Emami S, Huang E, Kuo H-T, Kamgar M, Bunnapradist S. Multivariate analysis of antibody induction therapy and their associated outcomes in live donor kidney transplantation in the recent era. Clin Transplant 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2011.01517.x. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: The majority of kidney transplant recipients in the United States receive antibody induction, but its impact on outcomes in living donor transplant is not well-described. We used Organ Procurement and Transplant Network/United Network for Organ Sharing (OPTN/UNOS) data as of November 2009 to compare acute rejection (AR) and graft survival among all primary adult living donor kidney recipients of no antibody induction, antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and interleukin-2 receptor antagonists (IL-2RA) in an earlier era (1998-2002; n = 21 919) and a later era (2003-2008, n = 26 837). The incidence of AR in the overall cohort decreased from 18.5% in 1998 to 8% in 2008. From 1998 to 2002, antibody induction was associated with a decreased risk of acute rejection at six months (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.62-0.72) and one yr (RR 0.71, 0.65-0.76), while in the recent era, induction was not associated with acute rejection at six months (RR 0.97, 0.88-1.07) or one yr (RR 1.01, 0.91-1.10). There was no difference in graft survival over five yr with antibody induction in either era. Although antibody induction was associated with a decreased risk of AR from 1998 to 2002, it was not associated with a decreased risk of acute rejection from 2003 to 2008, nor was it associated with a difference in graft survival in either era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]