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Background: The complications of large‐volume fat grafting (LVFG) for breast augmentation remain unpredictable and include palpable breast nodules, oil cysts, and calcifications. Aims: This study was aimed to provide an optimal treatment option for breast nodules after LVFG and evaluate their pathological characteristics. Patients/Methods: We effectively performed complete resection of breast nodules in 29 patients after LVFG using a minimal skin incision with the vacuum‐assisted breast biopsy (VABB) system under ultrasound guidance. And we further carried on histologic examination of excised nodules and evaluated their pathological characteristics. Results: The breast nodules were excised thoroughly with cosmetic effect satisfactorily. Interestingly, subsequent histologic examination showed that type I and VI collagens were strongly expressed in the fibrotic area and type IV collagen were positively expressed around the blood vessel. Furthermore, we found that the type VI collagen+ area appeared around mac2+ macrophages and α‐SMA+ myofibroblasts. Conclusions: The VABB system may be the optimal treatment option for breast nodules after LVFG. And type VI collagens may serve as a biomarker of grafted adipose tissue fibrosis. The relationship between macrophages, fibroblasts, and collagen formation may be therapeutic targets for regulating fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of infectious disease. Macrophages can directly destroy most of the invading bacteria through the phagolysosomal pathway. E74‐like factor 4 (Elf4) is one of the important transcription factors that controls diverse pathogens, but the role of Elf4 in macrophage‐mediated S. aureus eradication is unknown. Our data show that Elf4 is induced by S. aureus in macrophages. Elevated expression of Elf4 results in decreased bacterial load and inflammatory responses during S. aureus infection in vivo and in vitro. Elf4‐overexpressed macrophages have decreased mTOR activity and increased lysosomal mass. Collectively, these results suggest that S. aureus induces Elf4 expression, which enhances lysosomal function and increases the capacity of macrophages to eliminate intracellular pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The next generation of wearable electronics for health monitoring, Internet‐of‐Things system, "interface‐on‐invisible," and green energy harvesting require electrically conductive material that is superiorly transparent, negligibly hysteretic, industrially feasible, and highly stretchable. The practical potential of ionic hydrogel is challenged with obvious hysteresis and a limited sensing range due to relative delamination and viscoelastic performance. Herein, a novel liquid conductor, termed as egg white liquid, is developed from self‐liquidation of egg white hydrogel, and the liquid not only inherits the designed architecture from a hydrogel predecessor but also achieves comparable conductivity (20.4 S m−1) to the ionic hydrogel and ultrahigh transparency (up to 99.8%). Moreover, the 3D‐printed liquid–elastomer hybrid exhibits excellent conformability, remarkable sensitivity with negligible hysteresis (0.77%), and the capability of monitoring human motions and dynamic moduli is further demonstrated. The liquid nature inspires a gesture‐controlled touchless user interface for front‐end electronic systems. Furthermore, mechanical energy harvesting and pressure sensing are evidenced by exploiting this liquid conductor into a triboelectric nanogenerator. Notably, the as‐prepared liquid via subsequent phase transition possessing superior transparency, ultralow hysteresis, economic benefit, and unique liquid phase may potentially fuel the development of a new class of wearable electronics, human–machine interface, and clean energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) represents a promising scaffold for adipose tissue engineering. However, the unique and prolonged lipid removal process required for adipose tissue can damage extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents. Moreover, inadequate vascularization limits the recellularization of DAT in vivo. We proposed a neo‐mechanical protocol for rapidly breaking adipocytes and removing lipid content from adipose tissue. The lipid‐depleted adipose tissue was then subjected to a fast and mild decellularization to fabricate high‐quality DAT (M‐DAT). Adipose liquid extract (ALE) derived from this mechanical process was collected and incorporated into M‐DAT to further optimize in vivo recellularization. Ordinary DAT was fabricated and served as a control. This developed strategy was evaluated based on decellularization efficiency, ECM quality, and recellularization efficiency. Angiogenic factor components and angiogenic potential of ALE were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. M‐DAT achieved the same decellularization efficiency, but exhibited better retention of ECM components and recellularization, compared with those with ordinary DAT. Protein quantification revealed considerable levels of angiogenic factors (basic fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor‐β1, and vascular endothelial growth factor) in ALE. ALE promoted tube formation in vitro and induced intense angiogenesis in M‐DAT in vivo; furthermore, higher expression of the adipogenic factor PPARγ and greater numbers of adipocytes were evident following ALE treatment, compared with those in the M‐DAT group. Mechanical processing of adipose tissue led to the production of high‐quality M‐DAT and angiogenic factor‐enriched ALE. The combination of ALE and M‐DAT could be a promising strategy for engineered adipose tissue construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Conditioned medium (CM) is a new treatment modality in regenerative medicine and has shown a successful outcome in wound healing. We recently introduced extracellular matrix/stromal vascular fraction gel (ECM/SVF‐gel), an adipose‐derived stem cell and adipose native extracellular matrix‐enriched product for cytotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of CM from ECM/SVF‐gel (Gel‐CM) on wound healing compared with the conventional CM from adipose tissue (Adi‐CM) and stem cell (SVF‐CM). In vitro wound healing effect of three CMs on keratinocytes and fibroblasts was evaluated in terms of proliferation property, migratory property, and extracellular matrix production. In vivo, two full‐thickness wounds were created on the back of each mice. The wounds were randomly divided to receive Gel‐CM, Adi‐CM, SVF‐CM, and PBS injection. Histologic observations and collagen content of wound skin were made. Growth factors concentration in three CMs was further quantified. In vitro, Gel‐CM promoted the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes and fibroblasts and enhanced collagen I synthesis in fibroblasts compared to Adi‐CM and SVF‐CM. In vivo, wound closure was faster, and dermal and epidermal regeneration was improved in the Gel‐CM‐treated mice compared to that in Adi‐CM and SVF‐CM‐treated mice. Moreover, The growth factors concentration (i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and transforming growth factor‐β) in Gel‐CM were significantly higher than those in Adi‐CM and SVF‐CM. Gel‐CM generated under serum free conditions significantly enhanced wound healing effect compared to Adi‐CM and SVF‐CM by accelerating cell proliferation, migration, and production of ECM. This improved trophic effect may be attributed to the higher growth factors concentration in Gel‐CM. Gel‐CM shows potential as a novel and promising alternative to skin wound healing treatment. But limitations include the safety and immunogenicity studies of Gel‐CM still remain to be clearly clarified and more data on mechanism study are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparent Protein Hydrogels: Protein Gel Phase Transition: Toward Superiorly Transparent and Hysteresis-Free Wearable Electronics (Adv. Funct. Keywords: gesture-controlled consoles; hysteresis-free sensors; phase transition; transparent protein hydrogels; triboelectric nanogenerators EN gesture-controlled consoles hysteresis-free sensors phase transition transparent protein hydrogels triboelectric nanogenerators 1 1 1 07/04/20 20200702 NES 200702 In article number 1910080, Feng Lu, Malcolm Xing, and co-workers report a solid-liquid phase transition from egg white hydrogel; the resulting transparent liquid can be employed as an electric conductor for wearable electronics, and is hysteresis-free and velocity-insulating. Gesture-controlled consoles, hysteresis-free sensors, phase transition, transparent protein hydrogels, triboelectric nanogenerators. [Extracted from the article]