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Seroepidemiological characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV) in community residents reflect natural infection and can guide the reform of vaccination programs. A population‐based serological survey was conducted in Guangdong Province. Serum anti‐HPV IgG antibody levels were determined by an ELISA. Neutralizing antibodies against HPV6, 11, 16, and 18 were detected via a pseudovirus‐based neutralization assay (PBNA). A total of 5122 serum samples were collected from community residents, including 1989 males and 3133 females, in three cities of Guangdong Province. The rate of HPV IgG antibody positivity in females was 5.39% (95% CI: 4.6–6.2), which was greater than that in males (2.36%; 95% CI: 1.7–3.1). HPV IgG antibodies were more frequently detected in females aged 51–60 years (11.30%; 95% CI: 7.6–16.0), whereas in males, the detection increased with age and reached 4.94% (95% CI: 2.8–6.9) in the group aged ≥71 years. The seropositivity of neutralizing antibodies against HPV6 and 11 was greater than that against HPV16 and 18. The serum neutralizing antibody titers in individuals who received three doses of a vaccine were 7‐ to 12‐fold greater than those in individuals who did not receive the vaccine. The neutralizing antibody titers slightly decreased within 40 months and ranged from 0.038 to 0.057 log ED50 per month. A moderate consistency between the HPV ELISA and PBNA results was observed (Kappa score = 0.49, r = 0.249, 0.635, 0.382, and 0.466 for HPV6, 11, 16, and 18, respectively). The HPV seropositivity rate among healthy residents of Guangdong Province was found to be low among children and adolescents and to increase with age. The serum neutralizing antibody titers were significantly greater in the vaccine group than that in the control group, and this difference persisted over time, which indicated promising protection against HPV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Southern Ocean represents a critical component of the global oceanic carbon budget. Previous assessments of air‐sea carbon flux variations and long‐term trends in polar regions during winter have faced limitations due to scarce field data and the lack of ocean color satellite imagery, causing uncertainties in estimating CO2 flux estimation. This study utilized the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation satellite to construct a continuous 16‐year (2006–2021) time series of sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in the Southern Ocean. Our findings revealed that the polar region in South Ocean acts as a carbon sink in winter, with CO2 flux of ∼30 TgC in high‐latitude areas (South of 50°S). This work highlights the efficacy of active remote sensing for monitoring sea surface pCO2 and contributes insights into the dynamic carbonate systems of the Southern Ocean. Plain Language Summary: Climate change data from recent decades have consistently shown an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration. The Southern Ocean, a major carbon sink, is critical in this regard. However, limitations in ocean color remote sensing and infrequent sampling hinder a complete understanding of carbon uptake in high‐latitude regions during winter. Previous reconstructions inadequately considered the biological effect on the air‐sea CO2 exchange process in winter. This study used observations from an active remote sensing satellite to represent the biological effects of CO2 and construct a long‐term time series of sea surface CO2 level for the Southern Ocean. Additionally, the study reassessed the CO2 uptake capacity of the Southern Ocean in winter. These findings suggest that previous estimates may underestimate the CO2 uptake capacity in the high‐latitude regions during winter, potentially due to underestimations of biological effects. This research underscores the value of active remote sensing for obtaining critical biogeochemical parameters in high‐latitude oceans, providing an essential tool for monitoring carbonate systems. Key Points: A new method was proposed to reconstruct pressure of CO2 (pCO2) using CALIPSO‐derived bbp dataA 16‐year Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation observation‐based pCO2 product was constructedThe CO2 uptake capacity in the Southern Ocean during winter was estimated [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary The paper designs a novel efficient three‐phase voltage source inverter with performance optimization. When auxiliary circuits connected in parallel with every bridge arm are involved in working process of the designed inverter, main switches will realize zero‐voltage switching in the wide load range, which is beneficial for further decline of the loss of main switches. Furthermore, the optimized duty cycle of the gate drive signal of auxiliary switches is used to restrict circuiting current loss. Besides, when