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Purpose: To characterize the epidemiology and outcomes of hyphema. Methods: Retrospective case series. Medical records from patients with traumatic and spontaneous hyphema seen at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins, from 2011 through 2017 were evaluated. Aetiology, demographics, clinical characteristics, complications, management and outcomes were ascertained. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), rebleeding and poor outcome (final visual acuity ≤ 20/40) in traumatic hyphema. A safe frequency of follow‐up was retrospectively determined. Results: Traumatic hyphema (n = 152) was more common in males (78%) and adults (55%), with sports/recreational activities being the most frequent cause (40%). Elevated IOP was the most common complication (39%). Rebleeding occurred in seven patients (5%) and was more likely with a higher IOP on presentation (OR:1.1; p = 0.004). Thirty‐seven patients (24%) had a poor outcome, mostly due to traumatic sequelae such as cataract (32%) or posterior segment involvement (30%). A poor outcome was more likely with worse presenting visual acuity (OR: 9.1; p = 0.001), rebleeding (OR: 37.5; p = 0.035) and age > 60 years (OR: 16.0; p = 0.041). Spontaneous hyphema (n = 28) did not have a gender predominance and was more common in adults > 60 years (71%). The most common cause was iris neovascularization (61%). Complications and visual outcomes were worse compared with traumatic hyphema. Conclusions: Traumatic hyphema continues to be common in young males engaging in sports, necessitating increased awareness for preventive eyewear. Older age and rebleeding can lead to poor outcomes. Elevated IOP at presentation predisposes to rebleeding and warrants frequent follow‐up. Otherwise, routine follow‐up at days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 is sufficient for uncomplicated cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Importance It is important to establish reliable outcome measures to detect progression in retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Background: To evaluate progression of RP using multimodal imaging, including spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and microperimetry (MP). Design: Retrospective longitudinal study at a tertiary teaching hospital. Participants: 205 eyes of 106 patients with RP with 1 to 5 y of follow‐up. Methods: Demographics and visual acuity (VA) were recorded, and each modality was graded at baseline and every annual follow‐up. SD‐OCT was graded for the width of ellipsoid zone (EZ), FAF was graded for the diameter and area of the hyperautofluorescent ring (if present), and MP was graded for mean, central and paracentral sensitivity. Spearman's correlation was used to measure correlations at baseline. Mixed effects models were used to estimate the annual change of each parameter, adjusted for disease duration. Main Outcome Measures: Rate of progression. Results: The median VA at baseline was 75 letters and was positively correlated with mean and central sensitivity (r: 0.372 and 0.394; P = 0.01 for both). All parameters (except paracentral sensitivity) were strongly correlated with each other (r: 0.673‐0.991; P < 0.001 for all). The annual rates of change for each parameter were as follows: VA, −2.3 letters (P < 0.001); EZ, −151 μm (P < 0.001); ring diameter, −132 μm (P < 0.001); ring area, −0.4 mm2 (P < 0.001); mean sensitivity, −0.3 dB (P < 0.001); central sensitivity, −0.7 dB (P < 0.001); paracentral sensitivity, −0.4 dB (P < 0.001). Conclusions and Relevance: Structural and functional measures are well correlated in RP and can reliably measure disease progression within the course of a year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]