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Extending the study of Shaw et al., this study aimed to determine whether early therapeutic alliance, baseline client symptom severity, and client race predicted treatment duration and post client symptom severity. Participants (N = 75) were clients at a community mental health clinic. Baseline client symptom severity, but not early therapeutic alliance, predicted post client symptom severity; client race predicted treatment duration. Collectively, early therapeutic alliance, baseline client symptom severity, and client race predicted post client symptom severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a reflection by Timothy R. Elliott, the outgoing editor of the Journal of Clinical Psychology (JCLP), on his experiences and observations during his twelve-year tenure. The article discusses the goals of the journal, such as promoting innovative studies and addressing understudied issues in the field. It also highlights the activities and accomplishments of the editorial team, including the number of submissions and rejection rates, special issues published, and frequently cited papers. The document further discusses the clinical efficacy of attentional bias modification procedures and the impact factor of JCLP, which has attracted international authors. Challenges faced during the editor's term include difficulties in finding reviewers for certain topics and the decline in colleagues willing to review manuscripts. The article also addresses research ethics and integrity, emphasizing the importance of open science and transparency, and highlights the challenges faced by professional psychology in the current socio-political climate. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: To test the beneficial associations of a resilient personality prototype among emerging adults with chronic health conditions (CHC) over an 8‐year period. Design: Longitudinal, prospective observation study. Methods: Data obtained from emerging adults in the Add Health project with a CHC and completed study measures at two time points (286 men, 459 women) were examined. Cluster analysis was used to identify a resilient personality prototype at the first time point, as defined in the Block model of personality. Differences between those with a resilient and non‐resilient prototype were examined. A structural equation model (SEM) tested the association of a resilience prototype with positive affect, perceived control and family relationships in predicting distress over time. Results: A resilient personality profile was identified (n = 256). These individuals reported higher positive affect, greater perceived control and less distress at both measurement occasions than those without this profile (n = 489). Women reported more distress than men. SEM revealed the relationship of a resilient prototype to distress was explained by its beneficial association with positive affect and perceived control at the first assessment, and through its beneficial association with perceived control 8 years later. Gender independently predicted distress. Conclusions: A resilient personality prototype appears to operate through its beneficial association with perceived control to prospectively predict distress reported by emerging adults with CHC. The self‐regulatory properties theoretically associated with a resilient personality prototype may function through perceptions of control which, in turn, prevent prolonged experiences of distress. Clinical implications are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Family Process is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dermatologic surgery, lip, neoplasms, surgical flaps, full-thickness skin graft, vermilion Three stages of Mohs surgery resulted in a 20 × 12 × 5 mm defect involving the vermilion lower lip, labial mucosa, orbicularis oris muscle and a small portion of the cutaneous lower lip (Fig. Keywords: dermatologic surgery; full-thickness skin graft; lip; neoplasms; surgical flaps; vermilion EN dermatologic surgery full-thickness skin graft lip neoplasms surgical flaps vermilion e191 e193 3 05/20/22 20220501 NES 220501 Various surgical techniques are utilised for the repair of lip defects depending on the position of the tumour and dimensions.1 Where simple linear closure is not an option, surgical repair considerations include wedge excision, multiple flaps including advancement, rotation and lip-switch flaps or healing by secondary intention.1-3 All lip defect repairs have their own considerations, with the primary goal being retaining function, cosmesis and minimal morbidity during the procedure and recovery period.1-3 We propose full-thickness skin graft (FTSG) as a repair option for vermilion lip defects, which is rarely reported in the literature and report two cases with successful outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: We examined predictors of clinically significant levels of psychological distress among individuals with upper limb loss (ULL).Design: A multisite, cross-sectional study completed at six prosthetic rehabilitation centres throughout the United States.Methods: Oral administration of a brief assessment battery to 307 participants with ULL including demographic variables, injury information, screening instruments for PTSD and depression, pain interference, and activity restriction measures. Hierarchical multinomial logit models were conducted. Outcome groups were created using recommended cut-off scores on brief screening measures of depression and PTSD. Final models were assessed including