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Comprehensive Summary The programmability of DNA assembly allows for the creation of gold nanostructures with custom shapes and tailored optical properties, holding promise for applications including single‐molecule sensing and imaging. While DNA origami provides addressable site information for structure construction, there have been few studies on encoding information onto gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to guide the assembly of Au‐DNA origami structures, especially for encoding extensive information onto large AuNPs (e.g., 30 nm). In this work, we introduce a strategy that encodes extensive information onto versatile AuNPs ranging in size from 5 nm to 30 nm using a DNA origami template (parent origami). This encoded information serves to direct the positioning of the AuNPs within a regenerated DNA origami structure (daughter origami). Our findings demonstrate the successful assembly of AuNPs ranging from 5 nm to 30 nm on the same site of the daughter DNA origami as the parent DNA origami, with yields of up to 80%. This approach offers new possibilities for achieving precise control over AuNPs assembly and functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In recent years, the markets for plant‐based products and plant protein have experienced a remarkable global expansion. The demand for plant‐based products, ranging from meat substitutes and dairy alternatives to plant‐based snacks and beverages, has surged exponentially. Soy protein, among all the plant protein resources, held a significant market share in the plant‐based industry, reflecting its popularity and widespread use. The selection of an appropriate soy fractionation process is essential for the development of cleaner and more sustainable soy‐based food products. This study compared three different soy protein fractions (SPFs) obtained through mild fractionation processes, each with unique chemical compositions and functionalities. Aqueous ethanol washing process resulted in the fractions with the highest protein purity and water holding capacity, while the simplified aqueous extraction method coupled with either an alkaline solubilisation step (SAE‐Alkaline) or an acid precipitation step (SAE‐Acid) yielded protein fractions with superior solubility, thermal stability, and gel strength. The choice of fractionation route has significant implications for the production of protein‐rich ingredients, and prioritising sustainable processing methods can contribute to the development of innovative and environmentally friendly soy‐based foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Faba bean is a rich source of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. It serves as a staple food in Asia, Africa, and the Mediterranean region. Faba bean production in Canada has recently increased due to the interest in sustainable plant‐based proteins. Identifying faba bean varieties that can grow across different environments and provide good quality, nutrition, and functionality is important. This study aimed to determine the effect of variety, growing location, and year on the composition, certain anti‐nutrients, and functionality of the faba bean varieties grown in Canada. Findings: Variety, growing location, and year had significant effects on the protein content, crude fat, ash, phytic acid, stachyose, verbascose, trypsin inhibitor activity, and functional properties of faba beans, including oil emulsion and water holding capacity. Starch content, total dietary fiber, and least gelling concentration were significantly affected by variety and growing location, whereas raffinose, oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and stability were significantly affected by variety and growing year. Significant interactions of variety, growing location, and year were observed for most characteristics. Environment played a greater role in affecting faba bean characteristics than variety except for starch content, total dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, and foaming stability. Conclusions: It was found that varietal and environmental factors affected each trait differently. Selecting suitable varieties and growing conditions would improve the quality of faba bean. Significance and Novelty: Information from this study will be useful to breeders, growers, and food manufacturers to improve the production and utilization of faba beans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The advancement of the modern food industry has prompted a shift away from traditional protein extraction methods due to their inherent limitations. As a result, there is a growing interest in exploring alternative methods for protein extraction and modification such as ultrasonic (US) treatment. This shift towards more sustainable and efficient protein extraction methods is a key research focus in obtaining safe proteins in an environmentally friendly manner. Furthermore, enhancing the functional properties of proteins through modification can expand their application. This paper reviews recent research progress and applications of US treatment on protein extraction and modification as well as the impact on protein structure and functional properties. In addition, the latest applications of ultrasound‐modified‐proteins, including nano‐proteins, 3D printing and interactions between proteins and other food components, are reviewed. This review may provide some inspiration for the potential application of US technologies in food fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the impact of haemophilia A without inhibitors on humanistic outcomes in patients and caregivers. Herein, we report a cross‐sectional analysis of the baseline data of persons with haemophilia (PWH) participating in the prospective study HEMOLIFE. Methods: These data are part of a prospective, observational, and multicentre study currently being conducted in 20 hospitals in Spain by haematologists. We included subjects 12 years or older diagnosed with haemophilia. The evaluations included the Maladjustment Scale, Haemophilia–Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adults (HaemoQol)/HaemoQol Short Form (Children), haemophilia‐specific version of the Work Productivity and Impairment Questionnaire plus the Classroom Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI+CIQ:HS), Haemophilia Activity List (HAL)/Paediatric Haemophilia Activities List (pedHAL), visual analogue scale (VAS) for evaluating pain, Coping Pain Questionnaire–Reduced (CAD‐R), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: A total of 81 PWH were recruited at 18 centres; 66 PWH were ≥18 years (i.e., adults), and PWH 15 were <18 years (i.e., paediatric patients). Out of the 79 evaluable subjects, 16 (20%) showed an impact of haemophilia on daily life, and the areas most affected were "leisure time" (58% showed maladjustment) and "work/studies" (47% showed maladjustment). Patients reported a higher impact of haemophilia on quality of life (mean [SD] of the transformed score) in the dimensions of "sport" (49.4 [28.6]), "physical health" (40.5 [25.8]) and "future" (37.7 [28.9]). In adults, according to HAL scores, greater impairment of function was observed in "lying/sitting/kneeling/standing," "function of legs" and "leisure activities and sports," with mean normalized scores of 64.7, 65.1 and 69.0, respectively. Productivity was mostly impacted by presenteeism. The pain was infrequent and moderate. According to the HADS scores, nine (11.5%) patients had clinical anxiety and depression. Conclusion: PWH without inhibitors exhibited impairments in adjustment, quality of life and functionality, especially related to leisure and sports activities, and exhibit relevant levels of anxiety and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), a novel subclass of porous crystalline materials self‐assembled from organic linkers through hydrogen bonding and other intermolecular interactions, have emerged as an exciting platform for developing multifunctional materials. Recently, luminescent HOF sensors have drawn considerable attention due to their unique advantages, such as hydrogen‐bonding flexibility, inherent luminescent centers in organic linkers, ease of functionalization, low density and toxicity, and good stability. However, a comprehensive study on the design strategies, functionalities, and applications of HOFs in sensing is lacking. In this review, the uniqueness and development of luminescent sensing HOFs are outlined. The design principles and strategies to enable the sensing performance are summarized, including the pre‐design of luminescent organic linkers and post‐modification with additional luminescent species. The state‐of‐the‐art advances in diverse sensing applications are overviewed, such as the detection of chemical pollutants, biomolecules, gases, and physical factors like temperature and mechanical forces. Moreover, the current challenges and corresponding potential avenues are discussed. This review aims to inspire more innovative research on the fabrication of advanced HOFs for luminescent sensing functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From their foundational role in electronics to their pivotal contributions in the structural domain, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exemplify a revolutionary nanomaterial with broad applications. The chemical inertness of the CNT surface is a primary limitation that restricts the full utilization of CNTs for mass use in several applications. Herein, works