Search

Single‐atom catalysts have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional atom utilization and unique properties. However, the practical application of these catalysts is often impeded by challenges such as sintering‐induced instability and poisoning of isolated atoms due to strong gas adsorption. In this study, we employed the mechanochemical method to insert single Cu atoms into the subsurface of Fe2O3 support. By manipulating the location of single atoms at the surface or subsurface, catalysts with distinct adsorption properties and reaction mechanisms can be achieved. It was observed that the subsurface Cu single atoms in Fe2O3 remained isolated under both oxidation and reduction environments, whereas surface Cu single atoms on Fe2O3 experienced sintering under reduction conditions. The unique properties of these subsurface single‐atom catalysts call for innovations and new understandings in catalyst design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent primary liver cancer often associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) and liver cirrhosis (LC), underscoring the critical need for biomarker discovery to improve patient outcomes. Emerging as a promising avenue for biomarker development, proteomic technology leveraging liquid biopsy from small extracellular vesicles (sEV) offers new insights. Here, we evaluated various methods for sEV isolation and identified polysaccharide chitosan (CS) as an optimal approach. Subsequently, we employed optimized CS‐based magnetic beads (Mag‐CS) for sEV separation from serum samples of healthy controls, CHB, LC, and HBV‐HCC patients. Leveraging data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometry coupled with machine learning, we uncovered potential vesicular protein biomarker signatures (KNG1, F11, KLKB1, CAPNS1, CDH1, CPN2, NME2) capable of distinguishing HBV‐HCC from CHB, LC, and non‐HCC conditions. Collectively, our findings highlight the utility of Mag‐CS‐based sEV isolation for identifying early detection biomarkers in HBV‐HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, to improve the performance and reduce leakage currents of bulk low‐temperature multi‐layer SiGe/Si superlattice (SL) fin field‐effect transistors (FinFETs), a p‐type omega‐shaped channel (Ω‐channel) SL FinFET is realized by etching a Si/Si0.7Ge0.3 triple‐layer stacked structure in a replacement metal gate (RMG) module on a silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) substrate. In addition, a self‐allied Ni0.9Pt0.1 silicide process and a low‐thermal‐budget (≤400°C) integration procedure were performed on the Ω‐channel SL FinFET. Test results demonstrate that the on‐state current (Ion) is increased by 5.5 times (from 78 to 429 µA/µm) and the off‐state current (Ioff) is reduced by 78.8% (from 5.2 × 10−3 to 1.1 × 10−3 µA/µm) when compared with the corresponding currents of traditional bulk SL FinFETs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The northern South China Sea (SCS) divergent margin developed on a heterogeneous crust that inherited the structures of the Mesozoic convergent margin. However, in the past, studies focused mainly on Cenozoic structures and neglected Mesozoic basement structures. On the basis of the latest high–resolution 3D seismic volumes, we first identify the fault features and evidence in the granite basement. We then identify three sets of Mesozoic fault systems in the northern SCS and discuss their properties and genesis. The NE–trending thrust system (Seismic Reflection 1), formed by forward compression, corresponds to the NW‐ward subduction of the palaeo‐Pacific plate; the NE–trending extensional system (Seismic Reflection 2 and small residual half‐grabens) is related to post‐orogenic extension caused by slab rollback and retreat of the palaeo‐Pacific plate; and the NNE–trending thrust system (Seismic Reflection 3) formed by a transpressional effect related to the palaeo‐Pacific plate and the Eurasian plate changed from the long‐term NW‐ward orthogonal convergence to a NNW‐ward oblique convergence. Finally, by combining previous results on the regional tectonic evolution of onshore and offshore South China, we establish a model for the late Mesozoic evolution of the northern SCS from the Andean‐type margins to the western Pacific‐type margins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polarized light microscopy, thermal dilatometery and energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) were conducted to analyse the microstructures, sintering temperature and chemical compositions of ancient porcelain glazes excavated from Fanchang kiln, China. The origin, development and decline of Fanchang bluish‐white porcelain were thoroughly investigated from the perspective of the formula and firing technology from the Five dynasties (907–906 CE) to the middle Northern Song dynasty (1015–1070 CE). The contents of major elements in glazes were compared with those of Ding, Yue, Qingshan and Hutian kilns over the same period. It was indicated that the glazes of Fanchang bluish‐white porcelain were prepared by mixing limestone and plant ashes into the ‘glaze stone’. After the middle Northern Song, the content of limestone and plant ashes gradually increased, which was related to the change of raw materials and the formula technology. The glaze formula of Fanchang kiln was much closer to the southern kilns. Evidence revealed that Fanchang bluish‐white porcelains had reached a high firing level in the Five dynasties. At that time, the firing temperature was maintained in the range of 1100–1220°C, and their colour and texture showed at their best. In the middle Northern Song, the quality decreased as the firing temperature decreased, implying signals of a gradual decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance the inherent poor conductivity and low cycling stability of dimetallic layered double hydroxides (LDHs) materials, designing a synergistic effect between EDLC capacitors and pseudocapacitors is an efficient strategy. In this paper, we utilized a solvothermal technique employing Co‐glycerate as a precursor to prepare sea urchin‐like NiCo‐LDH hollow spheres anchored on a 3D graphene aerogel. The unique morphology of these hollow microspheres significantly expand the specific surface area and exposes more active sites, while reducing the volume changes of materials during long‐term charging and discharging processes. The 3D graphene aerogel serves as a conductive skeleton, improving the material's electrical conductivity and buffering high current. The sea urchin‐like NiCo‐LDH hollow spheres anchored on 3D graphene aerogel (H‐NiCo‐LDH@GA) has a specific surface area of 51 m2 g−1 and the ID/IG value is 1.02. The H‐NiCo‐LDH@GA demonstrate a significant specific capacitance of 236.8 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1, with a remarkable capacity retention rate of 63.1 % even at 20 A g−1. Even after 8000 cycles at 10 A g−1, the capacity retention still remains at 96.3 %, presenting excellent cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main challenge for aqueous zinc‐ion capacitors is the low stability of zinc anode. In this study, a Prussian blue analog (PBA) has been coated on the surface of zinc foil to create an inorganic protective layer. This layer features a three‐dimensional open microporous structure, which not only endows it with excellent pseudocapacitive properties but also serves as an effective barrier against dendrite growth. The presence of PBA coating can increase the nucleation point of zinc ions and provide a low‐energy barrier for the rapid migration of zinc ions. Hence, the PBA@Zn ||PBA@Zn symmetric cell exhibits exceptional cycling stability, enduring over 1400 h of operation at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 and a capacity of 1 mAh cm−2. The PBA@Zn||AC capacitor demonstrated a discharge capacity of 46.23 mAh g−1 after 10 000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1, with a capacity retention of 92.41%, whereas the discharge capacity of Zn||AC capacitor is only 16.02 mAh g−1, with a capacity retention of 23.13%. The PBA@Zn||AC capacitor exhibited remarkable endurance and stability, retaining a substantial discharge capacity of 32.7 mAh g−1 after 10 000 cycles at 10 A g−1. