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This article, titled "Maternal and infant microbiology findings as prognostic factors in very or extreme preterm neonates after PPROM: a retrospective analysis of data," explores the association between preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and certain pathogens in the maternal vaginal microbiome, and their potential impact on neonatal outcomes. The study analyzed data from 2009 to 2018, focusing on 551 premature, liveborn singletons and twins born before 29 weeks of gestation. The results showed that certain microbial groups, such as Escherichia coli, were significantly associated with neonatal deaths, signs of sepsis, elevated inflammatory markers, and positive blood cultures in preterm newborns. The study suggests that positive maternal swabs for certain pathogens, particularly E. coli, increase the risk of mortality and morbidity in newborns. The findings align with existing research and provide new insights for further studies and the management of PPROM. [Extracted from the article]

Two different methods, administered both subcutaneously and intravenously, to reverse intramuscular midazolam-medetomidine-ketamine, are evaluated. Eighteen cats were anaesthetized twice each 5 min after premedication with atropine 0.04 mg/kg using midazolam 0.5 mg/kg, medetomidine 0.02 mg/kg and ketamine 2.0 mg/kg intramuscularly in one syringe. Because this study was conducted in co-operation with a dental prophylaxis project, cats had to be immobilized for approximately 1 h. Therefore, anaesthesia was prolonged with propofol to effect, if necessary. After 68 ± 11 min on average, immobilization was partially reversed by either atipamezole 0.05 mg/kg subcutaneously (group A/SC, n = 7) or intravenously (group A/IV, n = 10), or by atipamezole 0.05 mg/kg and flumazenil 0.05 mg/kg subcutaneously (group AF/SC, n = 10) or intravenously (group AF/IV, n = 9), respectively. These four groups were additionally compared with a non-reversed group. Recovery time and total time of immobilization (until cats regained a standing position) were not significantly shortened using the antagonists. However, unconsciousness and sedation (expressed through parameters like the time taken to head lifting, crawling, sitting and the return of righting reflex) were significantly shortened by the antagonists, especially if administered intravenously. Abnormal behaviour, such as vocalization, licking, hyperaesthesia, restlessness or salivation, was observed in all groups. However, excitation and hyperaesthesia were not observed in group AF/IV, whereas in this group only intensified salivation occurred. The addition of flumazenil showed no significant difference to atipamezole alone, but subcutaneous administration of atipamezole alone was not sufficient in the dosage used to show an advantage compared to non-reversed cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A low dose of midazolam–medetomidine–ketamine (MMK) combination was evaluated in three increasing dosages. Each of the 18 cats was randomly allocated for several times to one of four groups. Five minutes after premedication with intramuscular (IM) 0.04 mg/kg atropine, group A ( n = 43), B ( n = 40) and C ( n = 28) all were anaesthetized with 0.5 mg/kg midazolam, combined with 10, 20 or 30 μg/kg medetomidine, and 1.0, 2.0 or 3.0 mg/kg ketamine, respectively, IM in one syringe. Group D ( n = 11) received the established combination of 50 μg/kg medetomidine and 10.0 mg/kg ketamine for comparison. Because this study was in cooperation with a project on dental prophylaxis, cats had to be immobilized for approximately 1 h. Therefore, anaesthesia was prolonged with propofol to effect, if necessary. Duration of MMK anaesthesia was between 30 ± 15, 45 ± 19 and 68 ± 28 min in groups A, B and C respectively. A significant decrease of respiratory rate was observed with increasing dosage, but venous carbon dioxide (pCO2) and pH values in combination with arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) values were not alarming. The diastolic blood pressure particularly showed an increase. MMK combination A showed the best cardiovascular results, but it cannot be recommended due to disadvantages like a long induction time sometimes accompanied by excitations and the short duration of surgical immobilization. Dosage C in contrast had fewer side effects but less favourable cardiovascular results and a longer recovery period. However, either dosage B or C was suitable as a repeatable IM immobilization method for non-invasive procedures in healthy cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Velvart P, Ebner-Zimmermann U, Ebner JP. Comparison of long-term papilla healing following sulcular full thickness flap and papilla base flap in endodontic surgery. International Endodontic Journal, 37, 687–693, 2004. To compare long-term loss of papilla height when using either the papilla base incision (PBI) or the standard papilla mobilization incision in marginal full thickness flap procedures in cases with no