Search

Background: Numerous studies have focused on skin damage, the most prevalent physical injury, aiming to improve wound healing. The exploration of biomaterials, specifically eggshell membranes (ESMs), is undertaken to accelerate the recovery of skin injuries. The membrane must be separated from the shell to make this biomaterial usable. Hence, this investigation aimed to identify more about the methods for membrane isolation and determine the most efficient one for usage as a biomaterial. Methods and materials: For this purpose, ESM was removed from eggs using different protocols (with sodium carbonate, acetic acid, HCl, calcium carbonate, and using forceps for separation). Consequently, we have examined the membranes' mechanical and morphological qualities. Results: According to the analysis of microscopic surface morphology, the membranes have appropriate porosity. MTT assay also revealed that the membranes have no cytotoxic effect on 3T3 cells. The results indicated that the ESM had acquired acceptable coagulation and was compatible with blood. Based on the obtained results, Provacol 4 (0.5‐mol HCl and neutralized with 0.1‐mol NaOH) was better than other methods of extraction and eggshell separation because it was more cell‐compatible and more compatible with blood. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that ESMs can be used as a suitable biomaterial in medical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different post‐synthesis approaches were used to increase the adsorption abilities of zeolite mordenite and Y in removal of cationic dye molecules as typical dyestuff pollutants. Various methods including acid leaching, alkaline treatment, dealumination with hexafluorosilicate, sonication and combination of them were employed to alter the porous structure of various types of selected zeolites. The dealumination (due to acid leaching), desilication (due to alkaline treatment) and disintegration (due to shear forces generated by ultrasound waves) were responsible for the alteration of pores size and accessibility in mordenite. Acid leaching combined with irradiation of ultrasound was found to be most effective technique in adsorption of rhodamine B as a large dye molecule into mordenite. In the case of zeolite Y, a chemical treatment with ammonium hexafluorosilicate resulted in considerable improvement of adsorption of rhodamine B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joint diagonalisation (JD) of a set of target matrices is a common approach to solve the blind source separation (BSS) problem. In fact, the separating matrix (the inverse of the mixing matrix) of the sources is the joint diagonaliser of the target matrices. In this study, the authors show that each row of the separating matrix maps the target matrices using a linear mapping into the new vectors which are located on a direct line along the corresponding column of the mixing matrix. Based on this geometrical interpretation, the authors propose a method for solving JD problem, which let us estimate the rows of the separating matrix and the columns of the mixing matrix, (i) independently and in parallel, (ii) consecutively or (iii) simultaneously. Simulation results in different scenarios such as additive noise, ill‐posed mixing matrix, and high‐dimensional data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method relative to state‐of‐the‐art JD methods. The authors also propose an approach to omit the effect of outlier data, which severely degrades parameters estimation. The proposed approach can be used in JD algorithms to improve their performance in the presence of outlier data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Type - Therapy (RCT) Level of Evidence 1b What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Results of our study showed that intravenous papaverine hydrochloride plus suppository sodium diclofenac were more effective than diclofenac sodium suppository alone in the treatment of acute renal colic. Therefore, intravenous papaverine hydrochloride may be a beneficial supplemental therapy to relieve renal colic pain, particularly in combination with NSAIDs. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of papaverine hydrochloride combined with a diclofenac sodium suppository to relieve renal colic compared with diclofenac suppository monotherapy, as the effect of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on ureteric muscles might reduce the pain of renal colic., PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective, double-blind clinical study was performed., In all, 550 patients aged 17-55 years with acute renal colic were randomised to two groups. Patients in one group (group A) received a diclofenac suppository (100 mg) plus saline 0.9% (placebo) and the other group (group B) received a diclofenac suppository (100 mg) plus intravenous (i.v.) papaverine hydrochloride (1.5 mg/kg up to120 mg)., Pain intensity was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) at 0, 20 and 40 min after treatment. Further analgesia was provided at the patients' request (25 mg pethidine intramuscularly)., RESULTS Baseline characteristics (sex, age, past history of similar pains) were similar in the two groups., There were significant differences in VAS pain scores between 0 and 20 min and 0 and 40 min in both groups ( P < 0.001)., At the end of study, 71.1% of patients in group A and 90.9% of patients in group B reported pain relief and did not require pethidine, respectively., Significantly more patients in group A required further analgesia., CONCLUSIONS According to our results, i.v. papaverine hydrochloride plus a diclofenac suppository were more effective than the diclofenac suppository alone for treating acute renal colic., Therefore, i.v. papaverine hydrochloride is a beneficial supplemental therapy to relieve renal colic pain, particularly combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]