performed on the development of surface‐modified CNTs known as periodically patterned structures are focused. Different structures including shish kebab, nanofiber, nanoflower, and cheetah skin CNT have been studied. Periodic patterning on CNTs offers a chance to improve the nanotube's surface properties and roughness, facilitating better interaction with a matrix. Additionally, the fully controllable processing procedure opens significant opportunities for additional modification and attachment of phases onto specific areas of periodically patterned CNTs. The periodic patterning aspect holds promise for the mass production of surface‐modified CNTs, enhancing their surface multifunctionality. This advancement has the potential to cater to a diverse array of applications, offering improved surface functionality in a mass‐production setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although currently in the nascent stages of research and development, two‐dimensional perovskite solar cells have showcased remarkable promise as the robust and efficient solar cell technology. Anticipated progressions and refinements in this domain are poised to establish two‐dimensional perovskite cells as instrumental catalysts in shaping the trajectory of renewable energy, heralding transformative breakthroughs. The hole transport layer (HTL) plays an irreplaceable role in the charge carriers' transport and interface effects in two‐dimensional perovskite devices. This review starts with the structural characteristics of two‐dimensional perovskite solar cells. The influence of the intrinsic characteristics of the perovskite active layer itself and the interaction of the perovskite/transport layer contact interface are analyzed. This discussion delves into the impact of intrinsic quantum confinement and the dielectric effect within the two‐dimensional perovskite structure on photovoltaic conversion efficiency. It also explores the energy level alignment between the clathrate active layer and the transport layer. The significance of the HTL is emphasized, particularly regarding crystalline control, phase distribution, and interface passivation. Additionally, the crucial role of efficient carrier transport between the active layer and the transport layer is thoroughly examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on implicit person theories, this paper investigates the relationship between the growth mindset of management accountants and changes in the design of costing systems, as well as the role that organisational culture plays in this relationship. Using survey data from 146 management accountants of manufacturing companies, we find that management accountants who have a growth mindset increase the complexity, inconclusiveness, and functionality of their firm's costing system, compared to those who have a fixed mindset. Additionally, our results show that innovation‐oriented culture (a dimension of organisational culture) strengthens the relationship between growth mindset and changes in the design of the costing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spider silk, possessing exceptional combination properties, is classified as a bio‐gel fiber. Thereby, it serves as a valuable origin of inspiration for the advancement of various artificial gel fiber materials with distinct functionalities. Gel fibers exhibit promising potential for utilization in diverse fields, including smart textiles, artificial muscle, tissue engineering, and strain sensing. However, there are still numerous challenges in improving the performance and functionalizing applications of spider silk‐inspired artificial gel fibers. Thus, to gain a penetrating insight into bioinspired artificial gel fibers, this review provided a comprehensive overview encompassing three key aspects: the fundamental design concepts and implementing strategies of gel fibers, the properties and strengthening strategies of gel fibers, and the functionalities and application prospects of gel fibers. In particular, multiple strengthening and toughening mechanisms were introduced at micro, nano, and molecular‐level structures of gel fibers. Additionally, the existing challenges of gel fibers are summarized. This review aims to offer significant guidance for the development and application of artificial gel fibers and inspire further research in the field of high‐performance gel fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four vinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) with different functionalities and cage structures, monovinyl‐POSS (monov‐POSS), divinyl‐POSS (div‐POSS), trivinyl‐POSS (triv‐POSS), and tetravinyl‐POSS (tetrav‐POSS) were prepared and blended into fiber‐reinforced ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM—EPDM/AF) in the form of chemical cross‐linking to obtain four modified composites with various cross‐linked network structures and cage structures to investigate the influences and improvement of cross‐linking network and cage structures on the mechanical, thermal stability and ablation resistance of EPDM/AF. The results showed that the POSS of multi‐functionality with small steric hindrance, such as tetrafunctional tetrav‐POSS, can most significantly improve mechanical properties of EPDM/AF by forming denser crosslinking network structures, and the tensile strength and elongation at break of EPDM/AF/tetrav‐POSS can be increased 73.3% and 42.1% compared with EPDM/AF, respectively. POSS that has a complete cage structure and enables the modified composites to obtain a relatively dense cross‐linked network structure, such as difunctional div‐POSS can more substantially enhance the thermal stability and ablative resistance of EPDM/AF with the LAR and MAR of EPDM/AF/div‐POSS reduced by 25.2% and 10.5% compared to EPDM/AF, respectively. High‐temperature thermal transition of four modified composites at gradient temperatures was investigated to explain the relationship between the structure of POSS and ablation properties. Highlights: Four POSS with different functionalities and cage structures were designed.Mechanical and ablative properties were reinforced by four vinyl POSS.Multifunctional POSS can most significantly improve mechanical properties.Functionality and cage structure together influence ablative property.High‐temperature thermal transition of modified composites was investigated [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties are investigated for developed synthesized green composite. The varying content of kenaf fiber‐reinforced high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composite has been fabricated using microwave‐assisted compression molding techniques with and without the addition of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). X band range has been used for EMI shielding characterization. Optimization for mechanical strength has been done using tensile test, impact test, and translaminar fracture toughness test. Fractography by scanning electron and optical microscopy concluded that interfacial adhesion between kenaf fiber and HDPE matrix and the degree of ductility of the matrix are primary governing factors for change in mechanical properties. The differential scanning calorimetry confirmed no change in the degree of crystallization of the matrix with the addition of MWCNTs. Composite with EMI shielding effect above 30 dB along with superior mechanical properties is obtained at 16% (v/v) kenaf fiber content with the addition of 5% (wt.) conductive MWCNTs for possible application in electronic equipment casing, overhead bin, or unmanned aerial vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineered noble metal nanomaterials (NMN) possess adjustable optical, electrical, and biocompatible properties that make them excellent tools for probing the nano‐bio‐interface. Understanding their interactions with biomolecules, cells, and tissues at the nano‐bio‐interface is crucial in designing these nanomaterials for biomedical applications. This review summarizes the structure, properties, synthesis, and passivation methods of noble metal nanoparticles, as well as the construction strategy and detection technology of the nano‐bio‐interface to provide important information about their uptake, distribution, metabolism, and degradation in vivo and in vitro. The related action mechanisms include the kinetic and thermodynamic processes of the nano‐bio‐interface, the driving forces for its formation, and the chemical reactions at the nano‐bio‐interface. By exploring the action mechanism of the nano‐bio‐interface, the antibacterial properties and cytotoxicity of NMN could be better understood, and open up more extensive biological applications. Finally, the future trends of NMNs in the biological field and the challenges encountered in realizing these technologies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study aimed to determine the functional properties of chitinous materials (CMs) extracted from crustacean shells as multifunctional non‐meat ingredients in emulsified sausage. The CMs were separated from blue crab and crawfish and classified into four types (dehydration, DeH; deproteinization, DeP; demineralization, DeM; deacetylation, DeA) based on the extraction step. Functional properties of different CM types according to the extraction step were assessed using both meat batter and emulsified sausage systems. Among the CMs, the functional characteristics of DeP and DeM exhibited higher binding and emulsion capacity and showed more redness than other CMs (P < 0.05). Compared to the non‐CM added