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Aims: The objective of this research is to develop an effective cardiovascular disease prediction framework using machine learning techniques and to achieve high accuracy for the prediction of cardiovascular disease. Methods: In this paper, we have utilized machine learning algorithms to predict cardiovascular disease on the basis of symptoms such as chest pain, age and blood pressure. This study incorporated five distinct datasets: Heart UCI, Stroke, Heart Statlog, Framingham and Coronary Heart dataset obtained from online sources. For the implementation of the framework, RapidMiner tool was used. The three‐step approach includes pre‐processing of the dataset, applying feature selection method on pre‐processed dataset and then applying classification methods for prediction of results. We addressed missing values by replacing them with mean, and class imbalance was handled using sample bootstrapping. Various machine learning classifiers were applied out of which random forest with AdaBoost dataset using 10‐fold cross‐validation provided the high accuracy. Results: The proposed model provides the highest accuracy of 99.48% on Heart Statlog, 93.90% on Heart UCI, 96.25% on Stroke dataset, 86% on Framingham dataset and 78.36% on Coronary heart disease dataset, respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results of the study have shown remarkable potential of the proposed framework. By handling imbalance and missing values, a significantly accurate framework has been established that could effectively contribute to the prediction of cardiovascular disease at early stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering oxygen vacancies (Vo) in metal–organic framework (MOF) is considered as an effective strategy to improve the hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) performance. However, the role of Vo and the metal sites for HzOR is still not fully understood. Herein, this study reports the synthesis of a well‐defined bimetallic VO‐rich benzene dicarboxylic acid‐based MOF (NiIr0.03‐BDC) as a model to clarify the intricate catalytic mechanism. Operando characterizations demonstrate that the Vo‐rich environment favors the adsorption of OH− on the catalyst surface during the HzOR process, leading to the formation of Ni(OH)x active species. Theoretical calculations reveal that the introduced Ir at metal nodes not only boosts the HzOR activity of the Ni sites by tuning their electronic structure but also serves as the active sites for hydrogen evolution. As a result, the two‐electrode electrolyzer with NiIr0.03‐BDC || NiIr0.03‐BDC configuration achieved 10 mA cm−2 at an ultralow cell voltage of 0.046 V. This work provides new insights into oxygen vacancy defect engineering of MOFs and paves a solid step for low‐energy consumption hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the mineralogy of the Martian mantle is essential for constructing geochemical and geophysical models of Mars. This study employs the pMELTS program to determine the mineralogy at the solidus from 11 published bulk silicate Mars (BSM) compositions, within a pressure range of 2–5 GPa. The pMELTS results align with experimental data and calculations from another thermodynamic program (Perple_X/stx11). Mineral modes from compositional models based on Martian meteorite geochemistry show relatively consistent abundances modes (olivine: 48–56 wt%, orthopyroxene: 20–25 wt%, clinopyroxene: 15–17 wt%, garnet: 6–9 wt%). In contrast, mineral modes from compositional models that are not based on Martian meteorite geochemistry exhibit a wider range of olivine and garnet abundances. Additionally, we constrained the mineral modes of the Martian mantle using trace element partitioning and partial melting models. Our calculations indicate that melts derived from mantle sources with a hypothesized garnet content of 5–10 wt% closely match the analyzed compositions of shergottites, validating the garnet mode (6–9 wt%) constrained in our pMELTS calculations. Extracting low‐degree (<4 wt%) melts from a BSM to form depleted Martian mantle (DMM) does not significantly alter the mineralogical modes of solid residues, but it does lead to substantial trace elemental depletion in the DMM. Therefore, enriched, intermediate, and depleted shergottite sources are likely characterized by similar mineral modes yet differ in incompatible element abundances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen has been regarded as a promising alternative to traditional fossil fuels, presenting itself as a viable and environmentally friendly energy choice. The design and fabrication of highly efficient hydrogen storage materials is crucial to the wide utilization of hydrogen‐based technologies. Magnesium‐based nanocrystalline materials have received significant interest in the field of hydrogen storage due to their remarkable hydrogen storage capabilities and release efficiency. This review emphasizes on the most useful techniques including vapor deposition, sol‐gel synthesis, electrochemical deposition, magnetron sputtering, and template‐assisted approaches used for the fabrication of Magnesium‐based nanocrystalline hydrogen storage materials (Mg‐NHSMs), stressing their advantages, limitations, and recent advancements. These cutting‐edge techniques demonstrate their significance in offering useful insights into the performance of Mg‐NHSMs. Further, this review describes various applications of Mg‐NHSMs. In addition, this review highlights the conclusion and future perspectives on the improvement of magnesium based nanocrystalline materials for efficient hydrogen storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A lifelong gluten‐free (GF) diet to manage coeliac disease is recognised to be challenging. This paper comprises two studies: study one aimed to report the opinions of adults with coeliac disease on review provision and explore factors influencing dietary adherence. Study two aimed to report dietetic provision for adults with coeliac disease. Methods: A cross‐sectional online survey was completed by 722 adults with coeliac disease, including validated dietary adherence, health literacy and quality‐of‐life questionnaires. An online and paper survey designed to capture the provision of dietetic services to adults with coeliac disease was completed by 88 dietetic departments within the United Kingdom. Results: Only 26% of adults with coeliac disease were offered annual reviews. In contrast, 85% considered reviews important, with 62% preferring dietetic provision. Those who considered reviews important had lower health literacy, greater dietary burden, poorer GF dietary adherence and lower GF food knowledge (all p < 0.05) compared with those who did not consider reviews important. GF dietary adherence was associated with health literacy, self‐regulatory behaviours, dietary burden and GF food knowledge; 53% agreed with the 'cost of GF food restricts what I eat'; they had poorer GF dietary adherence compared with those who disagreed (p < 0.001). More than 72% of dietetic coeliac review provision provided content on improving access to GF foods and eating out of the home. Conclusions: A subpopulation of adults with coeliac disease have a greater need for support and guidance, which supports the viewpoint that limited resources should be targeted towards patients with the most need for support to enable successful disease management. Key points: The majority of adults with coeliac disease were not receiving healthcare reviews for coeliac disease, whereas 85% would like to have reviews.Adults living with coeliac disease who had lower health literacy, poorer gluten‐free (GF) food knowledge and poorer GF dietary adherence score rated healthcare reviews as important.A varied provision of dietetic services for coeliac disease reviews was evident across the United Kingdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Given the significance of addressing neonatal mortality in pursuing the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal on child health, research focus on this area is crucial. Despite the persistent high rates of neonatal mortality rate (NMR) in Bangladesh, there remains a notable lack of robust evidence addressing inequalities in NMR in the country. Therefore, this study aims to fill the knowledge gap by comprehensively investigating inequalities in NMR in Bangladesh. Methods: The Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) data from 2000 to 2017 were analyzed. The equity stratifiers used to measure the inequalities