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Humorous messages can influence consumers differently based on the type of product and context; this research seeks to determine how humorous versus informative messages differentially impact consumer's responses to embarrassing products versus nonembarrassing products in retail. This paper proposes that humorous messaging may be used to counteract negative responses to embarrassing products as opposed to much of the research on consumer embarrassment which focuses on coping mechanisms and reducing the noticeability of a product in retail settings. Specifically, marketers may use benign humor to increase excitement and ultimately increase purchase likelihood of a product. The researchers examine the process through which consumers view humorous marketing of embarrassing products. Three studies, including a behavioral lab experiment utilizing a 360° video choice experiment as well as a Facebook ads behavioral experiment, are used to assess the proposed relationship. The findings indicate that for embarrassing products, humorous messaging is more effective than informative messaging at increasing purchase likelihood due to an increase in excitement. These results hold across a variety of marketing mediums. This research suggests that practitioners should use humorous marketing communications rather than informative marketing communications for embarrassing products in retail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many countries allow lawsuits to hold responsible parties liable for the environmental harm they cause. Such litigation remains largely untested in most biodiversity hotspots and is rarely used in response to leading drivers of biodiversity loss, including illegal wildlife trade. Yet, liability litigation is a potentially ground‐breaking conservation strategy to remedy harm to biodiversity by seeking legal remedies such as species rehabilitation, public apologies, habitat conservation and education, with the goal of making the injured parties 'whole'. However, precedent cases, expert guidance, and experience to build such conservation lawsuits is nascent in most countries. We propose a simplified framework for developing conservation lawsuits across countries and conservation contexts. We explain liability litigation in terms of three dimensions: (1) defining the harm that occurred, (2) identifying appropriate remedies to that harm, and (3) understanding what remedies the law and courts will allow. We illustrate the framework via a hypothetical lawsuit against an illegal orangutan trader in Indonesia. We highlight that conservationists' expertise is essential to characterizing harm and identifying remedies, and could more actively contribute to strategic, science‐based litigation. This would identify priority contexts, target defendants responsible for egregious harm, propose novel and meaningful remedies, and build new transdisciplinary collaborations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) must be supplied to the human body and are therefore considered essential fatty acids. This narrative review discusses the signs, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD). EFAD may occur in patients with conditions that severely limit the intake, digestion, absorption, and/or metabolism of fat. EFAD may be prevented in patients requiring parenteral nutrition by inclusion of an intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) as a source of LA and ALA. Early ILEs consisted solely of soybean oil (SO), a good source of LA and ALA, but being rich in LA may promote the production of proinflammatory fatty acids. Subsequent ILE formulations replaced part of the SO with other fat sources to decrease the amount of proinflammatory fatty acids. Although rare, EFAD is diagnosed by an elevated triene:tetraene (T:T) ratio, which reflects increased metabolism of oleic acid to Mead acid in the absence of adequate LA and ALA. Assays for measuring fatty acids have improved over the years, and therefore it is necessary to take into account the particular assay used and its reference range when determining if the T:T ratio indicates EFAD. In patients with a high degree of suspicion for EFAD, obtaining a fatty acid profile may provide additional useful information for making a diagnosis of EFAD. In patients receiving an ILE, the T:T ratio and fatty acid profile should be interpreted in light of the fatty acid composition of the ILE to ensure accurate diagnosis of EFAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to construal level theory, consumers tend to think about their future abstractly, making it unclear and inexact. Here, a new approach is developed to help people enhance their future‐oriented outcomes by priming them to think about their future concretely. Two experiments show that priming a concrete mindset about the future leads to enhanced future‐oriented outcomes. Specifically, the studies show that participants discounted current funds in favor of future gains less when they were primed with a concrete mindset. Opportunity cost consideration is shown to be the mechanism driving this effect. Though research suggests that most consumers do not consider opportunity costs unless they are explicitly presented to them, priming a concrete mindset increases consideration of opportunity costs so that consumers can make better current decisions that will enhance their future‐oriented outcomes. This research helps to better understand why thinking concretely about the future is beneficial to future‐oriented outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review examines the stress hormone cortisol which plays an important role in regulating and supporting different bodily functions. Disruption in cortisol production has an impact on health and this review looks at a wide range of papers where cortisol has been indicated as a factor in numerous chronic conditions—especially those which are classed as "noncommunicable diseases" (NCDs). Timely detection, screening, and treatment for NCDs are vital to address the growing problem of NCDs worldwide—this would have health and socioeconomic benefits. Interestingly, many of the papers highlight the pro‐inflammatory consequences of cortisol dysregulation and its deleterious effects on the body. This is particularly relevant given the recent findings concerning COVID‐19 where pro‐inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in severe inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensive care unit recovery clinics (ICU‐RCs) have been proposed as a potential mechanism to address the multifaceted unmet needs of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors and caregivers. The needs of this population include, but are not limited to, medication optimization, addressing physical function and psychological needs, coordination of care, and other interventions that may help in improving patient recovery and reducing the rate of preventable readmissions. The objective of this opinion paper is to identify and describe clinical pharmacy services for the management of ICU survivors and their caregivers in an ICU‐RC. The goals are to guide the establishment and development of clinical pharmacist involvement in ICU‐RCs and to highlight ICU recovery research and educational opportunities. Recommendations provided in this paper are based on the following: a review of published data on clinical pharmacist involvement in the ICU‐RCs; a consensus of clinical pharmacists who provide direct patient care to ICU survivors and caregivers; and a review of published guidelines and literature focusing on the management of ICU survivors and caregivers. These recommendations define areas of clinical pharmacist involvement in ICU‐RCs. Consequently, clinical pharmacists can promote education on Post Intensive Care Syndrome and Post Intensive Care Syndrome‐Family; improve medication adherence; facilitate appropriate referrals to primary care providers and specialists; ensure comprehensive medication management and medication reconciliation; provide assessment of inappropriate and appropriate medications after hospitalization; address adverse drug events, medication errors, and drug interactions; promote preventive measures; and facilitate medication acquisition with the goal of improving patient outcomes and reducing health care system costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Liquid biopsy using cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) presents new opportunities for solid tumor genotyping. While studies have demonstrated the utility of cfDNA from plasma, cfDNA from other body fluids remains underexplored. Methods: We evaluated the molecular features and clinicopathologic correlates of cfDNA from serous body cavity fluids by performing hybrid capture‐based next‐generation sequencing (NGS) on cfDNA isolated from residual effusion supernatants. Twenty‐one serous effusions from pleural (n = 15), peritoneal (n = 5), and pericardial (n = 1) cavity were analyzed. Results: The supernatants provided a median cfDNA concentration of 10.3 ng/µL. Notably, all effusions were sequenced successfully to a median depth >1000×, revealing a broad range of genetic alterations including single nucleotide variants, small insertions and deletions, amplifications, and fusions. Specifically, pathogenic alterations were identified in all malignant fluids (13/13), all fluids suspicious for malignancy (2/2), and 1 benign fluid (1/6) from a patient with metastatic cancer. To validate our findings, we examined matching results from 11 patients who underwent additional testing using formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) specimens. In 8 patients, the paired results between FFPE and supernatant testing were concordant, whereas in the remaining 3 patients, supernatant analysis identified additional variants likely associated with resistance to targeted therapies. Additional comparison between FFPE and supernatant testing showed no difference in DNA concentration (P =.5), depth of coverage (P =.6), or allele frequency of pathogenic mutations (P =.7). Conclusion: cfDNA isolated from serous body cavity fluids represents a promising source of genomic input for targeted NGS. We performed targeted next‐generation sequencing on cell‐free DNA isolated from serous body cavity fluids. By applying cell‐free DNA testing to residual effusion supernatants, our custom liquid biopsy allows for robust detection of clinically actionable genetic alterations from routinely discarded material and may serve as a potential alternative to formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens in select patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative electronic word‐of‐mouth (eWOM) has a notable impact on a consumer's online purchase decisions and attitude toward a company or product. Despite substantial research examining this phenomenon, little attention has been given to the impact of responses to negative eWOM. The authors examine negative eWOM in the form of online reviews to understand how responses may impact a consumer's product satisfaction and attitude toward the company. Three studies examine specific aspects of responses, including responder type, attribution, and severity of negative review. Consistent findings across the studies reveal while any response is better than no response, a fellow consumer responding to a negative review can produce the most beneficial outcomes. The findings of this study are important for advancing theory in relation to negative eWOM and for helping practitioners develop appropriate response strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Some studies have suggested that tubulocystic carcinoma may be related to papillary renal cell carcinoma. We sought to compare and contrast the molecular and immunohistochemical profiles of tubulocystic carcinoma with those of papillary renal cell