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Compared with conventional lithium‐ion battery systems, anion‐intercalation in graphite cathodes opens avenues for the development of batteries with groundbreaking power density. This study explores the enhancement of dual‐ion batteries (DIBs) by gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) enhanced with surface‐charged nanoclays, focusing on overcoming traditional challenges such as electrolyte decomposition, anion‐solvent co‐intercalation, and interfacial instability at the graphite cathode. Three nanoclays including montmorillonite, kaolinite, and halloysite are compared by incorporating them into GPE and evaluating their effect on the electrochemical properties, ion conduction, and mechanical integrity of DIBs. Particular attention is paid to the halloysite because of its differential internal and external surface charges, which generate charge separation, facilitate optimal lithium‐ion transport, and mitigate undesirable anion‐solvent interactions. These results indicate that halloysite‐incorporated GPE (HS‐G) significantly improves DIB performance, as demonstrated by extended cycle life, robust capacity retention at fast charge/discharge rates of 20 C, and operational stability over a wide temperature range (0–60 °C). These improvements are attributed to the unique structural advantages of HS‐G, including effective charge separation, enhanced anion diffusion, and reduced solvent co‐intercalation, which provide an environmentally friendly and cost‐effective approach to advanced DIB applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) are emerging as promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems. However, their practical implementation faces significant challenges, particularly their requirement for an impractically high stack pressure. This issue is especially critical in high‐energy density systems with limited negative‐to‐positive electrode capacity ratios (N/P ratios), where uneven lithium (Li) stripping induces the formation of interfacial voids. This study addresses these challenges by introducing an anode with a novel structural design that operates effectively under practically viable conditions while significantly reducing the N/P ratio to less than one. The approach entails the integration of a lithiophilic magnesium (Mg) film beneath a thin layer of the silicon‐graphite (SiGr) active materials. This structure facilitates the deposition of excess Li beneath the SiGr layer during overcharging, which enables stable cycling even at room temperature and at a low stack pressure of 3 MPa. By mitigating the poor contact that is characteristic of ASSBs with a low stack pressure, and simultaneously increasing the energy density by lowering the N/P ratio, the design significantly advances the key electrochemical properties of ASSBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fluorinated polyimide (PI‐FTD) was synthesized for preparing a thermally conductive PI matrix and composites. Additionally, surface‐treated boron nitride (BN) was incorporated into the PI‐FTD via the solution casting method to form efficient heat paths along the through‐plane direction. The resultant composite demonstrated remarkable characteristics, including an impressive through‐plane thermal conductivity of 3.6 W mK−1, a substantial tensile strength of 69.4 MPa, and excellent thermal stability. When this composite was applied to light‐emitting diodes, it effectively managed heat, reducing the operating temperature by 29°C. The PI‐FTD/BN‐OH composites can potentially improve thermal management in electronic devices. Highlights: A novel fluorinated polyimide (PI‐FTD) was fabricated.Introducing CF3 functionalities in the PI‐FTD provides high thermal stability.BN‐OH reinforced the thermal and mechanical properties of the composites.The PI‐FTD/BN‐OH composites achieved excellent thermal management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Magnetized plasmas are widely utilized in semiconductor fabrication due to their high processing efficiency. However, comprehensive studies involved in thin film formation—particularly the influence of magnetic fields on elemental reactions—remain limited. Additionally, using CxFy gases for plasma processing presents challenges in understanding the behavior of magnetized plasma. Thus, the effects of inhomogeneous magnetic fields on polymer deposition in low‐pressure, magnetized Ar/C4F8 plasma were investigated through spatially resolved diagnostics. Introducing inhomogeneous magnetic fields led to notable localized changes, increasing ion, CF2, and F densities by factors of 2.29, 1.44, and 1.71 times, respectively. These variations resulted in thinner films with lower carbon‐to‐fluorine ratios. The findings highlight the potential of asymmetric plasma parameter control to modulate film properties locally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrokinetic turbines (HTs) extract power by utilizing hydrodynamic forces from flow energy. The surplus load not used for power generation acts as a system load and must be considered when designing the turbine. Additionally, due to the variability of the flow direction during tidal power generation, the effect of the yaw misalignment angle on the power generation performance and system loading is an important design consideration. This study investigates the characteristics of an experimental model of an HT that uses two flapping foils, at different yaw misalignment angles through circulating water tunnel experiments. Experimental results show that with a yaw angle change of 10°, the power performance decreases by approximately 10% and the load increases by about 30% compared to an aligned configuration. Notably, the load in the flow‐perpendicular direction was significant, with periodic changes due to repetitive up‐and‐down motions. Consequently, the hydrodynamic force characteristics of the HT differ from those of conventional rotary turbines, necessitating the development of a design method that fits these characteristics for the actual installation of flapping‐foil HTs at tidal current power generation sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review covers the visible light induced reactions of quinones such as benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, and anthraquinone. These quinones are