were wealth status, mother's education, place of residence, and subnational region. Difference (D) and population attributable fraction (PAF) were absolute measures, whereas population attributable risk (PAR) and ratio (R) were relative measures of inequality. Statistical significance was considered by estimating 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each estimate. Results: A declining trend in NMR was found in Bangladesh, from 50.2 in 2000 to 31.9 deaths per 1000 live births in 2017. This study detected significant wealth‐driven (PAF: −20.6, 95% CI: −24.9, −16.3; PAR: −6.6, 95% CI: −7.9, −5.2), education‐related (PAF: −11.6, 95% CI: −13.4, −9.7; PAR: −3.7, 95% CI: −4.3, −3.1), and regional (PAF: −20.6, 95% CI: −27.0, −14.3; PAR: −6.6, 95% CI: −8.6, −4.6) disparities in NMR in all survey points. We also found a significant urban–rural inequality from 2000 to 2014, except in 2017. Both absolute and relative inequalities in NMR were observed; however, these inequalities decreased over time. Conclusion: Significant variations in NMR across subgroups in Bangladesh highlight the need for comprehensive, and targeted interventions. Empowering women through improved access to economic resources and education may help address disparities in NMR in Bangladesh. Future research and policies should focus on developing strategies to address these disparities and promote equitable health outcomes for all newborns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and depression and anxiety has been reported in the literature. The aim of this meta‐analysis is to investigate the association of H. pylori infection with depression and anxiety. Methods. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Chinese databases for observational studies that reported the incidence or prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with H. pylori infection. We conducted meta‐analysis with a random‐effects model. Results. A total of twelve studies were included in this meta‐analysis. Significant and positive association was found for H. pylori infection with anxiety (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.83–3.39), but not depression (OR 1.40, 95% CI 0.75–2.58). Subgroup analysis from study design noted a significant positive association between H. pylori infection and anxiety (case‐control and cross‐sectional study, OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.65–3.38; cohort study, RR 1.72, 95% CI 1.28–2.32). The similar trend among studies used the Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.78–3.32) and other questionnaires (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.50–3.87) have been observed. However, subgroup analysis of the association between H. pylori infection and depression yields different results. Subgroup analysis from cohort studies noted a significant association between H. pylori infection and depression (RR 1.99, 95% CI 1.33–2.99), but not case‐control and cross‐sectional studies (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.59–2.46). A significant positive association has been observed among studies used the Self‐Rating Depression Scale (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.11–3.70), as opposed to studies using other questionnaires (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.31–3.44). Conclusion. This meta‐analysis provide the support that a significant positive association between H. pylori infection and anxiety disorders. However, the association between H. pylori infection and depression appears to be insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, tellurium‐doped and undoped metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) (ZnO, Mn3O4, SnO2) are compared, and a practical method for their synthesis is presented. Nanocomposites were created using the coprecipitation process, and comparisons between the three material categories under study were made using a range of characterization methods. The produced materials were subjected to structural, morphological, elemental composition, and functional group analyses using XRD, FESEM in combination with EDS, and FTIR. The optical characteristics in terms of cutoff wavelength were evaluated using UV–visible spectroscopy. Catalyzing the breakdown of methylene blue (MB) dye, the isolated nanocomposites demonstrated very consistent behavior when utilized as catalysts. Regarding both doped and undoped ZnO NPs, the maximum percentage of degradation was found to be 98% when exposed to solar Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which stand for gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria, respectively, and were chosen as model strains for both groups using the disk diffusion technique in the context of in vitro antibacterial testing. Doped and undoped ZnO NPs exhibited greater antibacterial efficacy, with significant inhibition zones measuring 31.5 and 37.8 mm, compared with other metal oxide NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue, a mosquito‐borne viral disease, poses a significant public health challenge in Pakistan, with a significant outbreak in 2023, prompting our investigation into the serotype and genomic diversity of the dengue virus (DENV). NS‐1 positive blood samples from 153 patients were referred to the National Institute of Health, Pakistan, between July and October 2023. Among these, 98 (64.1%) tested positive using multiplex real‐time PCR, with higher prevalence among males (65.8%) and individuals aged 31‐40. Serotyping revealed DENV‐1 as the predominant serotype (84.7%), followed by DENV‐2 (15.3%). Whole‐genome sequencing of 18 samples (DENV‐1 = 17, DENV‐2 = 01) showed that DENV‐1 (genotype III) samples were closely related (>99%) to Pakistan outbreak samples (2022), and approx. > 98% with USA (2022), Singapore and China (2016), Bangladesh (2017), and Pakistan (2019). The DENV‐2 sequence (cosmopolitan genotype; clade IVA) shared genetic similarity with Pakistan outbreak sequences (2022), approx. > 99% with China and Singapore (2018−2019) and showed divergence from Pakistan sequences (2008−2013). No coinfection with dengue serotypes or other viruses were observed. Comparisons with previous DENV‐1 sequences highlighted genetic variations affecting viral replication efficiency (NS2B:K55R) and infectivity (E:M272T). These findings contribute to dengue epidemiology understanding and underscore the importance of ongoing genomic surveillance for future outbreak responses in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have frequently emphasized the accumulation based on the primary drivers of Pakistan's economy, such as physical and human capital; few of them focused on the environmental aspects of energy. This study pays attention to the addition of fundamental natural capital (environmental pollution) and the intake of energy into the economic analysis by using the function of Cobb–Douglas production. Additionally, the effective role of government has been analyzed in this article in terms of direct and indirect market participations. In order to ascertain the long‐term and short‐term correlations, this research used auto‐regressive distributive lag (ARDL) using the co‐integration equation and ARDL bound testing. Then, we break down Pakistan's economic growth using its long‐term growth accounting equation and assess the dynamic results of decomposition. Moreover, using a vector auto regression model, this article examines the temporary alterations in Pakistan's economic development. But on the other side, Pakistan's treasures have the power to be unleashed as resource‐deciding engines of Pakistan's economic growth, including physical investment, consumption of energy, ecological degradation, menpower, and total factor productivity (TFP). The proportion of environmental loss to economic growth shift is lower for input components, while the allocation of physical investment into financial development transition is the biggest. Entire factor efficiency's contribution to financial development has changed, indicating that TFP has a substantial influence on financial development. Promoting continuous improvements in Pakistan's total factor production is essential for the country's long‐term viability. The high sustainability of Pakistan is similarly endangered through mounting energy use and an unmaintainable energy framework that chiefly depends on coal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the biogas production of chicken manure (CM) co‐digestion with different types of household waste (soft organic [SO] and food waste [FW]), as well as to evaluate