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Of note, HNF1A and HNF1B are associated with Fanconi syndrome and kidney cystic diseases in humans.4,5 Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of Hnf4 target genes (Table S3) corroborated the motif enrichment analysis, as it suggested that Hnf4 target genes were upregulated in PG rats (Figure 3E). The PG rat tubules were dilated compared to WT, thus accounting for the discrepant diameters of the tubules between the WT and PG rats. No histological kidney abnormalities were noted in WT and PS rats, while the PG rats had minimal to moderate histological changes (n = 3 for WT and PS rats, n = 6 for PG rats). Dear editor, We identified angiomotin ( I AMOT i ) as a novel candidate gene for X-linked recessive nephropathy associated with glomerular disease, tubulopathy and progressive kidney cystic disease. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: We aimed to develop a noninvasive artificial intelligence (AI) model to diagnose signet‐ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of gastric cancer (GC) and identify patients with SRCC who could benefit from postoperative chemotherapy based on preoperative contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT). Methods: A total of 855 GC patients with 855 single GCs were included, of which 249 patients were diagnosed as SRCC by histopathologic examinations. The AI model was generated with clinical, handcrafted radiomic, and deep learning features. Model diagnostic performance was measured by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity, while predictive performance was measured by Kaplan–Meier curves. Results: In the test cohort (n = 257), the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of our AI model for diagnosing SRCC were 0.786 (95% CI: 0.721–0.845), 77.3%, and 69.2%, respectively. For the entire cohort, patients with AI‐predicted high risk had a significantly shorter median OS compared with those with low risk (median overall survival [OS], 38.8 vs. 64.2 months, p = 0.009). Importantly, in pathologically confirmed advanced SRCC patients, AI‐predicted high‐risk status was indicative of a shorter overall survival (median overall survival [OS], 31.0 vs. 54.4 months, p = 0.036) and marked chemotherapy resistance, whereas AI‐predicted low‐risk status had substantial chemotherapy benefit (median OS [without vs. with chemotherapy], 26.0 vs. not reached, p = 0.013). Conclusions: The CT‐based AI model demonstrated good performance for diagnosing SRCC, stratifying patient prognosis, and predicting chemotherapy responses. Advanced SRCC patients with AI‐predicted low‐risk status may benefit substantially from adjuvant chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(H) Cross-sectional fluorescence intensity corresponding to the location and direction of the black arrow in G, which also showed the intense fluorescence presented in the tumour cavity. Conversely, fluorescence was detected in some areas of the tumour cavity of ccRCC (Figure 3E-G), which was proved by the cross-sectional fluorescence intensity profile (Figure 3H). After exposing tumours, indocyanine green (ICG, 0.5 mg/kg body weight) was injected intravenously, the NIR-II fluorescence imaging system was used for the visualization of tumours (Figure 1, Supplementary S2). The resection of cystic renal masses (CRMs) represents a challenging process in terms of nephron-sparing surgery because the mostly fluid-filled growth pattern of renal cancers causes them easy to rupture.1 As the malignant tumours rupture, cancer cells metastasize in the abdominal cavity, patients face a high risk of recurrence.2 Meanwhile, studies have shown that more functional nephrons correlate with a better prognosis of patients.3 Therefore, it is crucial to achieving accurate and complete tumour resection during partial nephrectomy (PN). [Extracted from the article]

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess how pre‐transplant dialysis duration affects transplant outcomes after simultaneous pancreas‐kidney transplant (SPK) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: Data of 6887 T1DM patients who underwent SPK transplantation between 2008 and 2018 were obtained from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database. According to pre‐transplant dialysis duration, the patients were divided into the preemptive SPK, 0‐2 years, 2‐5 years, and >5 years dialysis groups. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis was performed to compare patient and graft survival among the groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify predictors of transplant outcomes. Results: The mean follow‐up period was 56.7 ± 34.7 months. Compared with no dialysis or preemptive SPK, dialysis for 0‐2 years was not significantly associated with patient or kidney graft survival, while long‐term dialysis of 2‐5 years and >5 years was significantly associated with increased risk of death and kidney graft failure. However, the duration of dialysis was not associated with pancreas graft survival. Conclusion: Long‐term dialysis duration before SPK transplant is an independent predictor of patient death and kidney graft failure in T1DM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Diabetes mellitus is known to negatively impact the outcome of liver transplant; however, data are scarce regarding risk of waitlist dropout and tumour recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. We examined the impact of diabetes mellitus on the outcomes of candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma on an intention‐to‐treat basis. Methods: Our study included 15 776 candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis on the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database from 2008 to 2015 to evaluate the risk of waitlist dropout, hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and overall survival. Results: There were more patients dropped out from the waiting list owing to patient disease deterioration or tumour progression in the diabetes mellitus group (15.1% vs 13.7%, P = 0.024). The mean waiting time was similar in the two groups (233 days vs 230 days, P = 0.631). The recurrence rate was higher in the diabetes mellitus group (9.0% vs 6.2%, P < 0.001); however, the mean time to recurrence in the two groups was similar (23.7 months vs 22.6 months, P = 0.371). Diabetes mellitus, tumours exceeding Milan criteria, and AFP >400 ng/mL were independent predictive factors for recurrence. On an intention‐to‐treat basis, diabetes mellitus was also an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival; however, the overall survival was comparable with tumours beyond Milan criteria. Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus was associated with poor survival outcomes and an increased risk of waitlist dropout and tumour recurrence rates in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Those patients should be paid more attention to cardiovascular and oncological examination when determining waitlist and post‐transplant surveillance strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radical resection is the most effective method for malignant tumor treatments. However, conventional imaging cannot fully satisfy the clinical needs of surgical navigation. This study presents a novel triple‐modality positron emission tomography (PET)–Cerenkov radiation energy transfer (CRET)–confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) imaging strategy for intraoperative tumor imaging and surgical navigation. Using clinical radiopharmaceuticals and fluorescein sodium (FS), this strategy can accurately detect the tumor and guide the tumor surgery. The FS emission property under Cerenkov radiation excitation is investigated using 2‐deoxy‐2‐18F‐fluoroglucose and 11C‐choline. Performances of the PET–CRET–CLE imaging and the CRET–CLE image‐guided surgery are evaluated on mouse models. The CRET signal at 8 mm depth is stronger than the Cerenkov luminescence at 1 mm depth in phantoms. In vivo experiments indicate that 0.5 mL kg−1 of 10% FS generates the strongest CRET signal, which can be observed immediately after FS injection. A surgical navigation study shows that the tumors are precisely detected and resected using intraoperative CRET–CLE. In summary, a PET–CRET–CLE triple‐modality imaging strategy is developed. This strategy can detect the tumors and precisely guide the tumor resection using clinical pharmaceuticals. This triple‐modality imaging shows high potential in surgical navigation research and clinical translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]