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Resumen: La obesidad infantil en Latinoamérica y en las poblaciones latinas de Estados Unidos es un problema de salud pública complejo y persistente y, como tal, requiere soluciones basadas en la teoría y los métodos de la ciencia de sistemas. En este artículo presentamos un marco conceptual orientado a la acción para diseñar, implementar, evaluar y mantener cambios sistémicos comunitarios con el fin de prevenir la obesidad infantil en Latinoamérica y en las poblaciones latinas de Estados Unidos. Las acciones de nuestro marco conceptual comprenden seis etapas: (1) promover la formación de un equipo multisectorial; (2) mapear el sistema, el contexto y los impulsores; (3) concebir cambios sistémicos; (4) realizar cambios sistémicos; (5) monitorear, aprender y adaptar; (6) escalar y mantener. También proponemos diez principios que colocan los derechos humanos y ambientales y el pensamiento sistémico en el centro de estas soluciones que afectan al conjunto del sistema. A cada etapa de acción le corresponde una lista de actividades, métodos, enfoques y ejemplos concretos que pueden utilizarse como guía y base del trabajo que hay que realizar para alcanzar los resultados esperados. Por último, presentamos cómo ampliar y mantener el uso de la ciencia de sistemas para prevenir la obesidad infantil en Latinoamérica y en las poblaciones latinas de Estados Unidos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Summary: Childhood obesity in US Latinx and Latin American populations is a persistent, complex public health issue and, as such, requires solutions grounded on systems science theory and methods. In this paper, we introduce an action‐oriented framework to design, implement, evaluate, and sustain whole‐of‐community systems changes for childhood obesity prevention in US Latinx and Latin American populations. Our framework covers six action steps: (1) foster multisectoral team; (2) map the system, its context, and drivers; (3) envision system‐wide changes; (4) effect system‐wide changes; (5) monitor, learn, and adapt; and (6) scale and sustain. We also propose 10 principles that put human and environmental rights and systems thinking at the center of these systems‐based solutions. For each action step, we provide a list of concrete activities, methods, approaches, and examples that can be used to guide and inform the work needed to achieve the expected outputs. Finally, we discuss how a wider adoption of systems science for childhood obesity prevention among US Latinx and Latin American populations can be encouraged and sustained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: To prevent obesity among Latino youth in the United States and Latin America, it is necessary to understand the specific context and interplay of physical activity (PA) and the built environment (BE). This paper aims to advance the research agenda of BE and PA for obesity prevention in Latin America and among Latino youth in the United States by (1) identifying environmental indicators to inform the design of interventions and policy, (2) identifying interdisciplinary methodological approaches for the study of the complex association between BE and PA, and (3) presenting case studies of PA‐promoting BE programs. A group of U.S. and Latin American scientists collaboratively worked to propose innovative indicators of the BE, methodological approaches for the study of the complex association between BE and PA, and review case studies of PA‐promoting BE programs in both regions. The results identified gaps in knowledge, proposed environmental indicators (e.g., landscape, street design, mobility patterns, and crime and safety), reviewed methodological approaches (social network analysis, citizen science methods), and case studies illustrating PA‐promoting BE programs (i.e., play streets, active school transport, and school setting interventions). The obesity prevention among Latino and Latin American youth requires advanced research on BE and PA addressing context‐specific priorities and exchanging lessons learned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]