relative risk ratios and marginal effects.Results: Over half of the sample screened positive for depression, PTSD, or both. Eight individuals exceeded the recommended cut-off score indicative of PTSD only (2.6%), and 106 participants (34.5%) screened positive for depression only. Moreover, 64 participants (20.8%) reported co-occurring PTSD and depression. Subsequent models revealed women and ethnic minority participants were more likely to have clinically significant levels of depression and PTSD. Greater restriction in activity and increased pain interference also predicted psychological distress.Conclusions: These findings indicate a significant number of individuals with ULL experience clinically significant levels of psychological distress, and routine clinical assessment of depression and PTSD is warranted. Women and individuals from ethnic minorities may be particularly at risk, regardless of the severity and cause of ULL. Restrictions in preferred and goal-directed activities and persistent pain are also contributing factors. Psychological interventions that address these issues are indicated. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Research investigating psychological reactions and adjustment after limb loss has primarily focused on lower limb loss. Little research has investigated psychological adjustment or distress following upper extremity loss. Lower extremity limb loss is more likely to be from a disease process while upper extremity limb loss is more likely to be due to traumatic injuries. Upper extremity limb loss possesses a qualitatively different experience as upper limb amputation is more readily apparent to others, impacts activities of daily living, and limits instrumental function in social and non-verbal communication. What does this study add? A significant percentage of individuals with upper limb loss report significant levels of depression, PTSD, and mixed depression and PTSD. Moreover, women and minority clients were more likely to report clinically significant levels of depression and mixed PTSD and depression. Activity restriction and pain interference's contributions in the final model helped to elucidate the clinical picture of psychological distress for persons with upper extremity limb loss. Greater activity restriction and limitations from pain interference increased the likelihood of reporting clinically significant levels of psychological distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: There is a paucity of Australian data on the use of Mohs micrographic surgery for treating melanoma in situ and lentigo maligna. We share an Australian centre's experience with the technique. Methods: A total of 62 patients with 62 lesions of melanoma in situ and lentigo maligna referred for treatment between 2015 and 2017 comprised the study group. All melanomas were excised with Mohs micrographic surgery utilising melanoma‐associated antigen recognised by T‐cells (MART‐1) immunostaining. Results: Follow up ranged from 3 to 30 months with no reported recurrences or melanoma‐related deaths. 94% (58/62) of lesions were primary melanomas and 6% were locally recurrent. 89% of lesions involved head and neck sites with 11% involving trunk or limbs. In total 55% (12/62) of lesions were cleared with 3‐mm clinical margins, 68% with 6 mm, 92% with 9 mm and 100% with 12‐mm. The mean clinical excision margin was 6.7 mm. All lesions with a tumour diameter greater than 2.2 cm required a 9‐mm clinical margin or greater for excision. The mean clinical excision margin for recurrent tumours was 9 mm. Conclusion: We provide the first Australian data on the use of Mohs micrographic surgery for melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telehealth can overcome access and availability barriers that often impede receiving needed mental health services. This case report describes an interdisciplinary approach to treatment for an individual with chronic physical health conditions and comorbid mental health concerns, which resulted in high utilization (and associated costs) of preventable emergency services. The report describes clinical case progression on anxiety symptoms and emergency service utilization while concurrently highlighting telehealth‐specific practice implications, especially as they pertain to training settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medium to large scalp defects with exposed bone can pose particular challenges to the dermatologic surgeon. Most of the publications pertaining to the repair of such defects are presented in the plastic surgery literature. Dermatologic surgeons may have less experience in this area and be hesitant to pursue surgery when these defects may be encountered. The technique described below is a simple, one‐stage reconstruction, with a short healing period, providing adequate cosmesis, and is within the capability of most dermatologic surgeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contents Summary 35 I Overview of animal and plant WNK kinases 35 II. Structure: domains and topology 36 III. Phylogeny–evolutionary relationships 41 IV. Plant WNK kinase distribution and regulation of WNK expression and activity 41 V. Functions of WNK family members in physiology and development 41 VI. Say no more? Still many questions to be answered 45 Acknowledgements 46 References 46 Summary: WITH NO LYSINE (WNK) kinases are serine/threonine kinases uniquely characterized by an anomalous placement of a catalytic lysine, hence their moniker. In animals, WNK protein kinases play critical roles in protein trafficking of components