the designed inverter works in a dead zone, the resonance will occur in the auxiliary circuits to cause the output phase voltage to vary from zero or the DC supply voltage to the DC supply voltage or zero as soon as possible, which is beneficial for further decline of the output phase voltage error and the suppression of dead effect. The paper provides relevant analysis on each working status within a switching period along with design requirements. By analyzing test waveforms, it affirms that main switches realize zero‐voltage switching. The efficiency of the designed inverter reaches 98.8% at rating condition. The experiment affirms that the designed inverter has an edge over another two inverters for comparison in performance optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary The paper designs an efficient three‐phase soft‐switching inverter with asymmetric auxiliary circuits, which is beneficial for further miniaturization and efficiency optimization. Only two auxiliary switches, one resonant inductor, and three resonant capacitors make up simple asymmetric auxiliary circuits of each phase, contributing to the reduction of power loss and hardware cost. As soon as the simple auxiliary circuits get involved in the operation of the designed inverter, main switches can realize zero‐voltage switching within the entire load range. The reduction of power loss of auxiliary circuits and main switches is conducive to further efficiency optimization. The paper expounds every operating status during one switching period. The relevant experimental waveforms make known that switching devices can realize soft‐switching. The efficiency reaches 99% at rated operation status of the designed inverter, confirming that the designed inverter has superiority over comparison objects in the experiment with regard to the efficiency. Thus, the structural simplification of auxiliary circuits is an effective method for further miniaturization and efficiency optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homologous recombination (HR) repair for DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) is critical for maintaining genome stability and conferring the resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapy. Nuclear PTEN which contains both phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5‐trisphosphate 3‐phosphatase and protein phosphatase plays a key role in HR repair, but the underlying mechanism remains largely elusive. We find that SUMOylated PTEN promotes HR repair but represses nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) repair by directly dephosphorylating TP53‐binding protein 1 (53BP1). During DNA damage responses (DDR), tumor suppressor ARF (p14ARF) was phosphorylated and then interacted efficiently with PTEN, thus promoting PTEN SUMOylation as an atypical SUMO E3 ligase. Interestingly, SUMOylated PTEN was subsequently recruited to the chromatin at DSB sites. This was because SUMO1 that was conjugated to PTEN was recognized and bound by the SUMO‐interacting motif (SIM) of breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1), which has been located to the core of 53BP1 foci on chromatin during S/G2 stage. Furthermore, these chromatin‐loaded PTEN directly and specifically dephosphorylated phosphothreonine‐543 (pT543) of 53BP1, resulting in the dissociation of the 53BP1 complex, which facilitated DNA end resection and ongoing HR repair. SUMOylation‐site‐mutated PTENK254R mice also showed decreased DNA damage repair in vivo. Blocking the PTEN SUMOylation pathway with either a SUMOylation inhibitor or a p14ARF(2‐13) peptide sensitized tumor cells to chemotherapy. Our study therefore provides a new mechanistic understanding of PTEN in HR repair and clinical intervention of chemoresistant tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endoribonuclease DICER is an RNase III enzyme that mainly processes microRNAs in the cytoplasm but also participates in nuclear functions such as chromatin remodelling, epigenetic modification and DNA damage repair. The expression of nuclear DICER is low in most human cancers, suggesting a tight regulation mechanism that is not well understood. Here, we found that ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase 7 (USP7), a deubiquitinase, bounded to DICER and reduced its nuclear protein level by promoting its ubiquitination and degradation through MDM2, a newly identified E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase for DICER. This USP7‐MDM2‐DICER axis impaired histone γ‐H2AX signalling and the recruitment of DNA damage response (DDR) factors, possibly by influencing the processing of small DDR noncoding RNAs. We also showed that this negative regulation of DICER by USP7 via MDM2 was relevant to human tumours using cellular and clinical data. Our findings revealed a new way to understand the role of DICER in malignant tumour development and may offer new