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The frequency of riverine floods is predicted to increase in East Asia. However, the response of coastal hypoxia (<63 μmol L−1) to floods has not been well understood. In the summer of 2020, characterized by one of the most significant Changjiang water fluxes in three decades, we conducted a cruise during the flood period on the East China Sea inner shelf. Our observations revealed severe bottom hypoxia with a maximum spatial coverage of ∼11,600 km2 and a minimum dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) of 21 μmol L−1. In the surface layer, the relationships between salinity and nitrate, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) indicated significant organic matter production, validated by a high‐Chlorophyll‐a (Chl a) patch (>5 μg L−1). Furthermore, the significant relationship between apparent oxygen utilization and DIC of deep waters reveals that the organic matter decomposition primarily drove the hypoxia during the flood period. Episodic wind events also influenced bottom DO and DIC, by transporting surface waters to the deep. Multiple‐years data set shows that the average Changjiang nitrate flux during flood years is about 1.4 times that during non‐flood years. The flood waters mix with estuarine waters, forming the high‐nutrient plume waters, which expanded farther offshore during the flood period. While high turbidity remained confined to the inner estuary. Consequently, the high‐Chl a area significantly expanded, which significantly exacerbated the hypoxia. Plain Language Summary: Coastal waters are severely threatened by hypoxia, which impacts the growth, reproduction, and migration of marine organisms. Nutrient inputs from river basins are one of the major controlling factors of hypoxia in coastal oceans. The frequency and intensity of floods in river basins are projected to increase in the context of global warming in East Asia. However, the relationship between floods and coastal hypoxia is not well documented. The year 2020 witnessed lots of riverine flood events across Asian countries, which provided us with an excellent opportunity to reveal the influences of flood on hypoxia development on the shelf. In 2020, the August nitrate flux of Changjiang was 1.5 times higher compared to that in non‐flood years. We observed maximum hypoxic waters covering 11,600 km2 with a minimum DO of 21 μmol L−1 on the East China Sea inner shelf. Historical data showed that the floods led to the expansion of the high‐nutrient plume area, resulting in high biological production in the plume, and a nearly doubling of the hypoxia extent in the bottom waters. With the growing risk of intensive floods, hypoxia is likely to aggravate in coastal waters. Key Points: We observed a maximum hypoxia area of ∼11,600 km2, and a minimum dissolved oxygen of 21 μmol L−1 during the flood period in 2020Significant nitrate removal and surface Chlorophyll a exceeding 29 μg L−1 suggested intense biological production during the flood periodThe expansion of high‐Chl a plume area during flood periods surpasses that of non‐flood periods, contributing to hypoxia area increase [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilized middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse models and HT‐22 cell oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) models to investigate the therapeutic effects of melatonin on ischemic brain injury. In the experiments, MCAO mice were treated with 5 and 10 mg/kg doses of melatonin, and H‐T22 cells underwent OGD/R treatment and were administered different concentrations of melatonin. The results showed that melatonin significantly reduced ischemic brain area, neural damage, cerebral edema, and neuronal apoptosis in MCAO mice. In the HT‐22 cell model, melatonin also improved cell proliferation ability, reduced apoptosis, and ROS production. Further mechanistic studies found that melatonin exerts protective effects by inhibiting ferroptosis, an iron‐dependent form of regulated cell death, through regulation of the ACSL4/CYP1B1 pathway. In MCAO mice, melatonin decreased lipid peroxidation, ROS production, and ACSL4 protein expression. Overexpression of CYP1B1 increased ACSL4 ubiquitination and degradation, thereby increasing cell tolerance to ferroptosis, reducing ACSL4 protein levels, and decreasing ROS production. CYP1B1 knockdown obtained opposite results. The CYP1B1 metabolite 20‐HETE induces expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXO10 by activating PKC signaling, which promotes ACSL4 degradation. In the OGD/R cell model, inhibition of CYP1B1 expression reversed the therapeutic effects of melatonin. In summary, this study demonstrates that melatonin protects the brain from ischemic injury by inhibiting ferroptosis through regulation of the ACSL4/CYP1B1 pathway, providing evidence for new therapeutic targets for ischemic brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis, a newly discovered form of regulated cell death, has been reported to be associated with multiple cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we identified B7H3 as a potential regulator of ferroptosis resistance in CRC. B7H3 knockdown decreased but B7H3 overexpression increased the ferroptosis resistance of CRC cells, as evidenced by the expression of ferroptosis‐associated genes (PTGS2, FTL, FTH, and GPX4) and the levels of important indicators of ferroptosis (malondialdehyde, iron load). Moreover, B7H3 promoted ferroptosis resistance by regulating sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2)‐mediated cholesterol metabolism. Both exogenous cholesterol supplementation and treatment with the SREBP2 inhibitor betulin reversed the effect of B7H3 on ferroptosis in CRC cells. Furthermore, we verified that B7H3 downregulated SREBP2 expression by activating the AKT pathway. Additionally, multiplex immunohistochemistry was carried out to show the expression of B7H3, prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase 2, and SREBP2 in CRC tumor tissues, which was associated with the prognosis of patients with CRC. In summary, our findings reveal a role for B7H3 in regulating ferroptosis by controlling cholesterol metabolism in CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subsurface layer of the Canada Basin contains large reservoirs of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and carbon (DIN and DIC, respectively). Under rapid change of Arctic climate system, these reservoirs may not only serve as potential material bases for primary production, but also for carbon source and sink. However, the long‐term trends in reservoirs and the interaction between reservoirs and the upper ocean are not fully understood. This study used two data sets to evaluate the long‐term trends in the DIN and DIC reservoirs in the subsurface layer of the Canada Basin during 1990–2015. The results indicate an increase of ∼35% in the subsurface DIN reservoir over 25 years, whereas the DIN concentration remained fairly constant. The discrepancy between the DIN reservoir and DIN concentration was primarily owing to the expansion of the subsurface layer, which increased the DIN stock but maintained a relatively stable DIN concentration. Additionally, the ΔDIC/ΔDIN ratio in the subsurface layer increased by ∼33% over 25 years, primarily due to denitrification on the pathway of Pacific inflow, such as Chukchi shelf. In the Canada Basin, the enhanced mixing between the subsurface and surface layers may promote primary production and render the subsurface layer a carbon source. Consequently, when studying the biogeochemical cycles in the changing Arctic Ocean, the long‐term interactions between the subsurface and surface layers in the Canada Basin should be further considered. Plain Language Summary: Nutrients in the subsurface layer of the Canada Basin are potential material bases for primary production. Rapid climate change and enhanced mixing between the subsurface and surface layers impact the biogeochemical cycles in the Canada Basin. Two data sets were collected to determine the dissolved inorganic nitrogen and carbon (DIN and DIC, respectively) concentrations, DIN reservoir, and ΔDIC/ΔDIN ratio in the subsurface layer from 1990 to 2015. The results revealed that the subsurface DIN concentration remained constant, whereas the DIN and DIC reservoirs and ΔDIC/ΔDIN ratio dramatically increased. The increased Pacific inflow and expansion of subsurface layer may have led to an increase in the subsurface DIN and DIC stocks in the Canada Basin. Simultaneously, denitrification on the Chukchi shelf may have slowed the increase in the DIN reservoir, leading to an increase in the ΔDIC/ΔDIN ratio. Increased regional events such as upwellings, eddies, and storms can enhance the mixing of the upper layers (subsurface and surface layers) and thus may promote primary production. However, the increased ΔDIC/ΔDIN ratio implies that the mixing of the upper layers also supplies DIC upwardly, which might negatively impact the air‐sea CO2 flux in the Canada Basin and reduce carbon uptake from the atmosphere. Key Points: The subsurface dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) reservoir in the Canada Basin increased by ∼35% during 1990–2015The subsurface DIN concentration in the Canada Basin remained fairly constant during 1990–2015The ratio of subsurface delta dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to delta DIN (ΔDIC/ΔDIN) increased by ∼33% during 1990–2015 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a neural surface reconstruction framework is presented. In order to perform neural surface reconstruction using 2D supervision, a weighted random sampling based on saliency is introduced for training the deep neural network. In the proposed method, self‐attention is used to detect the saliency of input 2D images. The saliency map, that is, the weight matrix of the weighted random sampling, is used to sample the training samples. As a result, more samples in the reconstructed object area are collected. Moreover, an update strategy for weight based on sampling frequency is adopted to avoid the points that cannot be sampled all the time. The experiments are implemented in real‐world 2D images of objects with different material properties and lighting conditions based on the DTU dataset. The results show that the proposed method produces more detailed 3D surfaces, and the rendered results are closer to the raw images visually. In addition, the mean of peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PNSR) is also improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety were recognized in treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This longitudinal study identified risk factors for MDD and anxiety and established associations with patients' quality of life (QoL) and survival outcomes. Materials and Methods: We used PHQ‐9 and GAD‐7 questionnaires to diagnose MDD and anxiety in PDAC patients between October 2021 and March 2022 at a Chinese center. Characteristics and clinical