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations also show that PBA has a strong interaction with Zn and exhibits superior zincophilic ability. This study reports industrially applicable low‐cost Prussian blue analogs as artificial interfacial protective layers for improving the cycling stability of zinc anode with a low‐energy barrier for rapid migration of zinc ions especially at high current density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis (OA) is marked by cartilage deterioration, subchondral bone changes, and an inflammatory microenvironment. The study introduces the Microneedle‐Delivered Polydopamine‐Exosome (PDA@Exo MN), a therapeutic that not only preserves cartilage and promotes bone regeneration but also improves localized drug delivery through enhanced penetration capabilities. PDA@Exo MN shows strong reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging abilities and high biocompatibility, fostering osteogenesis and balancing anabolic and catabolic processes in cartilage. It directs macrophage polarization from M0 to the anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype. RNA sequencing of treated chondrocytes demonstrates restored cellular function and activated antioxidant responses, with modulated inflammatory pathways. The PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR pathway's activation, essential for PDA@Exo's effects, is confirmed via bioinformatics and Western blot. In vivo assessments robustly validate that PDA@Exo MN prevents cartilage degradation and OA progression, supported by histological assessments and micro‐CT analysis, highlighting its disease‐modifying impact. The excellent biocompatibility of PDA@Exo MN, verified through histological (H&E) and blood tests showing no organ damage, underscores its safety and efficacy for OA therapy, making it a novel and multifunctional nanomedical approach in orthopedics, characterized by organ‐friendliness and biosecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonia electrooxidation in aqueous solutions can be a highly energy‐efficient process in producing nitrate and nitrite while generating hydrogen under ambient conditions. However, the kinetics of this reaction are slow and the role of catalyst in facilitating ammonia electrooxidation is not well understood. In this study, a high‐performance NiOOH‐Ni catalyst is introduced for converting ammonia into nitrite with Faraday efficiency of up to 90.4% and nitrate production rate of 1 mg h−1 cm−2. By employing Operando techniques, the role of NiOOH catalyst is elucidated in the dynamic electrooxidation of ammonia. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations support experimental observations and reveal the mechanism of the electrochemical oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and nitrate. Overall, this research contributes to the development of a cost‐effective and highly efficient catalyst for large‐scale ammonia electrolysis, while shedding light on the underlying mechanism of the NiOOH catalyst in ammonia electrooxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of wood‐plastic composites (WPCs) with high filling fibers and excellent physical properties remained a great challenge. This study used Camellia oleifera shell (COS, agroforestry product waste) as raw material, and prepared 60 wt% COS/high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) WPCs using profile extrusion method through pretreating fibers including hot water, hot steam, alkali, acid, extraction, and fine fiber screening. After pretreatments, the relative contents of cellulose and lignin increased, the relative contents of hemicellulose and extract decreased significantly, and the length‐diameter ratio was improved. The flexural strength, tensile strength and impact strength of hot water and steam heat treated composites reached 31.4, 17.1 MPa and 6.9 kJ/m2, 31.8, 16.8 MPa and 6.7 kJ/m2, respectively. Compared with untreated 28.8, 14.7 MPa and 5.5 kJ/m2, the advantages were more obvious. Alkali treatment and acid treatment improved the thermal stability and residue rate of the material. Extraction treatment and alkali treatment significantly reduced the processing torque force, which was conducive to processing, while acid treatment was the opposite. The highest water absorption and thickness expansion rate were 13.75% and 3.60% respectively at 7 days after alkali treatment, which were considerably higher than 5.60% and 0.78% without treatment, while other pretreatments improved the dimensional stability of the material. Highlights: High filling Camellia oleifera shell waste/HDPE composites were prepared.Physical and chemical pretreatments improved interfacial adhesion of the composites.Heat treatments significantly improved mechanical performance of the composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two‐photon high‐speed fluorescence calcium imaging stands as a mainstream technique in neuroscience for capturing neural activities with high spatiotemporal resolution. However, challenges arise from the inherent tradeoff between acquisition speed and image quality, grappling with a low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) due to limited signal photon flux. Here, a contrast‐enhanced video‐rate volumetric system, integrating a tunable acoustic gradient (TAG) lens‐based high‐speed microscopy with a TAG‐SPARK denoising algorithm is demonstrated. The former facilitates high‐speed dense z‐sampling at sub‐micrometer‐scale intervals, allowing the latter to exploit the spatial redundancy of z‐slices for self‐supervised model training. This spatial redundancy‐based approach, tailored for 4D (xyzt) dataset, not only achieves >700% SNR enhancement but also retains fast‐spiking functional profiles of neuronal activities. High‐speed plus high‐quality images are exemplified by in vivo Purkinje cells calcium observation, revealing intriguing dendritic‐to‐somatic signal convolution, i.e., similar dendritic signals lead to reverse somatic responses. This tailored technique allows for capturing neuronal activities with high SNR, thus advancing the fundamental comprehension of neuronal transduction pathways within 3D neuronal architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), a maternally inherited ocular disease, is predominantly caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Mitochondrial tRNA variants are hypothesized to amplify the pathogenic impact of three primary mutations. However, the exact mechanisms remained unclear. In the present study, the synergistic effect of the tRNAGlu 14693A > G and ND6 14484T > C mutations in three Chinese families affected by LHON is investigated. The m.14693A > G mutation nearly abolishes the pseudouridinylation at position 55 of tRNAGlu, leading to structural abnormalities, decreased stability, aberrant mitochondrial protein synthesis, and increased autophagy. In contrast, the ND6 14484T > C mutation predominantly impairs complex I function, resulting in heightened apoptosis and virtually no induction of mitochondrial autophagy compared to control cell lines. The presence of dual mutations in the same cell lines exhibited a coexistence of both upregulated cellular stress responses to mitochondrial damage, indicating a scenario of autophagy and mutation dysregulation within these dual‐mutant cell lines. The data proposes a novel hypothesis that mitochondrial tRNA gene mutations generally lead to increased mitochondrial autophagy, while mutations in genes encoding mitochondrial proteins typically induce apoptosis, shedding light on the intricate interplay between different genetic factors in the manifestation of LHON. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porosity is a critical microstructural factor in ceramic materials, influencing their mechanical and thermal properties. However, the detailed mechanisms through which porosity, grain size, and grain boundary fracture energy affect the thermal shock resistance of porous ceramics are still not fully understood. This study introduces a dual‐scale model that integrates these microstructural parameters to predict fracture toughness and thermal shock resistance. Using the single‐edge V‐notch fracture toughness testing principle, we calculate the thermal stress intensity factor and establish its relationship with temperature differentials. The critical temperature differential, which marks the onset of thermal shock damage, is determined when the thermal stress intensity factor reaches the fracture toughness threshold. The model reveals a significant interplay between porosity, grain size, and grain boundary fracture energy, with fine‐grained ceramics (grain size < 10 µm) showing a sharp decrease in fracture toughness as porosity increases, while coarser‐grained ceramics are less affected by porosity. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the microstructural optimization needed to enhance the thermal shock resistance of high‐performance porous ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two independent greenhouse experiments were conducted in December 2020 and July 2021 in Davis, CA to characterize Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) P. Beauv., Echinochloa colona (L.) Link, Echinochloa oryzicola (Vasinger) Vasinger and Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) A. Heller found in California rice systems based on their morphological traits. Phenotypic data was collected on 10 vegetative traits including plant height, number of tillers, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, flag leaf angle, the colour of leaf sheath, leaf blade colour, internode colour, node colour, growth habit and nine reproductive traits including number of days to heading, number of panicles, length of panicle, length of panicle branches, seeds per panicle, panicle weight, seed colour, awn length and awn pattern. High plasticity was observed in all species characterized in both experiments for both vegetative and reproductive traits, indicating potential inter‐specific hybridization. Awn length, days to heading, length of the panicle, length of the panicle branches, plant height, flag leaf angle, and growth habit were significantly higher in the fall experiment for all species indicating photoperiod could play a role in the expression of these traits. Also, high variation was observed for plant height, number of tillers, awn length, panicle weight, seeds/panicle, length of panicle branch, and number of panicles for all species in both experiments. The results from this study indicate morphological diversity currently present in Echinochloa species could contribute to their adaptation to selection pressure imposed by different management tools in California, emphasizing the need for a diversified management approach to effectively control this weed species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strategy of in vivo self‐assembly has been developed for improved enrichment and long‐term retention of anticancer drug in tumor tissues. However, most self‐assemblies with non‐covalent bonding interactions are susceptible to complex physiological environments, leading to weak stability and loss of biological function. Here, we develop a coupling‐induced assembly (CIA) strategy to generate covalently crosslinked nanofibers, which is applied for in situ constructing artificial shell on mitochondria. The oxidation‐responsive peptide‐porphyrin conjugate P1 is synthesized, which self‐assemble into nanoparticles. Under the oxidative microenvironment of mitochondria, the coupling of thiols in P1 causes the formation of dimers, which is further ordered and stacked into crosslinked nanofibers. As a result, the artificial shell is constructed on the mitochondria efficiently through multivalent cooperative interactions due to the increased binding sites. Under ultrasound (US) irradiation, the porphyrin molecules in the shell produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that act on the adjacent mitochondrial membrane, exhibiting ~2‐fold higher antitumor activity than nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the mitochondria‐targeted CIA strategy provides a novel perspective on improved sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and shows potential applications in antitumor therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phototheranostics with second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) emissions show great potential for disease diagnosis and imaging‐guided phototherapy owing to deep tissue penetration, high imaging resolution, and excellent tumor eradication. Recently, molecular conjugation engineering and J‐aggregation have been used to construct organic NIR‐II materials. However, these molecules generally have extensive conjugation and large molecular weight in the range of 700–1700 g mol−1, requiring complicated molecular design and synthesis. Herein, a NIR‐II emissive through‐space charge‐transfer (TSCT) nanoparticle (NP) using short‐conjugated donor‐acceptor (D‐A) molecules (TTP) is reported for high‐performance bioimaging and cancer phototheranostics. Owing to the short conjugation of the TTP molecule with a small molecular weight of only 518 g mol−1, the TTP monomer possesses visible absorption and first near‐infrared (NIR‐I) emission. Upon forming NPs in water, the efficient TSCT between TTP monomers leads to significantly red‐shifted absorption to the NIR‐I and emission to the NIR‐II region with a tail that extends to 1400 nm. TTP NPs are employed in NIR‐II in vivo blood‐vessel bioimaging and cancer phototheranostics successfully. This work introduces a facile strategy to construct NIR‐II emissive NPs based on short‐conjugated D‐A molecules for high‐performance biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microwave illusion, which can generate the scattering field of objects that don't exist to deceive the detecting devices, is an important and advanced technology in modern science. The conventional illusion device is limited by the narrow working band, non‐flat structure, or single