the bacterial load of feeding stock and digested slurry samples before and after anaerobic digestion (AD). The experiment was carried out using lab‐based prototype digesters for co‐digestion of CM with different household wastes (5%). Three experimental groups (T1, T2, and T3) were designed using mixing ratios of SO:CM:H2O:inoculum (5:22.5:22.5:50), FW:CM:H2O:inoculum (5:22.5:22.5:50), and (SO + FW):CM:H2O:inoculum (2.5 + 2.5:22.5:22.5:50). The digesters were set at 28–34°C for 30 days for hydraulic retention time (HRT). Total viable count (TVC), Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. counts were determined using the spread plate technique. Results: The study revealed that the highest average cumulative biogas yield was achieved from T1 > T3 > T2, but the concentration of CH4 was found in T3 > T2 > T1. The biogas production between the three groups was statistically nonsignificant (p > 0.05) but the daily concentration of CH4 was found statistically significant (p < 0.05). The average concentration of CH4 and CO2 in biogas was found to be 30% and 68% for T1, 60% and 37% for T2, and 69% and 27% for T3. However, the H2S content was within the acceptable range. The bacterial load was decreased by 2–3 logs before and after AD, and this reduction was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The research found that the co‐digestion of CM with combined household wastes increased the methane concentration in biogas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas sensors are crucial in environmental monitoring, industrial safety, and medical diagnostics. Due to the rising demand for precise and reliable gas detection, there is a rising demand for cutting‐edge gas sensors that possess exceptional sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. Due to their tunable electrical properties, high‐density surface‐active sites, and significant surface‐to‐volume ratio, nanomaterials have been extensively investigated in this regard. The traditional gas sensors utilize homogeneous material for sensing where the adsorbed surface oxygen species play a vital role in their sensing activity. However, their performance for selective gas sensing is still unsatisfactory because the employed high temperature leads to the poor stability. The heterostructures nanomaterials can easily tune sensing performance and their different energy band structures, work functions, charge carrier concentration and polarity, and interfacial band alignments can be precisely designed for high‐performance selective gas sensing at low temperature. In this review article, we discuss in detail the fundamentals of semiconductor gas sensing along with their mechanisms. Further, we highlight the existed challenges in semiconductor gas sensing. In addition, we review the recent advancements in semiconductor gas sensor design for applications from different perspective. Finally, the conclusion and future perspectives for improvement of the gas sensing performance are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine whether Naoxintong capsules may enhance wound healing and reduce postoperative complications in individuals having craniotomies. A total of 120 patients at Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, participated in this clinical perspective study conducted from April 2022 to June 2023. Participants were divided into treatment group (n = 60), receiving standard care plus Naoxintong capsules and control group (n = 60), receiving standard care only. Primary outcomes included the rate of wound healing, while secondary outcomes encompassed postoperative complications and patient‐reported outcomes on pain and quality of life. The treatment group exhibited significantly enhanced wound healing rate than the control at Day 7 (40.33 vs. 25.67%, p < 0.05), Day 14 (75.17 vs. 50.83%, p < 0.05) and Day 28 (94.83 vs. 79.50%, p < 0.05). Postoperative complications were markedly reduced in the treatment group, with lower rates of infection (p < 0.05), wound dehiscence (p < 0.05) and cerebrospinal fluid leakage (p < 0.05). Furthermore, patient‐reported outcomes significantly favoured the treatment group, with reduced pain scores and improved quality of life at 4 weeks post‐surgery(p < 0.05). Naoxintong capsules thus significantly enhanced the wound healing and reduced postoperative complications, contributing to improved patient‐reported outcomes in post‐craniotomy patients. These findings advocated for the integration of Naoxintong in postoperative care, highlighting the potential of traditional Chinese medicine in modern surgical recovery protocols. Further studies with larger cohorts are recommended to validate these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the phenomenon of populism is in the preliminary stages of exploratory research, the present study involves an empirical investigation involving a case study of the United States, India, and Brazil to examine whether a correlation exists between populism and management of COVID‐19. The study adopts the ideational approach of populism as a set of ideas or discourse to review how core conceptual features of populism have impacted on management of COVID‐19. The study has two main objectives: (1) to examine whether populism in the United States, India, and Brazil has determined "a populist response" to the pandemic in dealing with the health crises and (2) to explore the management of COVID‐19 in the states led by right‐wing populism and the commonality of populist approaches adopted in handling the health crisis. Comparing the three states' statistical data of management models, the study has argued that common populist mechanisms such as distrust for experts, contempt for institutions, and suspicion of "others" have guided the US, India, and Brazilian leadership response to COVID‐19. It further argues that leadership in the United States, India, and Brazil has prevented effective management by politicizing the crisis, aggravating social polarization, and contradicting expert advice. Moreover, populist and nationalist orientation of the leadership has evaded responsibility in these states with the leadership blaming ethnicities for spreading the virus and by weakening societal solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs), specifically Te‐doped SnO2 NPs, using a simple and economical co‐precipitation technique has been thoroughly described in this work. NH3 served as the reducing agent in this procedure, whilst polyethylene glycol served as the capping agent. The primary goals of our work were to investigate the physicochemical properties of the synthesized SnO2 NPs and assess their potential use as antibacterial agents and photocatalysts. Scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray, ultraviolet light, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and other analytical techniques were used to thoroughly analyze the NPs. Based on the full width at half maximum of the most noticeable peaks in the XRD spectrum, the Debye–Scherrer equation was used to calculate the crystallite sizes, which indicated the presence of a single tetragonal SnO2 phase. Particularly noteworthy was the exceptional photocatalytic activity of graphene‐assisted Te‐doped SnO2 NPs, achieving an impressive decomposition efficiency of up to 98% in the photo‐oxidation of methylene blue. Furthermore, our investigation delved into the antibacterial attributes of the synthesized SnO2 NPs against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrating inhibitory effects on both bacteria strains. This suggests potential applications for these NPs in various environmental and medical contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Neurogranin (Ng) is considered a biomarker for synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In contrast, the inflammasome complex has been shown to exacerbate AD pathology. METHODS: We investigated the protein expression, morphological differences of Ng, and correlated Ng to hyperphosphorylated tau in the post mortem brains of 17 AD cases and 17 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. In addition, we correlated the Ng expression with two different epitopes of apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC). RESULTS: We show a reduction of Ng immunopositive neurons and morphological differences in AD compared to controls. Ng immunostaining was negatively correlated with neurofibrillary tangles, humanized anti‐ASC (IC100) positive neurons and anti‐ASC positive microglia, in AD. DISCUSSION: The finding of a negative correlation between Ng and ASC