control, the emulsified sausages including CMs showed higher emulsion stability (P < 0.05). The sausages manufactured with DeP or DeM showed higher redness and hardness and lower cooking loss than the control (P < 0.05). During refrigerated storage, emulsified sausages with DeH and DeP inhibited the lipid oxidation compared to those of control (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that DeP or DeM inclusion can improve binding ability and colour as well as lipid oxidation in emulsified sausage. Thus, it can be used as a novel non‐meat ingredient to improve functional and technological properties of processed meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Aqueous dispersions of commercially produced lupin protein isolate with pH 5 and 9 were treated using high pressure homogenisation (HPH) at 25–200 MPa with one to ten homogenisation cycles. Particle size, zeta potential, solubility, molecular weight and rheological properties were analysed. HPH reduced the particle size for lupin protein at pH 5 from 54 to 5 μm and from 14 to <2 μm at pH 9 at 25–100 MPa. However, at 200 MPa, the particle size had less reduction. HPH did not have any significant impact on the zeta potential where it was maintained at −13 mV for pH 5 and −25 mV for pH 9. After HPH, solubility increased significantly for both pH 5 and 9 lupin protein samples. However, prolonged homogenisation decreased solubility. HPH impacted the viscosity of lupin protein at pH 5 and 9, depending on pressure and homogenisation cycles. The highest viscosity (~10 Pa.s) was achieved at 200 MPa with 10 passes. HPH increased the loss modulus where the viscoelastic properties were improved for both pH 5 and 9 at 200 MPa. The storage modulus profile indicated that HPH improved the gelling properties of lupin protein both at pH 5 and 9 at 200 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The functional characteristics of a watermelon seed protein isolate (UA‐WSPI), which resulted from an underutilised protein source by ultrasound‐assisted extraction and freeze‐drying, and a commercial spray‐dried soy protein isolate were compared. Both were enzymatically treated with pepsin plus trypsin (PT) or additionally with PT plus Alcalase (PAT) for functionalisation by obtaining different partial hydrolysates. Composition, DPPH scavenging activity, digestibility and technological functionality (such as dispersibility, water‐/oil‐holding capacity, and zeta potential) were analysed for each protein isolate and the hydrolysates. UA‐WSPI had advantages such as higher protein solubility. Enzymatic digestion of UA‐WSPI resulted in the highest peptide yields and degrees of hydrolysis. Hydrolysis by the PT treatment even increased the antioxidant activity and emulsifying properties of the hydrolysate compared to UA‐WSPI, whereas the soy protein isolates yielded hydrolysates of lowered antioxidant activity. Watermelon seeds proved to yield protein isolates as new functional food components, especially when applying appropriate enzyme combinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustained functionality of rural water systems is a global challenge. Research on factors contributing to rural water system functionality is largely restricted to hand pumps from single geographies. We analyzed monitoring data from 10 drinking water supply programs in nine sub‐Saharan African and South Asian countries collected between 2017 and 2020. Data included 1,805 randomly selected water points (tap stands, spring protections, rainwater collection, and boreholes and hand‐dug wells with hand pumps) from two cross‐sectional samples: older construction (1–12 years old) and new construction (<1 year). Data collection included observations of water point functionality ("water available") and management committee questionnaires. Overall, 79% of older construction and 92% of new construction water points were functional. In a mixed effects logistic regression to identify factors contributing to functionality within the older construction sample, piped water tap stands had lower odds of functioning than boreholes with hand pumps (OR = 0.26, 95% CI:0.15–0.46). Water points in communities with fewer available water points, those with operational water management committees (which meet often, collect fees, and can name someone for maintenance), and those with financial savings were associated with higher functionality. As piped water system provision increases in line with international development goals, our results suggest that the benefits of providing higher levels of water service should be carefully considered alongside the technological, institutional, and financial investment required to operate and maintain more complex piped water systems in rural settings. Key Points: We analyzed monitoring data from 1,258 donor‐funded rural water points an average of 3.5 years old, and found 79% were functionalPiped water tap stands were least likely to be functional and boreholes with hand pumps were most likelyAs rural piped system prevalence increases, the requirements to maintain more complex infrastructure should be considered alongside benefits [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Wheat bran is rich in dietary fiber (DF), particularly insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). Although the benefits for human health following the consumption of these DFs have been documented, the lower water retention capacity (WRC) and other properties still limit the applications of DF. Therefore, the current research investigated the impact of acetylation on the changes in the corresponding physicochemical and functional properties of DF. RESULTS: The current results indicated the acetylated group restricted the alignment of the molecular chains, which led to an increased amorphous phase in the fiber structure, followed by an enhanced thermal sensitivity and a reduced crystallinity as evidenced by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Moreover, the acetylation of the IDFs enhanced the cholesterol absorption capacity, but the corresponding antioxidant capacity and cation exchange capacity were reduced, which might be due to the partial loss of the phenolic compounds onto the polysaccharides during the modification. Interestingly, a lower degree of substitution (DS) of the IDF achieved from water‐acetic anhydride modification led to a higher WRC and water swelling capacity (WSC). In contrast, a higher DS from acetic anhydride modification demonstrated a greatly improved in vitro hypoglycemic performance of the IDF, including α‐amylase inhibitory activity and glucose dialysis retardation index (GDRI), compared to the other samples. CONCLUSION: This study highlights a new approach to modify the functionality of IDFs via acetylation and the design of a novel IDF with hypoglycemic activity. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing emphasis on dietary health has facilitated the development of plant-based foods. Plant proteins have excellent functional attributes and healthenhancing effects and are also environmentally conscientious and animalfriendly protein sources on a global scale. The addition of plant proteins (including soy protein, pea protein, zein, nut protein, and gluten protein) to diverse cheese varieties and cheese analogs holds the promise of manufacturing symbiotic products that not only have reduced fat content but also exhibit improved protein diversity and overall quality. In this review, we summarized the utilization and importance of various plant proteins in the production of hybrid cheeses and cheese analogs. Meanwhile, classification and processing methods related to these cheese products were reviewed. Furthermore, the impact of different plant proteins on the microstructure, textural properties, physicochemical attributes, rheological behavior, functional aspects, microbiological aspects, and sensory characteristics of both hybrid cheeses and cheese analogswere discussed and compared. Our study explores the potential for the development of cheeses made from full/semi-plant protein ingredients with greater sustainability and health benefits. Additionally, it further emphasizes the substantial chances for scholars and developers to investigate the optimal processing methods and applications of plant proteins in cheeses, thereby improving the market penetration of plant protein hybrid cheeses and cheese analogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant proteins are expected to become a major protein source to replace currently used animal-derived proteins in the coming years. However, there are always challenges when using these proteins due to their low water solubility induced by the high molecular weight storage proteins. One approach to address this challenge is to modify proteins through Maillard glycation, which involves the reaction between proteins and carbohydrates. In this review, we discuss various chemical methods currently available for determining the indicators of the Maillard reaction in the early stage, including the graft degree of glycation and the available lysine or sugar, which are involved in the very beginning of the reaction. We also provide a detailed description of the most popular methods for determining graft sites and assessing different plant protein structures and functionalities upon non-enzymatic glycation. This review offers valuable insights for researchers and food scientists in order to develop plant-based protein ingredients with improved functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to detect