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Iatrogenic aneurysms of the splenic artery constitute a rare yet potentially severe complication arising from diverse medical or surgical interventions. The clinical complexity and challenging management strategies associated with these aneurysms pose significant difficulties for clinicians. This circumstance is exemplified in our case report, detailing an iatrogenic aneurysm of the splenic artery that emerged secondary to a pancreatic fistula following a median pancreatectomy performed for a Frantz tumor. The intricate clinical presentation of this case underscores the considerable management challenges posed by such iatrogenic complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermal oxidation stabilization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) copolymer is a highly exothermic process. It significantly impacts the quality of the finished PAN‐based carbon fiber, which is often addressed by adding appropriate comonomers. This paper synthesized guanidine crotonate (GCA) as a comonomer and copolymerized with acrylonitrile (AN) to prepare P(AN‐GCA). DSC analysis revealed that when compared to PAN and P(AN‐CA) copolymers, the initial exothermic temperature, maximum exothermic heat flux, and heat flux of P(AN‐GCA) copolymer were greatly reduced. FT‐IR spectroscopy showed that the degree of pre‐oxidation increased with the increasing comonomer GCA content, indicating that the addition of comonomer GCA could promote PAN pre‐oxidation cyclization and improve the copolymer's degree of pre‐oxidation. The activation energies of PAN and P(AN‐GCA) were 160 and 126 KJ/mol, respectively. It was shown that the addition of GCA could effectively reduce the activation energy of the cyclization reaction of the polymer while simultaneously promoting it. TGA analysis shows that the introduction of GCA improves the copolymer's thermal stability, and the yield at 800°C is more than 54%, which is at least 19% higher than PAN homopolymer. P(AN‐GCA) has the potential to be carbon fiber precursor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers in Arab countries. Lack of knowledge and awareness regarding breast cancer screening has increased the breast cancer‐related morbidity and mortality. Purpose: This literature review aimed to assess published research papers with a focus on the levels of knowledge, attitude, practice, and barriers of women in Arab countries of the Middle East toward breast cancer and its screening. Method: SCOPUS, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar were searched using specific terms for relevant, quantitative, original studies published between 2017 and 2022. All English articles that matched the inclusion criteria were included in this review. Fourteen studies focusing on knowledge, attitudes, and barriers regarding breast cancer were included. Two independent reviewers performed screening and extraction. Results: Among the reviewed studies, a range from 19.6% in Oman to 67% in Saudi Arabia had poor knowledge of breast cancer. Past personal or family history was a well‐recognized risk factor (n = 5), and being worried about the results was the most common barrier to screening. Although most women were aware of screening methods, the majority did not practice screening. Social media and the internet were the most used sources of information used by women to obtain knowledge regarding breast cancer and its screening (n = 6). Conclusion: Most of the Arab female population had low levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding breast cancer and its screening. Programs designed to raise awareness are necessary, and more policy changes must take place on the national level in Arab, Middle Eastern countries to address the low knowledge, the negative attitudes, and the limited access to breast cancer screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis and structural analysis of complexes derived from (E)‐N′‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxybenzylidene) isonicotino hydrazide (ITB ligand) were examined using multiple analytical techniques. These techniques included TGA, decomposition point determination, elemental analysis (CHN), spectroscopic (IR, NMR, mass spectrometry) analysis, magnetic susceptibility, conductivity, as well UV–Vis spectrum analysis, along with theoretical studies. Molar conductance values indicated that the Cd (II), Co (II), Cu (II), Ni (II), and Zn (II) complexes are non‐electrolytes in fresh DMSO solutions, with conductance values ranging from 8.5 to 14.35 Ω−1 cm2 mol−1. IR spectra suggested which the ligand coordinates through the metal ions in a tridentate fashion, utilizing the (N & O) donor sites from the (CN & CO & CO) groups in the hydroxybenzylidene moiety. Analytical data from solution complexation, job's method suggested a 1:1 (metal:ligand) molar ratio. The stability order of the complexes was determined as ITBCo > ITBCu > ITBNi > ITBZn > ITBCd, consistent with the stability constant (Kf) values. The pH profile indicated that the studied complexes exhibit stability upon a wide pH scale, typically between (pH = 4:10). Magnetic and electronic spectral analyses helped deduce the ligand coordination abilities and the geometric structures of the complexes. In vitro (antimicrobial & anticancer) performances of the studied complexes were tested versus various (microbial strains & cancer cell lines), revealing higher activity in the chelates assessed to the free (ITB) ligand. The antioxidant potential was also assessed using the DPPH assay. Finally, molecular docking was performed toward estimate the binding efficiency between various protein receptors and the compounds, with results aligning with the biological investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing efficient and durable electrocatalysts for ethanol electro‐oxidation is crucial for enabling the application of direct ethanol fuel cell technology. Herein, it is demonstrated that Pt–Ga liquid metal‐based nanodroplets can serve as an efficient electrocatalyst to drive ethanol oxidation. The mass activity of Pt is significantly improved by alloying with liquid gallium. Guided by machine learning neural networks, a low‐concentration alkaline electrolyte is specifically formulated to allow electrodes with ultralow Pt loading to demonstrate remarkable activity toward ethanol oxidation with a mass activity as high as 13.47 A mg−1Pt, which is more than 14 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts (i.e., 0.76 A mg−1Pt). Computational studies reveal that the superior activity is associated with the presence of Ga oxides adjacent to Pt on the catalyst surface which leads to energetically favorable pathways for the oxidation process. The findings reveal untapped opportunities in the realm of liquid metal catalysis and hold great promise for the future development of high‐performance alcohol fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work deals with the Argon (Ar) Thermal plasma‐induced surface modification of Cu and its correlation with the electrical and field emission (FE) properties. Polycrystalline Cu targets were treated with Ar thermal plasma under atmospheric pressure at different treatment times ranging from 5 min to 30 min. XRD patterns revealed the absence of new phase in treated samples. However, significant variation in peak intensities and shifting is observed, which is explained on the basis of thermal plasma ions induced defect generation and annihilation processes. The electrical conductivity of processed Cu targets measured by four‐probe method ranges from 1.9 MS/m to 70 MS/m and is well correlated with the crystallite size variation. Surface modification induced work function alternations investigated by employing Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP) technique are in the range of 4.69 eV 4.97 eV. The irradiated morphology explored by optical and scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed the formation of localized melt pools, grains, hillocks, spheroids, and sputtered patches, which are explainable on the basis of Coulomb's explosion, thermal spike model, plasma‐induced sputtering, and re‐deposition. FE properties of thermal plasma‐treated Cu are measured in diode configuration by measuring I‐V characteristics of target under ultra‐high vacuum condition. The improved FE parameters such as turn‐on field (Eo), field enhancement factor (β), and maximum current density (Jmax) come out to be in the range of 3–7.5 V/μm, 1715–3223, and 284–872 nA/cm2, respectively and their correlation with plasma‐induced surface structural, morphological and work function modifications is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infectious diseases are a serious threat to the existence of animals and humans' life. In the 21st century, the emergence and re‐emergence of several zoonotic and non‐zoonotic global pandemic diseases of socio‐economic importance has affected billions of humans and animals. The need for expensive equipment and laboratories, non‐availability of on‐site testing abilities, with time‐consuming and low sensitivity and specificity issues of currently available diagnostic techniques to identify these pathogenic micro‐organisms on a large scale highlighted the need for developing cheap, portable environment friendly diagnostic methods. In recent