that mediate renal ion transport processes and regulate osmoregulation of cell volume. In plants, the WNK kinase gene family is larger and more diverse. Recent studies revealed WNK kinase roles in orchestrating the trafficking of an ion channel, a lipid kinase complex in animals, and a heterotrimeric G protein signaling component in plants that is necessary for signal transduction. For this reason, new attention is geared toward investigating the mechanisms adopted by WNK kinases to nudge intracellular proteins to their destinations. In this review, the functions of WNK kinases in protein trafficking are derived from what we have learned from the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. To place this new idea in context, we provide the predicted WNK kinase structures, their predicted expression patterns, a speculated evolutionary pathway, and the regulatory roles of plant WNKs in transport processes and other physiologies. We brazenly predict that the WNK kinases in both plants and animals will soon be recognized as a nexus for trafficking‐based signal transduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective We examined the degree to which a resilient personality prototype predicted adjustment among war Veterans with and without a traumatic brain injury (TBI) while covarying the level of combat exposure. Method A total of 127 war Veterans (107 men, 20 women; average age = 37 years) participated. Personality prototypes were derived from the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (Patrick, Curtain, & Tellegen, 2002). Measures were administered at baseline, and a subset was administered at 4- and 8-month follow-ups. Results Veterans with resilient personalities reported less sleep disturbance, more health-promoting behaviors, psychological flexibility, and emotional distress tolerance than Veterans with undercontrolled or overcontrolled prototypes. Path models revealed that resilience significantly predicted posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, quality of life, and social support over time. TBI had unique and consistent effects only on PTSD. Conclusion Personality characteristics influence distress and quality of life among war Veterans with and without TBI. Implications for assessment, interventions, and research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives This study tested an a priori contextual model of the mediating effects of participation on the predictive relationships of functional impairment, family satisfaction, and pain to quality of life ( Qo L) following traumatic spinal cord injury ( SCI). Design A longitudinal design was used to study 144 persons following discharge for traumatic SCI. Predictor variables included functional impairment and family satisfaction (at 12 months post-discharge) and the presence of pain (at 24 months), and mediating variables were two indicators of participation (assessed 48 months post-discharge). Life satisfaction and self-rated health status at 60 months post-discharge were the outcome variables. Methods A path model tested hypothesized prospective effects of functional impairment, family satisfaction and pain on participation and the subsequent effects of participation on the Qo L variables. Results Greater functional impairment and pain were predictive of less participation, and participation significantly predicted both indicators of Qo L. The two participation variables mediated the relationship of functional impairment and pain to life satisfaction over time. Family satisfaction had an indirect effect on Qo L through its association with social integration. Conclusions Participation appears to mediate the prospective influence of functional impairment, family satisfaction, and pain on Qo L in the years following SCI. These findings provide insight into factors that can predict Qo L post- SCI and support the use of contextual models to understand the temporal influence of disability and psychological variables on participation and subsequent Qo L. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Life satisfaction and self-rated health status are important aspects of quality of life following traumatic spinal cord injury., Functional impairment has been inconsistently predictive of these variables over time., Prospective research to date has not examined the mediating effects of participation in predicting quality of life., What does this study add? The results indicate that greater functional impairment and pain are prospectively predictive of lower participation., Greater participation, in turn, is prospectively predictive of greater quality of life., Participation appears to mediate the prospective influence of functional impairment, family satisfaction, and pain to quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Examined the severity of depressive symptoms and the rates of probable depression assessed by different instruments that were included in two separate surveys of residents in a predominately rural region of the United States. Method Surveys of the Brazos Valley region in south central Texas were conducted and responses to the short form of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (in the 2006 survey) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (in the 2010 survey) were analyzed. Results Regardless of instrument used, results indicate that women and African Americans are at greater risk for depression in this underserved region, but no unique effects were found for rural residency. Implications Implications for research, assessment, program planning, and