speck protein expression in post mortem brains of AD suggests that the activation of inflammasome/ASC speck pathway may play an important role in synaptic degeneration in AD. Highlights: We show the role that neurogranin plays on post‐synaptic signaling in specific hippocampal regions.We demonstrate that there could be clinical implications of using neurogranin as a biomarker for dementia.We describe the loss of plasticity and neuronal scaffolding proteins in the present of AD pathology.We show the response of neuroinflammation when tau proteins phosphorylate in hippocampal neurons.We show that there is a potential therapeutic target for the inflammasome, and future studies may show that IC100, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against ASC, may slow the progression of neurodegeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based networks have been used extensively for biomedical applications and as solid state electrolytes. In this work, a series of PEG networks was prepared using bifunctional PEG of molar mass 400, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 6000 g mol−1 and star shaped PEG (Mn = 1000 g mol−1) cross‐linker using copper‐catalyzed Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition or "click" chemistry. The end‐group modification of the bifunctional polymers and the star shaped cross‐linker with alkyne and azide groups, respectively, was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The coupling reaction between azide and alkyne functionalities for the network formation was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thermal properties of polymer network were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Swelling studies of the networks were performed to correlate the network structure with the physical properties. The molar mass between the cross‐links was determined using the Bray‐Merill modified Flory‐Rehner equation. The effect of molar mass between the cross‐linking points on the strength of the networks was compared. Additionally, the effect of the stoichiometry of the precursors on the network strength was also studied. Finally, thickness‐dependent tensile testing was performed to investigate the stress oscillation phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc (Zn)‐based materials reveal inadequate mechanical properties as orthopedic biodegradable implantable materials, which limits their biomedical applications. Herein, Zn–xMg (magnesium) composites (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt%) reinforced with 0.2 wt% graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) are obtained via powder metallurgy and hot‐pressing sintering. The addition of 0.5–2.0 wt% Mg into Zn–0.2 wt% GNP composite resulted in the formation of Mg2Zn11 and MgZn2 phases without any additional intermetallic carbide phases. The hot‐pressing sintered (HPS) Zn–0.5Mg–0.2GNP composite exhibits a compressive yield strength of 169 ± 18 MPa, an ultimate compressive strength of 270 ± 39 MPa, a compressive strain of 17 ± 6%, and a microhardness of 86 ± 2 HV. Electrochemical corrosion testing reveals that corrosion resistance of HPS Zn–xMg–0.2GNP composites decreases with increasing Mg content, while immersion tests in Hanks' balanced salt solution for 30 d indicate that the degradation rate increases from 0.032 to 0.141 mm y−1 by increasing Mg content from 0 to 2.0 wt%. In vitro cytotoxicity assessments using SaOS2 human osteoblast cells show >90% viability following exposure over 5 d to 12.5% extract concentrations of all HPS composites. The HPS Zn–0.5Mg–0.2GNP composite exhibits the appropriate material properties for biodegradable bone‐implant applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the challenges facing nursing education and practice in Bangladesh despite the country's significant developmental progress since independence. Topics include outdated nursing education infrastructure, the slow evolution of nursing's professional status, and the lack of advanced educational opportunities for nurses, limiting their potential and impact on healthcare.

We describe the novel HLA‐DPB1*01:01:15 allele found in a female African American. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing multiple heterogeneous structures allows for improving the electrocatalytic activity of NiO by incorporating multiple active sites. Unfortunately, the poor conductivity of NiO makes efficient charge transfer within the heterogeneous structures difficult, thereby inhibiting the improvement of its intrinsic activity. Herein, F‐doped NiO/Ni@C heterogeneous catalyst (F‐NiO/Ni@C) is fabricated via a new organic‐inorganic hybrid approach, showing both advanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR) activity. The targeted F‐doping increases electron delocalization, and facilitates electron transfer from Ni to NiO at the nano‐interfaces. This interphase synergy provides ready‐to‐use F‐NiO active sites, allowing F‐NiO/Ni@C to achieve optimum H* adsorption Gibbs free energy for HER and a lower energy barrier for UOR. As a result, the as‐configured F‐NiO/Ni@C || F‐NiO/Ni@C cell requires an ultra‐low cell voltage of 1.37 V to achieve 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline media (with 0.3 M urea), outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art benchmark Pt/C|| RuO2 cell (1.45 V). This study reveals the positive impact of anion doping on interphase synergy and provides useful guidelines for designing monometallic catalysts for UOR as well as hydrogen generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pulp and paper industry is one of the most significant industrial water polluters, generating large volumes of wastewater with high levels of organic pollutants, suspended solids, and other contaminants. Catalytic ozonation has emerged as a promising technique for the treatment of pulp and paper industry wastewater. Numerous reviews have presented the research on catalytic ozonation; however, open literature is missing a bibliometric analysis. Therefore, this article presents a bibliometric analysis of the research available on catalytic ozonation in pulp and paper industry wastewater treatment. A total of 578 documents extracted from the Scopus database have been examined via VOSviewer, MS Excel, and Rstudio to identify the research trends, influential authors, and research institutions in the field. The results reveal that the number of publications on the topic has increased significantly in recent years. This study also identified several influential authors, institutions, and highlighted future research directions in the field. Overall, the study provides insights into the state of research on catalytic ozonation in pulp and paper industry wastewater treatment and could help guide future research efforts in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface of Mars is enriched in Cl and S which is linked to volcanic activity and degassing. Similarly, elevated Ge and Zn levels in Gale crater sedimentary bedrock indicate a magmatic source for these elements. To constrain the relative effects of Cl and S on the outgassing of these trace metals and chemical characteristics of primary magmatic vapor deposits incorporated to Martian surface, we conducted a set of degassing and fumarolic alteration experiments. Ge is found to be more volatile than Zn in all experiments. In S‐bearing runs, the loss of Ge and Zn was less than any other experiments. In Cl‐only runs, degassing of Zn was more than twice that of Ge within the first 10 min and percent loss increased for both elements with increasing time. In Cl + S runs, S‐induced reduction of GeO2 and ZnO to metallic Ge and Zn switches the preference of chloride formation from Zn to Ge. Up to 90% of Ge and Zn loss in the 1‐h no volatile‐added (NVA) experiments might be due to the small amounts of Cl contamination in NVA mixes via other oxides used for synthesis. Alteration experiments show different phases between 1‐h and 24‐/72‐h runs. In 1‐h runs, anhydrite and langbeinite dominate while in 24‐/72‐h runs halite and sylvite dominate the condensate assemblages. S‐bearing phases form as the intermediate products of fumarolic deposition, while chlorides are common when the system is allowed to cool gradually. One‐hour exposure was sufficient to form alteration phases and vapor deposits such as NaCl, KCl, CaSO4, and langbeinites on the Martian analog minerals. These salts were identified in Martian meteorites and in situ measurements. Our results provide evidence that volcanic degassing along with fumarolic alteration could