years, these issues have been addressed by clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐based diagnostic platforms that have transformed the molecular diagnostic field due to their outstanding ultra‐sensitive nucleic acid detecting capabilities. In this study, we highlight the types, potential of different Cas proteins, and amplification systems. We also illuminate the application of currently available CRISPR integrated setups on the diagnosis of infectious diseases, majorly in food‐producing animals (pigs, ruminants, poultry, and aquaculture), domestic pets (dogs and cats), and diseases of zoonotic importance. We conclude the challenges and future perspectives of using these systems to rapidly diagnose and treat other infectious diseases and also develop control strategies to prevent the spread of pathogenic organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Indian summer monsoon (ISM) is the prominent global monsoon system, which occur annually from June to September and impacts the lives of over a quarter of the world's population. Studies show that global warming is one of the key reasons for the extreme events such as droughts and floods, and that also alter regional dynamics of ISM. Consequently, a comprehensive investigation of flood and drought events in India is imperative, because of their important role in the economy of the country. Here, we employ simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) models to evaluate the intensity and frequency of droughts and floods across historical (1950–2014) and future (2015–2100) periods. We explore the best‐performing model for the ISM rainfall (ISMR) to unravel the characteristics of floods and droughts by analysing rainfall data from 53 models. Although majority of the models successfully replicate the annual cycle of ISMR, there exists a significant difference in rainfall amounts. Following an initial screening to identify the most efficient models, eight are selected for an in‐depth assessment. The chosen models slightly overestimate drought conditions, although they demonstrate a commendable concurrence in simulating the flood occurrences in India. Regarding the future projections, we analyse the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0 and SSP5‐8.5) for near (2015–2035)‐, mid (2047–2067)‐ and far (2079–2099)‐future periods, in addition to the total projection period (2015–2100). Our analysis reveals an increasing trend of droughts in the near‐future, compared to an increase in floods during the far‐future. It is also highlighted that the intensity of droughts is projected to amplify in the far‐future, while the intensity of floods is likely to diminish. Therefore, this study serves as a valuable resource for decision‐making processes, particularly in the flood, drought and agricultural disaster preparedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a metabolic disorder, has the hallmarks of persistent hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Protein‐tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) was found to be overexpressed in many tissues in the case of T2DM and involved in the negative regulation of insulin signaling. So, PTP1B inhibition can act as a therapeutic target for T2DM. Numerous studies claimed the anti‐inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, and hypolipidemic activities of Dodonaea viscosa. Previously, we generated the high‐fat diet (HFD)‐low dose streptozotocin (STZ)–induced diabetic male mice model and treated it with a PTP1B inhibitor (5, 7‐dihydroxy‐3, 6‐dimethoxy‐2‐ (4‐methoxy‐3‐ (3‐methyl‐2‐enyl) phenyl)‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one), isolated from Dodonaea viscosa. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the De novo lipogenesis, adipocyte differentiation, augmentation of lipoproteins clearance, fatty acid uptake, antilipolysis activity, and hepatic steatosis of PTP1B inhibition in adipose and liver tissues of the HFD‐STZ–induced diabetic mice model. We found the retrieval of normal morphology of adipocytes and hepatocytes in the compound‐treated group. The biochemical parameters showed the gradual reduction of LDL, VLDL, TC, and TG in the serum of the compound‐treated group. To further test our hypothesis, real‐time PCR was performed, and data revealed the reduction of PTP1B and other inflammatory markers in both tissues, showing enhanced expression of insulin signaling markers (INSR, IRS1, IRS2, and PI3K). Our compound upregulated the adipogenic (PPARγ), lipogenic (SREBP1c, FAS, ACC, and DGAT2), lipoprotein clearance (LPL, LDLR, and VLDLR), fatty acid uptake (CD36 and FATP1), and lipid droplet forming (FSP27 and perilipin‐1) markers expressions in adipocytes and downregulated in hepatocytes. Furthermore, we found elevated cholesterol efflux (in adipose and liver) and decreased lipolysis in adipocytes and elevated in hepatocytes. Hence, we can conclude that our compound protects the adipocytes from abrupt lipolysis and stimulates adipocyte differentiation. In addition, it plays a hepatic protective role by shifting clearance and uptake of lipoproteins and fatty acids to the peripheral tissues and retrieving the fatty liver condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An innovative, previously unexplored approach that leverages elastomeric membranes (EM) to develop a highly deformable cavity optomechanical resonator is proposed. This resonator generates multi soliton frequency combs (FCs) with low power consumption, a phenomenon of great interest in the realm of nonlinear light‐matter interactions. This approach marks a breakthrough due to its streamlined simplicity, utilizing a single continuous‐wave (CW) laser pump and an external acoustic wave. Matching the acoustic wave frequency with natural frequencies of the EM resonator accompanied by mechanical Kerr nonlinearities and dispersion give rise to the formation of mechanical FCs. The hyperelastic mechanical resonator and electromagnetic cavity resonance are parametrically coupled within the microwave frequency range, catalyzing the generation of mechanical FCs and their seamless transformation into optomechanical solitons within the optical domain with remarkable efficiency. Achieving stable pulse trains with a free spectral range ranging from 2 to 9 kHz using a few millimeter‐sized cavity by supplying 2 to 4 mW pump power marks a pivotal advancement in chip‐scale optomechanical resonators. This breakthrough holds transformative potential in domains such as quantum computing and spectroscopy. This method is fundamental to the creation of a mechanical Kerr medium, effectively bypassing the reliance on high mechanical quality‐factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field effect transistors based on 2D layered material have gained significant potential in emerging technologies, such as neuromorphic computing and ultrafast memory response for artificial intelligence applications. This study proposes a facile approach to fabricate an optoelectronic artificial synapse for neuromorphic computing and light‐decoding information system by utilizing the 2D heterostructure of CrSBr/PtS2 to overcome circuit complexity. The CrSBr layer serves as a trapping layer, while PtS2, mounted on top of CrSBr, acts as a channel layer. PtS2 exhibits n‐type semiconductor behavior with a hysteresis that varies with the thickness of the underlying CrSBr layer. The heterostructure device, featuring a 96.3 nm thick CrSBr layer, exhibited a large memory window of 11.9 V when the gate voltage is swept from −10 V to +10 V. Various synaptic behaviors are effectively demonstrated, including paired‐pulse facilitation, excitatory postsynaptic current, optical spike number and intensity‐dependent plasticity using laser light at a wavelength of 365 nm. The device achieves 26 distinct output signals depending on the intensity of the incident laser light, ranging from 10 to 385 mW cm−2, enabling its applications for light‐decoded information security systems. Thus, the investigation presents a unique approach to artificial intelligence and cybersecurity systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Methods Results Conclusions Mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active component of enteric‐coated mycophenolate sodium (EC‐MPS), exhibits highly variable pharmacokinetics. Only a few population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models and Bayesian estimators (MAP‐BE) exist for estimating MPA AUC and all in renal transplantation. This study aimed to develop a popPK model and MAP‐BE for MPA AUC estimation using a limited sampling strategy (LSS) in solid organ transplant (SOT), haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) recipients and patients with autoimmune diseases (AID) on EC‐MPS.Full and sparse MPA pharmacokinetic profiles were extracted from our ISBA system, split into development (75%) and validation (25%) sets. An additional extraction was performed after the modelling process for external validation. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using Monolix® (SAEM algorithm). Several absorption models (first order, transit, gamma) were compared. AUCpredicted by MAP‐BE and LSS was compared to the all‐sample MAP‐BE AUCreference using Simulx®.We included 153 PK profiles (863 concentration) from 129 patients (116 SOT and HSC, 13 AID), median [min–max] age 45 years [6–80]. A one‐compartment model with double‐gamma absorption and first‐order elimination best fitted the data. The final model included the EC‐MPS indication and inter‐occasion variability on gamma rate constants. Main PK parameters (mean ± SD) were Cl/F = 4.99 ± 2.22 L/h and Vd/F = 12.60 ± 0.08 L. The optimal LSS at 20 min, 2 h and 4 h post‐dose showed good performance in both validation sets (rMPE −2.67% and −4.91%; RMSE 13.55% and 13.47%).The double‐gamma absorption model provided an accurate fit. The MAP‐BE offers a tool for EC‐MPS dose individualization in SOT, HSC and AID patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the double‐perovskite Ba2GdRuO6 are investigated using both first‐principles calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. Spin–orbit coupling is incorporated to accurately capture the interactions between the 4d and 4f electrons, which play a crucial role in determining the material's magnetic and electronic properties. The calculations showed that the ferrimagnetic structure, with an optimal lattice parameter of 8.41 Å, is the most stable configuration. Additionally, the density of states and band structure calculations reveal a semiconducting nature at the Fermi level, with a total magnetic moment of 4 μB$\left(\mu\right)_{\text{B}}$. To further investigate the system, Monte Carlo simulations are performed to study the effect of crystal fields on the transition temperatures. The results reveal several critical phenomena, including compensation temperature, critical endpoints, and first‐ and second‐order phase transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capacitive touch screens (CTS's) are essential components in most of today's digital devices. However, for the visually impaired (VI) users due to the uneven topography of the tactile surface, CTS's are more challenging to implement and thus this field remains largely underdeveloped. Considering the limited space around the microactuators driving the typical Braille dots for a tactile screen with ten dots‐per‐inch (dpi) resolution, the materials used for CTS should be flexible and durable with high mechanical strength. In this work, a flexible CTS based on polyimide (PI) and silver nanowires (AgNWs) as electrodes with a total thickness of 210 µm is developed. The dimensions of the AgNWs are on average 7.9 ± 2.4 µm in length and 85 ± 24 nm in width. The AgNWs electrodes showed low resistance and good adhesion to the PI substrate. A gesture recognition application is collected from the capacitive data to classify different gestures (including single‐ and double‐click, swipe‐left and ‐right, scroll‐up and ‐down as well as zoom‐in and ‐out) with two different approaches; machine learning and deep learning are implemented. The best performance is obtained using the YOLO model with a high validation accuracy of 97.76%. Finally, a software application is developed with the proposed hand gestures in real‐time to foster interaction of VI users with the tactile display allowing them to navigate a Windows file system and interact with the documents via hand gestures in a similar manner as sighted users on a conventional touch display will be able to do. This work paves the way to utilize CTS for the tactile displays in the market developed for VI users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expanding importance of technology, particularly mobile banking, in the financial industry, is examined in this literature review, as well as the crucial role that cybersecurity knowledge plays in protecting online transactions. Users now have the flexibility to conduct payments whenever and wherever they wish thanks to the advent of mobile banking. Further consumer behavior study is necessary due to difficulties with its acceptability. Given the hazards involved in online and mobile banking, cybersecurity is revealed as a critical component. Users' actions might lead to financial losses since they represent security concerns. The evaluation places a strong emphasis on the necessity of increasing user cybersecurity knowledge and comprehension. Wireless banking is still in its early phases and needs more study on consumer acceptability and behavior despite the greater accessibility of technology. Furthermore, the research study emphasizes the socio‐technical difficulties governments encounter in tackling cybersecurity and emphasizes how urgently better readiness is needed in the face of cyberwarfare threats. It investigated how user behavior in mobile banking in particular geographic areas, such as Thailand, relates to cyberspace knowledge and consciousness. The assessment emphasizes the value of technology in banking, the difficulties associated with cybersecurity, and the demand for increased customer knowledge and comprehension to ensure safe digital transactions. To conduct this research activity, standardized questionnaires are used. The technique employed to get this data was convenience sampling. The statistics collection size stood at 500 and was gathered from males as well as females of all ages, belonging to diverse revenue groups, and numerous professional backgrounds. The survey finds that even while these services are becoming widespread in the UAE, customers' awareness and understanding of cyber security are still insufficient. Users frequently underrate the security dangers involved with online transactions, which might create openings. Additionally, the study underlines the necessity of more effective training programs and efforts to raise mobile banking consumers' knowledge of cybersecurity issues. It also emphasizes how crucial it is to build cybersecurity precautions into the structure and functioning of services for mobile banking. The purpose of this study was to examine the demographic characteristics of consumers and companies (online transactions) that use mobile banking apps to get special advantages. It was shown that people's satisfaction with mobile banking applications was influenced by a number of criteria, including age, employment, income, marital status, and educational attainment. Younger consumers, such as students and recent graduates, are seen to be happy than customers of various ages and vocations, and males are thought to be happier than women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous works that investigated the characteristics of heat transfer and fluid flow in channels with corrugated walls have been extensively reviewed in this study. In accordance with the fast increase in power consumption requirements, many researchers have investigated a new approach for cooling techniques that can enhance the cooling performance of devices without consuming more power. To improve the efficiency of energy systems, many investigators and engineers implement promising techniques such as surface optimization and additives as passive methods to augment the rates of heat transfer. Researchers investigated different corrugation profiles along with various working fluids as well as external power devices to further improve the heat exchange process of thermal systems. The aim of this article is to give a clear preview of the effects of different parameters such as wave parameters, Reynolds number, type of working fluid, and pulsating flow condition on the average and local Nusselt number, the pressure drop, the performance factors, and irreversibility. The main findings are listed in tables and depicted in figures, the matter that helps engineers and researchers to choose a suitable channel shape for their applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis, single‐crystal X‐ray structure determination and thermal analysis are reported for a novel heteronuclear oxalate compound synthesized from a mixture of Fe and Na salts, oxalic acid and N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) in aqueous solution. The new metallooxalate compound was obtained and identified as a dimethylammonium tris(oxalato)ferrate(III), namely, poly[[bis(dimethylammonium) [tri‐μ‐oxalato‐sodium(I)iron(III)]]–dimethylamine–water (3/1/1)], [NH2(CH3)2]2[NaFe(C2O4)3]·0.33NH(CH3)2·0.33H2O, which crystallizes in the orthorhombic noncentrosymmetric space group C2221. In this novel structure, each Fe atom is hexacoordinated by three non‐equivalent bidentate oxalate ligands, while the four Na atoms adopt different coordination numbers, i.e. 6, 7 and 8. The structure consists of bimetallic anionic A layers, {[NaFe(C2O4)3]2−}n, displaying a layered structure with infinitely linked Fe2Na2 tetramers on the ab plane. Two kinds of bimetallic parallel layers (A1 and A2) are present alternately and are found to be staggered, while only the A2 layer is crossed by a twofold axis parallel to the a axis through two Na atoms. The [NH2(CH3)2]+ (HDMA) cations occupy the voids between the anionic layers, while the free molecules, i.e. NH(CH3)2 (DMA) and H2O, are located between two different anionic layers. In addition to ionic bonds, the stability of the structure is ensured by hydrogen‐bond interactions involving the oxalate ligands and the nitrogenous and water molecules. The layered structure appears to be different in the family of oxalate‐bridged NaI–FeIII compounds. It is in agreement with the predicted 2D or layered structure of bimetallic complexes containing anionic tris(oxalato)metallate(III) with