policy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives Dermatologists commonly perform surgical procedures, including Mohs micrographic surgery, in an outpatient, office-based setting. Although this may be widely perceived to be safe and effective, formal data on the practice are limited. The aim of this study was to examine the range of surgical procedures and associated complications in an Australian specialist dermatology and Mohs surgery practice. Methods All surgical procedures over a 55-week period were prospectively logged, with data collection on sex, age, type of procedure, body site, diagnosis and complications. All procedures were performed under conditions that were usual for the practice, with a combination of sterile and clean surgical techniques, depending on the procedure. Results In all, 2370 surgical procedures were performed during the study period, including 934 Mohs surgery cases. Most procedures (68%) were performed on head and neck sites. A total of 56 complications were recorded in 51 patients. Bacterial wound infections occurred in 13 cases (0.5%). Bleeding complications occurred in five cases (0.2%). There were no complications requiring hospital admission or i.v. antibiotics. Conclusions This study supports the view that dermatological surgery, including significant procedures such as Mohs micrographic surgery, flaps and grafts, can be performed on an ambulatory basis in an office-based procedure room setting, with low complication rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To investigate the relationship between Medicaid Personal Care Services (PCS) and caregivers' reports of activity (activities of daily living [ADL]) limitations for children with chronic health problems. Data Sources/Study Setting. Primary data collected in 2008 and 2009. A state Medicaid program was the setting. The focus was children receiving Medicaid PCS. Data Collection. Medicaid case managers assessed children to determine their need for PCS, using information provided by the child or informal caregivers. Two thousand seven hundred assessments were provided to researchers directly from case managers. Principal Findings. Medical conditions and impairments explained 58 percent of the variance in the child's activity limitations. Activity limitations and problem behaviors explained 28 percent of the variance in PCS hours authorized. Which case manager completed the assessment also played a substantial role in determining hours of care. Conclusions. Caregivers' reports of the severity of a child's activity limitations effectively summarize the effects of conditions and impairments on the child's ADL performance and have a significant impact on the level of services provided. Assessors often respond differently to children's characteristics and circumstances as they move from assessment to decisions concerning care provision. Our results imply that the provision of appropriate services may be enhanced when both case managers and caregivers play an active role in decisions concerning care provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Clinical Psychology now features articles accepted by the new editorial team that will direct the journal over the next 5 years. Timothy R. Elliott serves as editor-in-chief and James Overholser is the senior associate editor. Associate editors are Linda Castillo, Kathleen Chwalisz, Stephanie Felgoise, and Bruce Rybarczyk. This editorial presents the editorial vision for the journal over the next 5 years, and presents changes in journal content. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1-7, 2011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The relations of caregiver attributions about care-recipient's problem behaviour to caregiving relationship satisfaction and caregiver distress were examined. Design. This is a cross sectional study. Seventy-five family caregivers of individuals diagnosed with various disabling health conditions were recruited and interviewed. Caregiver attributions (internality, intentionality, responsibility, and controllability), caregiving relationship satisfaction, and caregiver distress variables were measured. Results. Structural equation techniques tested an a priori model of the latent constructs of caregiver attributions and caregiver relationship satisfaction to caregiver distress. Maladaptive caregiver attributions (i.e., more trait, higher intentionality, higher responsibility, and higher controllability) about care-recipients' problem behaviours predicted lower caregiving relationship satisfaction, which in turn was predictive of higher caregiver distress. Unexpectedly, caregiver attributions were not directly related to caregiver distress. However, attributions had an indirect effect on distress through relationship satisfaction. Younger caregivers experienced higher caregiver distress. Conclusions. Caregivers' explanations about care-recipient's problem behaviour are indicative of their satisfaction in the relationship with the care recipient, and poor caregiving relationship satisfaction is predictive of caregiver distress. Caregiver attributions and relationship quality may be considered in interventions with family caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Social Problem Solving Inventory-Revised Scale (SPSI-R) has been shown to be a reliable and valid self-report measure of social problem-solving abilities. In busy medical and rehabilitation settings, a brief and efficient screening version with psychometric properties similar to the SPSI-R would have numerous benefits including decreased patient and