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ABSTRACT Kaposi sarcoma is a human herpesvirus 8–associated angio‐proliferative tumor arising from lymphatic endothelial cells. Four clinical subtypes are known: classic, epidemic, endemic, and iatrogenic. The development of Kaposi sarcoma and lymphedema may be interlinked, where each condition could potentially support the progression of the other. Post‐mastectomy lymphedema is a commonly recognized complication following radical mastectomy. Angiosarcoma is the most frequently reported neoplasm in such a situation. We present a 72‐year‐old female who developed Kaposi sarcoma on the same side of mastectomy 9 years following her initial diagnosis and treatment for cancer breast. The diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma was based on the histopathologic findings and was confirmed with immunohistochemical staining for human herpes virus 8 and D2‐40. Lymphedema may be associated with local immune suppression manifested in the form of defective cell–mediated immunity and antigen‐presenting cell migration defect which may facilitate development of neoplasms. It is important to differentiate Kaposi sarcoma from other vascular tumors which may have a much worse prognosis. Patients with lymphedema should receive appropriate management and undergo long‐term follow‐up for early detection of any potential malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current study to inspect the magnetic flow properties and heat transport features near an oblique stagnation point of a nanofluid with mixed convection through a vertical Riga plate are examined. The Riga plate is a familiar actuator made out of permanently fixed electrodes and magnets that moved away from the plate due to an exponential decline in the Lorentz force. Nanofluid is taken into consideration due to its peculiar properties, such as remarkable thermal conductivity is the significance of the study. These properties are important in heat exchangers, electronics, advanced nanotechnology, and material sciences. Using usual similarity transformations, the group of leading partial differential equations is distorted into a group of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Then, a very proficient procedure namely bvp4c is utilized to discover the solution. For particular values of the different influential fluid parameters, the characteristics of the dimensionless temperature and velocity along with drag force and heat transfer are investigated graphically. In addition, the symmetrical results were initiated for both cases of the slip and without slip parameters. It is demonstrated that for greater influence of the volume fraction of nanoparticles, the normal and tangential velocity profile drops down for the instances of aiding and opposing flows due to fluctuations in the presence of slip factor, and absence of slip factor. In contrast, the temperature profile intensifies in both the cases of slip parameters and without the slip parameter owing to the phenomenon of assisting flow and opposing flow subject to superior impressions of the nanoparticle volume fractions. It is also observed that depending on the equilibrium between buoyancy effects, obliqueness, velocity slip parameters, and straining motion, the location of the point xbs${x}_{bs}$ of zero shear stress (friction factor on the surface of the wall) is displaced to the right or the left of the origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corn is the second most widely farmed grain for human consumption. Low corn productivity due to damage caused by pests has led to using pesticides to control pest infestations. However, the uncontrolled application of pesticides on corn harms both environmental and human health. Accordingly, field experiments followed good agricultural practices to investigate the dissipation pattern and terminal residues of chlorfenapyr and methomyl in corn and compare the values with established safety limits. Gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometer coupled with the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe technique was used to analyze residues of chlorfenapyr and methomyl in corn. The average recoveries varied from 94% to 105%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 8%–13% for chlorfenapyr and from 99% to 111%, with RSDs of 10–16% for methomyl. Chlorfenapyr and methomyl residues degraded in corn following a first‐order kinetic model, with an estimated half‐life (t1/2) of 3.9 and 2.8 days, respectively, and significant degradation (91.4%–98.1.5%, respectively) after 14 days. Although the maximum residue limits of chlorfenapyr and methomyl for corn are yet to be formulated in Egypt, the long‐term dietary risk for those pesticides was acceptable, with arisk quotient < 100%, according to the national assessments. These findings are required to guide the correct and safe application of these insecticides in Egypt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) are among the most extensively utilized nanoparticles in nanotechnology and that have negative impacts on the environment. Therefore, the intention of this work is to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of curcumin in nanoform (Cur NPs) against Al2O3 NPs induced kidney toxicity, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and changes in necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expressions in male rats. Fifty healthy adult male were divided into five groups [G1, control; G2, received 50 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks of Cur NPs orally; G3, received 6 mg/kg BW orally for 4 weeks of Al2O3 NPs; G4, (Cur NPs + Al2O3 NPs) received Cur NPs and Al2O3 NPs at a dose similar to G2 and G3, respectively for 4 weeks; G5, (Al2O3 NPs + Cur NPs) received Al2O3 NPs at a dose similar to G3 for 4 weeks then received Cur NPs at a dose similar to G2 for another 4 weeks]. Current results revealed that Al2O3 NPs induced a significant elevation in serum urea, creatinine, chloride, calcium, kidney malondialdehyde (MDA), DNA damage, injury, TNFα and PCNA expressions and a significant depletion in serum potassium, kidney superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) as compared to control. On the other hand, treatments of Al2O3 NPs with Cur NPs induced modulation in all altered parameters and improved kidney functions and structure, with best results for the Al2O3 NPs + Cur NPs than Cur NPs + Al2O3 NPs. In conclusion, Cur NPs has the capacity to mitigate the renal toxicity induced by Al2O3 NPs in male albino rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Background Method Results Conclusion Implications for nursing and health policy This study aims to assess the relationship between workplace ostracism and the procrastination behavior of nurses, as well as examine the effect of organizational silence on this relationship.Controlling workplace ostracism and eradicating time wasters, especially procrastination behavior among nurses, are key strategies that add value to organizational effectiveness. In addition, remaining silent about significant issues facing nurses is a devastating approach to the success of both healthcare organizations and the nursing profession.A cross‐sectional descriptive correlational exploratory research design was used to conduct the study. Data were collected from 352 nurses recruited from three large university hospitals in Alexandria, Egypt. Four instruments, namely, the Workplace Ostracism Questionnaire, the Organizational Silence Scale, the Active Procrastination Scale, and the Unintentional Procrastination Scale, were used. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized relationships among the variables.The findings demonstrated a significant positive and moderate association between workplace ostracism and both active and passive procrastination behaviors among nurses. Moreover, there was a strong positive and significant correlation between organizational silence and workplace ostracism. The results of mediation revealed that the indirect effect of workplace ostracism on both active and passive procrastination behavior through organizational silence was statistically significant, suggesting that organizational silence partially mediated this relationship.The study highlighted the ongoing challenges posed by toxic workplace issues, such as organizational ostracism and silence, as significant factors contributing to nurses' procrastination behaviors. Not only do these factors directly impact nurses' productivity, but they also interact to exacerbate negative outcomes in nursing care. Addressing these toxic dynamics is critical to improving nurse performance and ensuring quality care in healthcare settings.This study offers new insights for navigating toxicity and upgrading nursing productivity in healthcare organizations through fostering a more inclusive and communicative work environment. Promoting team cohesion and ensuring that all staff members feel valued and included can reduce feelings of isolation that may lead to procrastination. Also, creating safe spaces for nurses to voice concerns without fear of reprisal could significantly diminish passive procrastination, which ultimately enhances overall patient care quality and organizational efficiency.  [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cause of malignant tumor death. The development of novel, more effective drugs is desperately needed to treat CRC. Zingiber officinale is believed to possess anticancer properties due to its flavonoids and phenols. Using Soxhlet (SOXT) and maceration (MACR) techniques, the present study aimed to evaluate the amounts of quercetin, gallic acid, rutin, naringin, and caffeic acid in ginger capsules of Z. officinale. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/ultraviolet was used for separation and quantitation. In vitro toxicity evaluation of ginger capsules on the CRC cell line HT‐29 was also conducted to assess the anticancer activity of the supplement. The cell line HT‐29 (HTB‐38) colorectal adenocarcinoma was utilized for the antiproliferative effect of 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide. Ginger herbal supplement extract at dosages of 200 and 100 μg had strong cytotoxic effects (IC50 < 50 μg/mL) on HT‐29 CRC cells via MACR. This extract is comparable to the SOXT extract, which has an IC50 of less than 50 μg/mL. The anticancer effect of ginger herbal supplement formulations against CRC lines was investigated, and the results obtained from both the MACR and SOXT extraction procedures were noteworthy. The quercetin content was the highest of all the extracts according to the HPLC data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Esthetic crown lengthening (ECL) is commonly advocated to treat patients with altered passive eruption (APE). Since the introduction of the minimally invasive surgical concept, a limited number of studies have investigated this technique in a standardized manner, with further studies required to verify the validity and predictability of the minimally invasive FL‐technique. The current randomized trial compares a minimally invasive (ECL), using piezosurgery with flapless‐approach (FL), versus an open‐flap (OF) approach in the management of patients with APE Type 1B. Materials and Methods: Twenty‐four patients diagnosed with APE Type 1B were randomly assigned into test (FL) with tunneling approach or control (OF) group with minimally invasive flap reflection (n = 12/group). Postoperative pain was assessed during the first 48 h. Gingival margin (GM) level relative to a custom‐made stent (rGM) and patient satisfaction were assessed preoperative, immediately after surgery, at 3 and 6 months postsurgically. Postoperative swelling was reported for the first week postsurgically. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BoP), clinical attachment level (CAL), pocket depth (PD) and pink esthetic score (PES), were evaluated at baseline and 6 months. Linear regression analysis was conducted for pain. Results: OF‐group reported significantly higher pain and swelling scores than FL‐group during the first 48 h (p < 0.05). FL‐group showed no significant differences regarding rGM between 3 and 6 months, in contrast to OF‐group, where a significant decrease in rGM was notable (p < 0.05). No significant differences in PI, BoP, CAL, PD, PES, and patient satisfaction scores were evident between groups (p > 0.05). Regression analysis demonstrated that treatment and gender were significant predictors for pain (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Within the current study's limitations, piezo‐surgical ECL with FL‐approach presented significantly lower postoperative pain, swelling, and early GM stability compared to OF‐approach. Clinical Significance: Piezosurgical ECL with a FL‐approach can be considered a predictable technique with advantages over the OF‐approach in the management of patients with APE Type1B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This randomized trial assessed for the first time the efficacy of coronally advanced flap (CAF) followed by micro‐needling (MN) in contrast to CAF with acellular dermal matrix (ADM) on gingival thickness (GT, primary outcome), keratinized tissue width (KTW), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), recession reduction (Rec‐Red), complete root coverage (CRC) and percentage of root coverage (all secondary outcomes) in management of RT1 gingival recession in patients with thin gingival phenotype. Methods: A total of 24 patients (n = 24) with a thin gingival phenotype and single RT1 gingival recession in the aesthetic zone were randomly allocated to test‐ (CAF + MN; n = 12) or control group (CAF + ADM; n = 12). All clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Results: Both groups independently demonstrated significant gain in GT, RW, RD, CAL, PD, Rec‐Red, CRC and percentage of root coverage, with reduced PI and BOP (p <.05) at 3 and 6 months, without intergroup differences (p >.05). At 6 months, KTW gain was significantly higher in CAF + MN (5.08 ± 0.9 mm) than in CAF + ADM‐group (4.25 ± 1.06 mm; p <.05). Stepwise linear regression model with GT as dependent variable showed that base‐line GT was the only statistically significant predictor for GT with a direct correlation between base‐line GT and GT after 6 months. Conclusion: CAF followed by MN could represent a promising graft‐less approach for increasing gingival thickness, comparable to CAF with ADM, with superior keratinized tissue width improvement, in the treatment of RT1 recession defects in patients with thin gingival phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study includes an environmentally and effectively green method for the synthesis of novel 2H‐pyran derivatives 4 a–hvia a one‐pot reaction of different aromatic aldehydes 1 a–h with ethyl cyanoacetate (2) and 2‐acetylphenyl‐4‐tolylsulfonate (3) in the presence of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) as a green catalyst in an aqueous mixed solution (EtOH: H2O, 1 : 3 ratio) using microwave irradiation. The structure of all prouducts were confirmed by spectral data and elemental analysis. All compounds were investigated for anti‐inflammatory activity compared with celecoxib as a reference drug. The obtained results indicate that 2‐[4‐(4‐tosyl oxy phenyl)‐3‐cyano‐2‐oxo‐2H‐pyran‐6‐yl]phenyl 4‐tolylsulfonate (4 b) is the most anti‐inflammatory effective, which showed after 5 h., significantly inhibited inflammation compared with the carrageenan alone group (P < 0.0001)., and when compared to the treated group with celecoxib, inflammation was inhibited 42.38 % for compound 4 b compared to celecoxib 48.39 % simultaneously. Moreover, its histopathological examination was studied and showed a significant attenuation of inflammation and edema. The results indicated that pyran derivatives could serve as promising lead compounds for further optimization as anti‐inflammatory agents. The present protocol offers several advantages, such as inexpensive, easy work, pure products, shorter reaction times, excellent yields, environmental friendliness, and easy reuse of the catalyst several times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the flow of Casson hybrid nanofluid (Cu+Al2O3${\rm Al}_2{\rm O}_3$/C2H6O2${\rm C}_2{\rm H}_6{\rm O}_2$) through a Riga plate sensor with perforations that act as an electromagnetic actuator. The hypodicarbonous acid is considered a base fluid. The impact of Arrhenius chemical kinetics and viscous dissipation are taken into account during the dynamics. The problem is formulated by considering the heat and mass transfer. An appropriate scaling is used to reduce the complexity of the problem, and further transform it into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The reduced system is further set for the first‐order system of equations that are analyzed with the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) which is trained with the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The results for the state variables are displayed through graphs and tables by performing 1000 independent iterations with tolerance e−12$e^{-12}$ and η=4$\eta =4$. The Hartman, Casson, and Richardson numbers with their increasing values enhance the velocity profile. The chemical reaction parameter and the Prandtl number decline the thermal and concentration profiles, respectively. The Statistical analysis in the form of regression and histograms is also carried out in each case. The absolute error (AE) ranges up to 10−10$10^{-10}$ and validations that range up to 10−11$10^{-11}$ are presented for the varying values of each parameter. A comparative analysis of the nanofluid (NF) and hybrid nanofluid (HNF) is performed in each case study. The results for skin friction and Nusselt number are displayed numerically in the form of tables and are compared with the available literature, where the accuracy and performance of ANN are proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equimolar reactions of Zn2+ and Cd2+acetates with the carbothiohydrazide, [2‐HO‐C6H4‐C(H) = N‐N(H)‐C(=S)‐N(C2H4)2O] chelating