the [XR4]+ counter‐ion template (X = N, P or S, and R = alkyl group or H). The thermal decomposition of the compound shows the final residual product to be NaFeO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rising global demand for energy requires, among others, sustainable energy storage devices. Biosourced redox‐active molecules are interesting for eco‐designed electrochemical energy storage as they increase the energy density of the electrodes adding the Faradaic (redox) storage mechanism to the electrostatic one. The engineering of the electrode surface and electrode surface/molecule interface is key to optimizing storage. Here, (i) electrodes prepared by ultrasound‐assisted modification of carbon cloth in the presence of Sepia melanin, a quinone macromolecule, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and (ii) their use in flexible symmetric electrochemical capacitors assembled with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐based hydrogel electrolyte is reported. Electrodes exhibit an areal capacitance as high as 274 mF cm−2. Corresponding semi‐solid‐state symmetric supercapacitors feature high energy density of 18 Wh kg−1, power density up to 221 W kg−1 (evaluated at 0.5 A g−1), outstanding cycling stability (100% capacitance retention, and 100% Coulombic efficiency after 10 000 cycles) along with excellent flexibility. This work contributes to the development of sustainable surface engineering approaches for environmentally benign electrochemical energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify serum‐ and salivary‐derived inflammatory biomarkers of periodontitis progression and determine their response to non‐surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: Periodontally healthy (H; n = 113) and periodontitis patients (P; n = 302) were monitored bi‐monthly for 1 year without therapy. Periodontitis patients were re‐examined 6 months after non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Participants were classified according to disease progression: P0 (no sites progressed; P1: 1–2 sites progressed; P2: 3 or more sites progressed). Ten salivary and five serum biomarkers were measured using Luminex. Log‐transformed levels were compared over time according to baseline diagnosis, progression trajectory and after NSPT. Significant differences were sought using linear mixed models. Results: P2 presented higher levels (p <.05) of salivary IFNγ, IL‐6, VEGF, IL‐1β, MMP‐8, IL‐10 and OPG over time. Serum analytes were not associated with progression. NSPT led to clinical improvement and significant reduction of IFNγ, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐1β, MMP‐8, IL‐10, OPG and MMP‐9 in saliva and of CRP, MMP‐8, MMP‐9 and MPO in serum. Conclusions: Periodontitis progression results from a sustained pro‐inflammatory milieu that is reflected in salivary biomarkers, but less so in serum, likely because of the limited amount of progression per patient. NSPT can significantly decrease the levels of several salivary analytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary antiphospholipid syndrome and protein S deficiency are known hypercoagulable states predisposing to strokes. We present a 34‐year‐old woman presented to rheumatology clinic complaining of right side weakness and aphasia for 2 months before the visit. There was joint pain in the right elbow and shoulder joints, hyperpigmentation on her face and dry painful red eyes mainly the right eye in addition to dry mouth. She had a history of recurrent abortions. Neurological examination showed hypertonia on right lower and upper limb and normal on left one, while the power was grade 3 on right side and normal in left one. Upper motor neuron signs and facial palsy was noted. Hyperpigmentation in the face was observed. MRI brain showed that left temporoparietal hemorrhagic infraction involving the basal ganglia and MRV brain showed left transverse sinus thrombosis and attenuation of sigmoid and internal jugular vein. B2‐glycoprotein Ig AGM, lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin (IgG, IgM, and IgA), protein S were positive. ANA profile was borderline for PCNA. We report unusual venous sinus thrombosis with primary antiphospholipid syndrome and acquired protein S deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health disorder resulting from exposure to traumatic events, manifesting in various debilitating symptoms. Despite available treatments, many individuals experience inadequate response or significant side effects. Previous reviews suggest promising outcomes with MDMA‐assisted psychotherapy (MDMA‐AT), but limitations prompt the need for a comprehensive evaluation. Methods: We searched various online databases and registries such as MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov to retrieve RCTs that fit our inclusion criteria. We performed meta‐analyses using Review Manager by applying a random‐effects model. Dichotomous and continuous outcomes were pooled as risk ratios (RR) and standard mean difference (SMD), respectively. Results: Nine studies with a total of 297 participants with PTSD were included in our meta‐analysis. The control group consisted of inactive doses of MDMA (25–40 mg) or placebo. Our meta‐analysis showed that MDMA‐AT led to a significant reduction in the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale for DSM‐5 (CAPS‐5) severity scores as compared to the control group (SMD −1.10, 95% CI: −1.62 to −0.59). More patients in the MDMA‐AT group exhibited significant response (RR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.08) and remission (RR 2.32, 95% CI: 1.47 to 3.66) as compared to patients in the control group. There was no significant difference regarding the incidence of ≥1 treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAE), ≥1 severe TEAE, and suicidal ideation between the two groups. Conclusion: MDMA‐AT demonstrates significant efficacy in improving PTSD symptoms, enhancing both response and remission rates in individuals with chronic, treatment‐resistant PTSD, while maintaining a favorable safety profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein we described the biofabrication of samarium oxide nanoparticles (HT‐Sm2O3 NPs) by applying the aqueous fruit extract of Hyphaene thebaica was utilized as an eco‐friendly chelating agent. The prepared NPs were subjected to various physicochemical properties and potential in biomedical applications. X‐ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern revealed sharp peaks that corroborated with the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) card no. 00–042‐1464. Crystallite size obtained from Debye–Scherrer approximation and Williamson–Hall (W–H) plot was 28.73 and 69.3 nm, respectively. Optical bandgap was calculated by employing Kubelka–Munk (K–M) function and was found to be ~4.58 eV. Raman shift was observed at 121, 351, 424—, and 561 cm−1. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra revealed two major peaks positioned at 360 and 540 nm. The high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) analysis of HT‐Sm2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) showed that they predominantly have spherical to cuboidal shapes. Additionally, the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern presented spotty rings, indicating a high level of crystallinity in these NPs. The potential nanomedicine applications were studied using diverse bioassays using different treatments. The antioxidant activity demonstrated 45.71% ± 1.13% inhibition at 1000 μg/mL. Brine shrimp lethality assay revealed the highest cytotoxicity of 46.67% ± 3.33% at 1000 μg/mL and LC50 value of 1081 μg/mL. HT‐Sm2O3 NPs exhibited inhibition of angiogenesis (20.41% ± 1.18%) at of 1000 μg/mL. MTT assay results indicated that HT‐Sm2O3 NPs exhibit inhibitory effects on cell lines. Specifically, these NPs showed an IC50 value of 104.6 μg/mL against 3T3 cells. Against MCF‐7 cells, the NPs demonstrated an IC50 value of 413.25 μg/mL. Additionally, in the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the newly synthesized NPs showed an IC50 value of 320 μg/mL. The antidiabetic assessment through α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase inhibition assays revealed, an IC50 value of 380 μg/mL for α‐glucosidase and 952 μg/mL for α‐amylase was calculated. Overall, our study suggested that the Sm2O3 NPs possess moderate anticancer, cholinesterase inhibition, and antidiabetic potential, however, needs further assessment. Research Highlights: In this work, nano‐samaria is synthesized using an eco‐friendly and green approach.The nanoparticles were characterized using techniques such as Raman, HR‐TEM, FTIR, DRS, XRD, and so on, and the applications were studied using multiple in vitro bioassays for Diabetes, Alzheimer, and Cancer.The nano‐samaria revealed good potential for potential biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfur dioxide is serious ultimatum to human health as well as environment, while carbon dioxide is viewed as one of the primary drivers of the worldwide temperature alteration. Therefore, capturing of these gases is a dynamic research subject attracting much consideration from scientists. Herein, we report synthesis of a series of Co‐ZIF and bimetallic M‐Co‐ZIF adsorbents and application for room temperature adsorption of SO2 and