insights into the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, kaempferol molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were screened in detail and were applied to the separation of kaempferol from real complex systems. Kaempferol‐MIPs with high affinity and selectivity for kaempferol could be prepared successfully by using kaempferol as the template molecule, 4‐vinylpyridine as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate or divinylbenzene as the crosslinker, acetone or acetonitrile as the solvent. Scanning electron microscopy observation and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurement showed that the prepared MIPs had a heterogeneous pore structure and large specific surface area. Static and dynamic adsorption experiments and solid‐phase extraction application were performed to evaluate the performance of the prepared MIPs. Only the MIPs with both higher distribution coefficient and higher imprinting factor in the dynamic experiments had better ability to retain kaempferol. Using the screened MIPs as solid‐phase extraction sorbents, kaempferol and quercetin were extracted directly from the crude ginkgo leaves hydrolysate with high recovery and purity. Control experiments also showed that the screened MIPs were superior to commercially available adsorbents in terms of the separation of kaempferol from crude extracts. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dynamic PET/CT combined with a dual‐input three‐compartment model can be applied to assess the kinetic parameters of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The nonlinear least squares (NLLS) method is the most common method for fitting model parameters; however, some limitations remain. Purpose: A novel Bayesian‐based method was compared with the NLLS method to estimate the kinetic parameters for differentiating HCCs from background liver tissue. Methods: The proposed Bayesian method combined a priori knowledge of the physiological range and likelihood functions of HCC lesions to obtain HCC PET/CT measurements. Metropolis‐Hastings sampling was used to numerically estimate the posterior distribution. This study used 5‐minute dynamic PET imaging and 1‐minute static PET imaging acquired 60 min post‐injection from 19 HCC lesions and 17 background liver regions. Results: The NLLS method indicated that k3 (p = 0.001) and fa (p < 0.001) were higher in HCCs than in background liver tissue, while K1 (p = 0.603), k2 (p = 0.405), k4 (p = 0.492), Vb (p = 0.112), and Ki (p = 0.091) were not significantly different. The Bayesian method showed that k3 (p < 0.001), fa (p < 0.001), and Ki (p = 0.002) were higher in HCCs than in background liver tissue, while K1 (p = 0.195), k2 (p = 0.028), k4 (p = 0.723), and Vb (p = 0.018) were not significantly different. For k3 and fa, the Bayesian method showed a higher AUC value for diagnostic performance in differentiating HCCs from background liver tissue than the NLLS method (0.853 vs. 0.745 and 0.928 vs. 0.886). Additionally, the Bayesian method had smaller Akaike information criteria and residual sum of squares values, as well as fewer parameter estimation outliers, than the NLLS method. Conclusions: The proposed Bayesian method can accurately and robustly estimate liver kinetic parameters, effectively distinguish between lesions and background liver tissue, and provide accurate information about the uncertainty in parameter estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) have been emerging and circulating in different parts of the world. Millions of vaccine doses have been administered globally, which reduces the morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease‐2019 efficiently. Here, we assess the immune responses of individuals after two shots of BBIBP‐CorV or CoronaVac inactivated vaccine. We measured neutralizing antibody responses after the second vaccination by using authentic SARS‐CoV‐2 and its viral variants. All the serum samples efficiently neutralized SARS‐CoV‐2 wild‐type lineage, in contrast, a part of serum samples failed to neutralize Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, or Eta lineages, and only several serum samples were able to neutralize Omicron lineage virus strains (BA.1 and BA.2) with low neutralization titer. As compared with the neutralization of SARS‐CoV‐2 wild‐type lineage, the neutralization of all other SARS‐CoV‐2 variant lineages was significantly lower. Considering that all the SARS‐CoV‐2 mutation viruses challenged the antibody neutralization induced by BBIBP‐CorV and CoronaVac, it is necessary to carry out a third booster vaccination to increase the humoral immune response against the SARS‐CoV‐2 mutation viruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile strategy based on the boronate affinity and polydopamine coating was proposed for the preparation of surface molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres using naringin