data were analyzed for risk factors and EORTC QLQ‐C30 questionnaire was administered for QoL before the first chemotherapy. Furthermore, chemotherapy compliance and 1‐year survival were compared during follow‐up. Results: MDD and anxiety occurred in 51.8% and 44.7% of 114 patients over the half‐year period. Employment at work (odds ratio [OR]: 5.514, p = 0.001; OR: 3.420, p = 0.011) was an independent risk factor, while radical surgery (OR: 0.342, p = 0.034; OR: 0.238, p = 0.004) was a protective factor. Several aspects of decreased QoL were discovered after their onsets. Higher incidences of physical disorders (p = 0.004; p < 0.001), mental disorders (p = 0.001; p < 0.001), anti‐therapy emotions (p = 0.002; 0.001), and chemotherapy suspensions (p = 0.001; p = 0.043) were observed. Furthermore, the 1‐year mortalities for all patients and those receiving radical surgeries were correlated with MDD (p = 0.007; 0.036) and anxiety (p = 0.010; 0.031). Conclusions: MDD and anxiety are common in PDAC patients and correlated with poor QoL and survivals. Therefore, appropriate mental management is required in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal single‐atom (SA) catalysts have attracted immense attention due to the high catalytic efficiency given by the desired coordination environment of each metal atom. Yet, engineering the local electronic structure of SAs and multi‐atoms (MAs) still remains a challenge. Herein, an atomically dispersed catalyst comprised of Pt SAs, Pt‐Pt/V dual‐atoms, and small clusters supported on a vanadium and nitrogen co‐doped carbon (VNC) (denoted as Pt@VNC) surface is synthesized. In the Pt@VNC, both V and Pt atoms are evenly distributed on the surface of N‐doped carbon, while a few Pt atoms are linked to other Pt atoms via V, forming Pt clusters. The coordination structures of Pt atoms are modulated upon introducing atomically dispersed V sites (which generate small‐sized Pt clusters) and V2O5 clusters, showing extraordinary activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Benefiting from the low charge transfer resistance, i.e., fast reaction kinetics, due to the synergistic effect of SAs and clusters, the Pt@VNC demonstrates superior catalytic efficiency and robust durability for the HER. It requires an overpotential of only 5 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and shows 15 times larger mass activity than the commercial 20 wt.% Pt/C catalyst. This novel catalyst‐design strategy paves a new way for maximizing catalytic efficiency by optimizing the coordination structure of metal atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing the particle sizes of transition metals [TMs] and avoiding their aggregation are crucial for increasing the TMs atom utilization and enhancing their industrial potential. However, it is still challenging to achieve uniform distributed and density-controlled TMs nanoclusters [NCs] under high temperatures due to the strong interatomic metallic bonds and high surface energy ofNCs. Herein, a series ofTMs NCs with controllable density and nitrogen-modulated surface are prepared with the assistance of a selected covalent organic polymer [COP], which can provide continuous anchoring sites and size-limited skeletons. The prepared Ir NCs show superior hydrogen evolution reaction [HER] and oxygen evolution reaction [OER] activities than commercial Pt/C and Ir/C in both acid and alkaline media. In particular, the as-prepared Ir NCs exhibit remarkable full water splitting performance, reaching a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at ultralow overpotentials of 1.42 and 1.43 V in alkaline and acidic electrolyte, respectively. The excellent electrocatalytic activities are attributed to the increased surface atom utilization and the improved intrinsic activity ofIr NCs. More importantly, the Ir NCs catalyst shows superior long-term stability due to the strong interaction between Ir NCs and the N-doped carbon layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restoring damaged multichannel visual data with high loss ratio is quite a challenging task. To address this problem, an effective LRTC (low‐rank tensor completion) model integrated with total α‐order variation (TVα) in the fractional bounded variation space BVα is proposed to perform superior fractional‐in‐space regularization. Based on using LR constraint to restore global patterns, TVα regularization is integrated to exploit nonlocally‐correlated information on each channel to infer the lost data and simultaneously effectively deal with complex details due to the powerful fractional calculus. Then, a nonlocal fractional regularization strategy for multi‐dimensional data and an effective numerical optimization method are creatively designed to solve this problem. Two novel fractional derivative matrix approximations are derived and applied to the first two unfolding modes of the tensor respectively to conveniently solve the fractional regularization subproblem by using an element‐wise shrinkage‐thresholding operation. In addition, boundary extension and adjustment strategy are designed for the unfolded matrices to alleviate the influence of inaccurate boundary conditions in fractional derivative computations. Experiments are conducted to illustrate its performance and efficiency for YUV video, RGB and HSI restoration, especially its ability to effectively recover complex structures and the details of multi‐component visual data with relatively high missing rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The