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The article discusses the potential link between the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and urinary yeast infections in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It highlights the case of a 75-year-old male with diabetes and heart failure who developed a urinary yeast infection while taking empagliflozin. The article emphasizes the importance of clinicians being aware of the increased risk of genital mycotic infections associated with SGLT2 inhibitors and provides recommendations for managing such infections, including discontinuing the medication in severe cases. Additionally, it mentions the FDA's warning about the risk of Fournier's gangrene associated with SGLT2 inhibitor use. [Extracted from the article]

This is a case of a kidney transplant recipient who presented with skin lesions, low‐grade fevers, and pancytopenia 2 months after his transplant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this clinicopathological conference, invited experts discussed a previously published case of a patient with nonischemic cardiomyopathy who underwent heart transplantation from a genetically modified pig source animal. His complex course included detection of porcine cytomegalovirus by plasma microbial cell‐free DNA and eventual xenograft failure. The objectives of the session included discussion of selection of immunosuppressive regimens and prophylactic antimicrobials for human xenograft recipients, description of infectious disease risk assessment and mitigation in potential xenograft donors and understanding of screening and therapeutic strategies for potential xenograft‐related infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revaccination after receipt of a hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) or cellular therapies is a pillar of patient supportive care, with the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality linked to vaccine‐preventable infections. This review synthesizes national, international, and expert consensus vaccination schedules post‐HCT and presents evidence regarding the efficacy of newer vaccine formulations for pneumococcus, recombinant zoster vaccine, and coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with hematological malignancy. Revaccination post‐cellular therapies are less well defined. This review highlights important considerations around poor vaccine response, seroprevalence preservation after cellular therapies, and the optimal timing of revaccination. Future research should assess the immunogenicity and real‐world effectiveness of new vaccine formulations and/or vaccine schedules in patients post‐HCT and cellular therapy, including analysis of vaccine response that relates to the target of cellular therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ongoing evaluation of these therapies, and newer MAb as they are developed for the treatment of mild COVID-19, as well as pre-exposure prophylaxis, and investigational treatments are required. This is of interest, given the widespread availability of the messenger RNA vaccines and the Food and Drug Administration's recommendation for the third dose to immunocompromised patients, including HSCT patients, with the COVID-19 vaccine since mid-August 2021. Keywords: antiviral; COVID-19; monoclonal antibody; stem cell transplant; treatment; vaccination EN antiviral COVID-19 monoclonal antibody stem cell transplant treatment vaccination 1 4 4 02/23/23 20230201 NES 230201 Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with hematological malignancy (HM) are at high risk of significant morbidity and mortality from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, with an estimated at least 2.5-fold increased risk of death.[1] In HSCT patients, estimated mortality from centers of European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation was approximately 25%, and similar for autologous and allogeneic-HSCT patients.[2] Risk factors for severity include older age, higher immunodeficiency scoring index group (based on neutrophils <0.5 × 10 SP 9 sp /L, lymphocytes <0.2 × 10 SP 9 sp /L, age >=40 years, myeloablative conditioning, graft vs. host disease, use of steroids and HSCT < 30 days) and poor performance status.[[2]] The aims of treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection are based on the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), where there is an initial viral phase that may be followed by an inflammatory phase, the latter of which can be the cause of a high mortality rate. [Extracted from the article]

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the treatment of choice for B19V-induced pure red cell aplasia in immunocompromised hosts. Keywords: hematopoietic cell transplantation; immunocompromised; immunodeficiency; intravenous immunoglobulin; parvovirus B19 EN hematopoietic cell transplantation immunocompromised immunodeficiency intravenous immunoglobulin parvovirus B19 1 3 3 10/20/23 20231001 NES 231001 Abbreviations alloHCT allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant B19V parvovirus B19 HIV human immunodeficiency virus IVIG intravenous immunoglobulin PCR polymerase chain reaction Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a single-stranded DNA virus, which infects human erythroid progenitor cells. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for pure red cell aplasia related to human parvovirus B19 infection: a retrospective study of 10 patients and review of the literature. [Extracted from the article]

The optimal management of immunosuppression in transplant patients infected with COVID‐19 is unknown. We performed an in vitro study to determine the effect of individual immunosuppressive agents on SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T‐cell cytokine expression. Convalescent peripheral blood mononuclear cells from eleven non‐immunosuppressed patients with COVID‐19 were preincubated with clinically relevant concentrations of immunosuppressive drugs (tacrolimus, mycophenolate, sirolimus, prednisone) and then stimulated with a SARS‐CoV‐2 peptide pool. Supernatants were analyzed by 14‐plex high sensitivity T‐cell cytokine array. With increasing concentrations of tacrolimus, there was a trend to reduction in the release of IL‐2 (p =.0137), and IFN‐γ (p =.0147) in response to peptide stimulation. There was also a subsequent trend toward a Th2 phenotype, indicated by lower IFN‐γ:IL‐13 ratio (p =.0663) and IFNγ:IL‐4 ratio (p =.0176). Sirolimus appeared to be associated with a proinflammatory cytokine release, including TNF‐α (p =.0027) and IL‐1β (p =.0016), in response to SARS‐CoV‐2 peptides. In contrast, mycophenolate and prednisone did not influence the SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific cytokine response. These are preliminary findings only, with larger studies required to inform clinical recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]