caregiver assessment burden and administration/scoring time. Thus, the aim of the current study was to identify items from the SPSI-R that would provide for a more efficient assessment of global social problem-solving abilities. This study consisted of three independent samples: 121 persons in low-vision rehabilitation (M age=71 years old, SD=15.53), 301 persons living with diabetes mellitus (M age=58, and SD=14.85), and 131 family caregivers of persons with severe disabilities (M age=56 years old, SD=12.15). All persons completed a version of the SPSI-R, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Using Rasch scaling of the SPSI-R short-form, we identified a subset of 10 items that reflected the five-component model of social problem solving. The 10 items were separately validated on the sample of persons living with diabetes mellitus and the sample of family caregivers of persons with severe disabilities. Results indicate that the efficient 10-item version, analyzed separately for all three samples, demonstrated good reliability and validity characteristics similar to the established SPSI-R short form. The 10-item version of the SPSI-R represents a brief, effective way in which clinicians and researchers in busy health care settings can quickly assess global problem-solving abilities and identify those persons at-risk for complicated adjustment. Implications for the assessment of social problem-solving abilities are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65: 1–15, 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our objective was to examine the effectiveness of a brief individualized problem-solving intervention for family with caregivers of persons with recent-onset spinal cord injury (SCI). Family caregivers were randomly assigned to a usual care control group (N=30) or an intervention group (N=30) in which participants were to receive three face-to-face problem-solving training sessions (PST), educational materials, and telephone contacts as requested over the first year of caregiving. The participants included 60 caregivers (49 women, 11 men). The Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised, the Inventory to Diagnose Depression, and the SF-36 were administered at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. Caregivers in the intervention group reported a significant decrease in dysfunctional problem-solving styles scores over time; there were no observable effects for PST on caregiver depression. There was also some indication that the intervention had beneficial effects on caregiver social and physical functioning. An intervention for new caregivers featuring brief PST, education, and contact may be associated with lower dysfunctional problem-solving styles over time and may promote certain aspects of caregiver quality of life. We also discuss limitations and implications of the present study. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65: 1–17, 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Examined cognitive appraisals of interference and tolerance in the prediction of distress and self-reported disability among persons presenting for low vision rehabilitation. Design. Cross-sectional; correlational and path analyses. Methods. One-hundred and thirteen patients (mean age, 71 years; 52 men and 61 women) presenting for low vision rehabilitation at a university-based centre for low vision rehabilitation participated in an initial clinical vision examination and completed several questionnaires to evaluate cognitive appraisals, emotional distress and self-reported disability. Results. Path analyses indicated that greater tolerance was associated with less interference imposed by vision loss. Greater tolerance was also associated with less emotional distress and symptom severity (visual acuity) was associated with self-reported disability. Cognitive appraisals (tolerance and interference) indirectly influenced self-reported disability through emotional distress. Conclusions. The data indicate that appraisals of personal ability to tolerate vision loss and the perceived interference of vision loss on goal-directed behaviour and expected activities have greater influence on distress and are subsequently predictive of disability in comparison with objective symptoms (visual acuity). Implications for clinical interventions and further research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marital commitment between spouses has been found to be an important predictor of successful marriages. Beliefs about marital commitment among never-married young adults are of interest because of their probable influence on subsequent marital behaviors. The current study examined social-cognitive processes; specifically, religiousness, locus-of-control beliefs, and gender role attitudes, in the prediction of marital commitment beliefs among 294 undergraduate never-married women. We found that higher religiousness and lower chance locus of control were significantly correlated with stronger marital commitment beliefs. Multiple regression analyses revealed that religiousness was the best predictor of marital commitment beliefs in this sample. Social learning processes are implicated in the development of marital commitment beliefs. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During a question-and-answer segment at the end of a session conducted at a small psychology "specialty" conference last year, I was taken aback when a few colleagues emphatically voiced their skepticism about the validity of therapy provided with the use of long-distance technologies. My clinical, training, and policy interests in telepsychology began around 1996, as I realized the growing number of studies appearing in the clinical health psychology and behavioral medicine literature that supported its use. In tandem, these two issues of the journal signify our recognition of telepsychology as an inherent, integral component of contemporary clinical and counseling psychology. [Extracted from the article]

