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This paper offers more‐than‐care as a framework for analysing how vulnerability emerges in the lives of people with intellectual disability beyond relations of care. More‐than‐care detaches vulnerability from the identity category of disability. It provides a framework for conceptualising vulnerability in an unequal, neoliberalising, and ableist world and sheds new light on the ever‐evolving constitution of vulnerability and disability. This intervention breaks with conceptions of vulnerability centred on care needs that leave other circumstances that inform vulnerabilities unexamined. Importantly, the framework shifts responsibility for managing vulnerabilities away from carers alone. The more‐than‐care framework is grounded in socio‐material conceptualisations of disability and advances a tripartite framing of vulnerability. First, it grounds studies of vulnerability in histories of spatially uneven investment in infrastructure and resources that shape how care and other practices can assemble to produce, challenge, and manage vulnerability. Second, it recalibrates dominant conceptions of the temporality of vulnerability to ensure sensitivity to the unpredictability of emergent vulnerabilities. Third, in following a socio‐material conceptualisation of intellectual disability, more‐than‐care expands discussions about agency in the context of vulnerability. These concepts are empirically examined through an analysis of how vulnerability emerges in the lives of four self‐advocates with intellectual disability during Melbourne's first and second COVID‐19 lockdowns. The analysis shows that vulnerability was highly dynamic and unpredictable as it emerged in complex socio‐material assemblages that included care arrangements, embodied experiences and agencies, and past instances of neglect and exploitation. This paper offers more‐than‐care as a framework for analysing how vulnerability emerges in the lives of people with intellectual disability beyond relations of care. The framework breaks with conceptions of vulnerability centred on care needs that leave other circumstances that inform vulnerabilities unexamined. Applying the framework to the emergence of vulnerability in the lives of self‐advocates with intellectual disability during Melbourne's COVID‐19 lockdowns showed that vulnerability was highly dynamic and that the self‐advocates actively managed emerging vulnerabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proceeds on the basis that the cost of energy will rise in coming years and decades as the age of fossil energy abundance comes to an end. Given the close connection between energy and economic activity, we also assume that declining energy availability and affordability will lead to economic contraction and reduced material affluence. In overconsuming and overdeveloped nations, such resource and energy "degrowth" is desirable and necessary from a sustainability perspective, provided it is planned for and managed in ways consistent with basic principles of distributive equity. Working within that degrowth paradigm, we examine how scarcer and more expensive energy may impact the suburban way of life and how households might prepare for this very plausible, but challenging, energy descent future. The article examines energy demand management in suburbia and how the limited energy needed to provide for essential household services can best be secured in an era of expensive energy and climate instability. After reviewing various energy practices, we also highlight a need for an ethos of sufficiency, moderation, and radical frugality, which we argue is essential for building resilience in the face of forthcoming energy challenges and a harsher climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, there has been a marked growth in formalised city networks. City networks of late have transcended beyond municipal collaborations towards more complex networked governance arrangements. City networks are noted also to raise the level of ambition among cities learning from and competing with each other with regard to the deployment of low‐carbon technologies and policies. Over the last two decades, at least nine urban climate networks have been established around the world. This article consolidates the academic literature on C40 within the context of three key themes that are drawn upon from earlier work of Davidson et al. with the goal of drawing out the key implications of researching, and putting into practice, urban studies in an age of increasingly networked urban governance and the role of city networks. We conclude the paper with articulating a new research agenda that places a focus on the effects of city networks on institutional relevance of traditional planning in ways that have not yet been considered in practice and scholarship. We argue a key challenge is to align and potentially synthesise these traditional and new forms of city shaping in an urban age era of rapidly unfolding endangerment. Importantly, the questions we raise suggest that both new knowledge and action are needed to ensure these powerful and innovative forces for urban change (possibly disruption) align closely with what is arguably the gravest consideration in the urban age, the imminent threat to planetary well‐being from climate warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The responses by Acuto, Frantzeskaki, Gordon & Johnson, Pinault and Smeds all draw attention to the need to situate C40 in a wider political and economic context. Global city networks such as C40 facilitate, orchestrate, test and diffuse critical innovations for urban climate action through processes of experimentation. How these processes of on‐the‐ground experimentation in networked cities relate to global climate action and governance remains however poorly understood. Further research is needed to disclose and unpack the hidden politics, knowledge dynamics and institutional reconfigurations of such experiments curtailed by seemingly inclusive but rather opaque concepts such as living labs, co‐creation and co‐production. For research to be actionable and experimentation to be generative, it is key that the knowledge that is created and articulated in city networks remains firmly embedded in the public realm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is growing recognition of a new human ascendancy: 'the urban age'. Rising interest in urbanism is evident in popular literature, the media and major global institutions. And yet, as with another great issue of the age, global warming, there is evidence that social science is being sidelined from a rapidly enlarging field of human concern. New urban knowledges are forwarded from the physical sciences and from popular commentary that are characterized by naturalism and its kindred tendencies, especially determinism. In this essay I consider why social scientific urbanism seems increasingly marginal to an ever broadening urban discussion. The regressive consequences for human knowledge and prospect are essayed. The essay's final part is prospectus: for a revivified social scientific urbanism that draws from Sayer's recent argument for renewal of critical human knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review paper applies a critical geographic perspective to analysis of planning ambition and prospect. Its point of departure is that planning, an applied spatial science, has lacked consistent review from critical geography in recent decades. The consequences of this drift for planning conception