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This article discusses a case study of a patient with Keratitis-Ichthyosis-Deafness (KID) syndrome, a congenital skin disease. The patient had chronic cutaneous candidiasis, which led to the emergence of multiple revertant keratinocyte clones with a reversal of the skin phenotype. The study used whole-exome sequencing to analyze samples from different regions of the patient's skin and identified somatic mutations, including second-site mutations in the GJB2 gene. The findings suggest that chronic cutaneous candidiasis may promote the emergence of independent keratinocyte clones with second-site mutations, and this phenomenon could potentially be used to develop treatments for KID syndrome. [Extracted from the article]

This article, titled "EP09.32: Usefulness of low-flow power Doppler in early fetal cardiac screening," explores the effectiveness of low-flow power Doppler in evaluating the morphology of the fetal heart during early screening. The study was conducted using fetal echocardiography between 11+0 weeks to 13+6 weeks. The results showed that the use of slowflowHD, a type of low-flow power Doppler, improved the detection rate of cardiac images, particularly in the outflows and pulmonary veins. The authors conclude that slowflowHD is a valuable tool for detecting abnormalities in these areas during the first trimester. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the journal Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, discusses a study that aimed to evaluate the defect size of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in neonates using prenatal ultrasound parameters. The researchers collected data from 2016 to 2023, including demographics, prenatal ultrasound, and intraoperative status. They found that the contralateral pulmonary artery size and observed/expected lung area to head circumference ratio were significantly smaller in cases with a defect size greater than 50%. The study suggests that prenatal contralateral pulmonary artery size may be helpful in evaluating the defect size in neonatal left-sided CDH. [Extracted from the article]

This article, titled "EP06.25: Fetal ultrasound predictors for early postnatal intervention in congenital pulmonary airway malformations," examines predictive factors on fetal ultrasound in cases of congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM) that require surgery in the early postnatal period. The study analyzed fetal ultrasound data from 43 cases diagnosed with CPAM and found that a bigger ipsilateral pulmonary artery (PA) diameter and a high volume/estimated body weight ratio (vol/EFBW) at diagnosis, as well as a higher CPAM volume ratio (CVR) before birth, were risk parameters for requiring early postnatal surgery. These findings provide valuable information for predicting the need for intervention in CPAM cases. [Extracted from the article]

These findings suggested that the tumour did not experience ultraviolet-induced mutagenesis which was typical of BCC, and instead, accumulated cell cycle-related mutations. Because solitary BCC on the palms and soles in patient without NBCCS is rare, we performed whole exome sequencing to confirm that the tumour was genetically compatible with BCC. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent skin tumour and generally occurs on the hair-bearing skin of sun-exposed areas. [Extracted from the article]

Identification of CD49a+ CD8+ resident memory T cells in vitiligo-like lesions associated with nivolumab treatment for melanoma CD103+ T SB RM sb cells, generated as a result of melanoma-related vitiligo, mediated protection against melanoma in a murine model.[8] Another report revealed that CD49a+ CD103+ CD8+ T SB RM sb cells in human vitiligo vulgaris were poised for cytotoxic functions.[6] Our data suggest that vitiligo vulgaris, and vitiligo-like lesions induced by nivolumab likely share a similar aetiology mediated by CD49a+ CD103+ CD8+ T SB RM sb cells. Further studies are desired to understand the role of CD49a+ CD103+ CD8+ T SB RM sb cells in vitiligo-like lesion related with ICI treatment for melanoma. [Extracted from the article]

Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare adenocarcinoma that arises in apocrine gland-bearing skin and is associated with increased risk of underlying or distant malignancies. The average time between EMPD and malignancies that preceded EMPD diagnosis was 5.5 ± 6.7 years, and an average of 3.3 ± 3.9 years for malignancies diagnosed after EMPD. Increased incidence of secondary malignancies, particularly of colorectal and genitourinary cancers, in EMPD patients should prompt clinicians to conduct age-appropriate and other relevant and frequent cancer screening. [Extracted from the article]