the functional and emotional impact of COVID‐19 lockdown on institutionalized older adults with sarcopenia during a 15‐month follow‐up. A prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted in a nursing home. Participants were screened for sarcopenia, and those with a score of ≥4 points according to SARC‐F questionnaire were included. Assessments were performed pre‐lockdown (T1), 12 months (T2) after, and at a 15‐month follow‐up (T3). Functional measurements included chair stand test, handgrip, biceps brachii and quadriceps femoris strengths, appendicular skeletal mass, gait speed, Short Physical Performance Battery, and Timed Up‐and‐Go test. Emotional assessments included Short‐Form Health Survey, Geriatric Depression Scale—Short Form, and the Mini‐Mental State Examination. The analyzed sample showed a reduction in bicep strength, and other upper and lower limb strength variables showed a decreasing trend with no changes regarding muscle mass. Physical performance showed a change, specifically a deterioration in the subtest related to balance. Cognitive and emotional components were affected and quality of life was decreased. It is of paramount importance to focus on sarcopenic older adults since their characteristics can deteriorate when isolation measures are conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic skins (E‐skins), which are intelligent extensions of the human skin, are in great demand because of the rapid development of information technology and intelligence in human civilization. Essentially, E‐skin systems are composed of functional and interface components. The function portion carries out various functions like sensing, power production, and therapy. In addition to ensuring consistent wear and comfort, the interface of the E‐skin system is necessary for the transfer of energy or mass between the skin and the functional components of the E‐skin system. The interface serves as the foundation, conduit, and link between the skin and functional components of E‐skin systems. The wearability and functionality of the E‐skin system are significantly impacted by the interfacial adhesion and the intermediate effect. It is crucial to build the interface in accordance with the functions of the E‐skin system. However, there are few reviews on the impact of the interface on the functionality and wearability of E‐skins. Here, the design of the E‐skin interface is thoroughly reviewed, taking into account how skin adhesion mechanisms affect wearability and function. At last, the future development direction and perspective of next‐generation E‐skin systems are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit beverages blends have been consumed for the balance between nutrients and flavor. The coconut water to replace water is a more natural solution and an option for blending in the fruit beverages. The present study aimed to develop fruit beverages using coconut water as a base, guava, watermelon, and was added apple juice as natural sweetener. Experimental design was used for the development of beverages, considering a factorial design 22, followed by the physicochemical and sensory analysis. The guava fruit was highlighted on antioxidant capacity results compared with the watermelon fruit, in the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (86.0 ± 2.5 and 11.7 ± 4.5% of reduction, respectively) and in the 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (31.7 ± 0.0 μmol trolox/g 12.8 ± 1.6 μmol trolox/g, respectively). The physicochemical results of the blends revealed that the beverages with guava (0.5 ± 0.0%) are more acidic than those with watermelon (0.2 ± 0.0%), indicating the impact of the intrinsic characteristics of each fruit in the final composition. According to the results of the sensory analysis and response surface methodology, verified the potential optimized formulas contain in their composition 40 g of fruit, 30 g of coconut water, and 30 g of apple juice per 100 mL of beverage, this composition affected the sensory acceptance of the beverages. Our findings indicated the fruit beverages with coconut water have functional attributes, sensory acceptance and can be used as one more option for beverages category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To demonstrate the effect of manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) on upper extremity functionality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Materials and methods: Thirty‐nine female patients diagnosed with RA who were in remission were included in the study. The study group included 19 participants (mean age 50.63 ± 9.83 years), the control group included 20 participants (mean age 55.05 ± 5.89 years). The patients were randomized into two groups as home exercise program plus MLD and home exercise program alone. Both groups received treatment for 4 weeks. The primary outcome measure was pressure pain threshold (PPT). The patients were evaluated using the PPT, visual analog scale (VAS), hand–wrist joint range of motion examination, hand dynamometer and pinchmeter measurements, and the Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life Scale before the interventention and at the end of the 4th week. Results: The PPT evaluated at the thumbnail, wrist, and trapezius significantly increased in the study group after treatment (p <.001, p =.001, and p <.001, respectively). MLD was found to significantly increase the PPT at the thumbnail compared with home exercise program (p =.047). The VAS score significantly decreased in the study group (p =.011). The level of increase in radial deviation was statistically higher in the study group (p =.004). Conclusion: Manual lymphatic drainage had a positive effect on pain, PPT, and range of motion in RA patients in remission. MLD can be added to medical and other conservative treatments in RA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D laser nanoprinting represents a revolutionary manufacturing approach as it allows maskless fabrication of 3D nanostructures at a resolution beyond the optical diffraction limit. Specifically, it endows the printed structures novel physical, chemical, or mechanical properties not observed at macroscopic scale. However, 3D laser nanoprinting typically relies on the photopolymerization process, indicating its limitation on the printable materials and functionalities. The capability to print diverse functional materials beyond polymer will enable a lot of new device applications in nanophotonics, microelectronics, and so on. One of the strategies is to use the 3D‐printed polymer structures as skeletons for functional material deposition, while another is to mix the functional components with the photocurable molecules and print the nanocomposites. More recently, several laser nanoprinting techniques beyond photopolymerization are also developed. In this review, the cutting‐edge technical innovation is summarized and a couple of examples are highlighted showing exciting applications of the printed structures in magnetic microrobots, photonics, and optoelectronics. Finally, the vision for existing challenges and future development in this field is shared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Soil sulfur deficiency leads to reduced crop yield and quality loss, which is especially critical for pulses as sulfur is a major component of methionine and cysteine. The present research evaluated the influence of sulfur fertilization on two varieties of navy beans grown at soil sulfur levels of 17, 26, 35, and 44 kg/ha by analyzing their composition, functionality, and protein quality. Results: Increasing the soil application of sulfur did not affect the protein content of the test navy bean flours. Methionine, cysteine, and tryptophan were limiting, and their concentrations were not enhanced by sulfur fertilization nor was protein digestibility. The oil holding capacity and emulsion stability were different among sulfur treatments; however, no clear trend was observed. Conclusion: Sulfur fertilization had only a minimal effect on the quality attributes of navy beans, possibly due to a combined effect of environmental factors that limited the plant's response to sulfur supply. Despite the limited change, the findings underlined the possible role of the environment (e.g., location, crop year, and other variables) in determining the sulfur fertilization response of navy beans and provided valuable insight for researchers to further investigate the topic and optimize navy bean production and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Korea's golf population surpassed 5 million (5.15 million) as of 2020 according to data analyzed by Shinhan Financial Investment in 2021. Due to the continuous increase in the golf population, it is necessary to study the use of specific sunscreens. Men and women are using sunscreen selective attributes based on the actual use and perception of sunscreens for life. A questionnaire survey was conducted for an analysis of the effect of product satisfaction. Methods: Statistical processing of materials collected by the data analysis method is analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science WIN 25.0 statistical package program through the process of data coding and data cleaning. Results: This exercise was done under 3–4 h of strong ultraviolet (UV) rays, so products that have ensured the durability of UV protection are needed. Among the demographic characteristics of the golf population, gender, age, academic background, occupation, marriage status, and monthly income were