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Background: Impaired bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system (CNS) is closely related to the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Studies in patients with IBS have also shown significant activation of the hypothalamus and amygdala. However, how neural circuits of the CNS participate in and process the emotional and intestinal disorders of IBS remains unclear. Methods: The GABAergic neural pathway projecting from the central amygdala (CeA) to the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) in mice was investigated by retrograde tracking combined with fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Anxiety, depression‐like behavior, and intestinal motility were observed in the water‐immersion restraint stress group and the control group. Furthermore, the effects of the chemogenetic activation of the GABAergic neural pathway of CeA‐LHA on behavior and intestinal motility, as well as the co‐expression of orexin‐A and c‐Fos in the LHA, were explored. Key Results: In our study, Fluoro‐Gold retrograde tracking combined with fluorescence immunohistochemistry showed that GABAergic neurons in the CeA were projected to the LHA. The microinjection of the gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor antagonist into the LHA relieved anxiety, depression‐like behavior, and intestinal motility disorder in the IBS mice. The chemogenetic activation of GABAergic neurons in the CeA‐LHA pathway led to anxiety, depression‐like behavior, and intestinal motility disorder. In addition, GABAergic neurons in the CeA‐LHA pathway inhibited the expression of orexin‐A in the LHA, and orexin‐A was co‐expressed with GABAA receptors. Conclusions & Inferences: The CeA‐LHA GABAergic pathway might participate in the occurrence and development of IBS by regulating orexin‐A neurons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents an interesting phenomenon of the simultaneous occurrence of adsorption and synthesis of Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (Mg-Al- LDH) by stirring a precursor in an aqueous solution with methyl orange ( MO) as target adsorbate with the precursor prepared by first milling Mg( OH)2 for 1 h followed by another 3 h milling with Al( OH)3.The prepared precursor and LDH samples were characterized by a set of analytical methods including X-ray diffraction ( XRD), thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry ( TG- DSC), and Fourier-transform infrared ( FT- IR). The maximum adsorption capacity ( Qm) of MO by the prepared precursor sample was 1110.2 mg/g, much higher than that from the synthesized LDH sample. Engineering application may be expected from the easy preparation of such precursor as adsorbent to purify the tremendous amounts of dye wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]