Blue naevus is a subset of benign melanocytic tumours typically located on the dorsal aspects of extremities, scalp and buttocks.1 It is also reported to occur rarely even at the oral and genital mucosa.2,3 Herein, we report a case of blue naevus of the labium minus with atypical clinical manifestations, which was confirmed by whole-exome sequencing. The tumour cells spread in parallel to the dermal layer without any junctional components and spared the central, blood vessel-rich connective tissue of the labium minus. The tumour cells spared the central connective tissue of the labium minus, which naturally contained rich small blood vessels (scale bar = 500 µm). gl To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report to describe blue naevus of the labium minus. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: The current study aimed to compare cytology using SurePath® (SP)‐LBC and biliary tissue histology (BTH) for the diagnosis of biliary disease. Methods: Between January 2014 and December 2016, 57 patients underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for the diagnosis of biliary disease. Biliary cytological samples were processed using SP‐LBC and subsequently BTH was performed. A final diagnosis was confirmed by surgery (23 malignant cases) and clinical follow‐up (34 benign and malignant cases): 18 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; 17 intrahepatic/hilar cholangiocarcinoma (intra/H‐CC); eight other malignant disease; and 14 benign biliary disease. The diagnoses made using SP‐LBC and BTH were classified into four categories: (1) benign; (2) indeterminate; (3) suspicious for malignancy/malignant; and (4) inadequate. In addition, diagnostic accuracy was compared between SP‐LBC and BTH. Results: Although 23% (13/57) of BTH samples were classified as inadequate, all SP‐LBC cases were classified as adequate. Among 43 malignant cases, 11 normal, four indeterminate and 28 suspicious for malignancy/malignant were found using SP‐LBC (26%, 9% and 65%, respectively), in contrast to 10 inadequate, nine normal, 10 indeterminate and 14 suspicious for malignancy/malignant observed using BTH (23%, 21%, 23%, and 33%, respectively). The identification of malignant cells was strikingly different between SP‐LBC and BTH. Furthermore, limited to intra/H‐CC, accuracy was significantly higher using SP‐LBC than using BTH (P < .001). Conclusions: SP‐LBC of the biliary tract is a useful and reliable method for diagnosing biliary malignant disease and has an advantage over BTH for detecting malignant cells and accurately diagnosing intra/H‐CC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Purpose: Dental faculties in Japan have organised many short‐term international exchange programs to enable their undergraduates to study abroad. However, not many students apply for those programs. In this present study, we attempted to clarify the factors that discourage undergraduate dental students from studying abroad. Methods: We administered a questionnaire survey to 512 undergraduate dental students in three national universities located in different areas in Japan. Results: Although 61.7% of the participants expressed interest in studying abroad, only 19.1% of them had prior experiences of study abroad or plans to do so. Their main worries were about lack of sufficient language ability in academic fields. Comparing those who were interested in studying abroad with those who were not revealed significant differences regarding their concern about lack of language ability and lack of specialised knowledge in dentistry. Participants who did not want to study abroad indicated that they did not perceive a purpose in doing so and cited not having foreign friends as a problem. Household income was significantly correlated with concerns about overall expenses. Conclusion: Overall, language ability and academic knowledge appeared to be the two strongest factors affecting dental students’ consideration of studying abroad. Dental schools in Japan can use the findings of this study to improve their undergraduate exchange programs in such a way as to stimulate greater interest amongst their students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Ameloblastoma ( AM) shows locally invasive behaviour. However, biological investigations regarding regulation of gene expression associated with AM pathological features are difficult to perform, because AM cells can be passaged for a few generations due to senescence. We report a newly established immortalized AM cell line, AMB cells, by transfection with human telomerase reverse transcriptase ( hTERT). Furthermore, we examined whether TNF- α modulates bone resorption-related genes, IL-6 and MMP-9 in cooperation with TGF- β or IFN- γ. Materials and methods Following transfection of an hTERT expression vector into AM cells using a non-viral method, the effects of cytokines on the expressions of IL-6 and MMP-9 mRNA were examined using real-time PCR. TNF- α-induced NF- κB activity was examined by western blotting and transcription factor assays. Results AMB cells continued to grow for more than 100 population doublings. Stimulation with TNF- α increased IL-6 and MMP-9 mRNA expressions, as well as NF- κB activation. Furthermore, TGF- β and IFN- γ dramatically increased TNF- α-mediated expressions of MMP-9 and IL-6 mRNA, respectively, while those responses were suppressed by NF- κB inhibitor. Conclusion We established an immortalized AM cell line by hTERT transfection. TNF- α-mediated regulation of MMP-9 and IL-6 via NF- κB may play an important role in the pathological behaviour of AMs, such as bone resorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A single case study showing that identifying nuclear positivity for a monoclonal antibody, OCT14, in large atypical cells in cerebrospinal fluid can be used to diagnose spinal dissemination of an intracranial germinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large number of studies have reported the findings for masticatory efficiency tests; however, some objective masticatory efficiency tests have a drawback, in that subjects are required to spit out the test material. This study examined the possibility of a masticatory efficiency test that evaluates the intensity of odours released when chewing an odour compound-containing material. A total of 20 volunteers were used in this study. The odour intensity in the breath after chewing a gum was measured by portable odour sensor device. The odour intensity after chewing the gum was measured over four chewing durations and at four intervals between spitting out and measurement of the odour intensity. The volume of stimulated saliva was measured by calculating the difference in the weight of the gauze before and after chewing to examine the effect of saliva flow. With an increase in chewing duration, odour intensity reduced. The odour intensity was the highest immediately after chewing. There was a positive correlation between odour intensity and gummy jelly-related masticatory efficiency test value (G- METV), which was significant for 10-s chewing. The regression equation was calculated from three objective variables of odour intensity and G- METV as dependent variable. Pearson's correlation coefficient between G- METV and the odour intensity-related masticatory efficiency value (O- METV) was 0·68. The coefficient of variation of O- METV was significantly lower than that of G- METV. These results suggest that the masticatory performance can be estimated by measuring the odour intensity immediately after chewing food containing odour compounds for 10 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of 70-year-old man with a 20-year history of psoriasis. The PAI-04 photoacoustic imaging system has detected abnormal morphology of the vasculature and improvement of oxygenation after ixekizumab treatment in a psoriatic patient. The authors suspect that the improvement in oxygenation is the reflection of reduced oxygen uptake at the peripheral tissue level.