CO2. In this work, the breakthrough curves for the adsorption of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide on Co‐ZIF and M‐Co‐ZIF were obtained experimentally and theoretically using a laboratory‐scale fixed bed column at room temperature. In this work, the adsorption capacities and breakthrough points for modified bimetallic M‐Co‐ZIF were found to be relatively higher than parent Co‐ZIF. Notably, a high SO2 uptake capacity of 7.1 mmol/g for Zr‐Co‐ZIF and high CO2 uptake capacity of 69.9 mmol/g for Ni‐Co‐ZIF were achieved. The parent cobalt and bimetallic ZIF materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and nitrogen physisorption. The XRD results confirm the formation of pure phase highly crystalline ZIF materials while BET analysis suggests high surface area of prepared adsorbents. Finally, the results of dynamic adsorption combined with characterization show great potential for preparation of bimetallic ZIF adsorbents for effective SO2 and CO2 adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducing HyperSense, the co‐designed hardware and software system efficiently controls analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC) modules' data generation rate based on object presence predictions in sensor data. Addressing challenges posed by escalating sensor quantities and data rates, HyperSense reduces redundant digital data using energy‐efficient low‐precision ADC, diminishing machine learning system costs. Leveraging neurally inspired hyperdimensional computing, HyperSense analyzes real‐time raw low‐precision sensor data, offering advantages in handling noise, memory‐centricity, and real‐time learning. The proposed HyperSense model combines high‐performance software for object detection with real‐time hardware prediction, introducing the novel concept of intelligent sensor control. Comprehensive software and hardware evaluations demonstrate the solution's superior performance, evidenced by the highest area under the curve and sharpest receiver operating characteristic curve among lightweight models. Hardware‐wise, the field programmable gate array‐based domain‐specific accelerator tailored for HyperSense achieves a 5.6× speedup compared to YOLOv4 on NVIDIA Jetson Orin while showing up to 92.1% energy saving compared to the conventional system. These results underscore HyperSense's effectiveness and efficiency, positioning it as a promising solution for intelligent sensing and real‐time data processing across diverse applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it is aimed to increase the wear and fatigue performance of aluminium‐based sliding bearing material by using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) added lubricant and shot‐peening process. The main purpose is to minimise the wear of the bearing material by penetrating AgNPs added lubricants into the rough surfaces formed by shot peening. Almen intensity, coverage and shot size parameters in the shot‐peening process were analysed in terms of hardness, surface roughness and fatigue strength. The shot‐peened aluminium bronze was subjected to wear experiments under dry, pure water and AgNPs added lubricant conditions. The wear test results were analysed in terms of friction coefficient, wear volume and surface roughness parameters, and the interaction of lubricant and shot‐peening parameters was evaluated. According to the results of the shot‐peening experiments, the Almen intensity was the most effective parameter in terms of hardness and surface roughness (91.62%). It was concluded that the hardness value was 8% higher at high Almen (12–14A) intensity compared with low Almen intensities, and the shot‐peening process could increase the fatigue strength by ~21 times. According to the wear tests, the most effective parameters were 4–6 Almen intensity and AgNP‐added lubricant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical trials evaluating chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) have typically excluded patients with AL amyloidosis. As a result, there are limited data on the safety and efficacy of CAR T‐cell therapy in this patient population. We retrospectively reviewed eight consecutive patients with RRMM and AL amyloidosis who were treated with standard of care CAR T‐cell therapy. Cytokine release syndrome was seen in 75% of patients (grade ≥3: 0%) and immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome (grade 1) in only one patient. Low‐grade cytopenias were common (any grade/grade ≥3: neutropenia 62.5%/37.5%, anemia 37.5%/0%, thrombocytopenia 25%/0%). CAR T‐cell therapy led to rapid and deep responses with a median time to best response of 43 days and a hematologic very good partial response or better rate of 62.5%. Overall, we found that commercial CAR T‐cell therapy was feasible, and effective in patients with RRMM and concurrent AL amyloidosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript, the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the Ga2$_{2}$MnNi compound are investigated using Monte Carlo simulations and first‐principles calculations. Initially, the electronic, structural, and magnetic characteristics of the alloy are explored. The findings indicate that the ferromagnetic state in the F4¯3$\bar{4} 3$m (No. 216) structure, with an optimal lattice parameter of 5.88 Å, was the most stable state compared to nonmagnetic (NM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) states. Phonon dispersion studies confirm the alloy's dynamic stability, while the density of states reveal metallic behavior at the Fermi level. The total magnetic moment is calculated to be 3.48  μB$\left(\mu\right)_{\text{B}}$. Additionally, exchange interactions are computed for Monte Carlo simulations, predicting a Curie temperature (Tc$_{\text{c}}$) of 331 K, consistent with experimental measurements (Tc$_{\text{c}}$ = 330 K). Furthermore, the alloy exhibited a relative cooling power (RCP) of 1133.16 J kg−1 and a magnetocaloric effect of 19.65 J kg−1 K−1 at an applied magnetic field of 5 T. These results indicate that the Ga2$_{2}$MnNi full‐Heusler alloy is a potential option for use in magnetic refrigeration applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathogenic Leptospira species are the source of leptospirosis, a common zoonotic infection that can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations, from minor flu‐like symptoms to severe multiorgan failure. We present two peculiar cases of leptospirosis; they highlight the need for clinical awareness to improve patient outcomes and further knowledge of leptospirosis epidemiology and therapy by illuminating the difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. The first case involved a 30‐year‐old male presented with jaundice. Although he had no history of chronic illnesses, an exhaustive investigation was warranted due to his recent travel history and occupational contact. Laboratory tests revealed significantly increased levels of AST and ALT and positive Leptospira IgM serology. Remarkably, the patient refuted the traditional theory of leptospirosis transmission by denying direct animal interaction. After starting therapy with dexamethasone initially and adding doxycycline later, the patient's condition significantly improved; his jaundice resolved and his liver enzyme levels returned to normal. An outpatient follow‐up after discharge was advised to assess liver and kidney function. The second case involved an 87‐year‐old woman with a fever, weakness and hypertension. Investigations revealed hepatosplenomegaly, raising the possibility of hypersplenism. She reported exposure to animals, particularly her dogs in her urban house. Surprisingly, her AST and ALT levels were normal. Lab tests also revealed thrombocytopoenia with normal APTT and prolonged PT. Serological tests indicated positive Leptospira IgM. Along with intravenous infusions, the patient's treatment plan comprised dexamethasone, enalapril and ceftriaxone to treat inflammation, hypertension and bacterial infection, respectively. Following a 20‐day hospital stay, the patient's laboratory results and symptoms improved, leading to her discharge. Continuous follow‐up recommended to monitor her recovery and prevent recurrence. These case studies emphasise the significance of taking leptospirosis into account when treating patients who do not have normal exposure histories yet present with unusual symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A thiol‐functionalized MOF‐808 was produced and used to remove mercury by post‐synthetic modification using 6‐mercaponicotinic acid (6mna). Parent MOF‐808 was impregnated for varied periods in the 6mna solution to create modified MOF‐808 materials, known as MOF‐808‐6mna‐x, where x refers to the impregnation time. Diffraction and several spectroscopic techniques were employed to quantify and confirm the coordination of 6mna into MOF‐808 framework. The amount of grafted 6man and the ability for adsorption of mercury (Hg) was shown to be linearly associated; the functionalized MOF‐808‐6mna‐36 demonstrated improved Hg(II) removal, with an adsorption capacity of 250 mg/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Interpretation Venous outflow (VO) impairment predicts unfavorable outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion (AIS‐LVO). Prolonged venous transit (PVT), a visual