agent (H2L) have produced the binuclear [M(L)]2 metal chelates. The isolated compounds have been evaluated by elemental analyses, XRD, molar conductivities, 1H and 13C‐NMR, FTIR, FAB‐MS, UV–Vis, and thermal analyses. The crystal structure of the chelating agent has been resolved and indicates the presence of the chelating agent exclusively in its E conformer regarding the C(H) = N bond. Elemental analyses and molar conductance data indicated that the investigated metal chelates are nonelectrolytes and were formed with 2 M:2 L stoichiometry. FT‐IR along 1H‐NMR spectral data gave evidence for a di‐anionic chelating agent that bonded with central metal ions via azomethine N, deprotonated phenolic O, and thiolate S atoms. The anti‐corrosion performance of the chelating agent and its metal chelates have been evaluated for protecting carbon steel (CS) in 15% HCl aqueous solution using electrochemical examination (EIS and PDP), surface examination (SEM and XPS) and theoretical approach (DFT calculations and MC simulation). The results revealed that [Zn(L)]2 complexes remarkably performed with an inhibition efficiency of about 94.7%, which was better than those for [Cd(L)]2 complex (93.0%) and H2L (88.2%), respectively. The EIS results revealed the gradual rise of charge transfer resistance (Rct) with concentration, while the PDP proved the mixed‐type inhibition performance with cathodic advantage consistent with the Langmuir adsorption model. It was verified that the Zn (II) complex could adsorb on the metallic surface, forming a protective layer responsible for mitigating the corrosion reaction and ions diffusion. This study provided novel inhibitors with structures designed and developed for inhibiting the corrosion process with marked performance. The results derived from various methodologies contribute to a substantiated interpretation of the mechanism of inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A relevant approach based on the attractive inherited merits of fluorescence spectroscopy has been established for quantitative estimation of a newly approved second‐generation atypical antipsychotic lurasidone (LUR) in its raw materials and pharmaceutical dosage forms. This study brings to light the strong native fluorescence of LUR at 400 nm in water after excitation at 316 nm. Different experimental parameters that may compromise the fluorescence of the drug were carefully investigated and optimized. A linear response was established between the relative fluorescence intensity and concentration over the concentration range of 50–650 ng/mL with excellent correlation (r = 0.9998). The validity of the method was evidenced in accordance with International Council for Harmonization guidelines, with minimal detection and quantification limits of 2.88 and 8.73 ng/mL, respectively. The method was effectively applied for the estimation of LUR in spiked human plasma and urine samples with acceptable recoveries. The biopharmaceutical significance of the method was heightened by its successful applications for both content uniformity and in vitro dissolution testing. Three different tools accredited the greenness character of the presented study. Eco‐friendliness, effortlessness, and cost effectiveness are crucial hallmarks of our study. The presented study demonstrates potential applicability in quality control laboratories with limited resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiotoxicity is one of the most devastating complications of cancer treatment by methotrexate (MTX). The present study aimed to investigate the potential anti‐cardiotoxic efficacy of taurine (Tau) and enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ) alone or combined against MTX‐induced cardiotoxicity in adult male rats. A total of 36 rats were randomly divided into six groups (six animals each): control, MTX (a single i.p. dose of 20 mg/kg), EMIQ + MTX (26 mg/kg of EMIQ, p.o. for 16 days), Tau + MTX (500 mg/kg of Tau, p.o. for 16 days), EMIQ + Tau + MTX at the same previous doses, and (EMIQ + Tau)½ + MTX. MTX reduced the percentage of body weight change, the expression of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and folypolyglutamyl synthetase (FPGS), the cleaved tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) level in the cardiac tissue, and the elevated serum TNF‐α level. MTX extensively deteriorated the electrocardiography (ECG), inducing tachycardia with shortening of the time intervals between successive heartbeats (R‐R interval), associated with elongation of ventricular depolarization (QRS interval), and the corrected total time for ventricular de‐ and repolarization (QTc) duration. Treatment with MTX resulted in a significant reduction in atrial depolarization (P amplitude) and rapid repolarization (T amplitude) and a significant elevation in plateau phase (ST height). MTX treatment resulted in swelling of cardiomyocytes with extensive vacuolization of sarcoplasm with numerous variably sized vacuoles in addition to apoptotic cells. Tau and EMIQ protected against MTX‐induced deteriorations in the conductivity and rhythmicity of the heart through antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. Treatment with tau and EMIQ combined at high or low doses offered superior protection to the heart than using each agent alone. Methotrexate reduced the percentage of body weight change, the expression of DHFR and FPGS, and TNF‐α in the heart. Methotrexate deteriorated the histological architecture of the heart as well as the electrocardiogram, inducing tachycardia and disrupting the atrial and ventricular conductivity. Tau and isoquercitrin protected against methotrexate‐induced deteriorations in the conductivity and rhythmicity of the heart via antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. Combined treatment with Tau and isoquercitrin offered superior protection to the heart than using each agent alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Ptosis associated with rhinosinusitis may indicate orbital or cavernous sinus involvement, typically accompanied by various other symptoms. However, isolated ptosis is a rare occurrence. This explains the diverse treatment approaches found in this literature review, ranging from conservative management to surgery. Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis and treatment planning. Isolated upper lid ptosis is a rare manifestation of acute rhinosinusitis, typically occurring without other neuro‐ophthalmological or orbital signs. This report presents a case of unilateral isolated ptosis in an adult male with acute rhinosinusitis. A 30‐year‐old male with asthma and bipolar disorder, and recent intranasal drug use, presented with nasal congestion, facial pressure, headache, and left eye droopiness. Neurological examination found left ptosis as the only abnormality. Lab results were normal, and COVID‐19 PCR was negative. Imaging showed pansinusitis without complications. The patient received IV antibiotics and steroids, followed by oral antibiotics and steroids. Ptosis resolved within 3 days and did not recur at three‐month follow‐up. Only seven cases of isolated ptosis with rhinosinusitis have been reported, all in males, most recovering with medical therapy alone. This is the first case treated with high‐dose steroids in addition to antibiotics. Isolated ptosis may be due to inflammation of the oculomotor nerve's distal branch or related muscular structures. Isolated ptosis in rhinosinusitis has a favorable prognosis. Imaging is crucial to exclude severe complications. The role of steroids needs further evaluation, and the timing for considering surgery remains to be defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the significant pharmacophoric role of 1,4‐naphthoquinone moiety, which is found in numerous biologically active natural products and well‐known chemotherapeutic drugs, including doxorubicin, shikonin, and alkannin, a newly prepared ligand ((E)‐1‐((2‐mercaptophenyl)imino)naphthalen‐2(1H)‐one) can be obtained from the condensation of 2‐aminothiophenol with diketone (1,2‐naphthoquinone) to form Schiff base (HL), which has been characterized using elemental analyses, FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, and mass spectra. The inner ((La(III), Er(III), and Yb(III)) and outer ((Fe(III), Co(II), and Zn(II)) transitionmetal complexes have been prepared in 1:2 ratio and identified by several spectroscopic instruments. Different characterization tools have been used as elemental analyses, 1H‐NMR, molar conductivity, 13C‐NMR, FT‐IR, thermal decomposition (TG and DTG), UV‐vis, X‐ray diffraction, mass spectrometry, solid reflectance, and magnetic moment. All of them are conjugated to confirm the proposed structures of the metal complexes and are complementary. Also, molecular docking studies for the ligand and its Zn(II) and Yb(III) complexes (using MOE program) have been performed to support the experimental biological activity. Molecular docking studies recommended that (Yb(HL)2)Cl3·6H2O complex is more potent against