be a potential source for the enrichment and varying abundances of Cl, S, Fe, Zn, Ge in Martian surface, as well as a cause for Ge depletion in shergottites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new analytical innovation is utilized to explore the thin liquid film flow of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluid over an unsteady porous stretching surface. Here magnetic field, thermal radiation, and variable viscosity are taken. The self‐similarity variables have been used to transform the modeled partial differential equations into a set of non‐linear coupled differential equations. These non‐linear differential equations for the velocity and temperature profiles have been tackled through an innovation containing homotopy, auxiliary functions, and convergence control parameters. This method is called the second configuration of the Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method and is denoted by (OHAM‐2). Galerkin's process is chosen for the optimizations of parameters. The achieved coupled equations are also solved numerically (ND‐Solve Method), and the obtained outcomes are compared with the results elaborated by the suggested algorithm. Here the utmost attention is on the rapid convergence of the proposed algorithm and the consequences of various tangible variables on the velocity and temperature profiles. This straightforward algorithm consists of a few steps but gives better outcomes. The technique can be applied to solve partial differential equations and their systems forming in various disciplines. This technique can also solve Integro differential equations. The residuals achieved by the proposed method for the velocity and temperature fields are shown graphically. The errors and residuals are also taught in Table 1 and Table 2. The effects of parameters are inculcated in Table 3 and Table 4. The results are validated with the published work as shown in Table 5. Nomenclature is indicated in the text below. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite several theoretical, structural, and statistical issues reported against Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), most studies in the educational sector of Pakistan use it without analyzing its factor structure. Since culture might change the structure, this first systematic study filled the gap and explored the factor structure of the least researched FFMQ (15 items) among nonmeditator university students in collectivist society Pakistan while employing optimal statistical techniques. We interpreted our results culturally and also conducted a cross‐cultural examination with the Spanish sample. We employed polychoric data to conduct exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The EFA extracted a four‐factor (10 items) solution without the Describe facet and showed good inter‐item correlation. The CFA exhibited a theory‐based two‐factor hierarchical model (self‐regulation, orient to experience) with good fit indices, acceptable factor loadings, correct directions, and strong reliabilities (coefficient H > 0.8). The multivariate analysis showed no difference in mindfulness between males and females, except for Nonreact. The first multigroup CFA (MGCFA) showed metric invariance while examining the polarity of items across gender. In cross‐cultural multivariate analysis, we found no difference in mindfulness between Pakistan and Spanish samples, except for Nonjudge, but the second MGCFA showed metric invariance in the correlated model only. Our data suggest that the two‐factor hierarchical structure, without Describe facet, provides a more parsimonious and culturally accepted structure among nonmeditators in Pakistan. However, due to the independent nature of the two factors, the total score cannot be computed. The FFMQ (15 items) appears individualistic, and including culturally acceptable items will improve its universality. Practitioner points: The Describe facet of FFMQ (15 items) does not appear valid in a collectivist society. Caution may be exercised in any evaluation.The two‐factor hierarchical model is better suited than a single mindfulness factor in a collectivist society.The computation of separate scores for the two higher‐order factors is preferred over the total score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water constitutes ≈70–90% of the organism's body by mass and is highly important for its survival. Water contains a variety of chemical contaminants introduced by various sectors, resulting in contamination that has a direct impact on the ecosystem. Various approaches are in practice to tackle these issues. Among these, semiconductor photocatalysis appears to be the cutting‐edge technology for the degradation of wastewater contaminants. Herein, the fabrication of Fe3O4−SiO2 nanocomposite via facile co‐precipitation and Stober methods are reported. Various characterization techniques are employed for the structural elucidation, morphology, crystallinity, and stability of the as‐prepared composite. The nanocomposite is employed in catalytic and photocatalytic applications toward the removal of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes from a comparative perspective. It is observed that the composite can remove about 93% of MB and 51% of MO within 7 and 6 h, respectively. These findings indicate that the nanocomposite has a higher MB removal effectiveness than the MO. This trend can be accredited to the difference in the chemical structure of both dyes. The nanocomposite is also evaluated for antioxidant and antileishmanial activity, and it is shown to be quite effective even at very low concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that destroys memory and cognitive function. Inflammasome activation has been suggested to play a critical role in the neuroinflammatory response in AD progression, but the cell‐type expression of inflammasome proteins in the brain has not been fully characterized. In this study, we used samples from the hippocampus formation, the subiculum, and the entorhinal cortex brain from 17 donors with low‐level AD pathology and 17 intermediate AD donors to assess the expression of inflammasome proteins. We performed analysis of hippocampal thickness, β‐amyloid plaques, and hyperphosphorylated tau to ascertain the cellular pathological changes that occur between low and intermediate AD pathology. Next, we determined changes in the cells that express the inflammasome sensor proteins NOD‐like receptor proteins (NLRP) 1 and 3, and caspase‐1. In addition, we stained section with IC100, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the inflammasome adaptor protein apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and a commercially available anti‐ASC antibody. Our results indicate that hippocampal cortical thickness did not significantly change between low and intermediate AD pathology, but there was an increase in pTau and β‐amyloid clusters in intermediate AD cases. NLRP3 was identified mainly in microglial populations, whereas NLRP1 was seen in neuronal cytoplasmic regions. There was a significant increase of ASC in neurons labeled by IC100, whereas microglia in the hippocampus and subiculum were labeled with the commercial anti‐ASC antibody. Caspase‐1 was present in the parenchyma in the CA regions where amyloid and pTau were identified. Together, our results indicate increased inflammasome protein expression in the early pathological stages of AD, that IC100 identifies neurons in early stages of AD and that ASC expression correlates with Aβ and pTau in postmortem AD brains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the prevalence of workplace violence and its associated factors among Bangladeshi registered nurses. Background: Workplace violence is prevalent among nurses, particularly in developing countries. However, the issue has never been examined in Bangladeshi nurses. Methods: Between February 26 and July 10, 2021, this cross‐sectional survey involving 1264 registered nurses was conducted. Workplace violence was determined by the Workplace Violence Scale (WVS). A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to find the factors associated with workplace violence. This study complies with the EQUATOR (STROBE) checklist. Results: Of the 1264 nurses, 885 (70%) nurses reported being exposed to workplace violence in the previous year. Three hundred twenty‐four (324; 25.6%) nurses reported physical violence, whereas 902 (71.4%) nurses reported nonphysical violence. According to the multivariable logistic regression model, male nurses, nurses in the