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Background: While previously considered a transient condition, with no lasting adverse impact, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is now a well‐established risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The risk of developing T2DM appears to be particularly high in the first few years after childbirth, providing a compelling case for early intervention. This review provides an up‐to‐date systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the effectiveness of interventions to reduce incidence of T2DM in women with a recent history of GDM. Methods: The search was conducted on October 20, 2023 with an annual surveillance planned for the next 5 years to maintain a living systematic review. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials of any type in women within 5 years of GDM‐complicated pregnancy that reported outcomes of T2DM diagnosis or measures of dysglycemia with a follow‐up of at least 12 months. Results: Seventeen studies met our inclusion criteria and have been included in this review. There were 3 pharmacological and 14 lifestyle interventions. Intervention was not associated with significant reduction in the primary outcome of T2DM (risk ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43–1.41; p = 0.41; I2 = 79%) compared with the control group (placebo or usual care). However, meta‐analysis of the four studies reporting hazard ratios suggested a reduction in diabetes incidence (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI: 0.48–0.97; p = 0.03; I2 = 31%). Conclusion: This review provides equivocal evidence about the efficacy of interventions to reduce the risk of T2DM in women within 5 years of GDM‐complicated pregnancy and highlights the need for further studies, including pharmacotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPAH) and Chris O'Brien Lifehouse (COBLH) established a formal Sarcoma of the Pelvic and Abdominal Retroperitoneum Collaboration (SPARC) in November 2020. An established multidisciplinary team (MDT) with the aims to centralise patient referrals and treatment, establish database and research, coordinate surgical resections is critical in improving patient outcomes and quality of life. Methods: A prospective database was established in October 2021. Clinical, pathological and radiological data points were recorded for all patients since the inception of SPARC. Quality of Life questionnaires were included and follow‐up planned regularly for 5 years. Results: From November 2020 to Feb 2024, 294 new referrals were discussed at the MDT meeting. Majority were from the metropolitan area (182) followed by regional NSW (87), interstate (20) and five internationals. 141 operations were performed during this period compared to 119 operations from 2010 to November 2020 in RPAH. The inception of the SPARC program has resulted in exponential growth in operations, improving from the previous rate of 15 cases annually to 35. Liposarcomas followed by leiomyosarcomas are the most common types of sarcomas resected. The majority were extended resections (81.6%) and 22% were pelvic exenterations. Overall R0 rate is 54.6%, R1 38.3% and R2 1.4% (131 (92.9%) had R0/R1 resections. Overall complication rate is 35.5% with one in‐hospital mortality. Conclusion: Success and expansion of a robust retroperitoneal sarcoma program requires a collaborative surgical approach, an MDT meeting, centralized referral process, and a research team in specialized tertiary institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: National cancer control plans (NCCPs) are complex public health programs that incorporate evidence‐based cancer control strategies to improve health outcomes for all individuals in a country. Given the scope of NCCPs, small and vulnerable populations, such as patients with childhood cancer, are often missed. To support planning efforts, a rapid, modifiable tool was developed that estimates a context‐specific national budget to fund pediatric cancer programs, provides 5‐year scale‐up scenarios, and calculates annual cost‐effectiveness. Methods: The tool was codeveloped by teams of policymakers, clinicians, and public health advocates in Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Uganda. The 11 costing categories included real‐world data, modeled data, and data from the literature. A base‐case and three 5‐year scale‐up scenarios were created using modifiable inputs. The cost‐effectiveness of the disability‐adjusted life years averted was calculated. Results were compared with each country's projected gross domestic product per capita for 2022 through 2026. Results: The number of patients/total budget for year 1 was 250/$1,109,366 for Zimbabwe, 280/$1,207,555 for Zambia, and 1000/$2,277,397 for Uganda. In year 5, these values were assumed to increase to 398/$5,545,445, 446/$4,926,150, and 1594/$9,059,331, respectively. Base‐case cost per disability‐adjusted life year averted/ratio to gross domestic product per capita for year 1, assuming 20% survival, was: $807/0.5 for Zimbabwe, $785/0.7 for Zambia, and $420/0.5 for Uganda. Conclusions: This costing tool provided a framework to forecast a budget for childhood‐specific cancer services. By leveraging minimal primary data collection with existing secondary data, local teams obtained rapid results, ensuring that childhood cancer budgeting is not neglected once in every 5 to 6 years of planning processes. The Childhood Cancers Budgeting Rapidly to Incorporate Disadvantaged Groups for Equity (CC‐BRIDGE) tool fills a current gap by providing a feasible, simplified toolkit for policymakers and childhood cancer stakeholders to calculate the costs required to develop a multiyear childhood cancer–specific budget, within existing National Cancer Control Plan (NCCP) activities. As governments continue to plan NCCPs, the CC‐BRIDGE tool can ensure that budgeting for vulnerable populations, such as childhood cancer patients, is not neglected once in every 5 to 6 years of planning processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a mixed‐integer non‐linear programming (MINLP) model for the multi‐period active low voltage (LV) distribution network expansion planning problem, which can be solved by off‐the‐shelf optimization solvers. In addition, the wide‐spread penetration of solar resources, optimal loading of transformers, and modeling of the multiple solar generation patterns are considered in the model. The solar resources are of roof‐top household‐scale photovoltaic panel type, developed using a host‐owned business model and are able to exchange energy with the distribution company (DISCO). This model enables the DISCO, as the owner of the network, to minimize the investment and operation costs while being able to determine the optimal location and capacity of the distribution transformers, the service zone of distribution transformers, the optimal route of the distribution lines, and the total and annual planning costs. In order to check the efficiency of the proposed model, a 0.4 kV distribution test network is considered to plan the LV network of a residential district over a planning horizon of 5 years. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed model in dynamic expansion planning of the active LV distribution network. Also, results illustrates that the penetration of solar sources can be a great tool to improve the technical, economic, and environmental criteria for planning studies. Specifically while reducing the billing costs of customers, it favors the government to reduce the pollution costs, and it enables the DISCO to reduce the loss costs and maintain the voltage in the standard boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