Aspergillus niger fungus when docked with 1Y43 (aspergilloglutamic peptidase enzyme from A. niger) receptor, while Zn(II) complex recorded the strongest binding energy among the docked compounds against 2W3Z(the crystal structure of a Streptococcus mutans CE4 esterase) and 7AB4 (the crystal structure of the Escherichia coli toxin‐antitoxin system HipBST [HipT S59A]) proteins receptors, respectively. Experimental applications of the free ligand and its metal chelates as antimicrobial and antioxidant activities have been carried out. The former occurred against two fungal species (Aspergillus niger [ATCC:16404] and Candida albicans [ATCC:10231]), two G‐positive bacterial species (S. mutans [ATCC:25175] and Staphylococcus aureus [ATCC:13565]) and two G‐negative bacterial species (Klebsiella pneumonia [ATCC:10031] and E. coli [ATCC:10536]). The DPPH scavenging method has been used to measure the antioxidant activity of the tested compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study evaluated the cardioprotective effect of astaxanthin (ASX) against isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction in rats via the pathway of mitochondrial biogenesis as the possible molecular target of astaxanthin. The control group was injected with normal physiological saline subcutaneously for 2 days. The second group was injected with ISO at a dose of 85 mg/kg bwt subcutaneously for 2 days. The third, fourth and fifth groups were supplemented with ASX at doses of 10, 20, 30 mg/kg bwt, respectively daily by oral gavage for 21 days then injected with ISO dose of 85 mg/kg bwt subcutaneously for 2 successive days. Isoproterenol administration in rats elevated the activities of Creatine kinase‐MB (CK‐MB), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and other serum cardiac biomarkers Troponin‐I activities, oxidative stress biomarkers, malondialdehyde(MDA), Nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐KB), while it decreased Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma coactivator (PGC‐1α), Nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor 2 (Nfe212), mitochondrial transcriptional factor A (mt TFA), mitochondrial DNA copy number and glutathione system parameters. However, Astaxanthin decreased the activities of serum AST, LDH, CK‐MB, and Troponin I that elevated by ISO. In addition, it increased glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities, total glutathione and reduced GSH content, and GSH/GSSG ratio, mtDNA copy number, PGC‐1α expression and Tfam expression that improved mitochondrial biogenesis while it decreased GSSG and MDA contents and NF‐KB level in the cardiac tissues. This study indicated that astaxanthin relieved isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction via scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative damage and apoptosis in cardiac tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of some new 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives was synthesized. Hydrazide derivative 4 was reacted with some sugar aldehydes to give the corresponding sugar hydrazones 5 a–c. Acetylation of 5 a–c with acetic anhydride in pyridine, managed the per‐O‐acetyl derivatives 6 a–c while refluxing in acetic anhydride gave the corresponding 1,3,4‐oxadiazolines 7 a–c. On the other hand, 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles 8 a,b, 9, 10, 12, 14, and 15 were synthesized via the reaction of 4 with different reagents including p‐chlorobenzoic acid, nicotinic acid, methyl iodide, morpholine, phenyl isothiocyanate, potassium iodide, chloroacetyl chloride, and phosphorus oxychloride, respectively. The new compounds were assessed for their anticancer and antioxidant activities. Compounds 8 a,b, 10, and 12–15 displayed the most antioxidant activity. In addition, compounds 8 a, 8 b, and 13 showed strong cytotoxic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytase is crucial in enhancing the bioavailability and release of phosphorus and other nutrients bound to phytic acid, making them more bioavailable for animal absorption. This study was carried out to inspect the effect of supplementing low phosphorus (P) diet with di‐calcium phosphate (DCP) and liquid phytase enzyme (LP), which contains 1500 FTU/kg, on growth performance, intestinal morphometry, proximate body chemical composition, blood profile, immunity status, liver mitochondrial enzyme activities, the expression response and economic returns of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Three triplicate groups of fish (initial weight 5.405 ± 0.045 g, N = 90) were fed on three different diets for 90 days. The first was a control diet with zero DCP; the second was a control diet supplemented with 0.71% DCP; the third was a control diet supplemented with 0.03% LP. The groups were designated as CG, DCP and LP, respectively. Results showed that LP induced considerable improvements (p < 0.05) in FBW, body weight gain, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, HIS, viscero‐somatic index, spleen‐somatic index, feed conversion ratio, blood parameters and the histomorphometry assessment of intestinal villi absorptive capacity, compared with the other groups. Also, whole‐body protein and lipid contents pointedly (p < 0.05) increased by LP, compared with the DCP group. A positive response (p < 0.05) to the phytase enzyme was noted in complexes I, III and IV of the mitochondrial liver complex enzyme activity. Likewise, the relative gene expression levels of (GHr‐1, IGF‐1, FAS and LPL) were notably (p < 0.05) upregulated by phytase enzyme, associated with DCP and control groups. Further, phytase recorded the highest total return and profit percentage. It can be concluded that Nile tilapia benefits from using phytase enzyme 1500 FTU/kg at 0.03% without adding DCP in terms of good performance and profits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Forward head posture (FHP) is a common postural disorder that alters shoulder function. This study examined the efficacy of a corrective program involving postural correction exercises (PCEs), scapular stabilization exercises (SSEs), and kinesiotaping (KT) on improving craniovertebral angle (CVA), scapular position, and dominant hand grip strength (HGS) in individuals with FHP. Methods: Sixty subjects (8 males and 52 females, 18–40 years old) were randomly allocated into four equal groups: Group A: received PCEs only, Group B: received PCEs and SSEs, Group C: received PCEs and KT, Group D: received PCEs, SSEs and KT. All subjects received treatment for 4 weeks (4 times/week) and postural advice. Outcome measures included cranio‐vertebral angle (CVA), scapular position using Lateral Scapular Slide Test and dominant HGS using a CAMRY dynamometer that were assessed at baseline and 4 weeks post intervention. Results: Comparing all groups post training revealed that there were statistically significant increases (p < 0.05) in all measured variables (CVA, scapular position and dominant HGS) in favor of group (D). Conclusion: Combination of PCEs, SSEs and KT interventions has achieved the best gains in terms of CVA, dominant HGS and regaining optimal scapular position in FHP subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the individual and combined effects of micro and nano lead monoxide (PbO) and granodiorite (GD) on concrete's mechanical and radiation shielding properties. Both materials were partially substituted for cement at varying ratios. Additionally, mixtures with optimal radiation shielding performance were prepared to explore the synergy of combining them. The mentioned materials are used for the first time in an extensive study at the nano scale to investigate their impact on concrete's mechanical properties, microstructure, and gamma radiation attenuation. Two gamma ray sources of uranium (U238) and cesium (Cs137) were used measure the radiation attenuation coefficients for all designed concrete mixes. A simple methodology was followed to assess the concrete shields efficiency via utilizing portable handheld gamma‐ray spectrometer that offers two reading modes. Results indicated that increasing the ratio of PbO is directly proportional to the concrete ability to attenuate radiation, where the optimal individual replacement ratios were recorded at 5% for micro and nano particle sizes. At this ratio, the linear attenuation coefficient (μ) values were improved by 39.57% and 24.78% for the nano and micro PbO, respectively. Additionally, the optimal ratio for improving mechanical properties was at 3% and 2% for nano and micro PbO, while the higher ratios showed a decline in mechanical properties especially at 5% micro PbO with 7.02% reduction in the compressive strength value. Regarding GD powder, the optimal replacement ratios for improving concrete radiation shielding were consistent with those enhancing its mechanical properties at 4% and 7% in both nano and micro scales, respectively. The combined mixes further enhanced the overall concrete performance, especially its radiation shielding ability. Compared to the control mix, the compressive strength, tensile strength, and μ were increased by 25.7%, 16.2%, and 44.7% at the optimal mixture of 5% nano PbO + 4% nano GD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal enhancement remains a critical requirement in different engineering applications. Many factors can affect the efficiency of the techniques used for this aim. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of particle‐fluid suspensions with heat transfer through porous annular‐sector duct on enhancement techniques and address the potential application of deep learning to suspension problems. The analysis is focused on the fully developed region of the forced convection flow. Thermal and rheological properties of particle‐fluid suspensions were studied using physics‐informed neural networks exploiting transfer learning capabilities for making parameter analysis. Another finite element solution was introduced as a measure of accuracy and to support our findings. Results were prepared in a comparative manner for both solvers including contour plots, tabular, and two dimensional figures. The average Nusselt number and friction factors were calculated for different cases to investigate the value of the thermal performance factor. Our results indicate the downside of suspensions on thermal enhancement and their negative impact on other techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aluminum (Al) is a ubiquitous element with proven nephrotoxicity. Silymarin (SM) is a mixture of polyphenolic components extracted from Silybum marianum and exhibited protective influences. However, SM bioactivity can be enhanced by its incorporation in chitosan (CS) through the use of nanotechnology. This work proposed to assess the protective influence of SM and its loaded chitosan nanoparticles (SM‐CS‐NPs) on aluminum chloride (AlCl3)‐induced nephrotoxicity. Methods: Six groups were created randomly from 42 male Wistar rats and each one contains 7 rats (n = 7). Group I, acted as a control and received water. Group II received SM (15 mg/kg/day) and group III administered with SM‐CS‐NPs (15 mg/kg/day). Group IV received AlCl3 (34 mg/kg) and groups V and VI were treated with SM and SM‐CS‐NPs with AlCl3 respectively for 30 days. Results: AlCl3 administration significantly elevated TBARS, H2O2, and kidney function levels besides LDH activity. Whereas GSH, CAT, SOD, GPx, GST, and GR values were all substantially reduced along with protein content, and ALP activity. Additionally, significant alterations in lipid profile, hematological parameters, and renal architecture were observed. Moreover, TNF‐α, TGF‐β, and MMP9 gene expression were upregulated in kidney tissues. The administration of SM or its nanoparticles followed by AlCl3 intoxication attenuated renal dysfunction replenished the antioxidant system, and downregulated TNF‐α, TGF‐β, and MMP9 gene expression in renal tissues compared to the AlCl3 group. Conclusion: SM‐CS‐NPs have more pronounced appreciated protective effects than SM and have the proficiency to balance oxidant/antioxidant systems in addition to their anti‐inflammatory effect against AlCl3 toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The domestic duck is classified as a specialist filter‐feeder bird living in the water. These birds also use grazing and pecking as terrestrial feeding methods. The tongues of domestic ducks, similar to those of other Anseriformes, exhibit numerous types and shapes of mechanical papillae that serve a number of purposes when collecting food. The current study attempts to describe the morphological characteristics of the tongue as well as the mechanical papillae's development. In addition, the study aims to determine whether the papillae observed post‐hatching (P2) exhibit similar morphology to those found in adult female avian species, as well as to investigate the readiness of the tongue to fulfill its feeding function following hatching. The comprehensive examination of lingual mucosa is examined about the structural modifications necessary for this variety of feeding activities. In this study, the tongues of nine young (P2) and adult female were used. The tongue had three distinct parts: the apex, which had a lingual nail on its ventral surface; the body, which exhibits numerous small and large conical papillae on its lateral sides and a lingual prominence in the caudal region; and the root, which is covered with numerous conical papillae of varying sizes. Conical, filiform, and hair‐like mechanical papillae, the three types of food filtration apparatus, are present in both stages. The intraoral transfer involves several structures, including the median groove, lingual combs, and the rostral border of the lingual prominence. The rostral border of the lingual prominence is characterized by distinct rows of conical papillae. The histological analysis demonstrated the presence of both keratinized and nonkeratinized epithelium on different tongue regions. The lingual salivary glands in the rostral and caudal lingual salivary glands exhibit a pronounced periodic acid–Schiff‐positive reaction. Additionally, the yellow adipose tissue and sensory receptors, namely the Grandry and Herbst corpuscles, which collectively form the bill‐tongue organ that monitors the movement of food. These results conclude the presence of microstructural species‐specific alterations in specific tongue areas of domestic ducks' lingual mucosa. These modifications are formed by the filtering mechanism and terrestrial feeding mechanisms, such as grazing or pecking. Following hatching, the tongue of the domestic duck undergoes significant development, primarily in preparation for grazing activities. The anatomical and histological structure of the young (P2) tongue exhibited similarities to that of the adult female domestic duck while also displaying certain variations that could potentially be attributed to the bird's habitat and mode of feeding. Research Highlights: The results of this study concluded that the domestic duck exhibit a complex tongue structure characterized by the arrangement and morphology of its mechanical papillae, the presence of the lingual prominence with distinctive shape and the lingual comb. These features are believed to be adaptations that enable the duck to actively and efficiently filter food particles from water, serving as its primary feeding mechanism. Additionally, the tongue of domestic ducks is specifically adapted to facilitate various terrestrial activities, such as grazing and pecking. This adaptation is achieved through the presence of conical papillae and a lingual nail. These investigations facilitate our comprehension of both the anatomical and histological characteristics of the domestic duck tongue, as well as enhance our understanding of bird adaptations to various feeding mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Carotid webs (CaWs) are fibromuscular projections in the internal carotid artery (ICA) that cause mild luminal narrowing (<50%), but may be causative in up to one‐third of seemingly cryptogenic strokes. Understanding hemodynamic alterations caused by CaWs is imperative to assessing stroke risk. Time‐Average Wall Shear Stress (TAWSS) and Oscillatory Shear Index (OSI) are hemodynamic parameters linked to vascular dysfunction and thrombosis. Purpose: To test the hypothesis: "CaWs are associated with lower TAWSS and higher OSI than mild atherosclerosis or healthy carotid bifurcation." Study Type: Prospective study. Population: A total of 35 subjects (N = 14 bifurcations with CaW, 11F, age: 49 ± 10, 10 mild atherosclerosis 6F, age: 72 ± 9, 11 healthy 9F, age: 42 ± 13). Field Strength/Sequence: 4D flow/STAR‐MATCH/3D TOF/3T MRI, CTA. Assessment: 4D Flow velocity data were analyzed in two ways: 1) 3D ROI in the ICA bulbar segment (complex flow patterns are expected) was used to quantify the regions with low TAWSS and high OSI. 2) 2D planes were placed perpendicular to the centerline of the carotid bifurcation for detailed analysis of TAWSS and OSI. Statistical Tests: Independent‐samples Kruskal–Wallis‐H test with 0.05 used for statistical significance. Results: The percent surface area where low TAWSS was present in the ICA bulb was 12.3 ± 8.0% (95% CI: 7.6–16.9) in CaW subjects, 1.6 ± 1.9% (95% CI: 0.2–2.9) in atherosclerosis, and 8.5 ± 7.7% (95% CI: 3.6–13.4) in healthy subjects, all differences were statistically significant (ƞ2 = 0.3 [95% CI: 0.05–0.5], P‐value CaW vs. healthy = 0.2). OSI had similar values in the CCA between groups (ƞ2 = 0.07 [95% CI: 0.0–0.2], P‐value = 0.5), but OSI was significantly higher downstream of the bifurcation in CaW subjects compared to atherosclerosis and normal subjects. OSI returned to similar values between groups 1.5 diameters distal to the bifurcation (ƞ2 = 0.03 [95% CI: 0.0–0.2], P‐value = 0.7). Conclusion: Lower TAWSS and higher OSI are present in the ICA bulb in patients with CaW when compared to patients with atherosclerotic or healthy subjects. Evidence Level: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One significant class of chemotherapeutic