Sylhet division, emergency department nurses, nurses working extended hours, and non trained nurses to tackle workplace violence were prone to physical violence. Furthermore, public hospital nurses and non trained nurses to tackle workplace violence were more likely to be exposed to nonphysical violence. Nurses who had not been exposed to workplace violence were satisfied with their current job, but those who had been exposed to workplace violence were dissatisfied and intended to leave their current job. Conclusions and implications for nursing and health policy: High prevalence of workplace violence underscores nurses' current working conditions, which are particularly poor in public hospitals and emergency departments. Moreover, the COVID‐19 pandemic put unprecedented pressure on the whole healthcare system and caused various difficulties for healthcare workers. To develop a zero‐violence practice environment, health authorities should implement policy‐level interventions. Healthcare staff should be guided to deal more successfully with patients and coworkers to create a positive working environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Independently, superior vena cava (SVC) occlusion and inferior vena cava (IVC) occlusion are usually seen in the setting of SVC syndrome and iliocaval venous obstruction (ICVO), respectively. Concomitant occlusion of the SVC and IVC is rare and most commonly seen in the setting of malignancy or other hypercoagulable states. Venous hypertension can lead to the formation of "downhill" varices in the esophagus and can be a rare source of gastrointestinal bleeding. We present a rare case of combined SVC and IVC occlusion and its management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indo‐Burma subduction zone is a highly oblique subduction system where the Indian plate is converging with the Eurasian plate. How strain is partitioned between the Indo‐Burma interface and upper plate Kabaw Fault, and whether the megathrust is a locked and active zone of convergence that can generate great earthquakes are ongoing debates. Here, we use data from a total of 68 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations, including newly installed stations across the Kabaw Fault and compute an updated horizontal and vertical GNSS velocity field. We correct vertical rates for fluctuating seasonal signals by accounting for the elastic response of monsoon water on the crust. We model the geodetic data by inverting for 11,000 planar and non‐planar megathrust fault geometries and two geologically viable structural interpretations of the Kabaw Fault that we construct from field geological data, considering a basin‐scale wedge‐fault and a crustal‐scale reverse fault. We demonstrate that the Indo‐Burma megathrust is locked, converging at a rate of 11.6±5.4 $11.6\pm 5.4$ mm/yr, and capable of hosting >8.2 Mw megathrust events. We also show that the Kabaw Fault is locked and accommodating strike‐slip motion at a rate of 8.4±3.0 $8.4\pm 3.0$ mm/yr and converging at a rate of 5.7±4.1 $5.7\pm 4.1$ mm/yr. Our interpretation of the geological, geophysical, and geodetic datasets indicates the Kabaw Fault is a crustal‐scale structure that actively absorbs a portion of the convergence previously ascribed to the Indo‐Burma megathrust. This reveals a previously unrecognized seismic hazard associated with the Kabaw Fault and slightly reduces the estimated hazard posed by megathrust earthquakes in the region. Plain Language Summary: Subduction zones are plate boundaries where two tectonic plates converge and can generate large earthquake along its main fault, the megathrust. Earthquakes rupture on faults that remain locked and accumulate strain during the interseismic period, the period of time between great earthquakes. The Indo‐Burma subduction zone, where the Indian plate is converging with the Eurasia plate, is home to more than 200 million people. In spite of its enormous population, it is unclear whether the Indo‐Burma subduction zone can generate large megathrust earthquakes. To evaluate its potential to host great earthquakes, we combine new GPS datasets that record plate motion during the interseismic period with geological analysis of the Kabaw Fault, one of the secondary faults in the Indo‐Burma subduction zone. We demonstrate that Indo‐Burma megathrust and Kabaw Fault are locked and can generate significant earthquakes. For the first time, we show that the Kabaw Fault absorbs a portion of the convergence previously ascribed to the Indo‐Burma megathrust which could explain the long repeat time between great earthquakes on the megathrust. Key Points: The Indo‐Burma subduction zone is capable of hosting large megathrust earthquakesthe Kabaw Fault accommodates strike‐slip and convergence motion previously ascribed to the Indo‐Burma megathrustWe reveal a previously unrecognized seismic hazard associated with the Kabaw Fault [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heart of the application's secure operation is its software code. If the code contains flaws, the entire program might be hacked. The issue with software vulnerabilities is that they reveal coding flaws that hackers could exploit. The prevention of cybersecurity issues begins with the program code itself. When writing software code, a software developer must consider expressing the application's architecture and design requirements, keeping the code streamlined and efficient, and ensuring the code is safe. Secure code helps save the system from various cyber‐attacks by eliminating the weaknesses that many hacks rely on. To assist the software organization in Secure Software Coding (SSC), this article proposes a readiness model for SSC, namely SSCRM. The proposed model has five levels; SSC challenges and best practices (BP) are mapped at each level. The proposed model will help the organizations better understand SSC challenges and BPs and provide a roadmap for developing secure software code. The proposed model was evaluated using three case studies. The findings demonstrate that the proposed approach helps determine an organization's SSC level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Pakistan, 74 children out of 1000 lose their lives annually due to diarrheal illness. This commentary addresses the contributing factors aggravating this growing dilemma and the effect of a simultaneous rise in COVID‐19 cases in a healthcare system ready to collapse, along with providing recommendations to alleviate the problems causing this spike in diarrheal cases. Methods: This narrative review has emphasized the causes of the spike in pediatric diarrheal illnesses in Pakistan as well as recommendations offered to lessen the burden by incorporating recent literature (n = 68). Tactics to tackle COVID‐19 alongside diarrheal illnesses were also included. Pakistan was chosen to be assessed due to its high burden of child and infant mortality due to preventable causes. Results: The provision of safe drinking water, the proper use of Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI), adequate awareness of the benefits of breastfeeding, the use of correct rehydration techniques such as Oral Rehydration Therapy, and the crucial implementation of the EPI vaccination schedule can curb this increase in diarrheal cases. Conclusion: The increased prevalence of diarrheal diseases amongst the pediatric population of Pakistan can be attributed largely due to unsanitary drinking water. Emphasis must be put in the provision of safe drinking water. During the first years of life, children can be kept safe from deadly pathogens just by adequate breastfeeding. IMNCI and EPI must also be properly implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on revised recommendations for celiac disease (CD) screening and biopsy including consideration of a serology-based diagnostic approach. Topics include expanded section on skin disorders showing continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-related and insulin pump-related skin issues; and screening for thyroid disease by measurement of TSH, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies.