Black triangles indicate the regions of lymphocytes infiltration site. gl Second patient is a 67-year-old patient diagnosed with melanoma on his left heel (pT4bN2aM0 Stage IIIB, AJCC 2009). Although it is essential to accumulate more cases to draw conclusions, we hypothesize that long-term, LOW-dose regimen of nivolumab may have caused subclinical autoimmunity and made more likely to develop irAEs when the patients were changed to a HIGH-dose regimen. In 2020, a new dosage regimen of 480 mg/body of nivolumab every four weeks (HIGH-dose regimen) was approved in Japan. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents a case study of a 52-year-old female presented with a lump growing in the breast for which the histopathology was shown to be a malignant tumor. It talks about lumpectomy and computed tomography being conducted to determine the nature of the lump. It tells about the possibility of the lump being sarcoma in nature. It speaks about the patient being treated with radiotherapy for the malignant tumor.

The article discusses the diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) through 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computer tomography (FDG PET-CT). Topics discussed include the effect of doses on the proliferative of metabolic activity, GLUT-1 staining of tumour cells, and immunohistopathological studies of the patients.

Objective Itraconazole (ICZ) has a broad spectrum of antifungal activity including a wide range of Candida spp. TNF-α, an inflammatory cytokine associated with Th1-mediated oral inflammatory disease, enhances inflammatory mediators, such as CXCR3-agonistic chemokines including CXCL10. We examined the anti-inflammatory potential of ICZ against TNF-α-induced chemokines in oral fibroblasts. Materials and methods We investigated the effects of ICZ on mRNA expressions of various TNF-α-induced chemokines in immortalized oral keratinocytes (RT7) and oral fibroblasts (GT1) using quantitative PCR analysis. Subsequently, the effects of ICZ and fluconazole (FLZ) on TNF-α-induced CXCL10 proteins in GT1 and primary fibroblasts were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The effect of ICZ on signal transduction protein phosphorylation involved in CXCL10 production from TNF-α-stimulated GT1 was examined by western blotting. Results ICZ inhibited TNF-α-induced CXCL10 mRNA in GT1, but not RT7. Although ICZ did not affect TNF-α-induced IL-8 mRNA, the mRNAs of TNF-α-induced CXCR3-agonistic chemokines such as CXCL9 and CXCL11 were inhibited by ICZ in GT1. TNF-α-induced CXCL10 protein production in GT1 and primary fibroblasts was inhibited by ICZ, but not FLZ. Finally, ICZ inhibited TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of c-JUN, which is related to CXCL10 production by TNF-α-stimulated GT1. Conclusion ICZ may be useful as therapy for Th1-mediated oral inflammatory disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) is the third most abundant protein in red blood cells (RBCs). In this study, we have succeeded in implementing the rapid and simultaneous detection of the hyperoxidized (Prx2‐SO2/3) and reduced (Prx2‐SH) forms of Prx2 in human RBCs using reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. The detection of a peak corresponding to Prx2‐SO2/3 was clearly observed following treatment of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (t‐BHP), but not H2O2, and was found to be dose‐dependent. The identity of the peak was confirmed as Prx2 by immunoblotting and mass spectrometry analysis. Our results suggest that t‐BHP hyperoxidizes cysteine residues in Prx2 more readily than H2O2, and that accumulation of hyperoxidized Prx2 might reflect disruption of redox homeostasis in RBCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a thermo-sensitive stretch-activated cation channel, is expressed in the skin stratified squamous epithelium, contributing to the acquisition of barrier function. Similarly, functional TRPV4 may be located in the stratified squamous epithelial lining of the esophagus, being involved in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Here we investigated the expression of TRPV4 in the mouse esophageal epithelium. Methods TRPV4 expression at the mRNA and protein levels was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. A calcium imaging technique and ATP assay were used to evaluate the functionality of TRPV4 in freshly isolated esophageal epithelial cells. Key Results Transcripts and proteins encoding TRPV4 were colocalized in the basal and intermediate layers of the esophageal epithelium. Both 4α-phorbol 12,13- didecanoate (4α-PDD), a selective agonist for TRPV4, and hypo-osmolar solution (160 mOsm) elevated the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in a subset of the isolated cells (70%). These [Ca2+]i increases were potently inhibited by ruthenium red (RuR), a TRPV4 channel antagonist, and were suppressed by extracellular protons (pH 5.0). Finally, application of 4α-PDD evoked ATP release in primary esophageal epithelial cells. Conclusions & Inferences Acid-sensitive TRPV4 channels were mainly expressed in the esophageal epithelial cells of the basal and intermediate layers. Direct exposure of TRPV4-expressing cells to gastric acid, as would occur in cases of GERD, could influence their cellular functions, possibly aggravating the disease state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripherally secreted arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays a role in controlling body fluid homeostasis, and central endogenous AVP acts as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator. The limbic system, which appears to exert an inhibitory effect on the endocrine hypothalamus, is also innervated by fibres that contain AVP. We examined whether central endogenous AVP is also involved in the control of body fluid homeostasis. To explore this possibility, we examined neuronal activity in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), periventricular parts of the PVN and limbic brain areas, as well as AVP mRNA expression in the PVN and the peripheral secretion of AVP after central salt-loading in rats that had been pretreated i.c.v. with the AVP V1 receptor