investigated, and it was confirmed that the information path of a particular product was affected by the choice of purchase, increasing satisfaction and repurchase. Conclusion: An analysis of the paper's survey showed that men's awareness and interest in sunscreens increased. It is expected that differentiated strategies will be needed for products that match the actual conditions and aptitudes of the effective golf population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The present study aimed at investigating the relationships between autistic features and cognitive deficits, functionality and quality of life in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients. Methods: Sixty FEP patients [mean age (SD) = 32.53 (10.74), n = 23 female, n = 37 male] were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Data was collected using a sociodemographic and clinical data form, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the PANSS Autism Severity Score (PAUSS), the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Short Form in Turkish Version (WHOQOL‐BREF TR). Results: Autistic symptom severity was found to be higher in males than females, and higher in patients with a family history of psychotic disorder. An inverse relationship was found between the duration of education and the severity of autistic symptoms. While there was an inverse relationship between autistic symptom severity and executive functions and functionality, no significant correlation was found with quality of life. Negative symptom severity was a predictor of executive functions and functionality. No significant difference was observed between autistic and psychotic domains which were related to executive functions. Conclusions: Our study is the first to examine the relationship between autistic/psychotic symptoms and executive functions and functionality in patients with FEP. The results show that autistic symptoms are associated with worse social and personal functioning and worse executive functions in patients with FEP. Longitudinal follow‐up studies with larger samples are required to determine the direction of the relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of alexithymia and its influence on disease activity, quality of life, and clinical outcomes in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients. Patients and Methods: This cross‐sectional study included 110 (59 men and 51 women) consecutive axSpA patients who agreed to participate at our rheumatology outpatient clinic. Patient demographics, pain, disease activity measures, functionality, quality of life, alexithymia, psychological status, neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia were evaluated. Patients were divided into 2 groups (without vs with alexithymia) and compared. The risk factors for alexithymia were evaluated. Results: The prevalence of alexithymia in axSpA patients was 31.8% according to a Toronto Alexithymia Scale‐20 cutoff of ≥61. The mean age and body mass index of patients were 41.25 ± 9.64 years and 27.73 ± 4.51 kg/m2, respectively. Most patients with alexithymia were women. Patients with alexithymia had significantly high scores for depression, anxiety, fibromyalgia, disease activity, enthesitis, worse quality of life, and poor functionality (all P < 0.05). Female gender (odds ratio [OR] = 22.359), patient global assessment (OR = 7.873), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (OR = 1.864), and fibromyalgia symptom severity (OR = 1.303) were found to be independent risk factors for alexithymia. Conclusion: The present study results showed that about one‐third of axSpA patients had alexithymia, and the patients with alexithymia had higher disease activity, worse quality of life, and worse functional status than those without alexithymia. Female gender, patient global assessment, functional status, and fibromyalgia symptom severity were found to be important contributing factors to alexithymia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the effect of solid‐state fermentation (SSF) of cold‐pressed (CP) and hexane‐extracted (HE) canola meals with Aspergillus niger NRRL 334 and Aspergillus oryzae NRRL 5590 on the functionalities of protein products extracted from them. After SSF, proteins were recovered using alkaline extraction‐isoelectric precipitation (AE‐IP) or salt extraction‐dialysis (SE). SSF of the two meal types reduced the protein content of the extracts produced by AE‐IP. There were varied effects to solubility, foaming, and emulsifying properties as a result of SSF under the combined influence of functionality pH, strain, meal type, and protein extraction method. The protein isolate produced from CP meal using SE had increased solubility at pH 7 (from 51.8% to 90.7%) when the meal was fermented with A. oryzae. Both strains resulted in an over twofold increase in the emulsifying activity index (at pH 7) of AE‐IP products from CP meal. For both protein extraction methods, the protein products from A. niger fermented HE meal had better foaming capacity (FC) at pH 7 than the controls (non‐fermented), but reduced FC at pH 3. Overall, regardless of meal fermentation, the SE products were richer in protein and had higher oil holding capacity (OHC), whereas the water holding capacity (WHC) was higher for AE‐IP isolates. SSF of the meals generally improved the O/WHC of the extracted proteins. The findings suggest that canola protein functionality could be effectively modulated by SSF with different microbial strains under various processing conditions to enhance their applicability in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the phyllosphere microbiota of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) harvested at heading (H) [> 50% earing rate or 216 g kg−1 fresh weight (FW)] and blooming (B) (> 50% bloom or 254 g kg−1 FW) stages and in‐silo fermentation products, and the composition, abundance, diversity and activity of bacterial community. In total, 72 (4 treatments × 6 ensiling durations × 3 replicates) laboratory scale (400 g) silages of Italian ryegrass were prepared: (i) irradiated heading stage silages (IRH) (n = 36) were inoculated with phyllosphere microbiota inoculum (2 mL) eluted from fresh Italian ryegrass at either heading (IH) (n = 18) or blooming (IB) (n = 18) stages; (ii) irradiated blooming stage silages (IRB) (n = 36) were inoculated with either IH (n = 18) or IB (n = 18). Triplicate silos of each treatment were analyzed after 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of ensiling. RESULTS: In fresh forage, Enterobacter, Exiguobacterium and Pantoea were the three major genera at heading stage, and Rhizobium, Weissella and Lactococcus were the most abundant genera at blooming stage. Higher metabolic activity was found in IB. After 3 days of ensiling, the large amounts of lactic acid in IRH‐IB and IRB‐IB can be attributed to the higher abundances of Pediococcus and Lactobacillus, 1‐phosphofructokinase, fructokinase, l‐lactate dehydrogenase and glycolysis I, II and III. CONCLUSION: The composition, abundance, diversity and functionality of the phyllosphere microbiota of Italian ryegrass at different growth stages could remarkably affect silage fermentation characteristics. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this advanced review, the development of the three most commonly used functions of autobiographical memory—directing behavior, social bonding, and self‐continuity—and the support they have received in the literature are discussed. Support for this tripartite model often comes from correlational studies that use self‐report measures, but participants in these studies may not be aware that they retrieved autobiographical memories to fulfill certain goals. Not only is more experimental research needed to confirm the findings from correlational studies, this kind of research needs to be more rigorous. Moreover, the functions of the tripartite model may not be the only autobiographical memory functions that can be distinguished. For example, there is already substantial support for the emotion‐regulation function. Although memories can be used for multiple functions, patterns between aspects of the event (e.g., emotional valence) or memory (e.g., specificity) and their functionality have been found. In addition, individual differences (e.g., cultural background, depression symptoms) and situational factors (e.g., is there a goal that needs to be fulfilled) may regulate the functional deployment of autobiographical memories. Future research should therefore extend its focus on the conditions in which these functions can be observed. This article is categorized under:Psychology > Memory [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Supplementation of foods with insect flours has been shown to be promising for improving the nutritional profile of food products. The objective of this study was to characterize two commercially available cricket protein powders and investigate their impact on molecular weight distribution when incorporated into wheat dough. Findings: Characterization of commercial cricket protein powders, GrioPro® (G) and Entomo Farms (E) was carried out by size exclusion high‐performance liquid chromatography (SEC‐HPLC), and sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). The functionality of the cricket protein powders was examined by measuring water holding capacity (WHC) and protein solubility across a range of pH. To see the interactions between the cricket proteins in a food‐based system wheat dough samples containing 10% or 20% replacement