qualitative VO marker on CT perfusion (CTP) time to maximum (Tmax) maps, has been associated with unfavorable 90‐day functional outcomes despite successful reperfusion. This study investigates the association between PVT and percent change on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) among AIS‐LVO patients who have undergone successful reperfusion.We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from consecutive adult AIS‐LVO patients with successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b/2c/3). PVT+ was defined as Tmax ≥10 s in the superior sagittal sinus, torcula, or both. The primary outcome was continuous NIHSS percent change and dichotomous NIHSS percent change ≥70%. Regression analyses were performed to assess the effect of PVT on NIHSS percent change.In 119 patients of median (IQR) age 71 (63–81) years, the admission and discharge NIHSS scores were significantly higher in PVT+ patients compared to PVT− patients (17 [14–23.5] vs. 13 [9.5–19], p = 0.011, and 7.5 [4–12] vs. 3 [1–7], p < 0.001, respectively). After adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, administration of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Scores (ASPECTS), mTICI 2c and/or 3, Tmax >6 s volume, and hemorrhagic transformation, PVT+ was significantly associated with lower NIHSS percent change (B = −0.163, 95%CI −0.326 to −0.001, p = 0.049) and was less likely to achieve higher than 70% NIHSS improvement (OR = 0.331, 95% CI 0.127–0.863, p = 0.024).PVT+ was significantly associated with reduced neurological improvement despite successful reperfusion in AIS‐LVO patients, highlighting the critical role of VO impairment in short‐term functional outcomes. These findings further validate PVT as a valuable adjunct imaging biomarker derived from CTP for assessing VO profiles in AIS‐LVO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human activity recognition (HAR) for disabled people is a vital research area, which aims to help individuals with disabilities in their daily lives. HAR involves using technology, typically wearable devices or sensors, to automatically identify and classify human activities and movements. HAR using deep learning (DL) is an effective and popular method to automatically classify and identify human activities based on sensor information. This article develops a hyperparameter tuned fuzzy deep neural network–based HAR (HTFDNN‐HAR) method. The objective of the HTFDNN‐HAR method lies in human activities identification and classification. In the presented HTFDNN‐HAR technique, cross‐guided bilateral filtering (CGBF)–based preprocessing is initially applied and MobileNetV3 architecture is applied for the effectual extraction of the feature vectors. In addition, the HTFDNN‐HAR technique makes use of the FDNN method for the efficient detection and classification of human activities. Finally, the HTFDNN‐HAR technique applies the manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) technique for the optimum hyperparameter selection of the FDNN approach. A wide range of experiments have been carried out on the CAUCAFall dataset comprising 10,000 samples with two classes. The simulation value highlighted that the HTFDNN‐HAR technique reaches an enhanced accuracy of 99.40% over other recent approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study performs a time‐dependent analysis of mixed convection of an incompressible fluid and heat sink/source factor in an upstanding slit superhydrophobic (SHO) microchannel in the involvement of temperature jump and electroosmotic flow conditions. The internal wall of one of the sides in the microchannel is intentionally modified to demonstrate SHO slip and temperature jump conditions. A transverse magnetic effect is introduced in the path of the flow. The steady‐state solutions of the modeled problem have been analytically derived for temperature, velocity, pressure gradient, sheer stress, and heat transfer rate. The derived results are expounded thoroughly with the use of several plots. It is deduced that the elevating mixed convection (Gre), heat source/sink (Qs), Debye–Hückel (K), and nonlinear parameters (N) are observed to increase the fluid flow as time rises, and these effects are all higher when the velocity slip and temperature jump impacts are present. Further, the application of heat‐generating parameters is viewed to encourage the fluid temperature in the microchannel. Finally, the comparison between the current investigation with the previously published findings demonstrates a very good consistency for the limiting cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Ischemic strokes due to isolated posterior cerebral artery (PCA) occlusions represent 5% of all strokes but have significant impacts on patients' quality of life, primarily due to visual deficits and thalamic involvement. Current guidelines for acute PCA occlusion management are sparse, and the prognostic value of perfusion imaging parameters remains underexplored. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 32 patients with isolated PCA occlusions treated at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions between January 2017 and March 2023. Patients underwent pretreatment perfusion imaging, with perfusion parameters analyzed using RAPID software. The primary outcome was short‐term clinical outcome as measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at discharge. Results: The median age of the cohort was 70 years, with 34% female and 66% male. Significant correlations were found between NIHSS at discharge and various perfusion parameters, including time‐to‐maximum (Tmax) >6 seconds (ρ =.55, p =.004), Tmax >8 seconds (ρ =.59, p =.002), Tmax >10 seconds (ρ =.6, p =.001), mismatch volume (ρ =.51, p =.008), and cerebral blood volume (CBV) < 34% (ρ =.59, p =.002). Conclusions: Tmax and CBV volumes significantly correlated with discharge NIHSS with marginal superiority of Tmax >10 seconds and CBV <42% volumes. These findings suggest that CT and MR perfusion imaging can play a crucial role in the acute management of PCA strokes, though larger, standardized studies are needed to validate these results and refine imaging thresholds specific to posterior circulation infarcts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proteomics has been little used for the identification of novel prognostic and/or therapeutic markers in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)‐wildtype glioblastoma (GB). In this study, we analyzed 50 tumor and 30 serum samples from short‐ and long‐term survivors of IDH‐wildtype GB (STS and LTS, respectively) by data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA‐MS)‐based proteomics, with the aim of identifying such markers. DIA‐MS identified 5422 and 826 normalized proteins in tumor and serum samples, respectively, with only three tumor proteins and 26 serum proteins displaying significant differential expression between the STS and LTS groups. These dysregulated proteins were principally associated with the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In particular, GB patients in the STS group had high serum levels of malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1) and ribonuclease inhibitor 1 (RNH1) and low tumor levels of fatty acid‐binding protein 7 (FABP7), which may have enabled them to maintain low ROS levels, counteracting the effects of the first‐line treatment with radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide. A blood score built on the levels of MDH1 and RNH1 expression was found to be an independent prognostic factor for survival based on the serum proteome data for a cohort of 96 IDH‐wildtype GB patients. This study highlights the utility of circulating MDH1 and RNH1 biomarkers for determining the prognosis of patients with IDH‐wildtype GB. Furthermore, the pathways driven by these biomarkers, and the tumor FABP7 pathway, may constitute promising therapeutic targets for blocking ROS detoxification to overcome resistance to chemoradiotherapy in potential GB STS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on developing four machine learning (ML) models (Gaussian process regression (GPR), support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), and ensemble learning tree (ELT)) optimized and hyperparameters tuned via genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to analyze and predict the adsorption capacity of four estrogenic hormones. These hormones are a serious cause of fish femininity and various forms of cancer in humans. Their adsorption via electrospun nanofibers offers a sustainable and relatively environmentally friendly solution compared to nanoparticle adsorbents, which require secondary treatment. The intricate task is to find the relationship between input parameters to obtain optimum conditions, which requires an efficient ML model. The GPR integrated GA hybrid model performed the most accurate and precise results with R2 = 0.999 and RMSE = 2.4052e−06, followed by ELT (0.9976 and 4.3458e−17), DT (0.9586 and 2.4673e−16), and SVM (0.7110 and 0.0639). The 2D and 3D partial dependence plots showed temperature, dosage, initial concentration, contact time, and pH as vital adsorption parameters. Additionally, Shapley's analysis further revealed time and dosage as the most sensitive parameters. Finally, a user‐friendly graphical user interface (GUI) was developed as a predictor utilizing the optimum hybrid model (GPR‐GA), and the results were experimentally validated with a maximum error of < 3.3% for all tests. Thus, the GUI can legitimately work for any desired material with given input conditions to efficiently monitor the removal concentration of all four estrogenic hormones simultaneously at wastewater treatment plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of articular cartilage and concomitant alterations in subchondral bone architecture. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of OA remains poorly understood. In the present study, we explored whether the calcification in the articular cartilage occurred in the early stage of mouse OA model, generated by the surgery destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), via the intra‐articular injection of alizarin complexone due to its anionic nature for binding calcium‐containing crystals. Although we did not observe the calcification in the articular cartilage of early stage of DMM mice, we unexpectedly identified alizarin complexone had the diffusion capacity for detecting the permeability from the articular cartilage to subchondral bone. Our data showed that the diffusion of alizarin complexone from the articular cartilage to calcified cartilage was greater in the early stage of DMM mice than that in sham controls. Additionally, we observed enhanced penetration of alizarin complexone through the periosteum in DMM mice compared to sham mice. In summary, we developed a novel imaging method that offers a valuable tool for further exploration of biochemical communication underlying OA development. Our findings provided new evidence that increased molecular interactions between the articular cartilage and subchondral bone is involved in the pathogenesis of OA progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluctuations in the ionospheric electron density cause distortions in the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals recorded on the ground. The examination of these distortions reveal some of the physical conditions under which the electron density fluctuations develop as well as their physical characteristics. Several studies have investigated the correlation between the rate of change of the total electron content (ROTI) $(ROTI)$ and amplitude and phase scintillation indices S4 ${S}_{4}$ and σΦ ${\sigma }_{{\Phi }}$, respectively. These studies stipulate that ROTI $ROTI$ could be used as a proxy for scintillation indices. The link between the scintillation indices and the variations in TEC $TEC$ is investigated both theoretically and empirically. Our study shows that the second derivative (the Laplacian) of the TEC $TEC$ provides a better diagnosis of the nature of the interaction of trans‐ionospheric radio signals with ionospheric irregularities. In the refractive case, the second derivative of TEC $TEC$ fluctuations vanishes. In the diffractive limit, we show that the amplitude scintillation index and the standard deviation of the second derivative of TEC $TEC$ are linearly dependent. The theoretical results are empirically validated with measurements of GNSS radio signals propagating through the auroral ionospheric region and recorded by ground receivers of the Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network (CHAIN). The present study suggests that the use of ROTI $ROTI$ as a proxy for scintillation occurring in the polar and auroral regions must be taken with caution. Key Points: Refraction and diffraction of trans‐ionospheric radio signals is empirically examinedThe amplitude scintillation index and the standard derivation of the second derivative of the Total Electron Content are linearly dependentA zero laplacian of the Total Electron Content is an indication of refraction [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rodents are reservoir hosts for zoonotic pathogens that cause tropical diseases, many of which have been overlooked. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of viral lymphocytic choriomeningitis and hantavirus infections, bacterial tularaemia and leptospirosis, and parasitic leishmaniasis and toxoplasmosis in rodents that are likely to carry and spread zoonotic agents, by using molecular methods. Methods: A total of 498 voles collected from 20 counties of Erzurum province. Conventional PCR was used for pathogen search. PCR‐positive samples were subjected to sequence analysis. Results: Hantavirus (4.8%, 24/498) and tularaemia (0.8%, 4/498) positivity were detected. However, no positivity was detected for other selected pathogens. Conclusions: Rodents, which are pathogen carriers and potential risk factors, are thought to may act as reservoirs for hantavirus and tularaemia in the study area. A preliminary study has been carried out at the point of detection of these diseases of global importance. The extent of the distribution of the infections, alternative hosts and the consequences of human exposure needs to be clarified through further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The safe operation of underground reservoirs and environmental protection heavily rely on the water flow through coal pillar dams in coal mines. Meanwhile, research on the flow characteristics in coal pillar dams has been limited due to their low hydraulic conductivity. To address this gap, this study assembled a novel seepage experimental device and conducted a series of carefully designed seepage experiments to examine the characteristics of low‐permeability in coal pillar dams. The experiments aim to explore the relationship between water flux and hydraulic gradient, considering varying core lengths and immersion times. Flow parameters were determined by fitting observed flux‐gradient curves with predictions from both Darcy and non‐Darcian laws. Several significant results were obtained. First, a noticeable non‐linear relationship between water flux and hydraulic gradient was observed, particularly evident at low flow velocities. Second, the non‐Darcy laws effectively interpreted the experimental data, with threshold pressure gradients ranging 13.60 to 58.64 for different core lengths. Third, the study established that water immersion significantly affects the flow characteristics of coal pillar dams, resulting in an increased hydraulic conductivity and flow velocity. These findings carry significant implications for the design of coal pillar dams within underground coal mine reservoirs, providing insights for constructing more stable structures and ensuring environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of a two‐dose Sinopharm BBIB‐CorV (Vero cells) vaccine against SARS‐CoV‐2, at 28 days, 6 months, and 1‐year postvaccination. And assess the capacity of two‐dose vaccine recipients to neutralize SARS‐CoV‐2 strains B.1 (Wuhan/D614G), B.1.1.7 (Alpha), AY.33 (Delta), or BA.5.2.2 (Omicron) variants of concern (VOCs). Methods: A prospective matched case–control cohort study was conducted at the Military Hospital of Rabat, Morocco between February 2021 and 2022. Immunogenicity was evaluated by standard Microneutralization (MN) assay against four variants (Wuhan D614G, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron). Results: The overall positive neutralizing rates for vaccine recipients against B.1 D614G were 72.09%, 74.82%, and 75.19% on 28‐, 180‐, 365‐ day respectively. The proportion of NAbs targeting the Wuhan D614G, and Alpha variants under the BBIBP‐CorV vaccination was high on Day 28‐ and 6 months postvaccination. Conclusion: The immunogenic response to the newly emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern (VOCs), such as Delta and Omicron was comparatively reduced. As a result, it is recommended that additional boost vaccinations be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States (US) as the second leading economy in global ecological pollution has become a fertile ground for a rigorous analysis of the ecological neutrality using load capacity factor (LCF) and carbon‐based consumption (CCO2). This is important for the global drive of achieving environmental sustainability by 2050. The LCF is one of the most comprehensive ecological proxies that incorporate the biocapacity and ecological footprint. In this context, this research examines the effect of natural resources, technological innovation, renewable energy and financial globalization on ecological neutrality in the US for the date spanning from 1990 to 2021. Using the novel augmented auto‐regressive distributive lag (AARDL) model, the empirical findings of this study indicate that (i) natural resources, renewable energy, and technological innovation promote ecological neutrality by increasing LCF and decreasing CCO2 emissions; (ii) financial globalization and economic growth mitigate the LCF and increase CCO2 emissions; and (iii) a causal effect is observed among technological innovation, natural resources, renewable energy, CCO2 and LCF. In light of the findings, this study recommends several crucial measures for ecological neutrality targets set out in sustainable development goals (SDGs) 7 and 13, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, nanoporous anodic alumina distributed‐Bragg reflectors (NAA–DBRs) functionalized with tungsten trioxide (WO3) are used as prototype photoelectrocatalysts (PEC) for harnessing