distinguished by their fully conjugated structures, which feature minimal energy gaps, and nonbonding electron pairs on the oxygen atoms. Such structural attributes facilitate np → π* transition, allowing for easy access to excited states and rendering quinones highly reactive under visible‐light irradiation. We describe three primary types of reactions facilitated by these electronic characteristics: Paternò–Büchi (PB) reactions, which entail [2 + 2] photocycloaddition between the carbonyl groups of quinones and alkenes or alkynes; CH activation processes, which showcase quinones' versatility in functionalizing hydrocarbons; and the formation of electron donor–acceptor complexes, demonstrating quinones' capability to engage in charge transfer interactions. Through this review, we highlight the critical role quinones play in photochemistry, their unique electronic properties, and their broad applicability in synthetic organic chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, recurring inflammatory condition triggered by immunological imbalances in the digestive tract, leading to weight loss, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and an increased risk of colon cancer. Existing UC treatments encounter significant limitations, such as primary non‐responsiveness, secondary loss of efficacy, and adverse effects. This necessitates the development of drugs and drug formulations to broaden UC treatment options. This study describes the extended retention of poly(maleic anhydride)‐drug conjugates in the large intestine of a DSS‐induced acute colitis mouse model and highlights their potential for treating UC. Anti‐inflammatory sirolimus (Siro) is considered an alternative drug for UC treatment, which however also has side effects due to nonspecific systemic delivery. Accordingly, poly(malic anhydride)‐sirolimus (pSiro) is synthesized by linking Siro, a representative immunosuppressant and anti‐inflammatory drug used in clinical practice, to anhydride groups of poly(maleic anhydride) via ester bonds. In a biodistribution study, poly(maleic anhydride) increases drug retention in the large intestine. Histochemical staining reveals the reduced inflammation degree in the treatment of pSiro, which leads to the decline of systemic inflammatory markers such as plasma TNF‐α, NO, and LPS levels. These results suggest pSiro as a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of UC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as vehicles for anti‐Parkinson's agents represents a significant advance, yet their clinical translation is hampered by challenges in efficient brain delivery and complex blood‐brain barrier (BBB) targeting strategies. In this study, we engineered dopamine onto the surface of adipose‐derived stem cell EVs (Dopa‐EVs) utilizing a facile, two‐step cross‐linking approach. This engineering enhanced neuronal uptake of the EVs in primary neurons and neuroblastoma cells, a process shown to be competitively inhibited by dopamine pretreatment and dopamine receptor antibodies. Notably, Dopa‐EVs demonstrated increased brain accumulation in mouse Parkinson's disease (PD) models. Therapeutically, Dopa‐EVs administration led to the rescue of dopaminergic neuronal loss and amelioration of behavioural deficits in both 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) and α‐Syn PFF‐induced PD models. Furthermore, we observed that Dopa‐EVs stimulated autophagy evidenced by the upregulation of Beclin‐1 and LC3‐II. These findings collectively indicate that surface modification of EVs with dopamine presents a potent strategy for targeting dopaminergic neurons in the brain. The remarkable therapeutic potential of Dopa‐EVs, demonstrated in PD models, positions them as a highly promising candidate for PD treatment, offering a significant advance over current therapeutic modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead‐based halide perovskites have gained significant prominence in recent years in optoelectronics and photovoltaics, owing to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. Nonetheless, the toxicity of lead (Pb) and the stability concern pose obstacles to their potential for future large‐scale market development. Herein, stable lead‐free Cs3Bi2I9 (CBI) films are presented with smooth and compact morphologies synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD), demonstrating their application as an UV photodetector in a self‐powered way. The self‐powered photodetectors (SPDs) exhibit remarkable characteristics, including a responsivity of 1.57 A W−1 and an impressive specific detectivity of 3.38 × 1013 Jones under the illumination of 365 nm at zero bias. Furthermore, the SPDs exhibit a nominal decline (≈2.2%) in the photocurrent under constant illumination over 500 h, highlighting its impressive long‐term operational stability. Finally, the real‐time UV‐detection capability of the device is demonstrated by measuring the photocurrent under various conditions, including room light and sunlight at different times. These findings offer a new platform for synthesizing stable and high‐quality perovskite films, and SPDs for advancing the development of wearable and portable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zn‐air battery (ZAB)‐driven water splitting holds great promise as a next‐generation energy conversion technology, but its large overpotential, low activity, and poor stability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remain obstacles. Here, a trifunctional graphene‐sandwiched, heterojunction‐embedded layered lattice (G‐SHELL) electrocatalyst offering a solution to these challenges are reported. Its hollow core‐layered shell morphology promotes ion transport to Co3S4 for OER and graphene‐sandwiched MoS2 for ORR/HER, while its heterojunction‐induced internal electric fields facilitate electron migration. The structural characteristics of G‐SHELL are thoroughly investigated using X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. Additionally, atomic‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images align well with the DFT‐relaxed structures and simulated TEM images, further confirming its structure. It exhibits an approximately threefold smaller ORR charge transfer resistance than Pt/C, a lower OER overpotential and Tafel slope than RuO₂, and excellent HER overpotential and Tafel slope, while outlasting noble metals in terms of durability. Ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis under varying potentials by examining the peak shifts and ratios (Co2+/Co3+ and Mo4+/Mo6+) elucidates electrocatalytic reaction mechanisms. Furthermore, the ZAB with G‐SHELL outperforms Pt/C+RuO2 in terms of energy density (797 Wh kg−1) and peak power density (275.8 mW cm−2), realizing the ZAB‐driven water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a multiple‐resonance (MR) core structure is developed with a spin‐flip‐restricted emission mechanism based on a fused indolo[3,2,1‐jk]carbazole (ICz) framework as emitters to improve the lifetime of blue organic light‐emitting diodes. The molecular skeleton modulation approach applied to the conjugated π‐system effectively stabilizes the triplet energy of the fused ICz emitters and narrows the full‐width‐at‐half maximum (<20 nm). In addition, the emitters exhibit higher exciton stability than conventional boron‐based MR emitters. The fused ICz‐based blue fluorescent device exhibits a high external quantum efficiency of 7.2%, a blue index of 68.6 cd A−1 at a Commission internationale de l'éclairage y coordinate (CIEy) of 0.075, and a device lifetime 1.8 times longer than that of a boron‐based emitter. In addition, a phosphor‐sensitized fluorescent device based on the ICz emitter exhibited an improved external quantum efficiency of 20.6% with a CIEy coordinate of 0.076. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis and maintenance of chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a significant limitation of cancer chemotherapy. Recently, the stimulation of mitophagy, a pivotal process for mitochondrial homeostasis, has emerged as a promising treatment strategy for neurodegenerative diseases, but its therapeutic effect on CIPN has not been explored. Here, we assessed the mitophagy‐inducing activity of 3,5‐dibromo‐2‐(2′,4′‐dibromophenoxy)‐phenol (PDE701), a diphenyl ether derivative isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea sp., and investigated its therapeutic effect on a CIPN model. Experimental Approach: Mitophagy activity was determined by a previously established mitophagy assay using mitochondrial Keima (mt‐Keima). Mitophagy induction was further verified by western blotting, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Mitochondrial dysfunction was analysed by measuring mitochondrial superoxide levels in SH‐SY5Y cells and Drosophila larvae. A thermal nociception assay was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of PDE701 on the paclitaxel‐induced thermal hyperalgesia phenotype in Drosophila larvae. Key Results: PDE701 specifically induced mitophagy but was not toxic to mitochondria. PDE701 ameliorated paclitaxel‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction in both SH‐SY5Y cells and Drosophila larvae. Importantly, PDE701 also significantly ameliorated paclitaxel‐induced thermal hyperalgesia in Drosophila larvae. Knockdown of ATG5 or ATG7 abolished the effect of PDE701 on thermal hyperalgesia, suggesting that PDE701 exerts its therapeutic effect through mitophagy induction. Conclusion and Implications: This study identified PDE701 as a novel mitophagy inducer and a potential therapeutic compound for CIPN. Our results suggest that mitophagy stimulation is a promising strategy for the treatment of CIPN and that marine organisms are a potential source of mitophagy‐inducing compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultraviolet (UV), visible, and near‐infrared (NIR) broadband organic photodetectors are fabricated by sequential solution‐based thin film coatings of a polymer electron blocking layer (EBL) and a polymer photoactive layer. To avoid damage to a preceding polymer EBL during a subsequent solution‐based film coating of a polymer photoactive layer due to lack of solvent orthogonality, 2‐(((4‐azido‐2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorobenzoyl)oxy)methyl)−2‐ethylpropane‐1,3‐diyl bis(4‐azido‐2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorobenzoate) (FPA‐3F) is used as a novel organic cross‐linking agent activated by UV irradiation with a wavelength of 254 nm. Solution‐processed poly[N,N′‐bis(4‐butylphenyl)‐N,N′‐bis(phenyl)‐benzidine] (poly‐TPD) films, which are cross‐linked with a FPA‐3F photocrosslinker, are used for a preceding polymer EBL. A ternary blend film composed of PTB7‐Th, COi8DFIC, and PC71BM is used as a NIR‐sensitive organic photoactive layer with strong photosensitivity in multispectral (UV–visible–NIR) wavelengths of 300–1,050 nm. Poly‐TPD films are successfully cross‐linked even with a very small amount of 1 wt% FPA‐3F. Small amounts of FPA‐3F have little detrimental effect on the electrical and optoelectronic properties of the cross‐linked poly‐TPD EBL. Finally, organic NIR photodetectors with a poly‐TPD EBL cross‐linked by the small addition of FPA‐3F (1 wt%) show the detectivity values higher than 1 × 1012 Jones for the entire UV–visible–NIR wavelengths from 300 nm to 1050 nm, and the maximum detectivity values of 1.41 × 1013 Jones and 8.90 × 1012 Jones at the NIR wavelengths of 900 and 1000 nm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science learning takes place not only in the context of science class but also after class. Students' internal forms of motivation, such as curiosity and interest, affect the entire science learning process in both in‐class and after‐class contexts. In addition, both stable existing learner characteristics, such as science curiosity and interest in a specific natural phenomenon (phenomenon interest), and temporary emotional states, such as state curiosity, are considered essential factors in improving learning. Given the importance of understanding how learners' two aspects of motivational variables influence their science learning in different learning contexts, this study aimed to examine the extent to which existing learner characteristics, such as science curiosity and phenomenon interest, and temporary emotional states, such as state curiosity, predict science learning both during and following class and how these variables are related to exploration after class. To achieve this goal, an explanatory sequential mixed‐method approach was employed, based on a correlational design, with a total of 706 cases from fifth‐grade and sixth‐grade students (45.5% female). In the