California's landmark 2014 Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) requires local officials to form new Groundwater Sustainability Agencies (GSAs) and to write new groundwater sustainability plans capable of eliminating overdraft within 20 years. To assess progress achieved during SGMA's first five years of implementation, we surveyed officials who manage or participate in GSA governance. The most common obstacles to GSA formation have involved horizontal and network governance issues such as too many diverse interests or lack of trust among stakeholders. The most common obstacles to groundwater planning include a lack of financial resources and the requirement to coordinate plans among GSAs in the same basin. Respondents usually report that their own GSA performs well on seven measures of good governance, such as representing all major stakeholders, granting members sufficient power, and generating trusted data for decision making. On the other hand, many GSA managers acknowledge that some types of stakeholders remain underrepresented in the governing structure despite SGMA's mandate to "consider the interests of all beneficial uses and users of groundwater." Overall, most respondents are optimistic that SGMA will enhance groundwater sustainability locally and statewide. If successfully implemented and fully funded, SGMA could become a model worldwide for sustainable resource governance that combines top‐down mandates and local incentives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the second-largest and a fast-growing economy, China has played important roles in promoting globalization and impacting the environment. They explore the effect of China's Central Inspection of Environmental Protection (CIEP), a campaign-style governance approach, on China's legislation process related to the conservation of nature. The second paper by Chen et al. (2021) empirically examines how European Union-China (EU-China) trade affects intra-EU trade. [Extracted from the article]

