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As the backbone of the national innovation system, enterprises are the key drivers of economic development and environmental sustainability. However, at the microlevel, research in this area is lacking, as attention is paid on the comprehensive capabilities of top managers, industrial heterogeneity, and heterogeneous green innovation (GI), including inventive innovation and utility innovation. Based on Upper Echelons Theory, this paper constructs a research framework to explore and empirically analyze the specific impact of managerial capacity (MA) of top managers, as "gatekeepers" of enterprise decision‐making, on the heterogeneous enterprise GI, as well as its potential mechanism. Our results shows that (1), overall, MA can significantly promote GI of enterprises. Interestingly, compared with green strategic innovation, managerial capacity has a greater effect on green inventive innovation; (2) based on industrial heterogeneity, in heavy‐polluting industries, managerial capacity is more likely to promote green strategic innovation rather than green inventive innovation; (3) further analysis shows that enterprise value, internal control quality, and financing constraints are important mechanisms; and (4) the moderating effect of external environment shows that to some extent either the regional marketization level or management capabilities can drive GI. This paper has practical implications for policymakers and corporate managers adopting the management heterogeneity perspective and suggests areas for future studies in this field to promote green low‐carbon transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic and China's "digital power" strategy, the realization of a green shift of manufacturing has become a necessary condition to promote the economy, and the digital factor has increasingly become a new driving force. The DEA‐Malmquist index and entropy method were used to measure the manufacturing green total factor productivity (GTFP) and the level of digital economy level from 2011 to 2018, respectively. This study then explored the impact of digital economy on manufacturing GTFP based on the system generalized method of moments (GMM) model, as well as the adjustment effects of talent aggregation and financial scale according to the moderating model. This research came to four conclusions. (1) The digital economy can significantly improve the manufacturing GTFP of China, and the influence shows the characteristic of a "marginal increase"; (2) notably, the perspective of manufacturing GTFP decomposition indicates that the digital economy exerts a significant positive effect on manufacturing technical efficiency during the current period but obviously hinders technical progress; (3) interestingly, a mechanistic test showed that the two dimensions of innovation environment—talent aggregation (0.385) and financial scale (0.359)—play critical moderating roles in the influencing process; and (4) the influence has evident regional heterogeneity—it is significantly positive in the east and negative in the central region and west. Finally, corresponding policy suggestions are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The associations of non‐pathogenic variants of APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 with Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unclear. This study is aimed at determining the role of these variants in AD. Methods: Our study recruited 1154 AD patients and 2403 controls. APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, and APOE were sequenced using a targeted panel. Variants were classified into common or rare variants with the minor allele frequencies (MAF) cutoff of 0.01. Common variant (MAF≥0.01)‐based association test was performed by PLINK 1.9, and gene‐based (MAF <0.01) association analysis was conducted using Sequence Kernel Association Test‐Optimal (SKAT‐O test). Additionally, using PLINK 1.9, we performed AD endophenotypes association studies. Results: A common variant, PSEN2 rs11405, was suggestively associated with AD risk (p = 1.08 × 10−2). The gene‐based association analysis revealed that the APP gene exhibited a significant association with AD (p = 1.43 × 10−2). In the AD endophenotypes association studies, APP rs459543 was nominally correlated with CSF Aβ42 level (p = 7.91 × 10−3). Conclusion: Our study indicated that non‐pathogenic variants in PSEN2 and APP may be involved in AD pathogenesis in the Chinese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: We mainly evaluate retinal alterations in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, investigate the associations between retinal changes with AD biomarkers, and explore an optimal machine learning (ML) model for AD diagnosis based on retinal thickness. Methods: A total of 159 AD patients and 299 healthy controls were enrolled. The retinal parameters of each participant were measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Additionally, cognitive impairment severity, brain atrophy, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers were measured in AD patients. Results: AD patients demonstrated a significant decrease in the average, superior, and inferior quadrant peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, macular retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL) thicknesses, as well as total macular volume (TMV) (all p < 0.05). Moreover, TMV was