context of science class, relatively stable existing learner characteristics, such as science curiosity and phenomenon interest, and temporary emotional states, such as state curiosity, were positively associated with learning, and temporary states were more predictive of learning than existing characteristics. In addition, state curiosity was directly related to learning, whereas science curiosity and phenomenon interest were only indirectly related to learning, mediated by state curiosity. In the context of the after‐class, however, only phenomenon interest significantly predicted spontaneous follow‐up learning and was positively associated with students' continued learning. An interpretation of these results was discussed, as well as their implications for science education and future research. Our findings will enable more fine‐grained analyses regarding how curiosity and interest can predict learning in science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilized a sliding mode control (SMC) technique combined with modified exponential reaching law to address the control of a nonlinear system. The introduced adaptive reaching law enables the system trajectories to converge rapidly toward the origin, surpassing the convergence speed achieved by the existing reaching laws. By employing the suggested reaching law, the SMC exhibits remarkable performance while effectively mitigating chattering. Furthermore, the proposed reaching law enables the system trajectories to converge rapidly toward the origin, surpassing the convergence speed achieved by the existing reaching laws. This article includes simulation results and a comparison with other predominantly existing approaches to highlight the superior performance of the proposed reaching law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite oxide semiconductor is unique for its capability to form epitaxial heterostructures with both dielectric and metallic perovskite oxides. The study underscores the potential of perovskite oxides for multi‐layer stacking, a key aspect in advancing semiconductor technology as silicon‐based devices evolve toward 3D stacked structures. Fabrication of the first double‐level double‐gate field‐effect transistors (DL DG‐FETs) is demonstrated, where each layer is epitaxially grown using all‐perovskite oxides. This resulted in improvements in subthreshold swing, current drivability, and field effect mobility. This innovation not only highlights the distinctive potential of perovskite oxides but also provides new avenues for integration with other perovskite oxides on Si for more advanced electronic functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state battery (ASSB) with a lithium metal anode (LMA) is a promising candidate to surpass conventional Li‐ion batteries owing to their inherent safety against fire hazards and potential to achieve a higher energy density. However, the narrow electrochemical stability window and chemical reactivity of the sulfide solid electrolyte towards the LMA results in interfacial degradation and poor electrochemical performance. In this direction, we introduce an organic additive approach, that is the mixing of prelithiated trithiocyanuric acid, Li3TCA, with Li6PS5Cl, to establish a stable interface while preserving high ionic conductivity. Including 2.5 wt % Li3TCA alleviates the decomposition of the electrolyte on the lithium metal interface, decreasing the Li2S content in the solid‐electrolyte interface (SEI) thus forming a more stable interface. In Li|Li symmetric cells, this strategy enables a rise in the critical current density from 1.0 to 1.9 mA cm−2 and stable cycling for over 750 hours at a high current density of 1.0 mA cm−2. This approach also enables Li|NbO‐NCM811 full cell to operate more than 500 cycles at 0.3 C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the development of a four‐component electrochemical method for the synthesis of CF3‐oxazoles, utilizing alkynes and NaSO2CF3 in MeCN. The method leverages the simplicity and mildness of the reaction conditions, despite the inherent complexity of utilizing four distinct components through aminotrifluoromethylation of alkyne followed by in‐situ cyclization. Notably, in addition to MeCN solvent, the presence of residual water in the reaction mixture also contributed as a coupling partner. The synthesis involves a sequence of four controlled oxidation steps under constant potential with graphite electrodes, facilitated by the mediator TMEDA, highlighting the precision achievable in electrochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RASopathies represent a distinct class of neurodevelopmental syndromes caused by germline variants in the Ras/MAPK pathways. Recently, a novel disease‐gene association was implicated in MAPK kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4), which regulates the upstream signals of the MAPK pathways. However, to our knowledge, only two studies have reported the genotype–phenotype relationships in the MAP4K4‐related disorder. This study reports on a Korean boy harboring a novel de novo missense variant in MAP4K4 (NM_001242559:c.569G>T, p.Gly190Val), revealed by trio exome sequencing, and located in the hotspot of the protein kinase domain. The patient exhibited various clinical features, including craniofacial dysmorphism, language delay, congenital heart defects, genitourinary anomalies, and sagittal craniosynostosis. Our study expands the phenotypic association of the MAP4K4‐related disorder to include syndromic craniosynostosis, thereby providing further insights into the role of the RAS/MAPK pathways in the development of premature fusion of calvarial sutures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An optical waveguide that transmits the electromagnetic waves is a critical component for various optoelectrical applications including integrated optical circuits and optical communications. Among many, the 1D tubular optical waveguide structure enables efficient distant energy transfer via mode selection within the optical microcavity. However, its application is limited due to the complicated fabrication process. Herein, hexagonal tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) microtubes with an average longitudinal length of ≈15 µm are self‐assembled within few minutes by utilizing 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4) ionic