Energy consumption and CO2 emissions have been increasing continuously over the past few decades in China and there is a pressing need to replace the fossil fuel‐based economy with an efficient low‐carbon system, tailor‐made to future requirements. China is starting an energy transition with the aim of building an energy system for the future. China has made tremendous progress in increasing the amount of renewable energy and reducing the cost of renewable energy over the last 20 years. According to the 14th 5 year plan, China aims to incorporate 20% of renewable energy to the primary energy mix and attain 27% reduction in CO2 emissions. Bioenergy crops constitute a significant proportion of biomass‐based bioenergy and have recently been promoted by the Chinese Government to help overcome food and fuel conflict. Steps are being taken to promote bioenergy crops on marginal lands in China, and various regions across the country with soil marginality have been evaluated for bioenergy crop cultivation. The present paper reviews the status of bioenergy in China and the potential status of marginal lands from different regions of China. It also elaborates on some of the policies, subsidies and incentives allocated by the Chinese Government for the promotion of biomass‐based energy. Land management and plant improvement strategies were discussed, which are effective in making marginal lands suitable for bioenergy crop cultivation. Managing planting strategies, intercropping and crop rotation are effective management practices used in China for the utilization of marginal lands. A national investigation is desirable for creating an inventory of technical and economic potential of biomass feedstocks that could be planted on marginal lands. This would assist with highlighting the pros and cons of using marginal lands for bioenergy production and effective policy making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study first contextualizes and then examines the innovation initiatives currently being undertaken by the states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Methods: The data presented are a qualitative analysis based on government planning documents from GCC members, which is followed by an assessment of innovation in the GCC using a composite index (Global Innovation Index) and an individual indicator. Results: The pathways toward innovation in the GCC are traced at local policy‐making levels, but giving meaning to the quantification of these efforts and their results is confounded by the fact that innovation can be an inexact concept with imprecise measurements. Conclusion: This overview of innovation in the GCC shows how it is being conceptualized and executed as statecraft; however, innovation might be better gauged for the GCC if indigenous socioeconomic conditions—like the welfare models and disproportionate public and service sectors—can be taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coordinated development of urban energy–economy–environment (3E) systems is an inherent requirement for high‐quality and sustainable development of cities. Circulation degree and sustainable development degree (SDD) are combined to the previous 3E system evaluation system to construct the integrated sustainable development evaluation model. This model realizes the accurate evaluation of different dimensions of 3E system. Jinan, the capital city of Shandong Province in eastern China, is selected for empirical analysis. Findings show that development degree, circulation degree, and SDD of the 3E system in Jinan are increasing basically, and temporal trend of development degree and SDD of 3E system is synchronized. This shows that 3E system in Jinan has been improved gradually during this period, and the development of 3E system is a key factor affecting its sustainability. In 2015–2017, circulation degree and SDD were superimposed and developed in parallel, indicating that Jinan has entered the primary stage of high‐quality development. The obstacle degree model is introduced to explore the main factors that impede the sustainable development of 3E system in Jinan. This study revealed that the energy consumption structure, the proportion of new energy utilization, the development of tertiary industry, and water resources protection are the key issues that should be addressed in the sustainable development of 3E system in Jinan. The top‐level design concerning these issues should be highlighted in the forthcoming 14th five‐year plan period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author comments on the implementation of 13th five-year plan in China due to the influence of Chinese Premier Li Keqiang by reading "The Third Industrial Revolution" of Jeremy Rifkin. Topics discussed include expansion of domestic consumption; advancing industrialization by the application of Internet technologies, urbanization and agricultural modernization; sustainable development, and views of Vice Premier Zhang Gaoli, on the use of Internet of Things technology.

Food safety is a major livelihood issue and a priority concern in China. Since the Food Safety Law of the People's Republic of China was issued in 2009, the food safety control system has been strengthened through, inter alia, the Food Safety Risk Surveillance System, the Food Safety Risk Assessment System and the Food Safety Standards System. In accordance with the Food Safety Law and regulations for implementation, the Ministry of Health released the 'Twelfth Five-year Plan' of Food Safety Standards. The existing 5000 food-related standards will be integrated. Notwithstanding, the supervision system in China needs to be further improved and strengthened. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cottage economy and the collective farm are two alternative models of socialist agriculture that relate broadly to the traditions of Romantic and utilitarian socialism and embody diametrically opposed attitudes to food and its production. In the decades following the Russian Revolution of 1917 - at a time when collectivised agriculture was being implemented on a previously unimaginable scale, with disastrous consequences - the case for such a model was made enthusiastically by British Stalinists such as George Bernard Shaw, Jean Beauchamp, Margaret Cole, and Sidney and Beatrice Webb. This fed into a wider shift in British society where responsibility for securing the food supply was increasingly seen as a function of the state rather than the market. During the inter-war decades the centre of gravity for British socialists' thinking about food production shifted from the cottage economy to the collective farm. Yet there were those - like Chesterton, Belloc, Orwell and Muggeridge, as well as the emerging thinkers of the organic movement like Louise Howard and G. T. Wrench - who in various ways held on to the cottage economy ideal and the peasant smallholder as a bulwark against the vast, industrialised mega-farms of the Soviet Empire. They were often seen not as socialists but as cranks. This paper explores the debates around this issue and considers their continuing relevance to our own thinking about the ways food is produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the vicissitudes wrought by harsh weather patterns and natural disasters have resulted in hurricanes and earthquakes and had a catastrophic impact on people's lives. The Ganges River Corridor in northern India is a region that perennially undergoes extreme changes in weather and climate with the onslaught of the monsoon season. Anthony Acciavatti, in his Dynamic Atlas series of drawings, has measured the effects of rainfall and agrarian processes in relation to the fast-paced modes of urbanisation in the area. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reprint of the article "Is Stalin Weakening or the Soviets?" by Leon Trotsky, which appeared in the July 1932 issue, is presented. Topics include the opposition to purported Trotskyism in the Soviet Union by political leader Joseph Stalin, the control of Stalin over the Soviet Politbureau, and disagreements regarding Soviet economic policy regarding industrialization and collectivization in the context of a five year plan.