antagonist OPC-21268. Neuronal activity in the PVN evaluated in terms of Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI), especially in the parvocellular subdivisions, was suppressed. On the other hand, FLI was enhanced in the lateral septum, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the anterior hypothalamic area. Similarly, AVP mRNA expression was enhanced in the magnocellular subnucleus of the PVN, despite the lack of a significant difference in the peripheral AVP level between OPC-21268- and vehicle-pretreated groups. We recorded renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) as sympathetic nerve outflow during central salt-loading. The suppression of RSNA was significantly attenuated by i.c.v. pretreatment with OPC-21268. These results suggest that the suppression of RSNA during central salt-loading might be the result of a decrease in neuronal activity in the parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN via the inhibitory action of central endogenous AVP. The parvocellular and magnocellular neurones in the PVN might show different responses to central salt-loading to maintain body fluid homeostasis as a result of the modulatory role of central endogenous AVP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although condensed aromatic components are considered to be one of the major structural units of soil humic acids (HAs) and to be responsible for the dark colour of HAs, their amount and composition remain largely unknown. In ruthenium tetroxide oxidation (RTO), condensed aromatic components are detectable as their degradation products, mainly benzenepolycarboxylic acids (BPCAs). We applied this technique to soil HAs with various degrees of humification (darkening). The yields of water- and dichloromethane-soluble products from HAs upon RTO after methylation ranged from 210 to 430 mg g−1 and 10–40 mg g−1, respectively. Eight kinds of BPCAs with two to six carboxyl groups, and seven kinds of BPCAs with additional side chains (tentative assignment) were obtained as methylated counterparts. The yield of each BPCA and the sum of the yields of BPCAs (12–85 mg g−1 HAs) increased with increasing degree of humification and aromatic C content. The compositions of BPCAs indicated that the degree of condensation was greater in the HAs with greater degrees of humification. The sum of the yields of aliphatic compounds ranged from 0.1 to 6.5 mg g−1, and decreased with increasing degree of humification. The C12 to C30 monocarboxylic acid methyl esters accounted for > 56% of the aliphatic compounds assigned, which may be present mainly as end alkyl groups in the HA molecules. We also obtained the methylated counterparts of C14 to C24 dicarboxylic acids; these were possibly derived from polymethylene bridges between adjacent aromatic rings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: JTP-426467 was identified as a result of screening in search of selective antagonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). We examined whether JTP-426467 functioned as a PPARγ antagonist in vitro and in vivo and investigated physiological effects of JTP-426467. Methods: The effect of JTP-426467 as a PPARγ antagonist was studied in a cell-based reporter assay and an adipocyte differentiation assay. Target mRNA expression levels were determined by branched DNA (bDNA) assay. To examine the effects as a PPARγ antagonist in vivo, a competitive study between JTP-426467 and BRL49653 (rosiglitazone), a PPARγ agonist, was performed using KK-Ay mice. The effects of JTP-426467 alone after administration to KK-Ay mice were also explored. Results: JTP-426467 antagonized PPARγ activity in a reporter assay system, but not PPARα. JTP-426467 inhibited the expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) mRNA, an adipocyte-abundant gene, but not PPARγ itself or cyclophilin mRNA (as constitutive mRNA), and also suppressed triglyceride accumulation in differentiated stromal vascular fraction cells (SVFs). JTP-426467 antagonized PPARγ agonistic action by BRL49653 in KK-Ay mice on high-fat diet, in terms of plasma glucose, body weight gain and interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) weight. JTP-426467 alone inhibited body weight gain and decreased plasma leptin level in KK-Ay mice. Conclusions: JTP-426467 acted as a pure and potent PPARγ antagonist in vitro. Interestingly, JTP-426467 completely antagonized the effects of PPARγ agonist BRL49653 in an obese diabetic model. JTP-426467 may be a useful tool for the study of PPARγ in biological and physiological function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra)-deficient mice on a BALB/c background spontaneously develop a chronic inflammatory polyarthropathy closely resembling that of rheumatoid arthritis in humans. To elucidate the role of CD28 costimulatory signals in the development of this disease, we studied IL-1Ra/CD28-double-deficient mice. METHODS: We crossed IL-1Ra-deficient mice with CD28-deficient mice and observed the incidence and severity of arthritis. To investigate functions of IL-1Ra/CD28-double-deficient T cells, cells were stimulated with CD3 monoclonal antibody or allogeneic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and their proliferative responses and levels of cytokine production were measured. RESULTS: Disease severity was lower in IL-1Ra/CD28-double-deficient mice than in mice that were deficient only in IL-1Ra, although incidence of arthritis was not affected by the presence or absence of CD28. When pathogenic IL-1Ra-KO T cells were transferred into nude mice, severe arthritis developed. Even though T cells from double-deficient mice showed the same diminished proliferative capacity as was seen in T cells from CD28-single-deficient animals, nude mice into which double-deficient T cells were transferred never developed arthritis. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that IL-1Ra/CD28-double-deficient T cells can be activated by IL-1Ra-deficient activated APCs, resulting in induction of arthritis; however, these T cells did not induce the disease under normal conditions, because they did not differentiate into effector/memory phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