as the glycoside template. The poly(methacrylic acid‐co‐methyl methacrylate‐co‐ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) microspheres were firstly synthesized as inner cores by suspension polymerization method, and then functionalized with 3‐aminophenylboronic acid. The imprinted shell layer was obtained by self‐polymerization of dopamine on the surface of boronic acid‐functionalized polymer microspheres after reversible immobilization of naringin. The resultant surface molecularly imprinted microspheres showed good imprinting efficiency and recognition specificity toward the template molecule in aqueous environment. The isothermal and kinetic adsorption behaviors of the polymers were investigated. The results showed that the covalent surface imprinted microspheres possessed homogeneous recognition sites, strong adsorption affinity, and rapid rebinding kinetics. In addition, the surface imprinted microspheres were utilized as the sorbents of solid phase extraction to successfully separate and enrich naringin from Citri Grandis extract, and the recovery of naringin in eluting solution reached 84.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis is a recently reported cellular apoptosis form. Screening for safe ferroptosis inhibitors and elucidation of the mechanisms have recently attracted significant attention. In this study, the ferroptosis‐inhibitory activities of gallotannin tannic acid and its parent, 1,2,3,4,6‐penta‐O‐galloyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranose (β‐PGG), were comparatively evaluated using an erastin‐mediated bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (bmMSC) model, employing ferrostatin‐1 (Fer‐1) as a positive control. The relative inhibitory levels decreased in the following order: Fer‐1>tannic acid>β‐PGG. In the radical‐trapping assays, the relative levels decreased in the order of tannic acid>β‐PGG >Fer‐1. When mixed with ferrous ions, the UV‐visible spectra of tannic acid, β‐PGG, and Fer‐1 changed. In conclusion, natural tannic acid could undergo radical trapping and ferrous complexation pathways to inhibit ferroptosis in the bmMSCs. In contrast to Fer‐1, which utilized ferrous complexation to initiate its catalytic recycle, tannic acid mediated ferrous complexation to indirectly trap the radicals. The 3'‐O‐galloylation reaction enhanced the radical trapping and indirect radical trapping of tannic acid to enhance ferroptosis inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deubiquitinase BAP1 is an important tumor suppressor in several malignancies, but its functions and critical substrates in prostate cancer (PCa) remain unclear. Here, we report that the mRNA and protein expression levels of BAP1 are downregulated in clinical PCa specimens. BAP1 can physically bind to and deubiquitinate PTEN, which inhibits the ubiquitination‐mediated degradation of PTEN and thus stabilizes PTEN protein. Ectopically expressed BAP1 in PCa cells increases PTEN protein level and subsequently inhibits the AKT signaling pathway, thus suppressing PCa progression. Conversely, knockdown of BAP1 in PCa cells leads to the decrease in PTEN protein level and the activation of the Akt signaling pathway, therefore promoting malignant transformation and cancer metastasis. However, these can be reversed by the re‐expression of PTEN. More importantly, we found that BAP1 protein level positively correlates with PTEN in a substantial fraction of human cancers. These findings demonstrate that BAP1 is an important deubiquitinase of PTEN for its stability and the BAP1‐PTEN signaling axis plays a crucial role in tumor suppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCM) layers are becoming more important to the Arctic shelf ecosystem as phytoplankton growing season and ice‐free water increase. We measured size‐fractionated pigments and environmental variables on the western Arctic shelf during the open‐water season in 2014, to study the spatial pattern and mechanisms of the phytoplankton community at the SCM. The SCM layers accumulated approximately 50% of the chlorophyll a (Chl a) standing stock in the water column, and the contribution increased to >70% for high‐biomass areas, suggesting the biological importance of the summer SCM in the shelf ecosystem. The spatial difference in phytoplankton biomass was caused mainly by bioavailable nitrogen concentrations, and the spatial difference in diatom size may be the result of differences in predominant species. High biomass and large diatoms dominated in the SCM layers, making the south and north of the Chukchi shelf a biological hotspot for the ecosystem's food chain and benthos of the western Arctic shelf in summer. Plain Language Summary: Subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCM) play an increasingly important role in shelf ecosystems in the western Arctic Ocean. The correlations between the subsurface phytoplankton community and