western Arctic Ocean is known to be nitrate deficient relative to phosphate but the decadal trend and the processes contributing to the deficit are not clear. To investigate changes in this extreme nitrate deficit of over 10 μmol/kg and its causal mechanisms, nutrient concentrations were examined along a transect spanning the Bering Basin, the Bering–Chukchi Shelf, and the western Arctic Ocean Basin over the last two decades (1994–2018). The results show that the extreme nitrate deficit has extended to greater depths and further north during the past two decades, which coincided with the expansion of Pacific water in the western Arctic Ocean. Subsurface nutrient stocks in the basin areas appear to have increased, but are accompanied by a larger nitrate deficit, which may be due to stronger shelf denitrification. This nitrate loss (∆N) caused by shelf denitrification was estimated to be 7.3 ± 0.1 μmol/kg during the interval 2012–2018, which was ∼10% higher than that in 1994. This suggests an intensification of denitrification on this marginal shelf under climatic and environmental change in the Arctic Ocean. Plain Language Summary: Prominent nitrate deficits relative to phosphate of over 10 μmol/kg in the Arctic Ocean are caused by a combination of nitrate loss by denitrification and a pre‐existing nitrate deficit in the inflowing Pacific waters. Over the last two decades (1994–2018), this extreme nitrate deficit extended to greater depths and further north, which coincided with the expansion of Pacific water into the western Arctic Ocean. Meanwhile, subsurface nutrient stocks have increased, however followed by a larger nitrate deficit, which may be due to stronger shelf denitrification in the western Arctic Ocean. Key Points: Prominent nitrate deficits of over 10 μmol/kg expanded to greater depths and further north during 1994–2018Subsurface nutrient stocks have increased in the western Arctic Ocean basin, but with larger nitrate deficitDenitrifying activity on the marginal shelf might be enhanced as a result of climate change [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to generate a denser focal stack, a cooperative generative adversarial network is proposed to learn the refocusing ability from light field imaging. To keep the axial continuity, the proposed framework is designed to learn features of a focal stack in both axial directions. Different from the classic generative adversarial network, our generative module consists of a forward prediction sub‐network and a backward prediction sub‐network, taking the forward‐and‐backward focal stacks as their inputs, respectively. The bi‐directional predictions are then fused by a weighting process, which is guided by an adversarial module. The proposed network is trained on light field focal stacks conducted via digital refocusing. Without loss of the refocus continuity, one can axial super‐resolve a focal stack by using the trained model. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on different types of focal stacks produced by both light fields and traditional camera shootings is validated. The experimental results indicate that the refocus variation of a focal stack can be well learned and predicted without a complete light field. Therefore, the proposed algorithm outperforms the traditional digital refocusing in terms of run‐time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen generation by electrolysis of water in an alkaline solution is a promising technology for clean hydrogen energy. Amorphous materials show much better performance than their crystalline counterparts. However, it is still challenging to design amorphous metal materials. Here, a series of amorphous transition metal nanoparticles (NPs) is successfully synthesized using a twisted covalent organic network (CON) that can provide twisted carbon layers as well as asymmetrically distributed nitrogen. With the fixed monomer pore, a low loading amount of RuCl3 results in amorphous‐only Ru nanoclusters (NCs, 1.5 nm), while a high content of RuCl3 leads to crystalline dominant Ru NPs (3 nm). The mixed phased Ru‐CON catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) shows extremely low overpotential at 10 mA cm–2 (12.8 mV in 1.0 m KOH) and superior stability (after 100 h test, current loss 5.3% at 75 mA cm–2). More importantly, amorphous‐only Ru‐CON with smaller Ru NCs shows much better mass activity and considerable stability compared to mixed‐phase Ru‐CON materials since amorphous Ru NPs can provide more active sites than in their crystalline state. With this strategy, amorphous Fe NPs and Ir NPs are successfully prepared for extended applications, and the HER activities are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs) in marine sediments have emerged as promising semi‐quantitative proxies to reconstruct seasonal sea ice in polar oceans. In this work, we examine the distribution of sympagic HBIs (IP25 and HBI‐II), pelagic phytoplankton biomarkers (brassicasterol, dinosterol and HBI‐III) as well as terrestrial sterols (campesterol and β‐sitosterol) in the surface sediments of the East Siberian Sea (ESS) to test their reliability as sea‐ice proxies under continental run‐off influence. Our data suggest that dinosterol performs better than brassicasterol to assess sea ice across the ESS shelf, yet the correlation between PDIP25 and spring sea ice is relatively weak but improves when removing sites with salinity <25. Strongest relationship is found between PIIIIP25 and summer sea ice in regions