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Aim: To determine the prevalence of familial vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) by studying the outcomes of screening in a contemporary cohort of newborns with normal antenatal kidney scans. Methods: A review of screening outcomes in newborns with a first degree relative with VUR, normal antenatal scans and no prior urine infections between 2014–2019 at three maternity units in the North East of England was conducted. Imaging consisted of micturating cystourethrogram (MCUG) in all and renal tract ultrasound scan (RUS) routinely in two units and by clinician preference in one unit. Results: At a median age of 59 days, 265 infants underwent MCUG. High‐grade VUR (Grades 3–5) was detected in 13 (4.9%) and low‐grade VUR (Grades 1–2) in 24 (9.1%). In the 152 infants who had a RUS, abnormalities were detected in 21 (13.8%). An abnormal postnatal RUS has a low positive predictive value (14.3%) for high‐grade VUR, but a normal RUS has a high negative predictive value (95.4%). Conclusion: Compared to historical cohorts from two decades ago, the yield from familial VUR screening is low and unjustifiable in the setting of normal antenatal anomaly scans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify health needs and healthcare access barriers of accompanied refugee and asylum‐seeking (RAS) children in the North East of England, and pilot a new service model to address these. Methods: Mixed‐methods study (retrospective analysis of routinely collected service data, qualitative data from focus groups) of children who attended a hospital‐based specialist clinic. Results: Over two years, 80 children were referred to this service. Most frequent diagnoses (total n = 104) were anaemia (n = 17), neurodevelopmental (n = 12), respiratory (n = 12) and mental health (n = 9) conditions. Mild–moderate stunting (23%), overweight and obesity (41%), stunting with obesity (9%) and micronutrient deficiencies (vitamin D (66%), vitamin A (40%) and manifest (14%) or latent (25%) iron deficiency anaemia) were highly prevalent. 62% of children had experienced psychological trauma, and 39% had abnormal results in psychosocial wellbeing screening. 21% of children required secondary or tertiary care, 8% mental health referrals, and 47% were followed up in this specialist clinic. Focus groups with families and the community report unaddressed health needs and substantial barriers of access to health care. Conclusion: Refugee and asylum‐seeking children have substantial health needs and healthcare access barriers that are not routinely addressed. The authors propose a service model for healthcare provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a common and, in its severe form, potentially life-threatening complication of Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in children. Recent data indicate an important role of BK virus reactivation during the time of maximal post-transplant immune suppression in the pathogenesis of late-onset HC. Treatment of HC is mainly symptomatic and often frustrating. To give clinicians guidance on prevention and treatment options and their backing by scientific evidence, we have systematically assessed the available literature and devised evidence-based guidelines. Our comprehensive review demonstrates that evidence for the most commonly used interventions (such as cidofovir, oestrogen, hyperbaric oxygen, bladder instillation with formalin, alum salts or prostaglandin) is very limited. Some of these interventions also carry significant risks. Higher level evidence exists only for 2-mercaptoethane sodium (MESNA) and hyperhydration as a preventative intervention, and for systemic recombinant Factor VII as a treatment to stop acute haemorrhage. Further high-quality studies are required to establish effective and safe prevention and treatment options for HC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]