liquids. The swift fabrication is enabled by the high electron affinity of BMIMBF4 that forms hexagonal microrods. Also, BMIMBF4 ionic liquid etches the central region of micorods during its growth, forming microtubes with a wall thickness of ≈650 nm. The fabricated Alq3 microtubes show significantly improved waveguide characteristics with reduced optical loss coefficient (0.054 µm−1) compared to that of microrods (0.271 µm−1). The demonstrated method to fabricate Alq3 microtubes with ionic liquid is an efficient approach to utilize organic microstructures as an optoelectrical components for advanced optical communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Epilepsy is a suitable target for gene panel sequencing because a considerable portion of epilepsy is now explained by genetic components, especially in syndromic cases. However, previous gene panel studies on epilepsy have mostly focused on pediatric patients. Methods: We enrolled adult epilepsy patients meeting any of the following criteria: family history of epilepsy, seizure onset age ≤ 19 years, neuronal migration disorder, and seizure freedom not achieved by dual anti‐seizure medications. We sequenced the exonic regions of 211 epilepsy genes in these patients. To confirm the pathogenicity of a novel MTOR truncating variant, we electroporated vectors with different MTOR variants into developing mouse brains. Results: A total of 92 probands and 4 affected relatives were tested, and the proportion of intellectual disability (ID) and/or developmental disability (DD) was 21.7%. As a result, twelve probands (13.0%) had pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the following genes or regions: DEPDC5, 15q12‐q13 duplication (n = 2), SLC6A1, SYNGAP1, EEF1A2, LGI1, MTOR, KCNQ2, MEF2C, and TSC1 (n = 1). We confirmed the functional impact of a novel truncating mutation in the MTOR gene (c.7570C > T, p.Gln2524Ter) that disrupted neuronal migration in a mouse model. The diagnostic yield was higher in patients with ID/DD or childhood‐onset seizures. We also identified additional candidate variants in 20 patients that could be reassessed by further studies. Significance: Our findings underscore the clinical utility of gene panel sequencing in adult epilepsy patients suspected of having genetic etiology, especially those with ID/DD or early‐onset seizures. Gene panel sequencing could not only lead to genetic diagnosis in a substantial portion of adult epilepsy patients but also inform more precise therapeutic decisions based on their genetic background. Plain Language Summary: This study demonstrated the effectiveness of gene panel sequencing in adults with epilepsy, revealing pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 13.0% of patients. Higher diagnostic yields were observed in those with neurodevelopmental disorders or childhood‐onset seizures. Additionally, we have shown that expanding genetic studies into adult patients would uncover new types of pathogenic variants for epilepsy, contributing to the advancement of precision medicine for individuals with epilepsy. In conclusion, our results highlight the practical value of employing gene panel sequencing in adult epilepsy patients, particularly when genetic etiology is clinically suspected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various electrocatalysts are extensively examined for their ability to selectively produce desired products by electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). However, an efficient CO2RR electrocatalyst doesn't ensure an effective co‐catalyst on the semiconductor surface for photoelectrochemical CO2RR. Herein, Bi2S3 nanorods are synthesized and electrochemically reduced to Bi nanoplates that adhere to the substrates for application in the electrochemical and photoelectrochemical CO2RR. Compared with commercial‐Bi, the Bi2S3‐derived Bi (S‐Bi) nanoplates on carbon paper exhibit superior electrocatalytic activity and selectivity for formate (HCOO−) in the electrochemical CO2RR, achieving a Faradaic efficiency exceeding 93%, with minimal H2 production over a wide potential range. This highly selective S‐Bi catalyst is being employed on the Si photocathode to investigate the behavior of electrocatalysts during photoelectrochemical CO2RR. The strong adhesion of the S‐Bi nanoplates to the Si nanowire substrate and their unique catalytic properties afford exceptional activity and selectivity for HCOO− under simulated solar irradiation. The selectivity observed in electrochemical CO2RR using the S‐Bi catalyst correlates with that seen in the photoelectrochemical CO2RR system. Combined pulsed potential methods and theoretical analyses reveal stabilization of the OCHO* intermediate on the S‐Bi catalyst under specific conditions, which is critical for developing efficient catalysts for CO2‐to‐HCOO− conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) undergo changes between arbitrary shapes and programmed shapes upon exposure to specific stimulus, allowing them to restore their original shape. All kinds of external stimuli have a threshold to change the shape of the SMP. Especially, for the thermal type SMP, the critical temperature for shape restoration is typically near the glass transition temperature (Tg). In this study, the controllability of the restoration temperature is analyzed by adjusting the Tg of the polymer using Norland Optical Adhesive 63, which can be cured with UV irradiation. By varying the ambient temperature from 20 to 120 °C during UV exposure, Tg changes ranging from 35.84 to 50.50 °C are obtained, with corresponding changes in restoration temperature. As a practical application, a thermal‐activated SMP dry adhesive is developed with programmable Tg and switchable adhesion. The fabricated SMP dry adhesive exhibited strong adhesion to substrates with various surface roughness. Additionally, the shape memory effect allowed for easy detachment through shape recovery, and different adhesive performances at different temperatures are achieved by programming various Tg values. Moreover, the simple manufacturing process of the SMP dry adhesive is confirmed to be suitable for continuous fabrication processes based on roll‐to‐roll methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer vaccines offer a promising avenue in cancer immunotherapy by inducing systemic, tumor‐specific immune