remote from riverine influence. Overall, our results show that semi‐quantitative estimates of sea ice based on biomarkers can be problematic in Arctic Ocean margins because of biases induced by continental run‐off on biological productivity and sea‐ice production. Plain Language Summary: Biomarkers in sediments provide information on past surface water environmental and biological conditions. They show that primary production in the West‐Chukchi Sea is higher than in the East Siberian Sea due to sea‐ice retreat as a result of global warming and nutrient‐rich Pacific water inflow. They also emphasize that sea‐ice estimates in continental shelf sediments can be biased by continental run‐off. Key Points: Phytoplankton biomarkers indicate lower primary productivity in the East Siberian Sea than in the West‐Chukchi SeaContinental run‐off can bias PIP25 based sea‐ice estimates in marginal seasStrongest correlation was found between PIIIIP25 and summer sea ice at locations remote from river run‐off influence [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family accommodation is a common, treatment‐relevant construct related to obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) severity and treatment outcome. This initial study examined the nature, incidence, and clinical correlates of family accommodation in Chinese adults with OCD and their relative or person in a close relationship. One hundred four outpatients diagnosed with OCD completed self‐report measures of obsessive‐compulsive, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Additionally, the individuals with OCD and a relative completed a measure of family accommodation and impairment. Patient‐reports of family accommodation were significantly correlated with OCD symptomology and severity. A multiple linear regression indicated that OCD symptomology was a significant predictor of family accommodation, but anxiety, stress, and depression were not. In addition, the current Chinese sample demonstrated greater levels of family accommodation than previous English‐speaking samples. Potential explanations and implications of the high levels of reported family accommodation are discussed. Family accommodation could play a significant role in OCD development and/or maintenance in China. Future research considerations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scene flow estimation with RGB‐D frames is receiving increasing attention in digital video processing and computer vision due to the widespread use of depth sensors. Existing methods based on object segmentation have shown their effectiveness for object occlusion and large displacement. However, improper segmentation often causes incomplete segmented areas or incorrect edges, which will result in inaccurate occlusion inference and scene flow estimation. To this end, an automatic layered RGB‐D scene flow estimation method is proposed, which achieves more accurate layering of objects in depth image by exploring motion information. The authors exploit super‐pixel segmentation for initial layering, which is beneficial for preserving edges and integrity of the objects. Furthermore, an optical flow which is highly correlated with the scene is also used for automatic layering. Finally, the utilisation of super‐pixel segmentation and motion information would ensure the integrity of the object area and improve the accuracy of scene flow. They have validated their approach both qualitatively and quantitatively on several public datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed method is able to preserve the integrity of the object and achieve lower root mean square error and average angular error as compared with the current state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing a facile strategy to access active and atomically dispersed metallic catalysts are highly challenging for single atom catalysts (SACs). Herein, a simple and fast approach is demonstrated to construct Pt catalysts with single atoms in large quantity via ball milling Pt precursor and N‐doped carbon support (K2PtCl4@NC‐M; M denotes ball‐milling). The as‐prepared K2PtCl4@NC‐M only requires a low overpotential of 11 mV and exhibits 17‐fold enhanced mass activity for the electrochemical hydrogen evolution compared to commercial 20 wt% Pt/C. The superior hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic activity of K2PtCl4@NC‐M can be attributed to the generation of Pt single atoms, which improves the utilization efficiency of Pt atoms and the introduction of Pt‐N2C2 active sites with near‐zero hydrogen adsorption energy. This viable ball milling method is found to be universally applicable to the fabrication of other single metal atoms, for example, rhodium and ruthenium (such as Mt‐N2C2, where Mt denotes single metal atom). This strategy also provides a promising and practical avenue toward large‐scale energy storage and conversion application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCM) layers are becoming more important to the Arctic shelf ecosystem as phytoplankton growing season and ice‐free water increase. We measured size‐fractionated pigments and environmental variables on the western Arctic shelf during the open‐water season in 2014, to study the spatial pattern and mechanisms of the phytoplankton community at the SCM. The SCM layers accumulated approximately 50% of the chlorophyll a (Chl a) standing stock in the water column, and the contribution increased to >70% for high‐biomass areas, suggesting the biological importance