Search

The insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) signalling pathway contributes a major role on various cancer cell proliferation, survival and cell cycle. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of nimbolide on IGF signalling and cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. The protein expression of IGF signalling molecules and cell cycle protein levels was assessed by western blot analysis. In order to study the interaction of nimbolide on IGF-1 signalling pathway, IGF-I and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) were used to treat MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Further, the cell cycle arrest was analysed by flow cytometry. The protein expression of IGF signalling molecules was significantly decreased in nimbolide-treated breast cancer cells. PI3K inhibitor and IGF-I with nimbolide treatment notably inhibited phosphorylated Akt. The cell cycle arrest was observed at the G0/G1 phase, and accumulation of apoptotic cells was observed in nimbolide-treated breast cancer cell lines. Nimbolide also increased the protein expression of p21 and decreased the cyclins in both the cell lines. Nimbolide decreases the proliferation of breast cancer cells by modulating the IGF signalling molecules, which could be very useful for the breast cancer treatment., (Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

The title compound, C17H20O2, has an E conformation about the bridging C=C bond. The cyclo-hexene ring adopts an envelope conformation with the dimethyl-substituted C atom as the flap. Its mean plane makes a dihedral angle of 7.20 (12)° with the benzene ring. In the crystal, neighbouring mol-ecules are connected via C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains running along the a-axis direction.

Prostate cancer is responsible for major deaths globally after lung cancer. Nimbolide is an important constituent of neem, and it acts as a potent inhibitor for many cancer cells. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of nimbolide on apoptosis and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling molecules in androgen-independent prostate cancer (PC-3) cells line. Nimbolide (0.5-2 μM) treatment resulted in 50% inhibition at a dose of 2 μM in the PC-3 cell line. The mRNA expression of Fas ligand, Fas-associated death domain receptor (FADDR), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad), phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), Akt, IGF1, IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) and IGF binding protein 3 were quantified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and protein expression of Bax, cytochrome c, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), caspases -8, -9, -10 and -3, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), cleaved PARP, IGF1R, PI3K, Akt, p-Akt was determined by western blot analysis, in nimbolide-treated PC-3 cell line. Nimbolide-induced apoptosis by activating DNA fragmentation in PC-3 cells. Nimbolide treatment increased the mRNA of Fas ligand, FADDR, Bax, Bad and IGF binding protein 3, decreased PI3K, Akt, IGF1 and IGF1R, increased protein expression of caspases 8, 3, 10, 9, Bax and cytochrome c and decreased the expression of XIAP, Bcl2, cleaved PARP, p-Akt and IGF1R. The results suggest that nimbolide acts as a potent anti-cancer agent by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation via PI3K/Akt pathway in PC-3 cells., (Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

In the title compound, C16H17ClO, the cyclo-hexene ring adopts a half-chair conformation and the best plane through the six ring atoms makes a dihedral angle of 6.69 (7)° with the chlorophenyl ring. In the crystal, pairs of C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into centrosymmetric R 2 (2)(20) dimers. The dimers are linked into an infinite chains along the b-axis direction by further C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

In the title compound, C16H12F2O3, the plane of the phenyl ring makes a dihedral angle of 3.22 (8)° with that of the benzene ring. The mol-ecule has an E conformation about the C=C bond. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked via pairs of O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers which are further consolidated by a pair of C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The dimers are linked via C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming columns along the b-axis direction.

In the title compound, C26H22ClFO2, the cyclo-propane ring is disordered over two orientations, with site-occupancy factors of 0.64 (2) and 0.36 (2). The major occupancy component of the cyclo-propane ring makes dihedral angles of 47.6 (7), 50.4 (7) and 65.4 (7)° with the fluoro-, chloro- and unsubstituted benzene rings, respectively [the corresponding values for the minor occupancy component are 47.6 (12), 51.0 (12) and 60.9 (12)°]. An intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs. The F and Cl atoms deviate by 0.0508 (12) and 0.0592 (7) Å from the planes of their attached benzene rings. In the crystal, C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into chains along the b-axis direction.

In the title compound, C(26)H(22)F(2)O(2), the cyclo-propane ring makes dihedral angles of 47.6 (2), 51.3 (2) and 63.9 (2)° with the 2-fluoro-substituted phenyl ring, the unsubstituted phenyl ring and the 4-fluoro-substituted phenyl ring, respectively. There is a short C-H⋯F contact in the molecule. In the crystal, weak C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds lead to chains of mol-ecules extending along the b-axis direction.

In the title compound, C(26)H(22)ClFO(2), the cyclo-propane ring makes dihedral angles of 45.7 (2), 49.0 (2) and 65.2 (2)° with the fluoro-substituted phenyl ring, the benzene ring and the chloro-substituted phenyl ring, respectively. The F and Cl atoms deviate by 0.0307 (11) and 0.0652 (6) Å, respectively, from the planes of the phenyl rings to which they are attached. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the b axis.

A series of novel 1-(substituted benzylidene)-4-(1-(morpholino/piperidino methyl)-2,3-dioxoindolin-5-yl) semicarbazides 6a-6t was designed and synthesized on the basis of semicarbazide-based pharmacophoric model to meet the structural requirements necessary for anticonvulsant activity. The compounds were subjected to in vivo antiepileptic evaluation using maximal electroshock test and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole seizure test methods. The neurotoxicity was determined by rotorod test. In the preliminary screening, compounds 6c, 6d, 6g, 6h, and 6m were found active in maximal electroshock test model, while 6g, 6i, 6m, and 6o showed significant antiepileptic activity in subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole seizure test model. Further, the compounds 6c, 6d, 6g, 6h, 6i, and 6m were administered orally to rats, of which 6c and 6g showed better activity than phenytoin. Among the synthesized compounds, 6g revealed excellent protection in both models with lower neurotoxicity., (© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.)

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is a serine protease that is involved in cancer progression, especially invasion and metastasis including prostate cancer. uPA activation is mediated by transactivation of uPAR and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) in prostate cancer progression. Prostate cancer (PC-3) cells have highly invasive capacity and they express uPA and uPAR gene. PC-3 cells are treated with quercetin, which inhibits invasion and migration of PC-3 cells. Quercetin downregulates uPA, uPAR and EGF, EGF-R mRNA expressions. Quercetin inhibits cell survival factor β-catenin, NF-κB and also proliferative signalling molecules such as p-EGF-R, N-Ras, Raf-1, c.Fos c.Jun and p-c.Jun protein expressions. But quercetin increased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase protein expression. Our results suggest that quercetin inhibit migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. It shows the value for treatment of invasive and metastasis type of prostate cancer., (Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)