environmental variables were examined to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying phytoplankton distribution in SCM layers. Spatial variability of the chlorophyll a (Chl a) standing stock showed a high phytoplankton biomass in the south Bering shelf (SBS), south Chukchi shelf (SCS), and north Chukchi shelf (NCS). Small diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community in the SBS, whereas large diatoms dominated in the SCS and NCS. The spatial difference in phytoplankton biomass was caused mainly by bioavailable nitrogen concentrations, and the spatial difference in diatom size may be the result of differences in predominant species. Summer SCM accumulate a large number of large diatoms in the water column, making the south and north of the Chukchi shelf a biological hotspot for the marine ecosystem on the western Arctic shelf in summer. Key Points: Summer SCM accumulate ~50% of the total water column chlorophyll aNitrate availability causes the spatial difference in phytoplankton biomassHigh biomass and dominance of large diatoms make the south and north of the Chukchi shelf a biological hotspot in summer [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An efficient two‐step method has been developed for the separation of β‐cypermethrin stereoisomers by supercritical fluid chromatography with polysaccharide chiral stationary phases. With respect to retention, selectivity, and resolution of β‐cypermethrin, the effects of chiral stationary phases, cosolvents, mobile phases, and column temperature have been studied in detail. Through a two‐step separation, β‐cypermethrin was firstly separated by using a cellulose‐derived chiral stationary phase to obtain two stereoisomeric pairs, and further resolved on an amylose‐based chiral stationary phase to produce four enantiopure stereoisomers. The electronic circular dichroism patterns of the first‐ and the third‐eluted isomers in methanol solution showed the mirror image of each other in the wavelength range 200∼300 nm, indicating that they were a pair of enantiomers. Moreover, the second‐ and the fourth‐eluted isomers were also enantiomers. This proposed two‐step strategy showed low solvent consumption, fast separation speed, and high‐purity, which may provide an effective approach for preparative separation of compounds with multiple chiral centers and difficult‐to‐separate multicomponent samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ordered macroporous molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared by a combination of the colloidal crystal templating method and the molecular imprinting technique by using SiO2 colloidal crystal as the macroporogen, quercetin as the imprinting template, acrylamide as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker and tetrahydrofuran as the solvent. Scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements show that the ordered macroporous molecularly imprinted polymers have a more regular macroporous structure, a narrower pore distribution and a greater porosity compared with the traditional bulk molecularly imprinted polymers. The kinetic and isothermal adsorption behaviors of the polymers were investigated. The results indicate that the ordered macroporous molecularly imprinted polymers have a faster intraparticle mass transfer process and a higher adsorption capacity than the traditional bulk molecularly imprinted polymers. The ordered macroporous molecularly imprinted polymers were further employed as a sorbent for a solid-phase extraction. The results show that the ordered macroporous molecularly imprinted polymers can effectively separate quercetin from the Gingko hydrolysate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enantiomeric pairs of triticonazole have been successfully separated by supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with a tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl) cellulose-coated chiral stationary phase in this work. The effects of co-solvent, dissolution solvent, flow rate, backpressure, and column temperature have been studied in detail with respect to retention, selectivity, and resolution of triticonazole. As indicated, the co-solvents mostly affected the retention factors and resolution, due to the different molecular structure and polarity. In addition, the dissolution solvents, namely, chloromethanes and alcohols, have been also important for enantioseparation because of the different interaction with stationary phase. Higher flow rate and backpressure led to faster elution of the triticonazole molecules, and the change of column temperature showed slight effect on the resolution of triticonazole racemate. Moreover, a comparative separation experiment between supercritical fluid chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography revealed that chiral supercritical fluid chromatography gave the 3.5 times value of Rs/ tR2 than high performance