of the summer SCM in the shelf ecosystem. The spatial difference in phytoplankton biomass was caused mainly by bioavailable nitrogen concentrations, and the spatial difference in diatom size may be the result of differences in predominant species. High biomass and large diatoms dominated in the SCM layers, making the south and north of the Chukchi shelf a biological hotspot for the ecosystem's food chain and benthos of the western Arctic shelf in summer. Plain Language Summary: Subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCM) play an increasingly important role in shelf ecosystems in the western Arctic Ocean. The correlations between the subsurface phytoplankton community and environmental variables were examined to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying phytoplankton distribution in SCM layers. Spatial variability of the chlorophyll a (Chl a) standing stock showed a high phytoplankton biomass in the south Bering shelf (SBS), south Chukchi shelf (SCS), and north Chukchi shelf (NCS). Small diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community in the SBS, whereas large diatoms dominated in the SCS and NCS. The spatial difference in phytoplankton biomass was caused mainly by bioavailable nitrogen concentrations, and the spatial difference in diatom size may be the result of differences in predominant species. Summer SCM accumulate a large number of large diatoms in the water column, making the south and north of the Chukchi shelf a biological hotspot for the marine ecosystem on the western Arctic shelf in summer. Key Points: Summer SCM accumulate ~50% of the total water column chlorophyll aNitrate availability causes the spatial difference in phytoplankton biomassHigh biomass and dominance of large diatoms make the south and north of the Chukchi shelf a biological hotspot in summer [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The southern Yellow Sea (SYS) shows extensive spatial variations in water masses, particularly YS Warm Current Water (YSWCW) and YS Coastal Current Water in cold and YS Bottom Cold Water (YSBCW) and Changjiang Diluted Water in warm seasons. These hydrographic processes result in significant spatial changes in nutrients, stratification, and turbidity, which may highly regulate phytoplankton distribution in the SYS. Here, we provide high spatial resolution data sets of phytoplankton in the SYS in all seasons during 2011–2012. Diatoms thrived in eutrophic Changjiang Diluted Water and YS Coastal Current Water regions. Notably, benthic/meroplanktonic diatoms, including Paralia sulcata and Rhaphoneis spp., were dominant near the Changjiang Estuary and Subei Shoal. However, cryptophytes and haptophytes were dominant in oligotrophic offshore regions controlled by YSWCW and YSBCW. Phytoplankton abundance and chlorophyll a were considerably lower in the YSWCW and YSBCW than in other regions, and the community composition varied significantly among regions. Algal blooms were observed off the SYS coast in spring and near the Changjiang Estuary in summer, which were characterized by abundant nutrients, low turbidity, and a relatively stable water column. Canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated that stratification in cold and nutrients in warm seasons were most important variables correlated with phytoplankton community. Variation partitioning analysis confirmed that spatial changes in phytoplankton community composition were largely structured by nutrients rather than by physical factors in all seasons except winter. Our findings highlight the significance of water column stability and nutrients associated with water mass variation in shaping spatial changes of phytoplankton community in the SYS. Key Points: Spatial changes in phytoplankton community were largely regulated by water column stability in cold and nutrients in warm seasonsSpring and summer algal blooms were found in the regions characterized by abundant nutrients, low turbidity, and a stable water columnBenthic/meroplanktonic diatoms, including Paralia sulcata and Rhaphoneis spp., were dominant near the Changjiang Estuary and Subei Shoal [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A monthlong, high‐resolution buoy time series from the surface ocean of the Changjiang River plume in early autumn 2013 (30‐min sampling frequency) shows great variability in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and other physical and biogeochemical parameters. Early in the deployment, surface pCO2 decreased by ~117 μatm in a single day (11–12 September, from an initial value of ~527 μatm); a similar decline of 62 μatm occurred five days later (to ~378 μatm). Both drawdown events were associated with strong vertical stratification, high chlorophyll a concentrations, and oxygen supersaturation. A one‐dimensional mass balance model suggests that biological production was responsible for more than half the pCO2 decrease observed during 10–23 September. Subsequently, in association with strong winds, the mixed layer rapidly deepened and surface pCO2 increased sharply (by about 108 μatm in late September and again in early October). Vertical mixing accounted for more than half of this pCO2 increase, which offset more than the earlier biologically driven CO2 drawdown. In the presence of such strong temporal variations of pCO2, sampling frequency exerts a substantial influence on air‐sea CO2 flux calculations for the Changjiang River plume and similar coastal areas. Compared to daily sampling, even weekly sampling would result