positively associated with Mini‐Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores, IPL thickness was correlated negatively with the medial temporal lobe atrophy score, and the GCL thickness was positively correlated with CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 and negatively associated with p‐tau level. Based on the significantly decreased OCT variables between both groups, the XGBoost algorithm exhibited the best diagnostic performance for AD, whose four references, including accuracy, area under the curve, f1 score, and recall, ranged from 0.69 to 0.74. Moreover, the macular retinal thickness exhibited an absolute superiority for AD diagnosis compared with other enrolled variables in all ML models. Conclusion: We identified the retinal alterations in AD patients and found that macular thickness and volume were associated with AD severity and biomarkers. Furthermore, we confirmed that OCT combined with ML could serve as a potential diagnostic tool for AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: CYLD was a novel causative gene for frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Given the clinical and pathological overlap of FTD and Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is necessary to screen CYLD in AD patients and FTD patients in the Chinese population. Methods: In our study, using a targeted sequencing panel, we sequenced the CYLD gene in a large cohort of 2485 participants in the Chinese population, including 1008 AD patients, 105 FTD patients, and 1372 controls. Results: In the present study, the average onset age of AD and FTD patients was 66.84 ± 30.42 years old and 60 ± 10.00 years old, respectively. Our study reported three novel CYLD variants: p.Phe288Leu (patient No. 1, AD), p.Tyr485Phe (patients No. 6–9, all AD) and p.Thr951Ala (patient No. 10, AD), plus a previously reported variant: p.Arg397Ser (patient No. 2–5, AD and No. 11, FTD). These variants were absent in our in‐house controls and predicted to be deleterious according to the MutationTaster. The variant carriers were composed of 10 AD patients and one FTD patient, and the average onset age was 61.2 ± 10.9 years. The frequency of CYLD variants in AD was similar to that in FTD, which was 0.99% (10/1008) and 0.95% (1/105), respectively. Interpretation: Our finding extended the genotype and phenotype of the CYLD gene and demonstrated that CYLD rare damaging variants may be implicated in AD and FTD pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The role of vascular dementia (VaD)‐associated genes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains elusive despite similar clinical and pathological features. We aimed to explore the relationship between these genes and AD in the Chinese population. Methods: Eight VaD‐associated genes were screened by a targeted sequencing panel in a sample of 3604 individuals comprising 1192 AD patients and 2412 cognitively normal controls. Variants were categorized into common variants and rare variants according to minor allele frequency (MAF). Common variant (MAF ≥ 0.01)‐based association analysis was conducted by PLINK 1.9. Rare variant (MAF < 0.01) association study and gene‐based aggregation testing of rare variants were performed by PLINK 1.9 and Sequence Kernel Association Test‐Optimal (SKAT‐O test), respectively. Age at onset (AAO) and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) association studies were performed with PLINK 1.9. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, and APOE ε4 status. Results: Four common COL4A1 variants, including rs874203, rs874204, rs16975492, and rs1373744, exhibited suggestive associations with AD. Five rare variants, NOTCH3 rs201436750, COL4A1 rs747972545, COL4A1 rs201481886, CST3 rs765692764, and CST3 rs140837441, showed nominal association with AD risk. Gene‐based aggregation testing revealed that HTRA1 was nominally associated with AD. In the AAO and MMSE association studies, variants in GSN, ITM2B, and COL4A1 reached suggestive significance. Conclusion: Common variants in COL4A1 and rare variants in HTRA1, NOTCH3, COL4A1, and CST3 may be implicated in AD pathogenesis. Besides, GSN, ITM2B, and COL4A1 are probably involved in the development of AD endophenotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two novel, donor–acceptor‐type π‐conjugated polymers (P1 and P2) with 3′‐(thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐2,5‐diylbis(methan‐1‐yl‐1‐ylidene))bis‐(indolin‐2‐one) (ITTI) as the acceptor and thiophene/bithiophene as the donor are designed and synthesized by palladium‐catalyzed Stille coupling. The optical and electrochemical properties of these polymers are characterized and further implemented into organic field‐effect transistors (OFET). Both polymers exhibit excellent thermal stability, broad UV–vis absorption, and high highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels. Thermal annealing induces a well‐ordered structure, a highly planar π‐system (oxygen–sulfur interaction), and a bathochromic shift in the polymers; furthermore, significant enhancement of the long wavelength intensity is also observed. Both polymers exhibit p‐type charge transport behavior, with hole mobilities up to 0.51 cm2 V−1 s−1 for P1 and 0.65 cm2 V−1 s−1 for P2. This work demonstrates that ITTI can be a promising building block for the construction of donor–acceptor polymers with high‐performance OFETs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]