carcinoma. Methods and results Twelve cases of pure tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma were subjected to fluorescence in-situ hybridization assessment of chromosomal number for chromosomes 7 and 17, and for TFE3 translocation. Immunohistochemical labelling for AMACR, p63, cytokeratin 7, PAX8, cytokeratin 20 and carbonic anhydrase IX was assessed in all tumours. No tumour showed gains of chromosomes 7 or 17, or TFE3 translocation by fluorescence in-situ hybridization. Immunohistochemistry revealed all tumours to be non-reactive with antibodies against p63 and cytokeratin 20. Conversely, the antibody against AMACR gave a positive reaction in the neoplastic cells of all tumours. Four tumours showed focal labelling with antibody against carbonic anhydrase IX, and five tumours showed focally positive reactions with antibody against cytokeratin 7. Recurrence and metastatic disease were not found for the patients with available follow-up information. Conclusions Pure tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma is an indolent tumour with a good prognosis. Our data support the distinction of this neoplasm as a separate entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims We examined gene rearrangement and the expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK) in urinary bladder inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour ( IMT) using fluorescence in-situ hybridization ( FISH) and two immunohistochemical antibodies to ALK. We also investigated whether IMT represents an immunoglobulin (Ig)G4-related disease. Methods and results The performance of the Dako FLEX ALK monoclonal antibody ( CD246) and the Cell Signaling Technology ALK (D5F3) XP monoclonal antibody were compared. Overall, 11 of 16 tumours showed ALK expression by immunohistochemistry (69%). Ten demonstrated ALK expression with both stains and one was positive with D5F3 but not CD246 (91% correlation). The D5F3 antibody yielded a stronger staining intensity and a higher sensitivity. Nine tumours demonstrated ALK rearrangements (56%) by FISH. Three were ALK+ by immunohistochemistry but negative for rearrangement by FISH, whereas one showed rearrangement by FISH but was negative by immunohistochemistry. In total, 12 tumours were positive for ALK abnormalities (75%). Using current criteria, no cases were classified as an IgG4-related disease. Conclusions The ALK D5F3 immunohistochemical stain showed superior staining characteristics compared with ALK CD246. Discrepancies in the results between FISH and immunohistochemistry for ALK abnormalities may have causes that are multifactorial. By current criteria, IMT does not represent an IgG4-related disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the book "In the Name of Justice: Striving for the Rule of Law in China," by He Weifang.

The article discusses a study on the effects of agriculture on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions which was presented at an invited paper session at the 2013 annual meeting of the Allied Social Sciences Association in San Diego, California. It presents an analysis of increases in livestock and crop productivity using a future agricultural resources model (FARM) across 15 global regions on GHG emissions.

Following the failure of legislative proposals for a multi-sector greenhouse gas (GHG) cap-and-trade policy, the shift in focus to energy sector policies ignores the perhaps substantial potential for GHG mitigation from agriculture/forestry. We review estimates of the current U.S. agriculture sector contribution to GHG mitigation from a portfolio of existing sector policies in bioenergy, conservation, and research and development to compare accomplishments across programs. We then consider what opportunities and challenges may exist for increasing sector GHG mitigation by retargeting and/or expanding current programs--or for bioenergy-related mitigation, implementing proposed new programs--to serve as an alternative to cap-and-trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The roles played by managers in exercising workplace discipline have been of long-standing academic interest. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the way that the distinctive functions of operational managers and HR practitioners may interact and shape the nature and outcomes of disciplinary procedures and processes. This article examines this through a series of organisational case studies. It suggests that dimensions of control between operational managers and HR practitioners are fundamental to understanding the nature of workplace discipline. Furthermore, it argues that this relationship is crucial in determining the prospects for a shift towards greater flexibility in the management of discipline, as called for by Gibbons and reinforced by the Employment Act 2008. Therefore, findings suggest that questions of managerial preparedness to embrace this new agenda must also consider the role played by HR practitioners in embedding a culture of formality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports findings that suggest that trade union representation both protects worker interest and also facilitates the informal resolution of disciplinary disputes. However, this is dependent on robust representative structures and high-trust relationships with employers. Conversely, non-union companions were found to have no substantive impact on disciplinary processes and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the impacts of the global and medium-term mandates for biofuels on agricultural production and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It uses a global computable general equilibrium (CGE) simulation to model the regional impacts of the mandates on the economic patterns of consumption, production, and land use. It says that the CGE models projects that the global biofuel mandates will yield small reductions in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.

Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acid soils is a worldwide agricultural problem that severely limits crop productivity through inhibition of root growth. Previously, Arabidopsis mutants with increased Al sensitivity were isolated in order to identify genes important for Al tolerance in plants. One mutant,als3, exhibited extreme root growth inhibition in the presence of Al, suggesting that this mutation negatively impacts a gene required for Al tolerance. Map-based cloning of theals3-1mutation resulted in the isolation of a novel gene that encodes a previously undescribed ABC transporter-like protein, which is highly homologous to a putative bacterial metal resistance protein, ybbM. Northern analysis forALS3expression revealed that it is found in all organs examined, which is consistent with the global nature of Al sensitivity displayed byals3, and that expression increases in roots following Al treatment. Based on GUS fusion andin situhybridization analyses,ALS3is primarily expressed in leaf hydathodes and the phloem throughout the plant, along with the root cortex following Al treatment. Immunolocalization indicates that ALS3 predominantly accumulatesin the plasma membrane of cells that expressALS3. From our results, it appears thatALS3encodes an ABC transporter-like protein that is required for Al resistance/tolerance and may function to redistribute accumulated Al away from sensitive tissues in order to protect the growing root from the toxic effects of Al. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes the cloning and sequencing of the overlapping genes encoding phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. Polymerase chain reaction primers based on highly conserved regions of different PGK sequences; Glycolysis; Amino acid sequence; Termination codon of the PGK gene.

Gordon Causer, who is a Lecturer in Sociology in the Department of Sociology and Social Policy at the University of Southampton, and Carol Jones, who is Senior Lecturer in Employee Relations in the Lancashire Business School, University of Central Lancashire, explore the responses of twenty electronics companies in central Southern England to problems of recruitment and retention of professional engineers employed in research, design and development functions. They argue that organisations might be expected to treat such staff as a long-term resource, subject to processes of careful selection, extensive training and flexible utilisation. In practice these tendencies are modified to a greater or lesser degree by a variety of structural constraints, including the volatile nature of the electronics industry, the disciplinary heterogeneity of its labour force, the funding of research and development activities and the labour market conditions faced by organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elaborates on the statutory measure of damages and traditional framing of damages for interim losses or monetary compensation. Definition of an alternative utility-theoretic measure of resource compensation; Identification of alternative methods of implementation.

Investigates the recommendation that regulatory agencies in the United States exercise restraint in standard setting. Argument that the appropriateness of regulatory restraint depends on the penalty structure employed; Types of enforcement policy that are most common in U.S. regulatory policy; Evidence that U.S. regulatory policy encompasses a diversity of expected penalty structures.

This study attempts to replicate and extend the results of Burt (I 992a), using more ecologically valid memory cues. Twenty-seven undergraduate students used 138 rolls of film over the 1992-3 summer vacation. The film produced approximately 4900 autobiographical photographs. which were categorized as to the nature of the cues (event information) they contained (e.g. activity, location, participant). A sample of the subject's autobiographical photographs. and a set or other individuals autobiographical photographs (autobiographical foils), were presented to each subject via a tachistoscope. The subjects were asked to indicate when they had retrieved the circumstances and associated context' surrounding the scene depicted in each photograph or had decided the latter was not possible. Differences in memory retrieval times were found between the foils and autobiographical photographs and across the cue categories. The results suggest that autobiographical event memory structures are formed around the most unique event attribute. Rehearsal of an event and occurrence of an experience within an extended event (e.g. a holiday) were also found to predict memory retrieval time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study relative to engraftment of donor T-cells as a determinant of disease remission for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). It tells that the study included an analysis of the conditions of 21 CLL patients who were subjected to treatment methods such as allogeneic transplant. Moreover, it concludes that T-cell engraftment 30 days after allogeneic conditioning is a reliable determinant of molecular remission of CLL one year after transplant.