and practice are considered, focusing on the influential construct, the compact city. The review finds evidence of serious epistemological and methodological flaws in planning thought and ambition; failings that were earlier identified and analysed in the break with positivism in geographical sciences. The consequences of these limitations for planning thought and practice are considered. Broadly they undermine the ability of the compact city ideal to address what is arguably the most critical threat facing humanity, climate change. Specifically, the proposition that urban density has straightforward influences on human behaviour, including resource use, is without scientific foundation. Planning has a critically important part to play in climate response: securing the resilience and well-being of an increasingly urbanised human species. Urban compaction may not achieve these ends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the reaction of 1 H-imidazole (), 4,5-dichloro-1 H-imidazole (), 1 H-benzimidazole (), 1-methyl-1 H-imidazole (), and 1-methyl-1 H-benzimidazole () with methyl 4-(bromomethyl)benzoate (), symmetrically and nonsymmetrically 4-(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors, -, were synthesized. These NHC precursors were then reacted with silver(I) acetate (AgOAc) to yield the NHC-silver acetate complexes (acetato- κO){1,3-bis[4-(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl]imidazol-2-ylidene}silver (), (acetato- κO){4,5-dichloro-1,3-bis[4-(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydro-1 H-imidazol-2-yl}silver (), (acetato- κO){1,3-bis[4-(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydro-1 H-benzimidazol-2-yl}silver (), (acetato- κO){1-[4-(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl]-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-imidazol-2-yl}silver (), (acetato-κ O){4,5-dichloro-1-[4-(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl]-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-imidazol-2-yl}silver (), and (acetato- κO){1-[4-(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl]-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-benzimidazol-2-yl}silver (), respectively. The three NHC-AgOAc complexes , and were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All compounds studied in this work were preliminarily screened for their antimicrobial activities in vitro against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli using the qualitative disk-diffusion method . All NHC-AgOAc complexes exhibited weak-to-medium antibacterial activity with areas of clearance ranging from 4 to 7 mm at the highest amount used, while the NHC precursors showed significantly lower activity. In addition, NHC-AgOAc complexes and , and - exhibited in preliminary cytotoxicity tests on the human renal-cancer cell line Caki-1 medium-to-high cytotoxicities with IC values ranging from 3.3±0.4 to 68.3±1 μ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper critically analyses the European Union's regional policy framework and considers its implications for Australia's multi-level governance system. The analysis is made with reference to the ‘new regionalist’ debates in Europe and North America that have asserted the importance of regional economic development in the context of globalisation. New regionalism's advocacy of ‘economic normalisation’ as a leading regional policy aim is critically evaluated against the EU policy experience. Conclusions about the adequacy of new regionalist claims are drawn for Australian policy debates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, in most western countries, conventional transport planning has encountered growing social opposition from environmentalists and increasing scientific criticism on the grounds of its unsustainability. In some places, including the United Kingdom, the assumptions, beliefs and values (‘storylines’) about transport have shifted to some degree away from the car in favour of public and slow forms of transport. The article elaborates a concept of ‘ecosocialization’ to describe and explain the various reform pressures that have sought to reorient transport planning away from car-dominated approaches. We use this concept in preference to the more familiar one of ‘ecological modernization’ in order to foreground the influence of embedded value systems and habits, as well as institutions and rules, on key pathways of social development. Whilst these reformist pressures and their consequences have been evident for decades, it is also apparent that in other contexts, after moments of subordination to alternative policy settings, conventional car-dominated transport planning has reasserted its pre-eminence. Our article explores the shifting discourses and practices of transport planning in three national policy settings, charting the contest between critiques of car-dominated approaches and those ‘countermodernizing’ forces, especially road building institutions, that have resisted this ‘ecosocialization’. Au cours des dernières décennies, dans la plupart des pays occidentaux, la planification classique du trafic a subi une accentuation de l’opposition sociale des écologistes et des critiques des milieux scientifiques en raison de son caractère non-durable. Dans certains endroits, dont le Royaume-Uni, les a priori, convictions et valeurs (‘scénarios’) sur le transport se sont quelque peu détournés de l’automobile au prof... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the importance of contextualization as a starting point for an integrated ecological ethics. Explanation of the point of departure from understandings of environmental ethics that presuppose a global ontological framework; Confrontation of the problem of universality versus culture-bound conceptions of justice; Question on the need for global institutions of governance that would permit such development.

Abstract: In the new millennium, cities have become an emerging force among new forms of subnational climate governance. Of interest is how cities act unilaterally and directly in this new climate politics via the provision of relevant tools. Since metropolitan planning strategies have been considered as important mechanisms for achieving urban sustainability in this period, this research has sought to investigate the importance of these master plans in the delivery of urban responses to climate change. For this purpose, the study has employed a qualitative research methodology with the application of a comparative case study and the progression of a conceptual framework for evaluating climate policies in metropolitan plans of two selected cities—London and Melbourne. The study's results suggest that both the ‘London Plan’ and ‘Plan Melbourne’ incorporate critical elements to enhance climate governance, including the promotion of coordination principles, innovative technologies, a participatory planning approach and a long‐term planning scale. However, the review identified a consistent omission of key principles as identified through the proposed matrix for analysing the climate policies of a city's government, which include risk assessment tools, monitoring systems, distribution, impact frame and accountability. Moreover, the research also revealed the lack of vertical integration in policy formulation and implementation of ‘Plan Melbourne’. Our study suggests that a city's governance structure influences the way it undertakes its climate actions and the potential efficacy of these on a metropolitan scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]