the slow photon effect to maximize photon‐to‐electron conversion efficiency under UV–visible–NIR illumination. NAA–DBR structures are structurally engineered by anodization, where their characteristic photonic stopband is precisely tuned along specific positions of the UV–visible spectrum. Subsequent atomic layer deposition is employed to coat the inner surface of these porous structures with WO3 semiconductor layers. Upon the application of overpotential bias, these platforms reveal excellent electron–hole pair separation to boost photoelectrocatalytic reactions. Photoelectrochemical degradation of methylene blue is used as a model reaction to elucidate enhancements associated with structural and optoelectronic arrangements. Notably, precise spectral alignment between the photonic stopband's red edge and the absorbance band of methylene blue enhances the degradation performance through the slow photon effect. Applying an overpotential bias further improves the photodegradation performance through efficient charge separation. These systems outperform comparable structures in this model reaction, achieving a maximum kinetic rate of 13.7 ± 2.0 h−1. The findings create new opportunities to develop high‐performing PEC technologies harnessing light–matter interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric icing on ground structures is a concern from design, operation, and safety perspectives. Supercooled water droplets size and liquid water content (LWC) are important weather parameters to better understand the ice accretion physics on ground structures. Most existing studies are based on measurements at high altitude. The study is based on the field results of a specific event (from 9:30 to 22:27 h on October 29, 2022) in Arctic region of northern Norway. The data from this event are presented and used for analytical validation and simulation. Field measurements of different meteorological weather parameters including the droplet size and LWC are carried out leading to recording of resultant atmospheric ice load and intensity. A comprehensive study is also carried out to validate droplet collision efficiency and ice load using the existing analytical model ISO‐12494 and computational fluid dynamics (CFD)–based numerical simulations. Furthermore, the differences in icing simulation using parameters such as median volume diameter (MVD), Langmuir B –J as alternatives to the actual droplet size distribution (DSD) spectrum are also analyzed. The results show that under natural meteorological conditions, the characteristics of water DSD change in real time. Using MVD alone to calculate the water droplet collision efficiency on circular cylinders can lead to significant errors. Accurately selecting the Langmuir distribution as a substitute for the actual DSD can reduce simulation errors to within 5%. Compared to the analytical model, the numerical simulations result better reflects the collision characteristics of water droplets of different sizes on the cylindrical object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Most soils and rocks contain varying fractions of clay minerals within their solid matrix. These geomaterials can exhibit a significant swelling potential toward chemo‐thermo‐hydromechanical loadings. Several multiscale modeling techniques have been developed to ascertain their swelling behavior across various scales, with molecular dynamics (MD), micromechanics‐based approaches, and double‐porosity models being the most common. MD simulation is a computational technique that applies Newton's second law of motion to depict the movement of particles within a granular system. Micromechanics‐based approaches upscale the poro‐elasticity law from the clay layer level to the sample scale through homogenization. Dual‐porosity models are generally based on elasto‐plasticity, incorporating different hydro‐mechanical laws at two distinct scales. These models have been extensively used, particularly for clayey soils and bentonites, though their application to clayey rocks has not been reported in the literature. Although their significant contribution to the understanding of clay swelling behavior, these techniques have been insufficiently reviewed, compared, and discussed mutually in the literature. This paper aims to provide a cross‐look on these multiscale approaches by presenting the theoretical background of existing formulations, highlighting breakthrough results, discussing major differences and current challenges, and proposing future perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To gain insights into the activity of metal‐based drugs against SARS‐CoV‐2, five rhenium complexes, namely fac‐[Re(CO)3(acac)(PPh2Cy)] (I), fac‐[Re(CO)3(acac)(PPhCy2)] (II), fac‐[Re(CO)3(acac)(PCy3)] (III), fac‐[Re(CO)3(acac)(P(m‐tolyl)3)] (IV), and fac‐[Re(CO)3(acac)(P(p‐tolyl)3)] (V), with acac=acetylacetonato, PPh2Cy=cyclohexyldiphenylphosphine, PPhCy2=dicyclohexylphenylphosphine, PCy3=tricyclohexylphosphine, P(m‐tolyl)3=tri(m‐tolyl)phosphine, and P(p‐tolyl)3=tri(p‐tolyl)phosphine, were docked in the binding pockets of main protease, spike glycoprotein, and RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase. The resulting binding sites revealed potent SARS‐CoV‐2 inhibition, resulting from the formation of classical N−H⋅⋅⋅O and O−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds, carbon C−H⋅⋅⋅O H‐bonds, hydrophobic contacts, as well as non‐conventional interactions such as weak C−H⋅⋅⋅N interactions, H⋅⋅⋅H, C⋅⋅⋅H/H⋅⋅⋅C, C⋅⋅⋅lp/lp⋅⋅⋅C and lp⋅⋅⋅lp contacts, cation‐π interactions and π⋅⋅⋅π stacking in the targets' binding pockets. Moreover, we have optimized the molecular structures of these compounds using DFT methods and correlated them correspondingly to their crystal structures. We have estimated and evaluated the associated frontier molecular orbitals, as well as the global reactivity descriptors for which we have discussed the compounds' reactivity. We have also examined intermolecular interactions by carrying out a Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis, which showed the presence of C−H⋅⋅⋅H−C, C−H⋅⋅⋅C interactions, C−H⋅⋅⋅O non‐classical hydrogen bonds and π⋅⋅⋅π stacking, as well as non‐conventional π⋅⋅⋅lp and lp⋅⋅⋅lp interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Currently, healthcare systems operate under conventional management practices and entail storing and processing substantial medical data. Integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) technologies has facilitated the development of IoT‐enabled healthcare, which possesses advanced data processing capabilities and extensive data storage. This paper proposes a WSN and IoT framework for patient monitoring in high‐speed 5G communications. Based on an artificial neural network (ANN), an intelligent health monitoring system was developed using IoT technology to monitor a person's blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen level, and temperature. Furthermore, the system helps the elderly being in critical cases in their homes to communicate and update their medical condition with the hospital, especially in critical cases, to be treated as soon as possible, especially in remote areas. The experimental results showed the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed system. Moreover, relying on ANNs to extract the basic features, the accuracy reached 96%. The proposed system was implemented practically, and the results were displayed in real time and compared with commercial medical devices. Maximum relative errors are heart rate (2.19), body temperature (2.94), systolic blood pressure (3.4), diastolic blood pressure (2.89), and SpO2 (1.05). On the other hand, the proposed system is much faster than other wireless communication methods, regardless of the detection quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GaN nanostructures hold significant promise in advancing nanoscale light‐emitting devices. However, significant progress remains elusive, possibly due to the absence of innovative approaches. Beyond the smaller size of GaN nanostructures, the main interest lies in growing InGaN active layers on semi‐ and non‐polar orientations. Nevertheless, it is evident that while leveraging such a method holds initial promise, this approach may eventually reach its limits, prompting the need for fresh perspectives. In this manuscript, electrochemical etching is utilized to fabricate porous GaN nanopyramids. Given the absence of prior studies on electrochemical etching of GaN nanostructures, its etching behavior is investigated, revealing its selectivity concerning doping concentration and geometry. Furthermore, how the choice of electrolyte can differently impact the optical response of the etched template is explored. Subsequently, an InGaN/GaN quantum wells shell is grown as the active region. The significance of the approach is evidenced by a tenfold enhancement in photoluminescence emission. Porous nanopyramids demonstrate a higher internal quantum efficiency of 44.7% and faster radiative recombination time. Additionally, finite difference time domain simulation reveals a twofold increase in light extraction efficiency. This research will lead the way toward the development of a new class of nanostructures offering potential advancements in optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]