functionality, which is inconvenient for electromagnetic integration. The newly multiplexing metasurfaces provide an effective method to achieve microwave illusion due to their excellent ability in wavefront tailoring. Here, a dual‐band microwave illusion enabled by multiplexing metasurface is proposed, and such a device can simulate two independent scattering fields of real objects at two separate frequencies by recording the near‐ and far‐field information. As a proof of concept, a meta‐illusion, realizing the electromagnetic information of the scaled‐down Sydney Opera House and Pyramid, is designed and fabricated. Microwave experiments are performed to demonstrate the predicted effects. The results show high correlation properties in both near‐ and far‐field characterizations, which is 83%, 80%, and 91%, 80% at two operating frequencies, respectively, verifying the high performance of the meta‐illusion. The findings may motivate the realizations of high‐performance meta‐illusions in other frequency domains and meta‐devices with complex functionalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional photodetectors overly pursue high light‐to‐electric conversion efficiency under weak light stimulation, while disregarding the saturated absorption‐induced blinding effect upon strong light, and achieving efficient photodetection covering a large power range remains a great challenge. In this work, MoS2/BaTiO3 heterostructures are constructed through a low‐cost exfoliation and transfer method combined with spin‐coating. The photoresponse behaviors before and after assembling the BaTiO3 nanoparticles onto the MoS2 nanoflake are investigated, indicating that the high conductivity of MoS2 and ferroelectricity of BaTiO3 can complement each other to improve the photoresponse of the hetero‐integrated device, acquiring a high photoresponsivity of 17402 A W−1 under 0.2 nW irradiation, and a significant 570 µA photocurrent under 8 mW irradiation, realizing a large linear dynamic range index of 152 dB, which is at the top level among layered semiconductor‐based detectors. Moreover, strong power near‐infrared light can be up‐converted to the visible band through the nonlinear effect of BaTiO3, subsequently absorbed by the MoS2 and contributing to the photocurrent, providing a solution to combat and alleviate the saturated absorption issue in photodetection. This work marks a significant advancement in achieving robust high‐performance photodetection by hetero‐integrating 2D materials with ferroelectrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: We explored whether esketamine anesthesia during hysteroscopic surgery can reduce intraoperative hemodynamic fluctuations and improve patient benefit. Methods: A total of 170 patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery were enrolled, and 151 patients were finally included in the analysis, among which 19 used vasoactive drugs during surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to either the esketamine anesthesia group (E group) or the sufentanil anesthesia group (S group). The primary outcomes were blood pressure and heart rate during the surgery. Secondary outcomes included resistance to laryngeal mask insertion, demand for propofol and remifentanil, nausea and vomiting, Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS), dizziness and pain intensity after resuscitation, vasoactive medication treatment, hospitalization time and expenses. Results: E group had a more stable heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure than the S group (p < 0.001). Patients in E group had a higher demand for propofol (p < 0.001) but better RASS scores (p < 0.001) after resuscitation. The incidence of intraoperative vasoactive medication use was higher in the S group (18.4% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.029). There were no statistically significant differences in terms of resistance to laryngeal mask insertion, remifentanil demand, time required for resuscitation, postoperative pain, dizziness, nausea or vomiting. Conclusions: Compared with sufentanil, esketamine‐induced anesthesia during hysteroscopic surgery can reduce intraoperative hemodynamic fluctuations and the incidence of intraoperative vasoactive medication. Although esketamine‐induced anesthesia may increase the demand for propofol during surgery, it does not affect the anesthesia recovery time and the quality of patient recovery is better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug traffickers perform many crime strategies to avoid legal sanctions. The use of any crime strategy is mainly for reducing the risk of arrest, which has been the focus of research on restrictive deterrence. This study aims to develop a Restrictive Deterrence Utility Scale (RDUS) to measure the effectiveness of crime strategies used in drug trafficking. Survey data were collected from August to October 2021, including 294 female drug offenders aged between 21 and 61 years serving sentences with a median length of around 10 years in a Southern city in Mainland China. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for scale investigation. Three valid and reliable factors for the RDUS were found: anomaly avoidance, reduction of exposure time, and the use of weapons and tools. Composite reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity of three factors were confirmed with Cronbach α being higher than 0.9, that being higher than correspondent Average Variance Extracted which all being higher than 0.5 and higher than correspondent factor correlation. The RDUS offers a helpful method for assessing the motivation for drug traffickers to persist in drug crime and for formulating appropriate interventions for drug prohibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Trichomes are specialized epidermal outgrowths covering the aerial parts of most terrestrial plants. There is a large species variability in occurrence of different types of trichomes such that the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying the formation and the biological function of trichomes in most plant species remain unexplored.Here, we used Chrysanthemum morifolium as a model plant to explore the regulatory network in trichome formation and terpenoid synthesis and unravel the physical and chemical roles of trichomes in constitutive defense against herbivore feeding.By analyzing the trichome‐related genes from transcriptome database of the trichomes‐removed leaves and intact leaves, we identified CmMYC2 to positively regulate both development of T‐shaped and glandular trichomes as well as the content of terpenoids stored in glandular trichomes. Furthermore, we found that the role of CmMYC2 in trichome formation and terpene synthesis was mediated by interaction with CmMYBML1. Our results reveal a sophisticated molecular mechanism wherein the CmMYC2–CmMYBML1 feedback inhibition loop regulates the formation of trichomes (non‐glandular and glandular) and terpene biosynthesis, collectively contributing to the enhanced resistance to Spodoptera litura larvae feeding.Our findings provide new insights into the novel regulatory network by which the plant synchronously regulates trichome density for the physical and chemical defense against herbivory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a detector is developed using deuterated L‐alanine doped triglycine sulfate (DLATGS) crystals capable of detecting circularly polarized light (CPL) and