levels of the cricket powders were collected at peak torque development and analyzed to SEC‐HPLC to quantify the change in soluble polymeric proteins (SPP) and insoluble polymeric proteins (IPP) and provide information on changes to protein molecular weight distribution. SDS‐PAGE analysis showed bands ranging from 40 kDa to 160 kDa for sample E while sample G had no visible bands either due to poor solubility in SDS‐PAGE sample buffer and/or the presence of very high molecular proteins that did not enter the gel. Sample E absorbed approximately 2.5 times its weight in water, which was significantly lower than G (~3.0 times its weight) while sample G was significantly lower in solubility than E across all pH levels. Conclusions: Both cricket protein powders increased in WHC and solubility as the pH increased. Wheat dough samples containing sample E had lower peak areas of IPP and no significant difference in SPP peak areas compared to the control. On the other hand, doughs containing sample G had a significant increase in IPP peak areas at the 20% replacement level. Significance and Novelty: This study shows how the difference in processing changed the functionality of G and E which impacted their interactions when added to a wheat dough‐based system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The enrichment of foods with insect proteins has gained interest; however, more research is needed to understand how different insect protein functionalities impact food systems. The objective of this study was to understand the effect of cricket protein powder on mixing, pasting, and dough development characteristics of bread dough and on the end‐product characteristics of bread. Findings: Two different cricket protein powders, GrioPro (G) and Entomo Farms €, were tested. MixoLab constant and optimized water absorption protocols were used to study the effect of cricket protein powder replacement on dough development. Dough extensibility was tested using the Kieffer Rig protocol. Breads were baked with 5%, 10%, or 20% replacement levels of cricket protein powder. Loaf volume was measured, and bread slices underwent texture profile analysis (TPA) at 0, 1, 3, and 7 days. In general, the incorporation of powders G and E led to two opposite effects. Use of powder G led to an increased stability and significantly higher C1 torque (20% level) while powder E led to softer doughs with a decreased stability at the 20% replacement level and no significant difference in water absorption. Conclusions: Extensibility and loaf volume significantly decreased as the replacement level increased for all treatments. TPA results showed a significant increase in hardness at higher replacement levels with G being harder than E. It is feasible to enrich bread with cricket protein powders at low incorporation levels. Significance and Novelty: Results show how differing functional properties of cricket protein powders impact their interactions within the gluten network and in turn affect the quality of bread produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing a successful biological interface for a biomaterial requires the application of concepts from multiple fields, including materials science, surface science, nanoscience, physics, and biochemistry. With current biomaterials, such as polymers, ceramics, and natural materials, the original inherent properties of these materials no longer suffice for the needs of advanced and stringent biotechnological and medical applications that require controlled precision of physical and biochemical properties. Thus, the development of surface modifications to provide coatings that alter the interface properties of the original materials is pursued with much success to render desired and sophisticated interfacial properties. With acknowledging the available processing materials and fabrication techniques of the biointerface coatings, perspectives from advanced achievements in both physical and biochemical properties of the coating interfaces, and anisotropic presentations of these properties such as gradient of specific properties, the control of interface properties in confined micro/nanodomains and/or in introduced topographical geometries to mimic relevant biological activities is discussed in depth. The mentioned interface properties and the intended interactions toward biological microenvironments in vitro and in vivo are reviewed. Future prospective biointerface coatings with combinatorial and complementary properties from the discussed disciplines are suggested by the authors' opinions. Last, challenges of current works demonstrating practical and important applications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technical rules for maintenance and the question of scale in the event of "damage/defects" in legacy cases Wiens/Raupach and Helm have studied the technical rules for maintenance of the German Institute for Building Technology (Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik) of 2020 with new contents and constructional framework conditions, including their application [1]. Schießl‐Pecka/Strehlein have described the repair method as specified in the technical rules for maintenance and the relevance of the W (water reduction) repair principle in particular, in combination with hydrophobic treatments, from the planner's perspective [2]. The basis for the scenarios depicted is essentially the application where repairs need to be carried out on an ageing reinforced concrete structure. In addition to this basic case, the situation also arises where there are indications that a reinforced concrete structure that has already been repaired is in need of further repairs, and consequently action is required. A special case is to be added to these legacy cases – which carry the designation "damage" in legacy cases (repair damage) – which is characterised by defects in repairs carried out on a reinforced concrete structure which come to light in an open‐ended warranty period and the customer asserts claims due to material defects (rectification of repair defects in an open‐ended warranty period, repair defects). Legal rules therefore apply in addition to the applicable technical rules. The article concerns itself with the technical and legal questions that arise in this regard, that also touch on the area of application of the technical rules for maintenance and in particular emphasise the significance of the performance description in contract specifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Haemophilic arthropathy is one of the main causes of morbidity in people with haemophilia (PWH), inducing pain and reduced functionality. Therefore, PWH are complex patients and must be approached from a multidisciplinary perspective. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of a therapeutic exercise and cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) combined protocol on functionality, pain, and joint health of PWH, arthropathy and chronic pain. Treatment satisfaction was also evaluated. Methods: A single‐blinded clinical trial with 21 PWH in prophylactic regimen was carried out. Participants were divided into an experimental group (EG, n = 11) and a control group (CG, n = 10). The EG underwent a 4‐month programme of home‐based therapeutic exercise plus CBT, whilst CG performed their daily activities. Patients were evaluated at baseline, post‐intervention and after 12 additional weeks. Measures of functionality (Haemophilia Activities List, Timed Up and Go Test, 2‐Minutes‐Walking‐Test and Sit‐to‐Stand Test), pain (PainDETECT and Visual Analogue Scale) and joint health (Haemophilia Joint Health Score) were taken. Related dimensions of the A36 Haemophilia Quality of Life Questionnaire were calculated. Effects were calculated using a two‐factor ANOVA. Results: The EG showed significant improvements in function (p <.001), pain (p <.001), joint damage (p =.006), and satisfaction with the treatment (p =.006) dimensions of the A36 Haemophilia Quality of Life Questionnaire, as well as in pain measured with the Visual Analogue Scale (p =.008) and PainDETECT (p =.035). Conclusions: The combined physiotherapy and CBT protocol showed a partial improvement in functionality, pain and joint health of PWH, arthropathy and chronic pain. In addition, participants were satisfied with the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Glycosylation is an effective method to modify protein. However, there is a lack of research on the property changes of glycosylated protein during storage. In the present study, the changes in the physicochemical, functional, and structural properties of xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) glycosylated egg white powder (EWP) (XOS-EWP conjugates) prepared with different glycosylation conditions (XOS/EWP ratio and reaction time) were investigated when stored at 25 °C and 60% relative humidity. RESULTS: In the 12 weeks of storage, the degree of grafting, browning, and the formation of Maillard reaction products of XOSEWP conjugates increased. The increase in XOS/EWP ratio and reaction time led to an increase in protein aggregation, though a decrease in solubility, due to increased degree of glycosylation and structural changes. Furthermore, improved gel hardness of XOS-EWP conjugates deteriorated, while improved emulsification ability was kept stable during storage. For the sample with a lower XOS/EWP ratio and reaction time, the gel hardness and emulsifying properties underwent little or no deterioration even improving during storage. The results could be