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Aims: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between microglial metabolism and neuroinflammation by examining the impact of citrate accumulation in microglia and its potential regulation through Cs K215 hypoacetylation. Methods: Experimental approaches included assessing Cs enzyme activity through Cs K215Q mutation and investigating the inhibitory effects of hesperidin, a natural flavanone glycoside, on citrate synthase. Microglial phagocytosis and expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines were also examined in relation to Cs K215Q mutation and hesperidin treatment. Results: Cs K215Q mutation and hesperidin exhibited significant inhibitory effects on Cs enzyme activity, microglial citrate accumulation, phagocytosis, and pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression. Interestingly, Sirt3 knockdown aggravated microglial pro‐inflammatory functions during neuroinflammation, despite its proven role in Cs deacetylation. Conclusion: Cs K215Q mutation and hesperidin effectively inhibited microglial pro‐inflammatory functions without reversing the metabolic reprogramming. These findings suggest that targeting Cs K215 hypoacetylation and utilizing hesperidin may hold promise for modulating neuroinflammation in microglia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, zebrafish has received more and more attention due to its wide range of applications such as regeneration promoting therapeutics and drug discovery. Therefore, vision‐based trackers are utilized to record the swimming trajectory of zebrafish. In this paper, a re‐association method is introduced in the 3D reconstruction process to generate missed targets caused by occlusion. Since the variation of the overall tracking targets has the property of continuity and stability, a topology association model (TAM) is proposed by point group similarity into the tracking framework. TAM describes the movement of zebrafish from the macroscopic level and utilizes the changes of the point group structure for tracking. Experimental results show that the tracking framework enhances the overall performance and promotes the trajectory integrity. On the latest 3D‐ZeF20 benchmark, state‐of‐the‐art results are achieved. In addition, TAM tracking framework is applied to 2D general tracking to prove that the method is useful and have great advantage in other scenarios with relatively stable amount of targets as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective activation of the C(sp3)−H bond is an important process in organic synthesis, where efficiently activating a specific C(sp3)−H bond without causing side reactions remains one of chemistry's great challenges. Here we report that illuminated plasmonic silver metal nanoparticles (NPs) can abstract hydrogen from the C(sp3)−H bond of the Cα atom of an alkyl aryl ether β‐O‐4 linkage. The intense electromagnetic near‐field generated at the illuminated plasmonic NPs promotes chemisorption of the β‐O‐4 compound and the transfer of photo‐generated hot electrons from the NPs to the adsorbed molecules leads to hydrogen abstraction and direct cleavage of the unreactive ether Cβ−O bond under moderate reaction conditions (≈90 °C). The plasmon‐driven process has certain exceptional features: enabling hydrogen abstraction from a specific C(sp3)−H bond, along with precise scission of the targeted C−O bond to form aromatic compounds containing unsaturated, substituted groups in excellent yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface‐plasmon‐mediated phenylacetylide intermediate transfer from the Cu to the Pd surface affords a novel mechanism for transmetalation, enabling wavelength‐tunable cross‐coupling and homo‐coupling reaction pathway control. C−C bond forming Sonogashira coupling and Glaser coupling reactions in O2 atmosphere are efficiently driven by visible light over heterogeneous Cu and Pd nanoparticles as a mixed catalyst without base or other additives. The reaction pathway can be controlled by switching the excitation wavelength. Shorter wavelengths (400–500 nm) give the Glaser homo‐coupling diyne, whereas longer wavelength irradiation (500–940 nm) significantly increases the degree of cross‐coupling Sonogashira coupling products. The ratio of the activated intermediates of alkyne to the iodobenzene is wavelength dependent and this regulates transmetalation. This wavelength‐tunable reaction pathway is a novel way to optimize the product selectivity in important organic syntheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case of multiple occurrences of benign metastasizing leiomyoma in the lung, left thigh, left ilium and pelvis in a 43‐year‐old woman who underwent twice myomectomy in 1999 and 2004 and had hysterectomy in 2009 was reported. She was complained of chest distress as well as the pain of left hip and back of thigh. Computed tomography, X‐ray and positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) demonstrated multiple nodules in lung, masses of left thigh and pelvis. Biopsy of these nodules indicated benign metastasizing leiomyomas according to pathologic and immunohistochemical results. The patient received gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist injection and regular follow‐up. Up to now, all the symptoms have been alleviated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reactive atmospheric pressure plasma containing Ar/O2/hexamethyldisiloxane is applied to coat polyethylene (PE) separators for lithium‐ion batteries. The PE separator moves through the plasma region roll‐to‐roll, and its top and internal fiber surface is coated with a thin SiOxCyHz film composed of nanoparticulates with an average size of ≈100 nm. The nanoparticulate film has relatively high heat resistance, which provides a PE separator capable of structural support with improved thermal stability. Meanwhile, the polar functional groups on the PE surface improve its crucial properties such as wettability, electrolyte uptake, and ionic conductivity. A mere 3 min of coating endows the lithium‐ion battery with a lower interface resistance and improved C‐rate and cycling performances. Most importantly, the binder‐free coating method provides a new, eco‐efficient way to improve the performances of polyolefin separators for lithium‐ion batteries. SiOxCyHz nanoparticulates can be reactively coated on the top and inner fibers of a porous polyethylene (PE) separator via an eco‐efficient roll‐to‐roll atmospheric pressure plasma. This thin, binder‐free, nanoparticulate coating with polar functional groups provides the PE separator with strong structural support as well as high affinity towards electrolytes. Lithium‐ion cells assembled with a coated PE separator exhibit better C‐rates and cycling performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]