in a bias of up to ±4.7 mmol C · m−2 · day−1 or ±63% error. Key Points: A 31‐day high‐resolution buoy time series from the Changjiang River plume shows large temporal variations of sea surface pCO2 and other biogeochemical parametersIn early autumn, the dominant process regulating sea surface pCO2 in the river plume shifted from biological production to vertical mixingSampling frequency exerts a substantial influence on air‐sea CO2 flux calculations for the Changjiang plume and similarly variable coastal sites Plain Language Summary: Determining the mechanisms that control sea surface pCO2 and its variability in coastal waters is an important step toward estimating global air‐sea CO2 fluxes and projecting future atmospheric CO2 levels. In this study, a 31‐day high‐resolution buoy time series from the surface ocean of the Changjiang River plume in early autumn 2013 show great variability in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and other parameters. Early in the deployment, surface pCO2 decreased sharply in short period (one to five days). The pCO2 drawdown events were associated with strong vertical stratification, high chlorophyll a concentrations, and oxygen supersaturation. A mass balance model suggests that biological production was responsible for more than half the pCO2 decrease observed. Subsequently, in association with strong northeast winds, the mixed layer rapidly deepened and surface pCO2 increased sharply. Vertical mixing accounted for more than half of this pCO2 increase. In the presence of such strong temporal variations of pCO2, sampling frequency exerts a substantial influence on air‐sea CO2 flux calculations for the Changjiang River plume and similar coastal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the differences between δ15N of organic nitrogen bound in foraminifera tests (foraminifera‐bound δ15N, or FB‐δ15N), which is considered an effective recorder of thermocline nitrate δ15N in the oligotrophic areas, and bulk sedimentary δ15N (δ15Nbulk) of core MD12‐3433, located in the northern South China Sea (SCS) to explore possible causes of the offset between these two proxies in the SCS. The offset can be best explained by the influence of the terrigenous input on δ15Nbulk, as evidenced by its general correlation with sea level changes, C:N ratios, and inorganic nitrogen contribution to total nitrogen. Moreover, our new record is compared to six previously published δ15Nbulk records of the SCS based on their geographical proximity to the mainland or large rivers, which all show being influenced by terrigenous input. The effect of changes in vertical mixing is evaluated and believed to play a minor role on the general pattern of FB‐δ15N, while N2 fixation is the most important impact on FB‐δ15N records in the SCS as previously studies revealed. A deeper mixed layer during the last glacial period could result in nitrate with higher δ15N from the subsurface being mixed into the euphotic zone. FB‐δ15N of Orbulina universa have higher values than Globigerinoides ruber and Globigerinoides sacculifer, with a maximum difference in the last glacial maximum, which could be accounted for by its deeper habitat where it is sensitive to changes in the contributions of vertically mixed subsurface nitrate relative to nitrate from N2 fixation. Key Points: Terrigenous input affects δ15Nbulk all over the South China Sea and can strongly obscure the δ15N signal of the surface waterVertical mixing also plays a role on the general pattern of foraminifera‐bound δ15N in addition to nitrogen fixation in the SCSForaminifera‐bound δ15N of O. universa have higher values than G. ruber and G. sacculifer due to its deeper habitat depth [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Continental margin ecosystems in the western North Pacific Ocean are subject to strong climate forcing and anthropogenic impacts. To evaluate mechanisms controlling phytoplankton biomass and community structure variations in marginal sea‐open ocean boundary regions, brassicasterol, dinosterol, and C37 alkenones were measured in suspended particles in summer and autumn from 2012 to 2013 in the northeastern East China Sea and the western Tsushima Strait. In summer, the concentrations of brassicasterol (40–1535 ng/L) and dinosterol (4.2–94 ng/L) were higher in the southwest of Cheju Island, while C37 alkenones (0–30 ng/L) were higher in the south of Cheju Island. In autumn, brassicasterol (12–106 ng/L), dinosterol (2.4–21 ng/L), and C37 alkenones (0.7–7.0 ng/L) were higher in the southwest of Cheju Island and the western Tsushima Strait, and higher C37 alkenones also occurred in the Okinawa Trough. Correlation analysis of biomarkers and environmental conditions (temperature, salinity, and inorganic nutrient concentrations) clearly demonstrated that phytoplankton biomass and community structure variations can be well elucidated by water masses as indexed by temperature and salinity. High nutrients from the Changjiang River were the main cause of high biomass in summer, while nutrients from subsurface water were likely the key factor regulating phytoplankton biomass in open ocean water stations in autumn. This study indicates that mechanisms controlling phytoplankton biomass in marginal sea‐open ocean boundary regions should be classified by various water masses with different nutrient concentrations, instead of by geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen biogeochemistry during the beginning of a spring phytoplankton bloom in the Yellow Sea was