liquid chromatography, which demonstrated that supercritical fluid chromatography had much higher separation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerolysin is the paradigmatic member of a large family of toxins that convert from a water-soluble monomer/dimer into a membrane-spanning oligomeric pore. While there is x-ray crystallographic data of its water-soluble conformation, the most recent structural model of the membrane-inserted pore is based primarily on data of water-soluble tetradecamers of mutant protein, together with computational modeling ultimately performed in vacuum. Here we examine this pore model with atomic force microscopy (AFM) of membrane-associated wild-type complexes and all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in water. In striking contrast to a disc-shaped cap region predicted by the present model, the AFM images reveal a star-shaped complex, with a central ring surrounded by seven radial projections. Further, the MD simulations suggest that the locations of the receptor-binding (D1) domains in the present model are not correct. However, a modified model in which the D1 domains, rather than localized at fixed positions, adopt a wide range of configurations through fluctuations of an intervening linker is compatible with existing data. Thus our work not only demonstrates the importance of directly resolving such complexes in their native environment but also points to a dynamic receptor binding region, which may be critical for toxin assembly on the cell surface. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cinchonine molecularly imprinted photonic polymer (MIPP) film was prepared by using methacrylic acid as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross linker, benzoyl peroxide and N,N-dimethylaniline as initiation system by a combination of colloidal crystal template method and molecular imprinting technique. The structure and morphology of the polymer film were characterized by infrared spectra and scanning electronic microscope. The results exhibit that a highly ordered threedimensionally interconnected macroporous array with typical face-centered cubic (fcc) structure was formed in the MIPP film. The binding experiments showed that the special, hierarchical porous structure enabled this polymer to possess rapid adsorption kinetics, improved binding capacity, and specificity to analytes. The Bragg diffractive measurements showed that the MIPP film has good specific responsiveness for the template molecules. The Bragg diffraction peaks shifted from 527 to 503 nm with the concentration of the cinchonine varying from 0 to 10-3 mol/L, whereas there were no obvious peaks shifts for its structural analogues. This may be ascribed that the changes in the lattice constants and the average refractive indices of MIPP film caused by the special adsorption of template molecules toward recognition sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous molecularly imprinted polymers ( MMIPs) were prepared by a combination of the colloidal crystal template method and the molecular imprinting technique. Traditional bulk molecularly imprinted polymers ( BMIPs) were simultaneously synthesized with the same recipe as the MMIPs by using methacrylic acid as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinker and chloroform as porogen. SEM and Brunauer − Emmett − Teller measurements show that MMIPs have a more regular macroporous structure, a narrower macropore distribution and a greater surface area and porosity compared with BMIPs. The isothermal and kinetic data of both polymers can be fitted with the Freundlich model and a pseudo-second-order equation, respectively. Their specificities to the template molecules are also similar. However, the binding capability, adsorption rate coefficient and internal effective diffusion coefficient of the MMIPs are higher than for the BMIPs when the particle size is above 54 µm. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L7849 --> 944.4 --> Background: Patients with diabetes are more vulnerable to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). Abnormal increases of cardiac Connexin43 (Cx43) were shown to be associated with a variety of pathological conditions including myocardial ischemia and diabetic cardiomyopathy, concomitant with various degrees of changes in autophagy. However, the role of Cx43 in MIRI in diabetic conditions and in particular its potential interplay with cardiac autophagy in this pathology is unknown. Thus, the present study was aimed to explore the role and mechanism of Cx43 in diabetic MIRI. Methods and Results: Streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic and age‐matched control rats were subjected to MIRI by occluding the left coronary artery for 30 minutes followed by 2 hours of reperfusion at 5 weeks of diabetes induction. In vitro, rat origin H9C2 cardiomyocytes (H9C2) were exposed to 35mmol/L