Clinical psychology is positioned to play key roles in mental and physical health issues of 21st century America. In this regard, however, the present Boulder model of educating clinical psychologists is not preparing our graduates to meet the diverse demands of either today's or tomorrow's marketplaces. Accordingly, we introduce a new, four level "matrix model" for the education of future clinical psychologists. The core focus of the proposed matrix model is on the weaknesses and strengths of people in their personalities and their environments. Moreover, this matrix model operates at the individual, interpersonal, institutional, and societal-community levels of analyses. The details and implications of this proposed educational curriculum are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the relation of social problem-solving abilities to distress experienced by family members assuming a caregiving role for a loved one who had recently incurred a severe physical disability. Family members completed measures of problem-solving, depression and health, while their loved one participated in an inpatient rehabilitation programme. Correlational analyses indicated that a negative problem orientation was significantly predictive of caregiver distress, regardless of the degree of physical impairment of the care recipient. Women reported more distress on several measures than men, and disability severity was also associated with depression and impaired social functioning. Family members with a greater negative orientation may be at risk to develop psychological and health problems upon assuming a caregiver role. These results are discussed in light of theoretical models of social problem-solving, and implications are presented for psychological interventions and for health policy concerning family caregivers and their care recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem-solving interventions have documented effectiveness in treating distress among a variety of clientele. The authors discuss the application of training in social problem solving with family caregivers of persons who have incurred severe physical disabilities. Specifically, the authors outline training procedures (i.e., Project FOCUS) that enable counselors to assist family caregivers in developing effective problem-solving skills that may translate to increased wellness for each caregiver, and by extension, their care recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the social problem-solving abilities and personality-disorder characteristics among dual-diagnosed persons in substance-abuse treatment. Relation between coping ability and characteristics and adjustment and compliance; Predictors of depressive behavior; Implication of the study for intervention.

According to contemporary trait models, personality variables influence the relation of certain social-cognitive processes to coping and adjustment. Specifically, neuroticism may effect a greater perception of threat in a given stressor and thus effect a greater propensity for emotion-focused coping efforts. Similarly, higher levels of conscientiousness may be related to a greater use of problem-focused coping. We tested these presumed effects of personality traits on the association between stress appraisals and coping among 141 undergraduates. Resulting models indicated that certain personality characteristics are related to appraisal and coping activities, but these relations do not fully explain the association between stress appraisal and coping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the presumed mood-regulatory properties of the problem orientation component delineated in the social problem-solving model, a positive problem orientation was predicted to influence ongoing levels of positive and negative affect during pregnancy. Higher levels of positive affect and lower levels of negative affect would then in turn predict depression during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. This hypothesis was tested in 100 women. Path analyses supported the predicted relation of the problem orientation components to trait affectivity, and indirectly to peripartum and postpartum depression. Trait negative and positive affectivity was also associated with peripartum depression, and indirectly with postpartum depression, as expected. Implications for the integrated social problem-solving model are discussed. Recommendations for assessment and counseling interventions with expectant women are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors examined the relation of problem-solving appraisal to health complaints and health-related expectancies among 321 undergraduates. Results indicated that self-appraised effective problem solvers reported fewer current physical symptoms during the 3 weeks prior to assessment and fewer health problems on the day of assessment than did ineffective problem solvers. Self-appraised effective problem solvers also had greater internal and lower chance expectancies for health outcomes than did ineffective problem solvers. Ineffective self-appraised problem solvers reported more negative health perceptions 3 months