medicines with the ability to overcome drug resistance is metal‐based medications. The creation of novel therapeutic medications with distinct modes of action is required due to the rise in drug resistance, treatment failures, and the scarcity of available treatments. The amino acid isoleucine interacts with the arylidene (synthesized from isatin and 2,6‐diamino‐pyridine) forming the HL Schiff base ligand, which then interacts with some transition metal ions to form the metal complexes. Thermal analysis, spectroscopy (1H‐NMR, IR, mass, and ultraviolet–visible), solid reflectance, magnetic moment, molar conductivity, and elemental analyses were employed for examining the synthesized HL and resultant complexes. Mass spectra besides elemental analyses studies verified the formulae of the Schiff base ligand and metal complexes. All the complexes, except for the Fe(III) complex which is non‐electrolyte, exhibited electrolytic behavior as indicated by their molar conductivity values. The obtained complexes exhibited octahedral geometrical shapes, except for the complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II), which displayed tetrahedral geometry. Thermal analysis showed that the complexes consistently release organic ligands and anionic components following the initial loss of water molecules of hydration. The conducted X‐ray diffraction patterns elucidated their lattice dynamics and not only confirmed the purity of the samples, but also demonstrated that the ligand and complexes of Cr(III), Fe(III), Mn(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) have a crystalline structure in addition to determination of average size of the crystallites. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was investigated for Schiff base ligand and Co(II) complex. The complexes demonstrated superior efficacy than HL towards fungal and bacteria organisms against Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans, Salmonella Sp., Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The MCF‐7 cancer cell was subjected to investigation by synthesized complexes and IC50 values ranged from 12 to 23.1 μg/ml. Molecular docking studies define and anticipate the inhibitory potential and binding mode of the generated ligand with the 1GS4, 2HQ6, 3DJD, and 5JPE receptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although styrene acrylate emulsions (SAE) have demonstrated promising applications as surface sizing agents for paper, their strengthening effect on pulp fibers in papermaking is not clear. In this study, bagasse fibers, an agricultural waste, were treated with SAE to study the influences on the mechanical properties of the produced papers. SAE copolymers with hard chain (H‐PSA) and soft chain (S‐PSA) were prepared and added to bagasse pulp slurry at concentrations of 1%–4% by weight. The findings indicated that for the soft and hard copolymers, the glass transition temperatures were 19.5 and 26.8°C and their emulsion particle sizes were 166 and 182 nm, respectively. The copolymers strengthened the produced paper by wrapping around and forming a network of chemical and physical bonds with the pulp fibers. Papers treated with 3% H‐PSA exhibited the optimum improvement in tensile strength (38 MPa) and breaking length (67 m) by 13% and 64%, respectively. Treated papers were negatively affected by UV radiation due to phenyl groups spread along the chains. The copolymers demonstrated good wet‐strength properties achieved by self‐ and co‐crosslinked networks. The prepared paper sheets showed a preference for the mechanical properties of treated samples over the untreated ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Backgound: Infections of the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) driveline are a dreaded complication that results in high mortality and morbidity. Method: We retrospectively reviewed five consecutive patients with severe continuous‐flow LVAD (HVAD, Heartmate 2, and Heartmate 3) driveline infection. These infections, which developed on an average of 960.4 ± 843.9 days after LVAD placement, were refractory to systemic antibiotics and local wound care. All were treated with extensive surgical debridement, local installation of absorbable antibiotic‐loaded calcium sulfate beads (vancomycin and tobramycin), primary wound closure, and 6 weeks of systemic antibiotics after surgery. Results: Four patients had resolution of DLI, and one had a recurrent infection at another part of the driveline 7 months after the complete resolution of the previous site. This patient was successfully treated with debridement and bead placements. Three patients still have their LVADs, while two received orthotopic heart transplants. At the time of the transplant, there was no evidence of gross infection of the LVAD drivelines or pumps. At the average follow‐up time of 425.8 ± 151 days, no patients have an active infection. Conclusion: Treatment of LVAD driveline infection with absorbable antibiotic beads with primary wound closure is a viable option and merits further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refractive errors (RE) are commonly reported visual impairment problems worldwide. Previous clinical studies demonstrated age-related changes in human eyes. We hypothesized that the binocular RE metrics including sphere and cylinder power, axis orientation, and interpupillary distance (IPD) can be used for forensic age estimation of an unknown individual. RE data of both eyes were collected from the clinical optometric exams and prescription glasses of 2027 Egyptian individuals aged between 2 to 93 years. The differences between age groups as well as sides, and sexual dimorphism were explored. Two modeling methods were compared: multiple and stepwise linear regression (LR) versus machine learning Regression Forest (RFM). Data were apportioned into training and test datasets with a ratio of 80/20. The results showed significant differences among the age groups in each eye for all variables. Stepwise LR improved the results over models based on the one-sided lens due to selection of IPD in addition to the left and right axis, and left sphere as independent variables. For the RFM, the left axis and IPD were the most important features. RFM outperformed LR in terms of accuracy and root mean squared error (RMSE). The estimated age within ±10 years showed 81.4% accuracy rate and RMSE = 8.9 years versus 38.5% accuracy rate and RMSE = 17.99 years using RFM and stepwise LR, respectively, in the test set. The current study upholds the significance of the age-related changes of refractive error in formulating alternative forensic age estimation models when standard methods are unavailable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel azo dye ligand was created by diazotizing 4‐aminoantipyrine and then coupling it with 2‐aminophenol as part of a methodical investigation of physiologically active compounds, 4‐aminoantipyrine. The novel complexes containing Cr(III), Fe(III), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) were created from the target ligand (L). The structures of the ligand and metal complexes were verified by elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analysis–difference thermogravimetry (TGA‐DTG), conductivity measurements, infrared (IR), UV–Vis, 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and mass spectrometry. Using the Gaussian 09 tool, the density functional theory (DFT)/B3LYP method was utilized to compute the energy gaps and other important theoretical features. Also, the newly synthesized azo dye ligand, in comparison with metal complexes, was screened for its antimicrobial activity. The crystal structures of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis as gram‐positive bacteria, Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli as gram‐negative bacteria, and fungal (Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans) species were compared with the produced azo dye and its metal complexes via molecular docking. Most of the complexes exhibited greater antimicrobial activities against these organisms than did the original azo dye ligand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring is a major component of asthma management in children. Regular monitoring allows for diagnosis confirmation, treatment optimization, and natural history review. Numerous factors that may affect disease activity and patient well‐being need to be monitored: response and adherence to treatment, disease control, disease progression, comorbidities, quality of life, medication side‐effects, allergen and irritant exposures, diet and more. However, the prioritization of such factors and the selection of relevant assessment tools is an unmet need. Furthermore, rapidly developing technologies promise new opportunities for closer, or even "real‐time," monitoring between visits. Following an approach that included needs assessment, evidence appraisal, and Delphi consensus, the PeARL Think Tank, in collaboration with major international professional and patient organizations, has