responses. Tumor extracellular vesicles (TEVs) are nanoparticles naturally laden with tumor antigens, making them appealing for vaccine development. However, their inherent malignant properties from the original tumor cells limit their direct therapeutic use. This study introduces a novel approach to repurpose TEVs as potent personalized cancer vaccines. The study shows that inhibition of both YAP and autophagy not only diminishes the malignancy‐associated traits of TEVs but also enhances their immunogenic attributes by enriching their load of tumor antigens and adjuvants. These revamped TEVs, termed attenuated yet immunogenically potentiated TEVs (AI‐TEVs), showcase potential in inhibiting tumor growth, both as a preventive measure and a possible treatment for recurrent cancers. They prompt a tumor‐specific and enduring immune memory. In addition, by showing that AI‐TEVs can counteract cancer growth in a personalized vaccine approach, a potential strategy is presented for developing postoperative cancer immunotherapy that's enduring and tailored to individual patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a novel approach for generating a three‐dimensional radiation map using data collected by mobile robots, aimed at monitoring radiation distribution in environments such as nuclear power plants. The proposed approach leverages Gaussian process regression with a novel adaptation of the inverse square law as a kernel function, which accurately reflects the physical characteristics of radiation, enabling precise mapping from uncertain data. Additionally, a method is proposed for constructing a comprehensive radiation map in 3D environments by estimating the radiation source and project the radiation data from sparse data. The effectiveness of the methodology is validated through simulations and experiments. Utilizing Octomap, a 3D spatial mapping tool, the study not only successfully visualizes radiation distribution in complex settings with multiple sources but also quantitatively demonstrates the enhanced accuracy of our approach compared to other existing methods. This research offers contributions in managing radiation risks, providing essential insights into the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work proposes a multiscale modeling framework for predicting the strain‐dependent electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube (CNT)‐incorporated nanocomposites considering the electron tunneling effect. A micromechanical model taking into account the waviness of the CNTs is utilized and molecular dynamics simulations estimating changes in distance between CNTs in the polymer matrix are conducted in an attempt to incorporate the electron tunneling effect. A series of numerical parametric studies are carried out to examine the influence of model parameters (e.g., CNT length, number of CNT segments, and intrinsic interfacial resistivity) on the strain‐dependent electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites. In addition, CNT/polydimethylsiloxane samples are fabricated and their strain‐dependent electrical conductivity is experimentally evaluated. Finally, to verify the predictive capability of the proposed modeling framework, the present predictions are compared with experimental results. Highlights: A multiscale modeling framework of CNT‐incorporated nanocomposites is proposed.A micromechanics model and molecular dynamics simulations are used.The study includes a numerical parametric investigation.The present predictions are compared with those obtained experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), the importance of terminal emitters, which determine device operational characteristics, has been grown. Although multiple resonance (MR) type emitters can provide high color purity and high device efficiency, the high triplet energy (ET) of emitters often cause issues on long‐term device operation. In this work, as a solution to implementing stable operation of blue OLEDs, novel emission‐mechanism‐tuned MR type emitters were developed based on fused indolo[3,2,1‐jk]carbazole framework. The molecular structural changes effectively stabilized the ET while maintaining the narrow emission bandwidth. The fabricated blue fluorescent OLED recorded a highquantum efficiency in deep‐blue region of CIEy of 0.075 and device lifetime twice longer than a typical boron type dopant based device. This research establishes the emitter design strategy for extended blue OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) plays a significant role on degraded image quality under specific operating conditions. During our product characterizations, we analyzed an event that shows bright vertical chain‐like spots on mobile Organic Light‐emitting Diode (OLED) display due to the transmit operation of Global System for Mobile (GSM) phone nearby the device under test (DUT). The cause of the event is laid out as follows. The transmitted Radio Frequency (RF) power travels through Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC) to Display Driver Integrated Circuit (DDIC). Then the transistors respond to RF power as unintended RF diodes, which generate unexpected Direct Current (DC) voltage, which pushes the panel‐driving buffer Operational Amplifier's (OPAMP) output drifted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LiFePO4 emerges as a viable alternative to cobalt‐containing cathodes, such as Li[Ni1–x–yMnxCoy]O2 and Li[Ni1−x−yCoxAly]O2. As Fe is abundant in nature, LiFePO4 is a low‐cost material. Moreover, stable structure of LiFePO4 imparts long service life and thermal stability. However, the practical implementation of LiFePO4 cathode in energy storage devices is impeded by its low energy density and high ionic/electrical resistance. Herein, the LiFePO4 electrode with high active material loading and low ionic/electrical resistance through the dry process is reported for the first time. The dry process not only enables the uniform distribution of the polymeric binders and conductive additives within the thick electrode but also inhibits the formation of cracks. Furthermore, the bridge‐like connection of polytetrafluoroethylene facilitates the insertion and extraction of Li ions to the LiFePO4 crystal. Hence, the dry‐processed LiFePO4 electrode with high areal capacity (7.8 mAh cm−2) exhibits excellent cycle stability over 300 