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Purpose MR-imaging hallmarks of glioblastoma ( GB), cerebral lymphoma ( CL), and demyelinating lesions are gadolinium (Gd) uptake due to blood-brain barrier disruption. Thus, initial diagnosis may be difficult based on conventional Gd-enhanced MRI alone. Here, the added value of a dynamic texture parameter analysis ( DTPA) in the differentiation between these three entities is examined. DTPA is an in-house software tool that incorporates the analysis of quantitative texture parameters extracted from dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced ( DSCE) images. Methods Twelve patients with multiple sclerosis ( MS), 15 patients with GB, and five patients with CL were included. The image analysis method focuses on the DSCE image time series during bolus passage. Three time intervals were examined: inflow, outflow, and reperfusion time interval. Texture maps were computed. From the DSCE image series, mean, difference, standard deviation, and variance texture parameters were calculated and statistically analyzed and compared between the pathologies. Results The texture parameters of the original DSCE image series for mean, standard deviation, and variance showed the most significant differences ( P-value between <0.00 and 0.05) between pathologies. Further, the texture parameters related to the standard deviation or variance (both associated with tissue heterogeneity) revealed the strongest discriminations between the pathologies. Conclusion We conclude that dynamic perfusion texture parameters as assessed by the DTPA method allow discriminating MS, GB, and CL lesions during the first passage of contrast. DTPA used in combination with classification algorithms has the potential to find the most likely diagnosis given a postulated differential diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]