various polarization states. As a primary pyroelectric detection crystal, DLATGS has exhibited notable optical responses to both linearly and circularly polarized light during the tests, demonstrating a favorable polarization ratio of 3.86 and an anisotropic factor glph${g}_{lph}$ of 0.529. The research discovers the broad‐spectrum bulk photovoltaic (BPVE) characteristics in DLATGS, highlighting its potential for CPL detection. By integrating linear and circular bulk photovoltaic effect theories (LBPV and CBPV), the crystal's ability to differentiate between various polarization modes, including left‐/right‐handed polarized light, is confirmed. The BPVE and pyro‐phototronic coupling responses is characterized, laying a theoretical foundation for a rare pyroelectric effect‐based multifunctional polarization detector. The overall consistency of phenomena and theoretical framework bridges the gap between theoretical predictions and experimental validation. This work not only advances the understanding of DLATGS crystals but also sets the stage for further exploration into chiral materials and the development of TGS‐type crystals in future photoelectronic detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is a vital global source of renewable fiber and ranks among the world's most important cash crops. While extensive nuclear genomic data of Gossypium has been explored, the organellar genomic resources of allotetraploid cotton, remain largely untapped at the population level. The plastid genome (plastome) is well suited for studying plant species relationships and diversity due to its nonrecombinant uniparental inheritance. Here, we conducted de novo assembly of 336 Gossypium plastomes, mainly from domesticated cultivars, and generated a pan‐plastome level resource for population structure and genetic diversity analyses. The assembled plastomes exhibited a typical quadripartite structure and varied in length from 160 103 to 160 597 bp. At the species level, seven allotetraploid species were resolved into three clades, where Gossypium tomentosum and Gossypium mustelinum formed an early diverging clade rooted by diploids, followed by splitting two sister clades of Gossypium darwinii–Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium hirsutum–Gossypium ekmanianum–Gossypium stephensii. Within the G. hirsutum clade the resolution of cultivated accessions was less polyphyletic with landrace and wild accessions than in G. barbadense suggesting some selection on plastome in the domestication of this adaptable species of cotton. The nucleotide diversity of G. hirsutum was higher than that of G. barbadense. We specifically compared the plastomes of G. hirsutum and G. barbadense to find mutational hotspots within each species as potential molecular markers. These findings contribute a valuable resource for exploring cotton evolution as well as in the breeding of new cotton cultivars and the preservation of wild and cultivated germplasm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to clarify the combined effect of ultrasonic melt treatment (UST), hot rolling and solution aging (HRSA) on the evolution of the Al2Cu secondary phase in 2219 Al alloy toward the optimization of its mechanical properties for high‐performance structural applications. The results show that UST is beneficial for modifying the morphology and reducing the size of the secondary phase (by an average of 17.9%), and conducive to increasing the Cu content in the Al matrix (by an average of 37.5%) during solidification. The genetic effects of UST on the microstructure generated during HRSA result in denser and finer θ′/θ″ Al2Cu particles precipitating in the α‐Al matrix, with a 62.1% increase in the precipitates volume in the HRSA sample. Theoretical calculations confirm that precipitation strengthening is the predominant mechanism for strength improvement of 2219 Al alloy after UST and HRSA. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and elongation (EL) of the HRSA alloy without UST are 329, 214 MPa, and 11.9%, respectively, while these parameters are increased by 12.5% (to 370 MPa), 9.8% (to 235 MPa), and 17.6% (to 14.0%) for the UST alloy, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Customized bus services typically focus on single‐trip requests, which often struggle to accommodate the growing needs for varied multiple trips in urban daily travel. This paper addresses the customized bus routing problem for passengers with multiple trips. A bi‐objective mathematical model is established for maximizing the operational profit and minimizing the travel costs by considering the characteristics of the multi‐trip requests and time‐dependent travel time. Besides, a novel profit objective function is proposed considering the service's completion status and the starting price. Since the proposed mixed integer linear programming model is an NP‐hard problem, a non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm II‐based method is proposed to handle different sizes of instances. Finally, the instances with multi‐trip requests are carried out to test the accuracy of the model and the effectiveness of our method compared with Gurobi and the local search‐based multi‐objective algorithm approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving high‐performance perovskite solar cells hinges on the precise management of interfacial properties. However, the current research predominantly concentrates on addressing individual interfaces, often overlooking the potential synergies between the upper and lower interfaces crucial for efficient carrier transfer. Herein, an effective interfacial strategy is introduced, which combines 2‐aminoterephthalic acid (2‐AA) pre‐processing with post‐processing techniques to prepare superior mixed tin‐lead perovskite films suitable for both single‐junction and all‐perovskite tandem solar cells. Incorporating 2‐AA at both the upper and lower interfaces of the perovskite films serves to regulate interfacial defects, alleviate interface residual stress, and improve film crystallinity. In addition, the 2‐AA molecule acts as an interface protective layer, anchoring tin and lead atoms, facilitating band energy alignment, and improving film and device stability. As a result, mixed tin‐lead perovskite solar cells achieved an improved open‐circuit voltage of 0.87 V and PCE of 21.57%. Furthermore, the integration of these optimized tin‐lead perovskite subcells into four‐terminal all‐perovskite tandem solar cells yielded an impressive efficiency of 27.46%. This work thus offers an effective strategy for comprehensive interfacial engineering and stress relief, paving the way for the production of high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The craniovertebral junction (CVJ) presents intricate anatomical challenges. In severe or irreducible malformations, complications such as reduction loss and fixation failure may occur, necessitating revision surgery. The posterior facet joint distraction and fusion (PFDF) technique, offers a solely posterior approach for revisions. Hence, we delineate varied revision scenarios, proposing surgical strategies and technical details to enhance outcomes and mitigate risks, thereby enriching the neurosurgical community's repertoire. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study, analyzed patient data from Xuanwu Hospital, between 2017 to 2023. All patients had a history of surgical treatment for CVJ malformations, and experienced failure or loss of reduction. The distance from the odontoid process tip to the Chamberlain's line (DCL), the atlantodental interval (ADI), clivus‐canal angle, cervicomedullary angle, width of subarachnoid space, CVJ area, and width of syrinx were used for radiographic assessment. Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores and SF‐12 scores were used for clinical assessment. Independent sample t‐tests were employed. A significance level of p < 0.05 indicates statistically significant differences. Results: We analyzed data from 35 patients. For patients who underwent PFDF, the postoperative DCL, ADI, and clivus‐canal angle significantly improved. For all patients, the postoperative cervicomedullary angle, width of subarachnoid space, CVJ area, and width of syrinx all demonstrated significant improvement, indicating the relief of neural compression. All patients showed significant improvement in both symptoms and clinical assessments. Conclusion: Severe atlantoaxial joint locking or ligament contracting are the fundamental cause of reduction and fixation failure. Anterior odontoidectomy is indicated for patients with robust bony fusion of the atlantoaxial joint in an unreduced position. The PFDF technique is safe and effective for patients with incomplete atlantoaxial bony fusion. Preoperative assessment of surgical feasibility and vertebral artery status ensures surgical safety and efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effective deployment of medical emergency equipment, such as automated external defibrillator (AED), is essential to myocardial infarction (MI) patients. However, there are shortcomings in current studies that simultaneously consider the risk of MI and the availability of medical resources when siting the AEDs. In this study, an AED site recommendation framework was proposed to address the lack of consideration for both the MI risk and medical resources when siting the AEDs. It conducts the AED sitting under different scenarios considering the spatial distribution of MI risk and healthcare accessibility in Chinese cities. First, an automated machine learning framework data is proposed to estimate the MI risk at the community scale based on multi‐source spatio‐temporal. Second, the accessibility of medical resources was calculated by an improved Gaussian two‐step moving search algorithm. Finally, the AED siting in multiple scenarios is conducted based on the coverage model. The performance of the AED siting model was evaluated at Wuhan city. The results show that MI risk is impacted by both socioeconomic and cultural characteristics (municipal utilities, streetscape environment, educational and commercial facilities). There is a strong spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of both MI risk and medical resources in Wuhan, and an unreasonable match between the two was detected in some regions. Medical resources need to be strengthened in some high‐risk areas, such as rural areas and tourist attractions. In addition, 1015 AED candidate sites were identified by the location set covering problem model, with a 15‐min accessibility rate of 96.5%. Given the limited resources, mobile AEDs which have about 15‐min service range can be deployed based on the maximum covering location problem model to meet the demand in central urban areas efficiently. This study can contribute to more rational selection of AED sites and the prevention of myocardial infarction among residents, particularly when supported by policies that promote balanced regional development of pre‐hospital medical emergency networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the oxygen dependence problem of photodynamic therapy (PDT), it is critical to explore photosensitizers that do not rely on O2 molecule to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, a stable cationic metal‐organic cage [Pd6(RuLoz3)8](BF4)28 (MOC‐88) that possesses high +28 charges is designed. The cage‐confined positive microenvironment enables efficient generation of hydroxyl radicals and improved yield of the singlet oxygen under one‐/two‐photon excitation, showing excellent performance to concurrently enhance Type‐II and O2‐independent‐Type‐I PDT. Moreover, the effective ROS production and robust lipid peroxidation trigger a series of signaling pathways (inflammasome, cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate synthase stimulator of interferon genes, and NF‐κB) to evoke PANoptosis and ferroptosis in tumor cells, enabling MOC‐88 to simultaneously cause the loss of cell membrane integrity, release a series of inflammatory cytokines and damage‐associated molecular patterns, stimulate the maturation and antigen presentation ability of dendritic cells, and ultimately activate T‐cell‐dependent adaptive immunity in vivo to inhibit tumor growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li metal batteries based on solid polymer electrolytes offer the benefits of high energy density and safety, as well as extended cycling life, making them an excellent candidate for the next‐generation battery system. However, current solid polymer electrolytes still suffer from low ion conductivity and Li+ transfer number, which seriously restricts its practical application. Herein, a self‐supporting composite solid polymer electrolyte was prepared, where phenolic resin rich in hydroxyl groups (BR) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) are mixed evenly and poured onto a cellulose membrane in one step. In such an electrolyte, PEO and BR combine to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds, lowering the crystallinity of PEO and increasing the Li+ transfer number. Lastly, the obtained solid electrolytes exhibited a high ion conductivity (1.1×10−4 S cm−1) and Li+ transfer number (0.53), as well as improved electrochemical window. Consequently, Li || Li symmetrical cells can run stably for more than 700 h at 0.1 mA cm−2/0.25 mAh cm−2. And full cells with LiFePO4 cathode can also demonstrate high discharge capacity of 152.12 mAh g−1 and rate performance. We believe that such a design based on supramolecular interaction offer a new avenue to advanced solid polymer electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating the effects of spatial scales on the uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of the social vulnerability index (SoVI) model output is critical, especially for spatial scales finer than the census block group or census block. This study applied the intelligent dasymetric mapping approach to spatially disaggregate the census tract scale SoVI model into a 300‐m grids resolution SoVI map in Davidson County, Nashville. Then, uncertainty analysis and variance‐based global sensitivity analysis were conducted on two scales of SoVI models: (a) census tract scale; (b) 300‐m grids scale. Uncertainty analysis results indicate that the SoVI model has better confidence in identifying places with a higher socially vulnerable status, no matter the spatial scales in which the SoVI is constructed. However, the spatial scale of SoVI does affect the sensitivity analysis results. The sensitivity analysis suggests that for census tract scale SoVI, the indicator transformation and weighting scheme are the two major uncertainty contributors in the SoVI index modeling stages. While for finer spatial scales like the 300‐m grid's resolution, the weighting scheme becomes the uttermost dominant uncertainty contributor, absorbing uncertainty contributions from indicator transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Plants use nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat receptors (NLRs) to sense pathogen effectors, initiating effector‐triggered immunity (ETI). NLRs containing RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW 8 domain (RNLs) function as "helper" NLRs in flowering plants and support the immune responses mediated by "sensor" NLRs in cooperation with lipase‐EP domain fused proteins (EP proteins). Despite their crucial roles in ETI, much remains unclear about the evolutionary trajectories of RNLs and their functional partners EP proteins. Here, we perform phylogenomic analyses of RNLs in 90 plants, covering the major diversity of plants, and identify the presence of RNLs in land plants and green algae, expanding the distribution of RNLs. We uncover a neglected major RNL group in gymnosperms, besides the canonical major group with NRG1s and ADR1s, and observe a drastic increase in RNL repertoire size in conifers. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that RNLs originated multiple times through domain shuffling, and the evolution of RNLs underwent a birth‐and‐death process. Moreover, we trace the origin of EP proteins back to the last common ancestor of vascular plants. We find that both RNLs and EP proteins evolve mainly under negative selection, revealing strong constraints on their function. Concerted losses and positive correlation in copy number are observed between RNL and EP sublineages, suggesting their cooperation in function. Together, our findings provide insights into the origin and evolution of plant helper NLRs, with implications for predicting novel innate immune signaling modules. Significance Statement: This study provides a comprehensive picture of the origins and complex evolution of helper NLRs and their associated proteins in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epilepsy (EP) is one of the most common neurological diseases in the world. Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge. (AA), as a typical heat‐cleaning medicine, has been proven to possess the antiepileptic effect in clinical and experimental studies. Anemarrhena asphodeloides steroidal saponins (AAS) are main components. However, the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of AAS against EP are not been fully elucidated. In this study, 63 steroidal saponins were discovered in AAS by UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS analysis. Pharmacological and behavioral analysis demonstrated that AAS could significantly lower the Racine classification and reduce the frequency of generalized spike rhythm the rate of tetanic seizures in kainic acid–induced epileptic rats. Hematoxylin and eosin and Nissl staining‐indicated AAS could significantly improve hippocampal injury and neuron loss in epileptic rats. TMT proteomic analysis discovered 26 different expressed proteins (DEPs), which were identified as the rescue proteins. After bioinformatic analysis, Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class B Member 1 (Hsp90ab1) and Tyrosine 3‐Monooxygenase (Ywhab) were screened as key DEPs and verified by western blotting. AAS could significantly inhibited the up‐regulation of Hsp90ab1 and Ywhab in EP rats; these two proteins might be the key targets of AAS in treating EP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oncogenes and tumor suppressors are well‐known to orchestrate several signaling cascades, regulate extracellular and intracellular stimuli, and ultimately control the fate of cancer cells. Accumulating evidence has recently revealed that perturbation of these key modulators by mutations or abnormal protein expressions are closely associated with drug resistance in cancer therapy; however, the inherent drug resistance or compensatory mechanism remains to be clarified for targeted drug discovery. Thus, dual‐target drug development has been widely reported to be a promising therapeutic strategy for improving drug efficiency or overcoming resistance mechanisms. In this review, we provide an overview of the therapeutic strategies of dual‐target drugs, especially focusing on pharmacological small‐molecule compounds in cancer, including small molecules targeting mutation resistance, compensatory mechanisms, synthetic lethality, synergistic effects, and other new emerging strategies. Together, these therapeutic strategies of dual‐target drugs would shed light on discovering more novel candidate small‐molecule drugs for the future cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The focus of this research was to explore any potential link between nocturia and the risk of suicidal ideation. Methods: Drawing from the National Health and Nutrition Survey, data relating to 25 241 participants was scrutinized. This included 13 421 individuals identifying as male and 11 820 individuals identifying as female. Participants provided information on nocturia and suicidal ideation via self‐completed questionnaires. To determine if nocturia was independently related to suicidal ideation, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed. Analyses were also undertaken separately for adult males and females. Results: It was found that around 3.5% of participants had experienced suicidal ideation. The results indicated that nocturia increased the risk for suicidal ideation in all adult groups (odds ratio [OR] = 1.67, 95% confidence interval[CI]: 1.37−2.03, p < 0.0001), including both males (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.38−2.65, p < 0.001) and females (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.158−1.90, p = 0.002). The risk for suicidal ideation increased with the severity of nocturia, with significant trends observed in adult males (p for trend = 0.04) and adult females (p for trend = 0.01). Additionally, subgroup examination showed a significant interaction between nocturia and educational level in adult males (p for interaction = 0.03). Among adult females, a noteworthy interaction was observed between nocturia and body mass index (p for interaction = 0.02). Conclusion: The research uncovered a connection between nocturia and an elevated risk of suicidal ideation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate pricing decisions with different decision sequences in an e‐commerce supply chain. The e‐commerce platform sells blockchain‐compatible products through a self‐operated model, while the retailer operating on the platform sells general products. Furthermore, we take into account the impact of counterfeits infiltrating the general product market. This can trigger consumers' anticipated regrets, including high‐price regret and fake purchase regret. We design three scenarios: Scenario ES (the e‐commerce platform makes the decision first), Scenario RS (the retailer makes the decision first), and Scenario VN (they make decisions simultaneously). We study the impact of consumers' anticipated regrets and the decision sequence on pricing strategies, as well as the profits of the e‐commerce platform and the retailer. Our results show that the optimal retail prices of the two versions of the products and the profits of the e‐commerce platform and the retailer are negatively correlated with the relative regret intensity. The profits of the e‐commerce platform and the retailer are the lowest under Scenario VN due to the fiercest competition. The