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Aims: This study examined the cross-sectional association between diet quality and periodontal disease., Materials and Methods: In the Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance Study (ORIGINS), 923 individuals completed the National Cancer Institute's validated Diet History Questionnaire 1, from which the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) scores and A Priori Diet Quality Scores (APDQS) were calculated. Mean probing depth (MPD), mean clinical attachment loss (MAL) and % of sites bleeding on probing (%BOP) were derived from full-mouth periodontal exams. Multivariable adjusted linear and logistic regression models assessed the associations between diet quality and MPD, MAL, %BOP, and the odds of periodontitis (defined via the CDC/AAP classification)., Results: Alternative Healthy Eating Index and APDQS were not associated with MPD, MAL, or periodontitis. While AHEI was also not associated with %BOP, the APDQS was associated with %BOP (p = .03). Higher nut consumption was related to lower MPD (p = .03) and periodontitis odds (p = .03). Higher red meat consumption was associated with higher MPD (p = .01) and %BOP (p = .05). Higher trans-fatty acid consumption was also associated with increased %BOP (p = .05)., Conclusion: Overall diet quality scores were not associated with periodontal status. Future studies are necessary to replicate the associations observed in this study to minimize the risk of false discovery., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background Arsenic-related cardiovascular effects at exposure levels below the US Environmental Protection Agency's standard of 10 μg/L are unclear. For these populations, food, especially rice, is a major source of exposure. We investigated associations of rice intake, a marker of arsenic exposure, with subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) markers in a multiethnic population. Methods and Results Between 2000 and 2002, MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) enrolled 6814 adults without clinical CVD. We included 5050 participants with baseline data on rice intake and markers of 3 CVD domains: inflammation (hsCRP [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein], interleukin-6, and fibrinogen), vascular function (aortic distensibility, carotid distensibility, and brachial flow-mediated dilation), and subclinical atherosclerosis at 3 vascular sites (carotid intima-media thickness, coronary artery calcification, and ankle-brachial index). We also evaluated endothelial-related biomarkers previously associated with arsenic. Rice intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire. Urinary arsenic was measured in 310 participants. A total of 13% of participants consumed ≥1 serving of rice/day. Compared with individuals consuming <1 serving of rice/week, ≥1 serving of rice/day was not associated with subclinical markers after demographic, lifestyle, and CVD risk factor adjustment (eg, geometric mean ratio [95% CI] for hsCRP, 0.98 [0.86-1.11]; aortic distensibility, 0.99 [0.91-1.07]; and carotid intima-media thickness, 0.98 [0.91-1.06]). Associations with urinary arsenic were similar to those for rice intake. Conclusions Rice intake was not associated with subclinical CVD markers in a multiethnic US population. Research using urinary arsenic is needed to assess potential CVD effects of low-level arsenic exposure. Understanding the role of low-level arsenic as it relates to subclinical CVD may contribute to CVD prevention and control.

Background The enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway is an alternative pathway of nitric oxide generation, potentially linking the oral microbiome to insulin resistance and blood pressure (BP). We hypothesized that increased abundance of nitrate-reducing oral bacteria would be associated with lower levels of cardiometabolic risk cross-sectionally. Methods and Results ORIGINS (Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance, and Insulin Resistance Study) enrolled 300 diabetes mellitus-free adults aged 20 to 55 years (mean=34±10 years) (78% women). Microbial DNA was extracted from subgingival dental plaque (n=281) and V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced to measure the relative abundances of 20 a priori - selected taxa with nitrate-reducing capacity. Standardized scores of each taxon's relative abundance were summed, producing a nitrate-reducing taxa summary score (NO 3 TSS) for each participant. Natural log-transformed homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, plasma glucose, systolic BP, and diastolic BP were regressed on NO 3 TSS in multivariable linear regressions; prediabetes mellitus and hypertension prevalence were regressed on NO 3 TSS using modified Poisson regression models. Nitrate-reducing bacterial species represented 20±16% of all measured taxa. After multivariable adjustment, a 1-SD increase in NO 3 TSS, was associated with a -0.09 (95% CI, -0.15 to -0.03) and -1.03 mg/dL (95% CI, -1.903 to -0.16) lower natural log-transformed homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and plasma glucose, respectively. NO 3 TSS was associated with systolic BP only among patients without hypertension; 1-SD increase in NO 3 TSS was associated with -1.53 (95% CI, -2.82 to -0.24) mm Hg lower mean systolic BP. No associations were observed with prediabetes mellitus and hypertension. Conclusions A higher relative abundance of oral nitrate-reducing bacteria was associated with lower insulin resistance and plasma glucose in the full cohort and with mean systolic BP in participants with normotension.