developed a set of 24 recommendations on pediatric asthma monitoring, to support healthcare professionals in decision‐making and care pathway design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The obtained data reveal that the coverage of surface (θ) and protection efficiency (η%) for the studied electrodes increases gradually as the inhibitor concentration increases. Tafel plot is carried out at variant temperatures in the investigated basic electrolyte containing 1×10−1 M of S ions. This study reveals that the activation energy barrier of the studied alloy is higher than that of pristine zinc anode at a fixed inhibitor concentration. It is observed that ▵Goads. and η% values rise with rising solution temperature, indicating that S ions adsorption on the studied electrode surfaces occurs by a chemisorption mechanism. Other calculations are made for the additional thermodynamic parameters such as ▵Hoadsand ▵Soads. The zinc anodes get more efficient when S ions are added to the solution, considerably decreasing electrochemical polarization. In addition, the presence of indium sulfide improves the exposed surface area of the alloy, supplying additional improvement in charge‐discharge efficiency. Density functional theory (DFT) is utilized to extract the quantum data to acquire a deeper understanding of the chemical processes between sulfide ions at the interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than half of the world's population is nourished by crops fertilized with synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers. However, N fertilization is a major source of anthropogenic emissions, augmenting the carbon footprint (CF). To date, no global quantification of the CF induced by N fertilization of the main grain crops has been performed, and quantifications at the national scale have neglected the CO2 assimilated by plants. A first cradle‐to‐grave life cycle assessment was performed to quantify the CF of the N fertilizers' production, transportation, and application to the field and the uses of the produced biomass in livestock feed and human food, as well as biofuel production. We quantified the direct and indirect inventories emitted or sequestered by N fertilization of main grain crops: wheat, maize, and rice. Grain food produced with N fertilization had a net CF of 7.4 Gt CO2eq. in 2019 after excluding the assimilated C in plant biomass, which accounted for a quarter of the total CF. The cradle (fertilizer production and transportation), gate (fertilizer application, and soil and plant systems), and grave (feed, food, biofuel, and losses) stages contributed to the CF by 2%, 11%, and 87%, respectively. Although Asia was the top grain producer, North America contributed 38% of the CF due to the greatest CF of the grave stage (2.5 Gt CO2eq.). The CF of grain crops will increase to 21.2 Gt CO2eq. in 2100, driven by the rise in N fertilization to meet the growing food demand without actions to stop the decline in N use efficiency. To meet the targets of climate change, we introduced an ambitious mitigation strategy, including the improvement of N agronomic efficiency (6% average target for the three crops) and manufacturing technology, reducing food losses, and global conversion to healthy diets, whereby the CF can be reduced to 5.6 Gt CO2eq. in 2100. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript presents, under the effect of different pressures (0–60 GPa), the structural, mechanical, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of CdO with NaCl type structure by using the FP‐LAPW (Full Potential Linearized Augmented Plane Wave method) with Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) whose basis is the Density Functional Theory (DFT). PBE‐GGA was used to compute the structural, elastic, optical, electronic, and thermoelectric properties using Tran‐Blaha modified Becke‐Johnson (TB‐mBJ) potential. Different terms like formation energy, cohesive energy, and phonon were used for the computation of thermal stability and that is further confirmed by elastic properties. Bulk moduli and pressure‐dependent lattice constants were achieved by using the optimization method. From the results, we can say that the increase in pressure is directly related to the band gap and inversely related to the lattice constant. The mechanical properties show that CdO is highly ductile and mechanically stable and ductility is directly related to pressure. The minimum conduction band goes to a higher energy level when the pressure increases while the maximum valance band goes to a lower energy level ultimately the energy band gap increases. The optical parameter curve does not change by increasing pressure but the peaks start moving towards the higher energies slightly. Calculations reveals that band gap increases by increasing pressure which shows the blue shift in optical properties. The optical properties spectrum was studied, including reflectance, dielectric coefficient, and absorption coefficient. The optical constants show that the phase of CdO with NaCl structure was translucent. In the end, the thermoelectric feature in terms of thermal conductivity (K), power factor (PF), Seebeck coefficient (S), and electrical conductivity (σ) were studied by using the BoltzTrap code as a function of temperature. Thermoelectric and optical aspects revealed that pressure induces the possible use of CdO material for various TE and optical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the safety and efficacy of combining phacoemulsification with gonioscopy‐assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) compared to phacoemulsification alone in the management of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). Methods: Prospective, institutional study in which eyes requiring surgery for PACG were randomized to undergo phacoemulsification followed by GATT (phaco‐GATT group) or phacoemulsification alone. Success was defined as having a final IOP of 6–20 mmHg with no subsequent glaucoma surgery or vision‐threatening complications. Results: Thirty‐six eyes underwent phaco‐GATT with 360° angle incision and 38 eyes underwent phacoemulsification alone. IOP and glaucoma medications were significantly lower in the phaco‐GATT group at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The success rate in the phaco‐GATT group was 94.4% after 12.16 ± 2.03 months, with 75% of eyes being off medications compared to 86.8% after 12.47 ± 4.27 months in the phaco group, with 42.1% off medications. (p = 0.008). Hyphema and fibrinous anterior chamber reaction were the most common complications in the phaco‐GATT group and resolved with conservative treatment or required YAG capsulotomy. Although this delayed visual rehabilitation in the phaco‐GATT group, it did not affect the final visual outcome with no significant difference in the final best‐corrected visual acuity between both groups (p = 0.25). Conclusion: Combining phacoemulsification with GATT in PACG yielded more favourable outcomes in terms of IOP, glaucoma medications and surgical success. Although the postoperative hyphema and fibrinous reaction may delay visual rehabilitation, GATT further lowers the IOP by breaking residual peripheral anterior synechiae and removing the dysfunctional trabeculum circumferentially, while avoiding the risks inherent in more invasive filtering procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a numerical approach for solving the time–space fractional‐order wave equation. The time‐fractional derivative is described in the conformal sense, whereas the space‐fractional derivative is given in the Caputo sense. The investigated technique is based on the third‐kind of shifted Chebyshev polynomials. The main problem is converted into a system of ordinary differential equations using conformal mapping, Caputo derivatives, and the properties of the third‐kind shifted Chebyshev polynomials. Then, the Chebyshev collocation method and the non‐standard finite difference method will be used to convert this system into a system of algebraic equations. Finally, this system can be solved numerically via Newton's iteration method. In the end, physics numerical examples and comparison results are provided to confirm the accuracy, applicability, and efficiency of the suggested approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article clarifies the thin layer deposition of superhydrophobic coating using eco‐friendly polymer (polyaniline [PANI]) incorporated with TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles on indium tin oxide substrate. Using the cyclic voltammetry method, in situ polymerization of PANI incorporated with hybrid (TiO2–ZnO) was accomplished. The morphology and hydrophobicity of electro‐deposited films were examined; the impact of deposition cycles was also investigated. The morphological structure was studied using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis proved the incorporation of nanoparticles into the composite matrix. Additionally, the water contact angle of the PANI composite was found to be 