e‐commerce platform prefers Scenario RS to Scenario ES. If the counterfeit penetration rate is small and the commission rate is large, the retailer prefers Scenario RS to Scenario ES. However, if the counterfeit penetration rate is high, or if both the counterfeit penetration rate and the commission rate are low, the retailer prefers Scenario ES to Scenario RS. Furthermore, if government penalties (or consumer claims) exist, the retailer should combat counterfeiting appropriately for better financial performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methacrylated biopolymers are unique and attractive in preparing photocrosslinkable hydrogels in biomedical applications. Here we report a novel chitosan (CS) derivative‐based injectable hydrogel with anti‐inflammatory capacity via methacrylation modification. First, ibuprofen (IBU) was conjugated to the backbone of CS by carbodiimide chemistry to obtain IBU‐CS conjugate, which converts water‐insoluble unmodified CS into water‐soluble IBU‐CS conjugate. The IBU‐CS conjugate did not precipitate at the pH of 7, which was beneficial to subsequent chemical modification with methacrylic anhydride to prepare IBU‐CS methacrylate (IBU‐CS‐MA) with significantly higher methacrylation substitution. Photocrosslinkable in situ gel formation of injectable IBU‐CS‐MA hydrogel was verified using lithium phenyl‐2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) initiator under visible light. The IBU‐CS‐MA hydrogel showed good cytocompatibility as revealed by encapsulating and in vitro culturing murine fibroblasts within hydrogels. It promoted macrophage polarization toward M2 phenotype, as well as downregulated pro‐inflammatory gene expression and upregulated anti‐inflammatory gene expression of macrophages. The hydrogel also significantly reduced the reactive oxygen specifies (ROS) and nitrogen oxide (NO) produced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS)‐stimulated macrophages. Upon subcutaneous implantation in a rat model, it significantly mitigated inflammatory responses as shown by significantly lower inflammatory cell density, less cell infiltration, and much thinner fibrous capsule compared with CS methacrylate (CS‐MA) hydrogel. This study suggests that IBU‐CS conjugate represents a feasible strategy for preparing CS‐based methacrylate hydrogels for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regulation of legume‐rhizobia symbiosis by microorganisms has obtained considerable interest in recent research, particularly in the common rhizobacteria Bacillus. However, few studies have provided detailed explanations regarding the regulatory mechanisms involved. Here, we investigated the effects of Bacillus (Bac.B) on Bradyrhizobium–soybean (Glycine max) symbiosis and elucidated the underlying ecological mechanisms. We found that two Bradyrhizobium strains (i.e. Bra.Q2 and Bra.D) isolated from nodules significantly promoted nitrogen (N) efficiency of soybean via facilitating nodule formation, thereby enhanced plant growth and yield. However, the intrusion of Bac.B caused a reverse shift in the synergistic efficiency of N2 fixation in the soybean–Bradyrhizobium symbiosis. Biofilm formation and naringenin may be importantin suppression of Bra.Q2 growth regulated by Bac.B. In addition, transcriptome and microbiome analyses revealed that Bra.Q2 and Bac.B might interact to regulateN transport and assimilation, thus influence the bacterial composition related to plant N nutrition in nodules. Also, the metabolisms of secondary metabolites and hormones associated with plant–microbe interaction and growth regulation were modulated by Bra.Q2 and Bac.B coinoculation. Collectively, we demonstrate that Bacillus negatively affects Bradyrhizobium–soybean symbiosis and modulate microbial interactions in the nodule. Our findings highlight a novel Bacillus‐based regulation to improve N efficiency and sustainable agricultural development. Summary Statement: We found a Bacillus, isolated from nodule, inhibited N efficiency in soybean–Bradyrhizobium symbiosis, mainly by restraining biofilm formation and naringenin‐regulated growth of Bradyrhizobium, regulating N, flavonoid, hormone metabolic pathways and beneficial bacteria composition in nodule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the action of the fluctuating wind load, the low frequency part produces background response to the structures, while the high frequency part produces resonance response to the structures. In structural design, equivalent static wind load is usually used to equate the fluctuating wind load. Although there are various methods of evaluating the equivalent static wind load, they did not consider the correlation between modal responses or considered them insufficiently. Therefore, in this paper, the correlation between modal response is considered to evaluate the equivalent static wind load, the displacement response is decomposed by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method, the correlation between modal displacement is removed, the equivalent static wind load is expressed in the form of displacement mode, and then the correlation between modal response is fully considered in the extreme value combination. This paper combines the equivalent static wind loads in order to make the wind resistance design more reasonable for high‐rise buildings. First, the formulas of equivalent static wind loads expressed by displacement modes of background and resonant response are deduced based on modal decomposition and POD method. Second, the combination formulas of square‐root‐of‐sum‐square (SRSS) and complete‐quadratic‐combination (CQC) rules for the equivalent static wind loads considering the mean wind loads are proposed. Both the linear combination formula of SRSS for the equivalent static wind load and the weighting factor expressions of background and resonance equivalent static wind load are given. Third, the accuracy and validity of the formulas of equivalent static wind load are verified by a wind tunnel pressure test of a high‐rise building. Finally, the simplified combination coefficient formulas for the equivalent static wind loads are proposed, and the combination of the high‐rise building base's fluctuating equivalent static wind loads of along‐wind direction, across‐wind direction, and torsional direction is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Fluorescent optical fiber temperature sensors require accurate online temperature monitoring in hazardous environments with strong electromagnetic fields, high voltages, flammability, or explosiveness. This imposes stringent requirements on the temperature coefficient stability of the bandgap reference (BGR) circuit. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a high‐order curvature compensation bandgap reference (HCC_BGR) circuit fabricated using a 0.18‐μm bipolar‐CMOS‐DMOS (BCD) process. A traditional first‐order bandgap reference (TRA_BGR) circuit is also fabricated for comparison. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed HCC_BGR circuit generates a stable 1.22‐V reference voltage with a low‐temperature coefficient of 5.56 ppm/°C from −20°C to 85°C. Compared to the TRA_BGR circuit, the HCC_BGR reduces the temperature coefficient by 3.07 times. Furthermore, the low‐dropout regulator (LDO) using the proposed HCC_BGR exhibits excellent line sensitivity of 1.52%/V from 3.4 to 5 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]