evidence of marginal periodontitis. Twelve healthy patients, free of periodontal disease, who had intact interdental papillae were referred for surgical treatment of persisting apical periodontitis and included in the study. The flap design consisted of two releasing incisions connected by a horizontal incision. The marginal incision involved the complete mobilization of the entire papilla in one interproximal space but in the other interproximal space the PBI was performed. Further apically a full thickness flap was raised. Following flap retraction, standard apical root-end resection and root-end filling was performed. Flap closure was achieved with microsurgical sutures. The PBI was sutured with two to three interrupted sutures (size 7/0), the elevated papilla was reapproximated with vertical mattress sutures (size 7/0), which were removed 3–5 days after the surgery. The height of the interdental papilla was evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively after 1-, 3- and 12-month recall using plaster replicas. The loss of papilla height was measured using a laser scanner. Papilla paired sites were evaluated and statistically analysed. Most papilla recession took place within the first month after the surgery in the complete elevation of the papilla. Further small increase in loss of papilla height resulted at 3 months. After 1 year the loss of height diminished to 0.98 ± 0.75 mm, but there was no statistical difference between the various recall intervals. In contrast, after PBI only minor changes could be detected at all times. There was a highly significant difference between the two incision techniques for all recall appointments ( P < 0.001). In the short as well as long-term the PBI allows predictable recession-free healing of the interdental papilla. In contrast, complete mobilization of the papilla displayed a marked loss of the papilla height in the initial healing phase although this was less evident 1 year postoperatively. In aesthetically relevant areas the use of the PBI is recommended, to avoid opening of the interproximal space, when periradicular surgical treatment is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aim To compare the loss of papilla height when using the papilla base incision (PBI) or the standard papilla mobilization incision in marginal full-thickness flap in cases with no evidence of marginal periodontitis. Methodology Twelve healthy patients referred for surgical treatment of persisting apical periodontitis, who were free from periodontal disease and had intact interdental papillae, were included in the study. The preoperative papilla height was recorded by measuring the distance between a reproducible coronal point on the tooth and the most coronal point of the papilla. The flap design consisted of two releasing incisions connected by a horizontal incision. The marginal incision involved the complete mobilization of the entire papilla in one interproximal space, and the PBI in the other interproximal space. The PBI consisted of a shallow first incision at the base of the papilla and a second incision directed to the crestal bone creating a split thickness flap in the area of the papilla base. Further, apically, a full-thickness flap was raised. In the other interproximal space, the buccal papilla was carefully incised and elevated completely. Following flap retraction, standard root-end resection and root-end filling were performed. Flap closure was achieved with microsurgical sutures. The PBI was sutured with two to three interrupted sutures (size 7/0) and the elevated papilla was reapproximated with vertical mattress sutures, which were removed 3–5 days after the surgery. The height of the interdental papilla was evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively after 1 month and at the 3-month recall, using plaster replicas. The loss of papilla height was measured using a laser scanner. Twelve papilla-paired sites were evaluated. The results were statistically analysed using the t -test. Results Complete closure of the wound was achieved in all treated sites followed by uneventful healing in all patients. The total mobilization of the papilla resulted in loss of papilla height of 1.10 ± 0.71 mm at 1 month and 1.25 ± 0.81 mm at the 3-month recall. At the 3-month recall, the retraction had increased in nine sites, whereas in three sites, the loss of height had slightly diminished compared to 1 month. In contrast, after the PBI, only minor changes could be detected: 0.07 ± 0.09 mm at 1 month and 0.10 ± 0.15 mm at 3 months. There was a significant difference between the two incision techniques studied (P < 0.007). Conclusions In patients with healthy marginal periodontal conditions, the PBI allows rapid and predictable recession-free healing, whereas complete mobilization of the papilla led to a marked loss of the papilla height. In aesthetically relevant areas, the use of the PBI is recommended, to avoid opening of the interproximal space, when periradicular surgical treatment is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]