μ-Conotoxin GIIIA, a peptide toxin from the cone snail, blocks muscle-type sodium channels. Thr-5 of μ-conotoxin GIIIA, located on the opposite side of the active site in the globular molecule, was replaced by Cys to which the bulky tags were attached. The tagged μ-conotoxin GIIIA derivatives, except for the phospholipid-tagged one, exerted the biological activity with a potency slightly weaker than natural μ-conotoxin GIIIA. When the biotinylated tags of various lengths were added, the presence of avidin suppressed the action of the biotinylated toxins of <4 nm, but not with 5 nm. The bulky biotinylated tags are useful as a caliper to measure the depth of receptor sites in the channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debate exists over whether CD7 expression indicates an unfavourable prognosis in de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Meanwhile, the type of cytogenetics is a strong prognostic factor in AML. We analysed 256 de novo adult AML cases and found that the proportion of CD7+ cases increased stepwise from the cases with favourable cytogenetics to the cases with intermediate and unfavourable cytogenetics (3 out of 69 cases, 51 out of 140 cases and 25 out of 47 cases respectively, P < 0·0001). CD7-positivity adversely affected the survival only in the cases with unfavourable cytogenetics (P < 0·03). We recommend that CD7 expression in AML be interpreted in association with the cytogenetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose the designation ‘sialolipoma’ to establish and characterize a new category of benign lipomatous tumour occurring in salivary glands. Until now, these tumours have not been regarded as a distinct entity in the salivary glands. We evaluated the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of seven sialolipomas among 2051 surgically resected primary salivary gland tumours deposited in our files. The seven patients with sialolipoma were five men and two women, aged 20–75 years (mean: 54.4 years). Five tumours had arisen in the parotid gland, one in the soft palate, and one in the hard palate. The tumours ranged from 10 to 60 mm (mean: 38 mm) in maximum diameter. Histologically, the tumours were characterized by a well circumscribed mass composed of glandular tissue and mature adipose elements. The adipose elements in the tumours arising in the parotid gland were more abundant than those arising in the minor salivary gland. The glandular components consisted of ductal, acinar, basal and myoepithelial cells, and closely resembled the cellular and structural compositions of normal salivary gland tissues. These findings were confirmed by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. These components had no atypia, except for the presence of some minor variations, e.g. ductal ectasia with fibrosis and focal oncocytic metaplasia. In all cases, cell proliferative activity, as assessed by Ki67 (MIB1) immunostaining, was low. From these findings, it is likely that our cases were lipomas with secondary entrapment of the salivary gland elements. No recurrence was seen in all cases after superficial parotidectomy, or after surgical excision in the patients with palatal tumours. We regard sialolipoma as a distinct variant of salivary gland lipoma that can occur in both the major and minor salivary glands. Superficial parotidectomy, or surgical resection in the case of palatal tumours, is an appropriate treatment for this benign tumour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Age-dependent changes in noradrenergic innervations of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and the frontal cortex (FC) have been studied in male F344 rats. The projections from the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) to DG or FC with advancing age (from 7 to 27 months) in rats have been quantified by electrophysiological and immunohistochemical methods. In the electrophysiological study, we observed that the percentage of LC neurons activated antidromically by electrical stimulation (P-index) of DG or FC decreased with age. We found that the percentage of LC neurons showing multiple antidromic latencies (M-index), which suggests axonal branching of individual LC neurons, increased markedly between 15 and 17 months in DG or FC. In DG, the M-index increased steadily between 15 and 24 months. In contrast, the increased M-index in FC was maintained until 24 months. The increased M-index in both targets declined at 27 months. These results suggest that LC neurons give rise to axonal branching following the loss of projections to DG or FC with age. In the immunohistochemical study, the density of dopamine-β-hydroxylase-positive axonal varicosities was measured in molecular, granule cell and polymorphic layers of DG. The density in the polymorphic layer significantly decreased in the earlier stage of ageing (7–19 months), whilst the density in the molecular and granule cell layers decreased in the later stage (27 months). These findings suggested that a layer-specific decline occurred with age in the noradrenergic axon terminals in DG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of 34-year-old woman with right hydrothorax, massive ascites and a large right ovarian tumour. The patient laboratory tests showed an increase in the serum oestradiol and underwent a total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omental biopsy and pelvic lymph node sampling. The patient was diagnosed with ovarian sex cord tumour with annular tubules. The was patients was administered with fine needle aspiration for tumour cells.