investigated based on nutrient concentrations, benthic fluxes of nutrients, the nitrogen and oxygen isotope composition of NO3−, and the hydrological conditions. The δ15N and δ18O values for NO3− in the Yellow Sea were more variable in surface waters than in near-bottom waters and were generally 6.3-8.2‰ for δ15N and 6.2-9.7‰ for δ18O, except in the Yellow Sea Coastal Current Water (YSCCW), where the maximum δ15N and δ18O values found were 13.2‰ and 18.8‰, respectively. Both the δ15N and δ18O values varied among the different water masses with higher values in the YSCCW than in the Yellow Sea Mixed Water and the Yellow Sea Warm Current Water. Higher δ18O relative to δ15N in NO3− in the Yellow Sea reflects contributions from multiple NO3− sources, including nitrification and atmospheric deposition with the later accounting for 71% of total external NO3− input. A simple nitrogen budget indicated the importance of nutrient regeneration from sediments as a source for water column NO3− representing 74% of total NO3− input in the YS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Changjiang Estuary is a large-river estuary ecosystem in the East China Sea, and its plume, the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW), transports a large mass of nutrients ( [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the summers of 2009 and 2013, seawater pH and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, inorganic carbon, and nutrients were measured off the Changjiang estuary in the East China Sea. The 2009 cruise captured the effects of Typhoon Morakot; the 2013 cruise sampled more typical conditions (no typhoon). Data from both years indicate a close correlation between high primary productivity in surface waters and hypoxia in bottom waters. Based on these observations, we developed a conceptual model to guide an exploration of processes contributing to the formation of summertime bottom hypoxia. A mixing-model analysis of the 2009 data identified a surface diatom bloom as the major (70-80%) source of the organic carbon that decomposed and ultimately led to bottom water hypoxia. Within the Changjiang River plume, depth-integrated net biological production in the water column was 1.8 g C m−2 d−1, indicating strong autotrophic production, which in turn led to a high respiration rate of 1.2 g C m−2 d−1 in the bottom water. During both cruises, strong surface-to-bottom physical and metabolic coupling was evident. In 2009, storm-driven inputs of nutrients from elevated river discharge and strong vertical mixing helped to fuel the rapid development of a surface diatom bloom. Afterwards, stratified conditions re-established, newly formed labile organic matter sank, and bottom water oxygen was quickly consumed to an extent that hypoxia and acidification developed. To our knowledge, the observed rate of hypoxia and acidification development (within 6 d) is the fastest yet reported for the Changjiang River plume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Two planar matched loads using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and absorbing material are presented. The magnetic-loss absorbing material is cut into horn and concave shapes and loaded into SIW sections respectively to form two SIW matched loads. Measured results of the proposed SIW matched loads show comparable agreement with their corresponding simulations. Moreover, the proposed matched loads exhibit fractional bandwidths of 46.1 and 68%, respectively with a return loss over 18.5 dB, as well as system integration capability, low complexity and low cost, which demonstrate their suitability for Ka- and Q-band applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:1174-1178, 2017 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

View Supplementary Video 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With great interest, we read the article by Ferraz et al published in 2021 in the Eur J Pain (Ferraz et al., 2021). The authors performed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and concluded that "Listening to music is effective for relieving acute procedural pain during the first post-operative tibial fracture dressing change. Music should be incorporated into the multimodal analgesia protocols for management of orthopedic postoperative wound care related pain." At the outset, we would like to congratulate the authors for writing an informative article with novelty. Nevertheless, we have several suggestions and queries that we would like to communicate with the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two size‐reduced dual‐band half‐mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) cavity filters double‐side‐loaded with the conventional and stepped‐impedance complementary split‐ring resonators (SICSRRs) are presented. The SICSRR can exhibit larger equivalent electrical length than the conventional CSRR and thus provides a method to implement size‐miniaturisation. By loading both CSRR and SICSRR into the two sides of the HMSIW cavity, a dual‐band resonator is formed. Since sizes of the CSRR and SICSRR on the two sides are controlled independently, the two passbands of the proposed resonator can be tuned flexibly. With the proposed HMSIW–DS–SICSRR cavity resonators, two dual‐band filters are realised. Compared to other dual‐band SIW filters, the two proposed dual‐band filters can achieve sized‐reduction about 48.5 and 50%, with the measured results in good agreement with the simulated ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]