150.4°, and the findings reflected that (TiO2–ZnO) nanoparticles were significantly implicated in enhancing this superhydrophobicity. The surface roughness of the PANI matrix was increased when TiO2 and ZnO are added, as was shown by atomic force microscope investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green tea extract (GTE) contains antioxidants that are present in green tea. The active constituents of green tea extract are catechins. This study demonstrates a spectrofluorimetric method for measuring GTE's catechin concentration based on its native fluorescence. To design a quick, sensitive, and ecological spectrofluorimetric approach, all features were investigated and adjusted. This method relies on determining the GTE ethanolic solution's native fluorescence at 312 nm after excitation at 227 nm. The calibration graph displayed a linear regression for values between 0.05 and 1.0 μg mL−1. The detection and quantification limits of the proposed technique were 0.008 and 0.026 μg mL−1, respectively. Two pure catechins present in GTE, (−)‐epicatechin and (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate, were examined by the proposed method. The analytical estimation of GTE in the pharmaceutical tablet was achieved effectively using this approach. An adequate degree of agreement was found when the findings were compared to those obtained by the comparative technique. Therefore, the novel strategy may be used in the GTE quality control study with minimal risks to people or the environment. The quantum yields of catechins were estimated. The validated technique was accepted by the International Council of Harmonization criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontitis is a complex inflammatory disorder of the tooth supporting structures, associated with microbial dysbiosis, and linked to a number if systemic conditions. Untreated it can result in an irreversible damage to the periodontal structures and eventually teeth loss. Regeneration of the lost periodontium requires an orchestration of a number of biological events on cellular and molecular level. In this context, a set of vitamins have been advocated, relying their beneficial physiological effects, to endorse the biological regenerative events of the periodontium on cellular and molecular levels. The aim of the present article is to elaborate on the question whether or not vitamins improve wound healing/regeneration, summarizing the current evidence from in vitro, animal and clinical studies, thereby shedding light on the knowledge gap in this field and highlighting future research needs. Although the present review demonstrates the current heterogeneity in the available evidence and knowledge gaps, findings suggest that vitamins, especially A, B, E, and CoQ10, as well as vitamin combinations, could exert positive attributes on the periodontal outcomes in adjunct to surgical or nonsurgical periodontal therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fully formulated synthetic jet fuel is an aviation turbine fuel that does not contain petroleum‐derived kerosene and comprises the hydrocarbon compound classes n‐alkanes, isoalkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics. When the aim is to produce sustainable aviation fuel, one potential process pathway is by indirect liquefaction via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Fischer–Tropsch synthesised paraffinic kerosene plus aromatics (FT SPK/A) is a product that is fully formulated and can in principle be qualified as Jet A‐1. The synthetic jet fuel must ultimately meet all of the Jet A‐1 specifications. However, there are still hurdles on the path toward global approval of fully formulated synthetic jet fuel. In this study, several different refining pathways are shown that can be employed to produce FT SPK/A. The refining pathways have the desirable attribute of being generally useful and not limited to a specific refining technology. A case study is also presented in which FT SPK/A was produced, characterised and compared to Jet A‐1 specification requirements. It illustrated that it was practical to produce a fully formulated jet fuel via Fischer–Tropsch refining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calvarial defects of bone present difficult clinical situations, and their restoration using biocompatible materials requires special treatments that enable bone regeneration. Magnesium phosphate (MgP) is known as an osteoinductive biomaterial because it contains Mg2+ ions and P ions that enhance the activity of osteoplast cells and help in bone regeneration. In this study, MgP and CuO‐doped MgP were fabricated and characterized for their physicomechanical properties, particle size, morphology, surface area, antibacterial test, and in vitro bioactivity evaluation using the following techniques: X‐rays diffraction, Fourier‐transformer infrared, TEM, and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area, X‐rays photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, these nanopowders were implanted in adult inbred male Wistar rats and studied after two periods (28 and 56 days). The results demonstrated that the obtained semiamorphous powders are in nanoscale (≤ 50 nm). XPS analysis ensured the preparation of MgP as mono MgP and CuO were incorporated in the structure as Cu2+. The bioactivity was supported by the observation of calcium phosphate layer on the nanopowders' surface. The in vivo study demonstrated success of MgP nanopowders especially those doped with CuO in restoration of calvarial defect bone. Therefore, fabricated biomaterials are of great potential in restoration of bone calvarial defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Background Method Results Conclusion Implications for nursing and health policy This study aims to explore the relationship between collaborative leadership and nurses' productive work performance as well as the mediating role of nurses' innovative behavior in this relationship.Collaborative leadership is an imperative necessity in the contemporary turbulent healthcare environment as it provides a collaborative atmosphere where innovative behavior and productive performance of nurses are fostered, hence moving healthcare organizations toward competitiveness and sustainability.A cross‐sectional descriptive correlational exploratory research design was used to conduct the study. Data were collected from 550 nurses recruited from three large university hospitals in Alexandria, Egypt, using three instruments, namely, interprofessional collaborative leadership in healthcare teams scale, productive work performance questionnaire, and innovative behavior inventory. The instruments of the study are Likert‐type questionnaires through which nurses' perspectives regarding study variables were investigated. We used descriptive statistics, inferential statistics as well as structured equation modeling (SEM).SEM revealed that collaborative leadership accounted for 83% of the variance of individual productive work performance and 77% of the variance of nurses’ innovative behavior. Moreover, nurses' innovative behavior partially mediates the relationship between collaborative leadership and their productive work performance.Collaborative leadership practices are powerful strategies to enhance the innovative behavior of nurses and sustain their productive work performance.Fostering a collaborative atmosphere in workplace is mandatory for nurses' innovativeness. Replacing hierarchal leadership styles with collaborative ones is a promising strategy to enhance the productive performance of nurses. Healthcare managers and leaders could cultivate an interprofessional collaborative culture in the workplace in order to sustain productivity and eradicate counterproductive work behaviors among healthcare providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contamination of animal feeds with mycotoxins is one of the most serious issues in the world of animal nutrition. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) versus oxytetracycline (OXY) in reducing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) toxicity in rabbits fed contaminated diets. This experiment was done on 48 weaned NZW, four groups (n = 12). The first (AF) served as the control group feed on an infected diet by AFB1 between 0.02 and 0.03 mg/kg BW; second (AF + OXY) received an infected diet by AFB1 and was treated with OXY 200 mg/kg BW/day; third (AF + PPE) received an infected diet by AFB1 and treated with PPE 130 mg/kg BW/day; fourth (AF + OXY + PPE) received an infected diet by AFB1 and treated with a daily oral dose of 100 mg/kg BW/day of OXY + PPE (65 mg/kg BW/day), the experiment lasted for 8 weeks experiment. The treated group with PPE and its combination with OXY concurrent with AF showed amelioration markedly for liver and kidney function. To summarise, adding PPE and combining it with OXY at a half dose to an AFB1‐contaminated diet can help minimise the harmful effects of AFB1 on rabbit performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]