cycles in full‐cell operation. In addition, it is demonstrated that the estimated energy density of prismatic cell with the dry‐processed LiFePO4 electrode is competitive with state‐of‐the‐art Li[Ni1–x–yMnxCoy]O2‐based battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D materials have attracted attention in the field of neuromorphic computing applications, demonstrating the potential for their use in low‐power synaptic devices at the atomic scale. However, synthetic 2D materials contain randomly distributed intrinsic defects and exhibit a stochasitc forming process, which results in variability of switching voltages, times, and stat resistances, as well as poor synaptic plasticity. Here, this work reports the wafer‐scale synthesis of highly polycrystalline semiconducting 2H‐phase molybdenum ditelluride (2H‐MoTe2) and its use for fabricating crossbar arrays of memristors. The 2H‐MoTe2 films contain small grains (≈30 nm) separated by vertically aligned grain boundaries (GBs). These aligned GBs provide confined diffusion paths for metal ions filtration (from the electrodes), resulting in reliable resistive switching (RS) due to conductive filament confinement. As a result, the polycrystalline 2H‐MoTe2 memristors shows improvement in the RS uniformity and stable multilevel resistance states, small cycle‐to‐cycle variation (<8.3%), high yield (>83.7%), and long retention times (>104 s). Finally, 2H‐MoTe2 memristors show linear analog synaptic plasticity under more than 2500 repeatable pulses and a simulation‐based learning accuracy of 96.05% for image classification, which is the first analog synapse behavior reported for 2D MoTe2 based memristors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facile charge transfer between source/drain (S/D) electrodes and organic semiconductor (OSC) channel is crucial for high‐mobility organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). Herein, a novel OFET geometry is developed by modifying a top‐contact bottom‐gate device structure, termed a buried‐contact OFET, enabling close proximity between the S/D‐OSC interface and conducting channel, consequently decreasing the access contact resistance (RC,acc) and overall contact resistance (RC). Conventional post‐thermal annealing is combined with a burying pressure (pressure‐thermal annealing (PTA)). The synergistic effect of thermal and pressure annealings leads to the softened OSC layer enabling metal electrodes to bury inward by applied pressure. This process induces structural transitions from a top‐contact to buried‐contact configuration, as verified by atomic force microscopy and finite element simulations. Transfer line method and 4‐probe measurements revealed that PTA reduces the contact by 1/3 (65 kΩ cm) and the source‐to‐drain voltage waste due to charge injection from 52% to 31%. Consequently, the field‐effect mobility is four times higher than that of a conventional thermally annealed top‐contact OFET. The density of deep traps (Ntr) is mainly distributed in the OSC bulk responsible for charge injection. Remarkably, the Ntr decreased 30‐fold using PTA, resulting in a shallow sub‐threshold region and a threshold voltage close to zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a numerically stable sequential formulation of thermoporomechanics for largely deformable gas hydrate deposits, extended from the fixed stress split of infinitesimal transformation. Constitutive equations are based on the total Lagrangian approach for both flow and geomechanics, including dynamic full tensor permeability and thermal conductivity updated from the deformation gradient. For space discretization, we take the cell‐centered finite volume and node‐based finite element method for flow and geomechanics, respectively. Then, we propose a sequential implicit method for all‐way coupled thermoporomechanics, where the nonisothermal multiphase flow problem of gas hydrates is solved implicitly first and then the geomechanics problem is solved implicitly at the next step. During solution of the flow problem, we fix the rate of first Pioal total stress for numerical stability as well as apply porosity correction and entropy correction to account for geomechanical effects. We test numerical examples where flow and geomechanics parameters are based on deep oceanic gas hydrate deposits. When applying depressurization, even though the results between the infinitesimal transformation and finite strain geomechanics are similar in the early stages due to small deformation, we find differences between them in the late times as deformation becomes large. Accordingly, permeability and thermal conductivity tensors become nonisotropic full tensors although they are initially isotropic. We identify numerical stability of the developed sequential method from the test cases that exhibit the highly complex coupled gas hydrate systems with large deformation. Thus, the proposed sequential formulation can be applied in largely deformable gas hydrate systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noncommunicable diseases (NCD), such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are defining healthcare challenges of the 21st century. Medical infrastructure, which for decades sought to reduce the incidence and severity of communicable diseases, has proven insufficient in meeting the intensive, long‐term monitoring needs of many NCD disease patient groups. In addition, existing portable devices with rigid electronics are still limited in clinical use due to unreliable data, limited functionality, and lack of continuous measurement ability. Here, a wearable system for at‐home cardiovascular monitoring of postpartum women—a group with urgently unmet NCD needs in the United States—using a cloud‐integrated soft sternal device with conformal nanomembrane sensors is introduced. A supporting mobile application provides device data to a custom cloud architecture for real‐time waveform analytics, including medical device‐grade blood pressure prediction via deep learning, and shares the results with both patient and clinician to complete a robust and highly scalable remote monitoring ecosystem. Validated in a month‐long clinical study with 20 postpartum Black women, the system demonstrates its ability to remotely monitor existing disease progression, stratify patient risk, and augment clinical decision‐making by informing