The Congress Party of India is noted for the strong ideological position of its pre and post-independence leadership and for its adoption of the goal of building a "socialist pattern of society." Many of the spokesmen for the party have maintained that this goal best fits the philosophical foundations of Hinduism. This article considers some of the ideological background of planning, some of the alleged peculiarities of Hinduism, and some of the implications of development policies in the second and third five-year plans. In order to maximize growth in India, development plans would have to be devoted to the encouragement of the growth of the maximum number of entrepreneurs, to the building of a viable market system, to providing adequate relative price incentives for farmers and to teaching them to react to them, to encouraging private capital formation wherever feasible, and to confining government investment largely to those infrastructure items which facilitate development and growth. Such an approach to planning would be pragmatic rather than doctrinaire, practical rather than ideological, and would utilize the latent entrepreneurial energy in developing a growing, mixed, dynamic system. There are those who claim to see such a pattern still as an emerging possibility in India, but to assess its reality is impossible at this time.

SUMMARY Using data from Egypt's first five year plan the consequences of five different economic policies are explored. The model used is stochastic programming, the output/labor and output/capital ratios are considered as independently distributed normal random variables. The optimal allocation policy appears to be very close to the actual policy advocated for the plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Manchester, New Hampshire; Partnerships; Water Industry; Public Health EN Manchester, New Hampshire Partnerships Water Industry Public Health 36 36 1 01/21/21 20210101 NES 210101 GLO:845G/01jan21:opfl1493-gra-0001.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): . gl I The City of Perry, Ga., recently replaced its 77-year-old water treatment plant with the new 2-mgd Tucker Road Water Treatment Facility i . Located about 100 miles south of Atlanta, Perry is supplied by two water treatment plants and five wells. "The Tucker Road Water Treatment Facility is a long-term planning project that will provide multigenerational water security for the Perry community and ensure we continue providing superior service to our rapidly growing city", said Perry Mayor Randall Walker. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on pronatalist policies in the Soviet Union. In accordance with the instructions of the 25 fifth Party Congress, the Central Committee of the Communist Party gave serious attention to the development and realization of an effective demographic policy and the problems of population, which have become more acute of late. The chief path to the solution is the intensification of concern for the family, newly weds, and above all, women. A number of measures were adopted in the 10th Five Year Plan to improve the conditions of work for working women, family holidays, and consumer and cultural services. The Party Central Committee and the government have worked out and consider it expedient to implement in the 11th Five Year Plan and subsequent years a new system of measures aimed at improving the life of mothers and of the growing generation. The system of state benefits for children should be perfected, the feeding of children and services for them in preschool institutions, boarding schools, boarding institutions attached to schools, and children's homes should be improved. The provision of free textbooks to pupils of general education schools should be completed.

The article reports on the Zimbabwe Agenda for Socio- Economic Transformation, a five-year economic plan of Zimbabwe. It notes that the economic plan, which aims to spur economic growth, highlights the unwillingness of the internal community to do business with the regime of President Robert Mugabe. It mentions that key success factors were identified in the economic policy but economic analysts and observers have expressed concerns on the interest of the ZANU-PF in pushing the initiative.

The article reports on Algeria's Five-Year Plan (FYP). It mentions that the said 286 billion dollar plan will complete construction projects, enhance national development and diversify the economy away from oil dependency. It also notes that companies in the country will be contracted to execute new projects including infrastructure for public works, transportation and education.