later during the week of final examinations, Personal control over emotional experiences when engaging in problem solving was significantly predictive of health perceptions. Results are integrated with theoretical models of problem solving and behavioral health. Implications for counseling are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the work we present in this article, we examined the contaminating effects of trait negative affectivity (TNA) on the relations between social support and psychological distress among college undergraduates. In the first study, it was suspected that controlling for TNA would substantially alter the associations between social support (as measured by the Social Provisions Scale) and depression at the initial assessment and later with negative mood prior to a course examination. Actual results from cross-sectional hierarchical regression analyses revealed that controlling for TNA reduced--but did not nullify--associations between reassurance of worth support and depression. TNA did not mediate the relation of reliable alliance support to state NA measured 2 weeks later prior to a course examination. Finally, a second study controlling for TNA found reassurance of worth support remained a significant prospective predictor of depression during the week of final examinations. Results are integrated with theoretical and measurement issues in social support research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the revised social problem-solving model, problem solving skills should be associated with cognitive and behavioral attempts to solve or prevent personal problems. We reasoned that the Approach-Avoidance scale on the Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI; Heppner, 1988) measures problem-solving skills as defined in the model, and predicted that scores on this factor would be predictive of health-compromising behaviors among 96 undergraduate students. An aspect of the problem-orientation component would be predictive of global health perceptions. Ineffective problem-solving skills were associated with greater alcohol intake over a 2-week period, and with more sedentary leisure behavior on retrospective and prospective measures. Perceived control over emotions was predictive of health perceptions, as hypothesized. However, elements of problem solving were unrelated to tobacco use, illicit drug use, and exercise behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of self-appraisal problem-solving ability and oral contraceptive use on ratings of menstrual pain were studied among 130 undergraduate women. Participants completed the Problem-Solving Inventory (Heppner, 1988) and the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (Moos, 1984). Regression analyses indicated that oral contraceptives–which are often prescribed to relieve menstrual pain among college women–were not predictive of lower pain ratings. Problem-solving appraisal, however, was significantly predictive of pain. Ratings of effective personal control during problem solving were associated with lower ratings of premenstrual and menstrual pain. Results are discussed as they pertain to the study of psychological factors in menstruation, and to the study of problem solving and behavioral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examined the interpersonal responses of persons engaged in dyadic interactions with confederates who enacted either depressed or socially appropriate roles and appeared either with or without a physical disability. Subject negative evaluations of confederates were indirectly obtained from a thought-listing measure. The overt behaviors of subjects were surreptitiously recorded on videotape and measures of verbal and nonverbal behavior were acquired. Subjects spoke less to the depressed targets and had significantly higher rates of negative evaluations of these persons. In addition, subjects gazed less at the depressed confederates. These effects were not moderated by target physical appearance. Findings are discussed as they relate to social models of depression and the stigmatizing effects of disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commentary writers vary in their agreement with the ideas presented in the C.R. Snyder arid TR Elliott lead article (this issue, pp. 1033-1054), but they share the view that clinical-counseling psychology already is in the midst of an evolution. There are two general camps to such commentaries. First, there are those who caution us to move slowly arid carefully as we respond to the change-inducing forces. Second, there are those who see this time as one in which we should make bold moves in our field in response to the societal forces that we are encountering. We suggest that the lightning rod for potential changes in the field of clinical-counseling psychology must be a shared emphasis on our scientific heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vocational rehabilitation (VR) counselors often head inter disciplinary teams composed of various medical, educational, and allied health care professional. Issues stemming from team dynamics and impede the delivery of services to eligible clients with disabilities. A psychoeducational program for training VR counselors in group dynamics is described, and the reactions of participants are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents tips on using local anesthetics. Use of the smallest Luer-Lock syringes for the procedure; Standardization of gloves to be used; Utilization of appropriate eye protection and proper disposal of needles and syringes.