interventions for groups whose healthcare needs otherwise remain unmet in standard clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing the incorporation of highly accessible Lewis acid sites on fillers is crucial for achieving exceptional electrochemical performances in composite solid electrolytes (CSEs). Typically, they can provide a vital role in improving CSEs performance by interacting with lithium salt anions and the polymer matrix through Lewis acid–base interactions. To address this technological need, in this work, a novel filler of bimetallic UiO‐66(Zr/Ti)‐ionic liquid grafted composite (BUIL) is developed to enhance its inherent electrochemical properties. The bimetallic structure, which introduces structural defects, along with the grafted ionic liquid, abundantly creates accessible Lewis acid sites. This modification of the intrinsic Lewis acidity results in a remarkable enhancement of CSEs performances. The incorporation of BUIL in CSEs leads to a significant increase in ionic conductivity (0.458 mS cm−1) and lithium‐ion transference number (0.668) at 30 °C. Furthermore, LiFePO4/CSEs/Li cells demonstrate a high specific capacity of 148.5 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1 C, which is stably maintained over 880 cycles. Overall, the innovative synthetic approach in producing multifunctional fillers for CSEs shows strong potential for enhancing the performance of advanced lithium metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface defects of metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) substantially compromise the optoelectronic performances of the materials and devices via undesired charge recombination. However, those defects, mainly the vacancies, are structurally entangled with each other in the PNC lattice, necessitating a delicately designed strategy for effective passivation. Here, a synergistic metal ion doping and surface ligand exchange strategy is proposed to passivate the surface defects of CsPbBr3 PNCs with various divalent metal (e.g., Cd2+, Zn2+, and Hg2+) acetate salts and didodecyldimethylammonium (DDA+) via one‐step post‐treatment. The addition of metal acetate salts to PNCs is demonstrated to suppress the defect formation energy effectively via the ab initio calculations. The developed PNCs not only have near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield and excellent stability but also show luminance of 1175 cd m−2, current efficiency of 65.48 cd A−1, external quantum efficiency of 20.79%, wavelength of 514 nm in optimized PNC light‐emitting diodes with Cd2+ passivator and DDA ligand. The "organic–inorganic" hybrid engineering approach is completely general and can be straightforwardly applied to any combination of quaternary ammonium ligands and source of metal, which will be useful in PNC‐based optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, photodetectors, and transistors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Segmentectomy for early‐stage lung cancer has benefits for survival and parenchymal preservation. However, segmentectomies are technically challenging, thereby resulting in considerable variability in the quality of resection. In this study, we aimed to review the quality of segmentectomies and analyze their clinical impact. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed patients diagnosed with stage I lung cancer after segmentectomies between 2013 and 2021. Segmentectomies were classified as anatomical or nonanatomical; anatomical resection included segmental bronchus and vessel (artery and/or vein) divisions; others were classified as nonanatomical. The primary outcome was recurrence‐free and overall survival, and the secondary outcome was postoperative spirometry and lung plication, which is seen as a fibrotic line along the stapling site. Results: Of the 132 segmental resections included in this study, 101 (76.5%) were anatomical segmentectomies. The median consolidation‐tumor ratio was 0.40, and 83.3% (110/132) had ground‐glass opacities (GGOs). Compared to nonanatomical resections, more N1 and total lymph node stations were retrieved after anatomical segmentectomies. Regarding clinical outcomes, recurrence‐free survival was better after anatomical segmentectomy (p = 0.049); however, overall survival was not significantly different (p = 0.064). Furthermore, at 3–6 months postoperatively, thicker lung plication at the stapling site was observed in nonanatomical resections (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis for complex segmentectomies revealed a larger decrease in forced‐expiration volume in 1 s after nonanatomical resection. Conclusion: Anatomical segmentectomy resulted in better survival and a lower incidence of thick lung plication, even in GGO‐dominant tumors. Therefore, further standardization and quality management of segmentectomy procedures will improve the clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra‐wide bandgap semiconductors are gaining attention for their promising properties for UV optoelectronics and UV transparent electronics as well as high‐power applications. Among them, La‐doped SrSnO3 exhibits excellent properties both for deep‐UV transparent oxide semiconductors and deep‐UV transparent conducting oxide. Here, the demonstration of thin film transistors (TFTs) with full deep‐UV transparency is reported, including electrodes, gate oxide, and substrate. The lightly La‐doped SrSnO3 for the channel layer is grown on MgO (100) substrates with buffer layers by pulsed laser deposition. TFTs with a metal—insulator–semiconductor structure are fabricated using high‐k perovskite dielectric LaScO3 as the gate oxide. A degenerately La‐doped SrSnO3 is used as the gate, the source, and the drain electrodes to obtain good ohmic contact with the channel layer as well as UV transparency. The resultant device shows a field effect mobility value of ≈24 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an on/off ratio >106. The optical transmittance of the entire device (including the substrate) is found to be >75% at 300 nm in wavelength. Furthermore, the electrical characteristics of the device exhibit excellent stability under visible irradiation. This research highlights the potential of SrSnO3 in advancing the field of UV optoelectronics and UV transparent electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]