Aims: Malignant transformation of Warthin's tumour (WT) is a rare event. We present two cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) arising in WT in the parotid gland. Methods and results Two cases of MEC arising in WT, which were found in 185 cases of WT of the parotid gland, were investigated by light and electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Both cases had largely similar macroscopic and histological features with some differences. Histologically, the tumours consisted mainly of WT with multilayered hyperplastic arrangements of oncocytic cells and focal squamous and goblet cell metaplasia. In the same tumour mass, however, the features of MEC were observed with invasion to adjacent adipose tissue. A transitional zone between WT and MEC was evident. Both patients were alive and well without evidence of recurrence 30 and 34 months after surgery, respectively. Electron microscopy revealed that cyst lining epithelial cells in WTs had abundant mitochondria whereas some of the MEC cells contained numerous tonofilaments and mucinous granules. Immunohistochemically, oncocytic cells of WTs were strongly positive for mitochondria and Salyl-Tn was extensively stained in MECs. The labelling index for Ki67 was obviously higher in the carcinoma cells than the epithelial cells of WT. Conclusions Our cases confirmed the possibility of malignant transformation of the epithelial component in WT to MEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 76-year-old woman presented with an episode of macrohaematuria who was hospitalized for 1 week. She was diagnosed with having a huge mass, involving urinary bladder, uterus and adjacent retroperitoneum. She was pronounced dead on the 15th hospital day due to tumour lysis syndrome. A discussion related to the immunohistochemical studies of the tumour cells with the use of histological and a urine specimen is presented.