high glucose(HG)for 48 hours(h) in the absence or presence of Cx43 gene knockdown with siRNA, followed by hypoxia for 6h and reoxygenation for 12h. Myocardial infarct size was assessed by TTC staining. Cell viability was detected by the CCK‐8 assay, apoptosis by TUNEL assay. Cardiac Cx43 protein, apoptosis‐related proteins and autophagy‐related LC3, p62 and mTOR proteins were assessed by Western blotting. Post‐ischemic myocardial infarct size and cardiac CX43 protein expression were significantly increased in diabetic rats as compared with that in the control (p<0.05), concomitant with increases in the ratio of LC3 II/I and in the protein expression of P62 and mTOR (all p<0.05). In vitro, exposure of H9C2 cells to HG significantly increased cell injury evidenced by increased LDH release and reduced cell viability, and significantly enhanced cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS) production that was accompanied by increased cardiomyocyte CX43 overexpression and enhanced autophagy but paradoxically also enhanced mTOR activation, similar to that seen in vivo. All these changes were further exacerbated following H/R under HG. Cx43 Knockdown in H9C2 results in decreased ROS production and decreased apoptosis after H/R under HG leading to increased cell viability (all p<0.05), while Cx43 knockdown attenuated autophagy. Application of the selective mTOR inhibitor rapamycin abolished the abovementioned beneficial effects of Cx43 Knockdown. Conclusion: Overexpressed CX43 in the diabetic heart exacerbates MIRI in diabetes through enhanced cardiac autophagy under hyperglycemic condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromatin is a highly organized structure with repetitive nucleosome subunits. Nucleosome distribution patterns, which contain information on epigenetic controls, are dynamically affected by ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors (remodelers). However, whether plants have specific nucleosome distribution patterns and how plant remodelers contribute to the pattern formation are not clear. In this study we used the micrococcal nuclease digestion followed by deep sequencing (MNase-seq) assay to show the genome-wide nucleosome pattern in Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrated that the nucleosome distribution patterns of Arabidopsis are associated with the gene expression level, and have several specific characteristics that are different from those of animals and yeast. In addition, we found that remodelers in the A. thaliana imitation switch (AtISWI) subfamily are important for the formation of the nucleosome distribution pattern. Double mutations in the AtISWI genes, CHROMATIN REMODELING 11 ( CHR11) and CHR17, resulted in the loss of the evenly spaced nucleosome pattern in gene bodies, but did not affect nucleosome density, supporting a previous idea that the primary role of ISWI is to slide nucleosomes in gene bodies for pattern formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusions Patients with acute ischaemic stroke are more likely to develop refeeding syndrome due to increased need for nutritional support when suffering alterations of consciousness and impairment of swallowing. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of refeeding syndrome in stroke patients.This was a retrospective observational study, using the prospective stroke database from hospital, included all consecutive acute ischaemic stroke patients who received enteral nutrition for more than 72 h from 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2022. Refeeding syndrome was defined as occurrence of new‐onset hypophosphataemia within 72 h after enteral feeding. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate risk factors and relationships between refeeding syndrome and stroke outcomes.338 patients were included in the study. 50 patients (14.8%) developed refeeding syndrome. Higher scores on National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and Nutritional Risk Screening 2002, albumin <30 g/L and BMI <18.5 kg/m2 were risk factors for refeeding syndrome. Moreover, refeeding syndrome was independently associated with a 3‐month modified Rankin Scale score of >2 and 6‐month mortality.Refeeding syndrome was common in stroke patients and higher baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, higher Nutritional Risk Screening 2002, albumin <30 g/L and BMI <18.5 kg/m2 were independent risk factors of refeeding syndrome. Occurrence of refeeding syndrome was significantly associated with higher 3‐month modified Rankin Scale and 6‐month mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycrystalline Ca2MgOsO6 (I) and Sr2MgOsO6 (II) are prepared by high-pressure solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of CaO2 (SrO2), Os, MgO, and KClO4 (Pt capsule in belt-type high-pressure apparatus, 6 GPa, 1500 °C, 1 h). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]