attributed to the limited degree of glycosylation, further unfolding of the protein structure, increased surface hydrophobicity of protein, and improved thermal characteristics. CONCLUSION: During storage, the Maillard reaction would continue to occur in the glycosylated EWP, further affecting the performance of modified EWP. Modified EWP prepared under different glycosylation conditions performed differently during storage. Modified EWP with a larger XOS/EWP ratio and reaction time meant it was harder to maintain good performance. Modified EWP with a smaller XOS/EWP ratio and reaction time changed significantly to better performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buffalo milk protein co‐precipitates (BMPC) were prepared using disodium hydrogen phosphate (DSP) and trisodium citrate (TSC) and were evaluated for their techno‐functional properties. Buffalo milk protein co‐precipitates have superior wettability and wider particle size distribution leading to better flowability against conventional high protein powders. Emulsifying properties of BMPC were better than milk protein concentrates (MPC), whereas foaming properties were similar to buffalo MPC60. Buffalo milk protein co‐precipitates prepared with TSC had significantly higher bulk density, dispersibility, solubility, and lower heat stability than BMPC prepared with DSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A complete functional assessment is essential to measure health status and treatment effects in patients with haemophilia. The Patient‐Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) is a reliable, valid, simple and quick scale that measures physical function in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. However, the reliability and validity of the PSFS have not been evaluated in patients with haemophilia. Aim: The aim of this study was to validate the Patient‐Specific Functional Scale in patients with haemophilia. Methods: Twenty‐eight patients with haemophilia participated in the study. They completed the PSFS and the Haemophilia Activity List (HAL) scales by telephone during an initial session, and then repeated the assessment in a follow‐up session 1 week apart. Reliability was analysed by the internal correlation coefficient (ICC), the standard error of measurement (SEM) and the smallest detectable change (SDC). The concurrent validity of the PSFS was determined by correlating the initial score of the PSFS scale to the initial score of the HAL scale. Correlations were calculated by means of scatter plots and Pearson product‐moment r correlation coefficient. Results: ICC and SEM values showed excellent reliability for the PSFS scale, with a SDC of 1. A significant moderate correlation was found between the results of the PSFS and the HAL (r =.57, P <.001). Conclusion: The PSFS is a reliable and valid scale to measure the functionality of people with haemophilia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The production of faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) is emerging in the Canadian prairies. To investigate their utilization potential as value‐added ingredients, the physicochemical and functional properties of protein isolates prepared from three faba bean cultivars (Fabelle, Malik, and Snowbird) currently grown in Canada were compared with those of yellow pea (CDC Amarillo) and soybean (AAC 26‐15). Findings: Higher than pea (23.1%), the faba bean had protein contents of ~31.4% and a small amount of fat (~1.2%). The protein isolates of faba bean (FPI), pea (PPI), and soy (SPI) were broadly comparable in surface tension, protein solubility, and oil holding capacity; however, surface charge was higher for FPI. The interfacial tension, water holding capacity, foaming, and emulsifying properties were also generally similar between FPI and PPI but different from SPI. Among faba bean cultivars, Snowbird was richer in protein with a higher proportion of legumins and was better at stabilizing emulsions while having a lower emulsifying activity. Conclusions: The functionalities of FPI broadly resembled those of PPI, while being comparable or higher to those of SPI, suggesting the potential of using FPI as an alternative functional ingredient in product formulations. Significance and Novelty: The study on the representative cultivars of Canadian‐grown faba beans updated the knowledge base concerning the functional differences among cultivars and how they compete with major legume proteins in the market, while providing insights on possible applications of faba bean protein ingredients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the negative automatic thoughts of patients with schizophrenia and their levels of social functionality. Design and Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted 142 patients with schizophrenia. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Negative Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (NATQ) and Social Functioning Assessment Scale (SFAS). Findings: There was a strong negative correlation between the mean scores obtained from the overall NATQ and SFAS. In addition, negative automatic thoughts of the patients with schizophrenia had a negative effect of 47.2% on their social functionality. Practice Implications: It was found that the patients had moderate levels negative automatic thoughts and social functionality; and that their negative automatic thoughts affected their social functionality negatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: Concomitant fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) has been known to be more frequent in patients with several rheumatic diseases. In this study, our aim was to investigate the prevalence of FMS in patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), to analyze the possible factors related to this frequency, and to evaluate the impact of FMS on the functionality and quality of life (QoL) of the patients with FMF. Patients and methods: One hundred cases with FMF and 100 controls were included to this case‐control study. FMS coincidence was investigated in all participants according to revised 2016 classification criteria. Demographic features, FMF disease duration, FMF gene mutations, drugs used, attack frequency per year, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reactive protein (CRP) and serum fibrinogen levels were recorded. FMF disease severity was assessed by International Severity Scoring System for Familial Mediterranean Fever (ISSF). For the assessments of QoL and functioning, FMF‐QoL, Short form 36 (SF‐36), and Health Assessment Questionnaire‐Disability Index (HAQ‐DI) were used, and for the assessment of FMS impact, the fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ) were used. Results: We found an FMS frequency of 33% in patients with FMF in our study using the current FMS classification criteria. This result was significantly higher than in age‐ and gender‐similar controls (6% FMS frequency; P < 0.05). The number of woman patients and FMF disease duration were significantly higher in patients with FMF + FMS than in patients with only FMF (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in ISSF scores, ESR, CRP, and fibrinogen levels, management regimens, and FMF gene mutation distributions between FMF + FMS and FMF groups. FMF attack frequency was reported as significantly higher in FMF + FMS patients than in others (P < 0.000). In spite of similar FMF‐QoL scores, there were significant differences in HAQ‐DI and SF‐36 scores between groups (P < 0.05). Higher impact of FMS presented negative correlation with functioning and general health, and positive correlation with QoL in FMF + FMS (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Concomitant FMS was a common clinical problem in patients with FMF regardless of the severity and characteristics of FMF. The FMS impact may affect function and QoL in patients of FMF. Considerations of the FMS component in the management of FMF may contribute to the holistic approach to FMF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Social isolation is a predictor of mortality and morbidity, as well as an outcome of many health-related predictors. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of social isolation among the elderly and to study factors associated with it.Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in Urban Field Practice Area of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Chhattisgarh, India among elderly more than or equal to 60 years of age selected using random sampling. The data was collected in a sample of 400 elderly by face-to-face interview using predesigned, pretested, and semi-structured proforma that included Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (LSNS-6) and analyzed using Stata v16.Results: The prevalence of social isolation was 34.3%; highest among those 65-74 years of age (44.5%) and females (56.9%). Increasing age, elderly with less than three family members, lower socio-economic status, no children and financial dependence among socio-demographic factors; insufficient time with children, lack of emotionally attachment and conflict in the family among family support factors; lack of social participation, poor perception of health and feeling lonely among psychosocial factors; lack of physical exercise, spiritual activity and sound sleep among lifestyle factors; and presence of active complaints, raised blood pressure and being anemic among medical factors were significantly associated with social isolation. Overall, the independent predictors of social isolation in elderly were age ≥75 years, lack of participation in social functions, feeling lonely and lack of sound sleep.Conclusion: The prevalence of social isolation among elderly from an urban slum in India was high and the existing evidence show a rising trend. Social isolation assessment and use of LSNS-6 by healthcare providers should be incorporated into elderly care at primary healthcare delivery points across the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: In spite of biological tissue‐like peculiarity, multifarious functionalities and great application prospect, the low mechanics and soften behavior of hydrogels still retain a problem to be addressed for repetitive weight‐bearing fields of flexible electronics, actuators, substitutions of soft tissues, wound dressing, wearable or implantable devices. Due to the distinct combination of diversity, reversibility and impressive disruption‐reconstruction capacity, the chitosan physical cross‐links can server as recoverable "sacrificial bonds" to construct multifarious energy‐dissipative and anti‐soften hydrogels and further broaden their diversified applications. In this review, we summarized the gelation mechanisms of chitosan physical networks and highlighted the chitosan physical network based hydrogels in rational design, construction principle, and structure and performance regulation. The recent progress in functional hydrogels for flexible electronics and biomaterials was systematically discussed. Overall, the review will provide comprehensive guidelines on the design principle, performance modulation and functionality construction of energy‐dissipative and soften resistant hydrogels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the fourth important oilseed in the world. After oil extraction, defatted peanut is a protein‐rich by‐product containing around 50% of protein that can enable the production of protein isolates (90% protein) and concentrates (70% protein). Peanut protein has an excellent amino acid profile, a desirable volatile profile, a low level of antinutritional factors and a steady supply. Despite these advantages, peanut protein is underutilised because of its poor functional properties caused by the native globular structure and extraction conditions. Nutritional limitations are its deficiency in methionine and lysine and its association with allergic reaction for genetically predisposed subjects. To promote the valorisation of peanut protein in foods, it is very important to ensure a better functionality and a better nutritional value. This review intends to cover the properties of native peanut protein and to discuss innovative strategies including physical, chemical, and biological methods to improve the functionality and to mitigate allergens. These strategies have different degree of success in terms of protein quality and functionality, yield, sustainability and convenience. More investigation is required to select the processing or the combination of processing to boost the application of peanut protein as a valid alternative protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Infant formula is a human milk substitute for consumption during the first months of life. The protein component of such products is generally of dairy origin. Alternative sources of protein, such as those of plant origin, are of interest due to dairy allergies, intolerances, and ethical and environmental considerations. Lentils have high levels of protein (20–30%) with a good amino acid profile and functional properties. In this study, a model lentil protein‐based formula (LF), in powder format, was produced and compared to two commercial plant‐based infant formulae (i.e., soy; SF and rice; RF) in terms of physicochemical properties and digestibility. Results: The macronutrient composition was similar between all the samples; however, RF and SF had larger volume‐weighted mean particle diameters (D[4,3] of 121–134 μm) than LF (31.9 μm), which was confirmed using scanning electron and confocal laser microscopy. The larger particle sizes of the commercial powders were attributed to their agglomeration during the drying process. Regarding functional properties, the LF showed higher D[4,3] values (17.8 μm) after 18 h reconstitution in water, compared with the SF and RF (5.82 and 4.55 μm, respectively), which could be partially attributed to hydrophobic protein–protein interactions. Regarding viscosity at 95 °C and physical stability, LF was more stable than RF. The digestibility analysis showed LF to have similar values (P < 0.05) to the standard SF. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that, from the nutritional and physicochemical perspectives, lentil proteins represent a good alternative to other sources of plant proteins (e.g., soy and rice) in infant nutritional products. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supramolecular gels are important soft materials with various applications, which are fabricated through hydrogen bonding, π–π stacking, electrostatic interactions, or host–guest interactions. Introducing functional groups, especially inorganic components, is an efficient strategy to obtain gels with robust architecture and high performance. Polyoxometalates (POMs), as a class of negatively‐charged clusters, have defined structures and multiple interaction sites, resulting in their potential as building blocks for constructing POM‐containing supramolecular gels. The introduction of POMs into gels not only provides strong driving forces for the formation of gels due to the characteristics of charged cluster and oxygen‐rich surface, but also brings new properties sourcing from the unique electronic structures of POMs. Though many POM‐containing gels have been reported, a comprehensive review is still absent. Herein, the concept of POM‐containing gels is discussed, following with the design strategies and driving forces. To better understand the results in the literature, detailed examples, which are classified into several categories based on the types of organic components, are presented to illustrate the gelation process and gel structures. Moreover, applications of POM‐containing gels in energy chemistry, sustainable chemistry, and other aspects are also reviewed, as well as the future developments of this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monoglyceride (MG)‐based oleogelation is an effective strategy to create soft matter structures with the functionality of fats, but with a nutritional profile similar to edible oils. MG oleogels are mainly studied to replace or reduce trans and saturated fats as well as to develop novel products with improved physical and organoleptic properties. The process consists of direct dispersion of MGs into the oil at temperatures above the melting point. This is followed by a cooling period in which the gelator network is formed, entrapping the oil in a crystalline structure. MG composition and concentration, oil type, process temperatures, stirring speed, shear rate during cooling, and storage time play a role in the kinetics of MG crystallization within an MG–oil system, which leads to the formation of lipid materials with different properties. A deep understanding of MG oleogelation processing parameters allows for the tailoring of oleogel properties to meet desirable characteristics as solid fat replacers. This review provides insight regarding manipulating physical process parameters to engineer structures with specific functionality. Furthermore, ultrasound technologies and optimization methodologies are discussed as tools for the production of oleogels with specific properties based on their potential use as well as the development of bi‐ and multi‐gelators oleogels using MGs. Finally, the food applications in which MG oleogels have been tested are summarized in addition to the identified gaps that require further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant food wastes generated through the food chain have attracted increasing attention over the last few years not only due to critical environmental and economic issues but also as an available source of valuable components such as dietary fibers. However, the exploitation of plant waste remains limited due to the lack of appropriate processing technologies to recover and tailor fiber functionalities. Among the different technologies developed for waste valorization, mechanical techniques were suggested to be a promising and sustainable strategy to extract fibers with improved functionalities. In this context, the present review describes different mechanical technologies (conventional and innovative) with potential applications to produce micro/nanofibers from various plant residues, highlighting the operating principle as well as the main advantages and pitfalls. The impact on the structural, technological, and functional properties of fibrous materials is comprehensively discussed. The extent of fiber modification not only highly depended on the technology and operation conditions used but also on fiber composition and the application of posttreatments such as dehydration. Other variables, including economic and environmental issues such as equipment cost, energy demand, and eco‐friendly features, are also reviewed. The outputs of this review can be used by both the industrial sector and academia to select a suitable combination of fiber and processing technology for designing novel foods with improved functionalities that fulfill market trends and consumer needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]