One significant change in International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9 Financial Instruments is how firms' equity financial assets (EFA) are presented. The default EFA presentation is at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL); however, IFRS 9 allows irrevocable presentation of fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI). Although FVTOCI is the most common presentation for EFA both before and after IFRS 9, there is a significant increase in the use of FVTPL post IFRS 9 via an improvement in disclosure clarity about presentation location. To assess the impact of EFA presentation, we recalculate profitability ratios assuming different presentation locations and find some evidence of significant differences for financial firms. We also provide descriptive evidence that EFA use and presentation behaviour vary between sectors and firm size quartiles. This study expands the literature on EFA accounting and provides a timely response to IFRS 9 post‐implementation review by shedding some light on EFA use and presentation locations under IFRS 9. One significant change in IFRS 9 is how firms. equity financial assets (EFA) are presented. Although FVTOCI is the most common presentation location for EFA before and after IFRS 9, there is significant increase in the use of FVTPL post‐IFRS 9 and improvement in disclosure clarity about presentation location. Any impact on financial ratios is likely restricted to financial firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the night of June 22, 1931 at 4 h 30 min, a fireball was seen in the vicinity of Malotas, Argentina. During the atmospheric trajectory (southwest to northeast), it experienced several fragmentation events. After the fall, a piece was given to Professor Juan A. Olsacher (National University of Córdoba City, Argentina), who collected some further pieces. One of those samples was officially classified as an H5 ordinary chondrite termed Malotas. The present work focuses on the study of another two pieces rediscovered recently in the Museo de Mineralogía y Geología Dr. Alfred Stelzner in Cordoba City, Argentina. The first piece turned out to be an achondritic meteorite termed Malotas (b). Petrographic features, chemical composition, and oxygen isotopes point to a monomict basaltic eucrite belonging to the Stannern‐trend chemical subgroup of eucrites. The occurrence of anorthitic plagioclase veins in clinopyroxene, veinlet apatite, irregular‐shaped pockets of silica and troilite and porous silica signal metasomatism and thermal annealing before a late thermal event took place after brecciation. The latter was possibly recorded in the nominal U/Th‐4He ages of 1.2–3.4 Ga detected in this work, whereas nominal K‐Ar gas retention ages are within the range 3.5–4.2 Ga and may have escaped late thermal modifications. The second piece is classified as an L5 chondrite. The different cosmic ray exposure ages of 3, ~50, and 27 Ma determined for the H5 and L5 chondrites and the eucrite samples, respectively, might signal a common fall as a result of the breakup of a polymict meteoroid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The focus of this research was to assess the biogas production of Chicken Manure (CM) collected from hybrid layer chickens fed non‐commercial (CMNC) and commercial (CMC) feed, as well as to evaluate the bacterial load of feeding stock and digested slurry samples before and after Anaerobic Digestion (AD). The effects of the feedstock and digestion composition of CM on biogas production were measured. The experiment was carried out utilizing lab‐based proto‐type digesters for CM with or without inoculum. For each commercial and non‐commercial feed, four experimental groups (CMNC1, CMNC2, CMC1, and CMC2) were designed using mixing ratios of CM: H2O: inoculum (25:25:50) and CM: H2O (50:50). For Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT), the digesters were set up at ambient temperature (28–34°C) for 30 days. The spread plate technique was used to determine the Total Viable Count (TVC), E. coli, and Salmonella spp. counts. Results: The highest average cumulative biogas yield was achieved from CMC2 > CMNC2 > CMC1 > CMNC1. The biogas production of inoculum added groups were statistically significant (p < 0.01) than the without inoculum groups. The average concentration of CH4 and CO2 in biogas was 49% and 51% for CMNC1, 58% and 42% for CMNC2, 46% and 54% for CMC1, 52% and 42% for CMC2. However, the H2S content was within the acceptable range except for the CMNC2 group. The bacterial load was decreased by 2–3 logs before and after AD, and this reduction was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study concluded that the CM diluted with water and inoculum (25:25:50) ratio was recommended for sustainable biogas production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion of technology in metropolitan centers draws people to cities, which causes excessive traffic on the roadways during peak hours. This exacerbated the traffic situation, resulting in a delay, a loss of resources, and a waste of time. Like any other metropolitan metropolis, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, has everyday traffic congestion during business hours. The current traffic management has made many attempts to ease traffic congestion in cities; despite these measures, the problem has not been solved adequately. To handle this road congestion, there is a need to appropriately store the big data collected by traffic sensors and utilize it for efficient traffic management employing cutting-edge technology. This study provides an architecture for a smart traffic management system that uses modern technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, 5G, and big data to aid conventional traffic management systems and efficiently handle the stated problem. The proposed technique has the potential to reduce traffic congestion significantly. Our proposed solution encourages mobility by using roadside messaging agents to offer real-time traffic information on traffic congestion and unexpected traffic incidents. Citizens will save time by getting these early warning messages, particularly during peak hours. As part of the suggested method, each signal dashboard gets traffic information. A case study is used in the research to evaluate alternative solutions to traffic congestion. The case study results show that the proposed strategy outperforms the present options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical image recognition plays an essential role in the forecasting and early identification of serious diseases in the field of identification. Medical pictures are essential to a patient's health record since they may be used to control, manage, and treat illnesses. On the other hand, image categorization is a difficult problem in diagnostics. This paper provides an enhanced classifier based on the outstanding Feature Selection oriented Clinical Classifier using the Deep Learning (DL) model, which incorporates preprocessing, extraction of features, and classifying. The paper aims to develop an optimum feature extraction model for successful medical imaging categorization. The proposed methodology is based on feature extraction with the pretrained EfficientNetB0 model. The optimum features enhanced the classifier performance and raised the precision, recall, F1 score, accuracy, and detection of medical pictures to improve the effectiveness of the DL classifier. The paper aims to develop an optimum feature extraction model for successful medical imaging categorization. The optimum features enhanced the classifier performance and raised the result parameters for detecting medical pictures to improve the effectiveness of the DL classifier. Experiment findings reveal that our presented approach outperforms and achieves 98% accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isotopic compositions of O, Mo, and Cu in the IIE iron meteorites have indicated a close affinity to the H chondrite group. The diversity of trace element compositions and their abundance of silicate inclusions indicate that IIE iron meteorites were formed in multistage processes. To better constrain the formation of the IIE irons, this study analyzed elemental abundances in the metal of five IIE irons (Elga, Miles, Tobychan, Verkhne Dnieprovsk, and Watson) by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The data are interpreted in terms of a new model of IIE crystallization from the metal fraction of completely molten H chondrite‐like material based on the solid/liquid distribution coefficients of siderophile and chalcophile elements changing simultaneously with changes of S concentrations in the remaining liquid during the crystallization of the Fe,Ni phase in the Fe‐Ni‐S system. The model showed that IIE iron compositions could be produced as solid phases at 40–73 wt% of fractional crystallization of the metal component of a bulk H chondrite‐like metallic melt. We propose that IIE iron metal could have originated from the solidified core of a differentiated body of H chondrite‐like composition and sampled different fractions of that core exposed during a catastrophic disruption of the body. The present structure of metal and silicate inclusions of IIE irons was formed by remelting and metal–silicate mixing during late impact event(s) on the parent body surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achai is a small size cattle breed, resilient to harsh and cold environment. Cryopreservation of Achai bull semen may help to improve its genetics and preserve the germplasm. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) affects the structural and functional integrity of the spermatozoa. During freezing and thawing processes, the ROS make changes in the spermatozoa quality parameters and reduce total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of semen that is considered as marker of oxidative stress. This study was designed to determine the effect of glycine along with vitamin E on post-thawed spermatozoa quality and total antioxidant capacity in Achai cattle. The semen collection was done twice a week from four mature fertile Achai cattle bulls (n = 4). The glycine was utilized as 0 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM, 15 mM, and 20 mM along with vitamin E @ 2.3 mM added constantly in each concentration. The control group contained all extenders except glycine. The results revealed that post-thawed spermatozoa motility was found significantly higher (P < 0.05) at 10 mM as compared to 5 mM, 15 mM, and 20 mM. Compared with control group, glycine concentration at 10 mM and other concentrations increased progressive and fast motility (%), curvilinear, straight line, and average path velocity (μm/s). Moreover, beat cross frequency (Hz) was higher (P < 0.05), and post-thaw viability (%), plasma membrane integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential were significantly higher (P < 0.05) at 10 mM of glycine concentration in comparison to control and other glycine concentrations. Besides, acrosome integrity (%) and DNA integrity (%) as well as post-thawed T-AOC were also significantly higher (P < 0.05) at 10 mM of glycine concentration as compared to other glycine concentrations and control group. It is concluded that 10 mM of glycine along with vitamin E @ 2.3 mM improved cryopreserved semen quality of Achai bull. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanowire‐motors (NW−Ms) are promoting the rapid development of emerging biomedicine and environmental governance, and are an important branch of micro‐nano motors in the development of nanotechnology. In recent years, huge research breakthroughs have been made in these fields in terms of the fascinating microstructure, conversion efficiency and practical applications of NW−Ms. This review article introduces the latest milestones in NW−Ms research, from production methods, driving mechanisms, control methods to targeted drug delivery, sewage detection, sensors and cell capture. The dynamics and physics of micro‐nano devices are reviewed, and finally the current challenges and future research directions in this field are discussed. This review further aims to provide certain guidance for the driving of NW−Ms to meet the urgent needs of emerging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among several known zeolites, silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO)‐34 zeolite exhibits a distinct chemical structure, unique pore size distribution, and chemical, thermal, and ion exchange capabilities, which have recently attracted considerable research attention. Global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are a serious environmental issue. Current atmospheric CO2 level exceeds 414 parts per million (ppm), which greatly influences humans, fauna, flora, and the ecosystem as a whole. Zeolites play a vital role in CO2 removal, recycling, and utilization. This review summarizes the properties of the SAPO‐34 zeolite and its role in CO2 capture and separation from air and natural gas. In addition, due to their high thermal stability and catalytic nature, CO2 conversions into valuable products over single metal, bi‐metallic, and tri‐metallic catalysts and their oxides supported on SAPO‐34 were also summarized. Considering these accomplishments, substantial problems related to SAPO‐34 are discussed, and future recommendations are offered in detail to predict how SAPO‐34 could be employed for greenhouse gas mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Karavannoe is a pallasite found in Russia in 2010. The mineralogy, chemistry, and oxygen isotopic composition indicate that Karavannoe is a member of the Eagle Station Pallasite (ESP) group. Karavannoe contains mostly olivine and subdued interstitial Fe,Ni‐metal. Zoned distribution of FeO in small, rounded grains of olivine and FeO and Al2O3 in chromite shows that the cooling rate of the melt was fast during the crystallization of the round olivine grains. Siderophile element distribution and correlations of Au‐As and Os‐Ir concentrations in Karavannoe and the other ESP metal record its magmatic origin. FeO‐rich composition of olivine, low W and Ga, and high Ni abundances in the Karavannoe metal indicate the formation of the metal from an oxidized chondrite precursor. Model calculations demonstrate that the ESPs' metal compositions correspond to the solids of the fractional crystallization of CV‐ or CO‐chondrite‐derived metallic liquids. The Karavannoe metal composition corresponds to the solid fraction crystallized after ~40% fractional crystallization. The Mg/(Mg+Fe) atom ratio of complementary silicate liquid corresponds to Fo70, possibly indicating that the olivine is not in equilibrium with the metal and could have been a product of the late evolutionary processes in the Karavannoe parent body mantle. In any ESP genesis Karavannoe was not in equilibrium with its metal and is a product of mantle differentiation processes. Olivine of Karavannoe and ESPs is similar in composition, while the metal is different. We propose a model of ESP formation involving an impact‐induced intrusion of liquid core metal into a basal mantle layer, followed by fractional crystallization of the metal. The metal textures and chemical zoning of Karavannoe minerals point to remelting and rapid cooling due to a later impact event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) seem to be the future of data networks supported by macrocells, small cells, relays, and D2D communication. The main purpose of HetNets is to facilitate maximum users while keeping energy efficiency (EE) to its peak. In this research work, we have formulated joint users association and EE maximization problem for HetNets, where our main goal is to increase the number of users associated with HetNets while keeping EE to its maximum. Formulated problem is a concave fractional problem in nature. We have used Charnes–Cooper Transformation to convert it to the concave optimization problem. We have used the (MADS) algorithm to solve the formulated optimization problem. Results have been analyzed after extensive simulations. Performance of MADS algorithm have been shown with respect to different system parameters, that is, the number of users associated, the minimum required data rate, and joint maximization of users associated and EE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygen levels in vivo are autonomously regulated by a supply–demand balance, which can be altered in disease states. However, the oxygen levels of in vitro cell culture systems, particularly microscale cell culture, are typically dominated by either supply or demand. Further, the oxygen microenvironment in these systems is rarely monitored or reported. Here, a method to establish and dynamically monitor autonomously regulated oxygen microenvironments (AROM) using an oil overlay in an open microscale cell culture system is presented. Using this method, the oxygen microenvironment is dynamically regulated via the supply–demand balance of the system. Numerical simulation and experimental validation of oxygen transport within multi‐liquid‐phase, microscale culture systems involving a variety of cell types, including mammalian, fungal, and bacterial cells are presented. Finally, AROM is applied to establish a coculture between cells with disparate oxygen demands—primary intestinal epithelial cells (oxygen consuming) and Bacteroides uniformis (an anaerobic species prevalent in the human gut). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]