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Accurate monitoring of river discharge variations is essential for managing floods and droughts and understanding the response of global river systems to climate change. Remote sensing of discharge (RSQ) offers a timely and efficient alternative for widespread monitoring, particularly in ungauged areas. Current methods often struggle with accuracy, especially when estimating the width of narrow rivers from medium‐resolution images. We first observe that, although estimating the width variation of narrow rivers can be challenging from medium‐resolution satellite imagery, river discharge still correlates with river surface color or reflectance. However, existing methods can only correlate river surface reflectance with discharge in gauged rivers. Here, we introduce a novel method employing an advanced Transformer architecture to map river discharge variations directly from time‐series reflectance imagery. Our model, trained on quality‐checked data from 2,036 discharge gauges, outperforms existing methods in discharge estimation accuracy and is less affected by the need for precise river width estimation. The proposed model yields positive Kling‐Gupta Efficiency (KGE) in 68.6% of ungauged rivers, a substantial improvement over the BAM and geoBAM methods, which show positive KGEs in only 28.4% and 33.1% of rivers, respectively. Notably, this performance is achieved despite two‐thirds of the rivers being less than 100 m wide, a range where traditional RSQ methods typically struggle, and the RSQ performance does not show degradation for braided rivers. Our approach suggests a significant shift toward more efficient, extensive, and adaptable space‐based river discharge monitoring. Plain Language Summary: Monitoring river discharge is crucial for managing water‐related disasters like floods and droughts and for understanding how rivers respond to climate change. Traditional methods that use remote sensing to monitor discharge (RSQ) often face challenges, especially with accurately measuring the width of narrow rivers using satellite images. However, we've noticed that the color or reflectance of a river's surface, which can be seen from space, still tells us something about the river's discharge, even if the width is hard to measure accurately. Our study introduces a new method using a Transformer architecture that learns to estimate river discharge directly from how the river looks in time‐series satellite images. We trained our model using data from 2,036 river gauges and found that it performs better than existing methods. It is particularly effective in areas where we don't have direct river discharge measurements, achieving good results in 68.6% of these cases‐a big improvement over the 28.4% and 33.1% success rates of previous methods. This is impressive because two‐thirds of the rivers we studied are less than 100 m wide, where older methods usually fail. Key Points: Deep learning model maps river discharge from satellites in ungauged rivers, improving accuracy for rivers over 30 m wideThe model uses Transformer architecture, correlating river surface reflectance data with discharge when width changes are minimalValidated with positive Kling‐Gupta Efficiency in 68.6% of ungauged rivers, median width 67 m, significantly better than existing Mass Conserved Flow Law Inversion (McFLI) methods [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reservoirs play a critical role in the global water cycle by regulating the flow of water from the environment into human systems. Accurate estimation of the area‐storage‐depth relationships for global reservoirs is essential for effective hydrological modeling and reservoir storage monitoring. Bathymetry reconstruction presents a promising approach to derive this information. Current bathymetry methods either rely on simple approximations or are constrained by dependence on altimetry data or field survey data. To overcome these limitations, this study presents a pioneering approach involving training a deep learning model to reconstruct bathymetry and establish precise area‐storage‐depth relationships. We trained the deep learning model with approximately 160,000 simulated reservoirs derived from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and fine‐tuned the model based on hundreds of reservoirs with bathymetry data. By employing the trained model and SRTM, the bathymetry of 7,250 reservoirs in the Global Reservoir and Dam Database were subsequently reconstructed. The method is validated against comprehensive reference data sets, including 54 test reservoirs with bathymetry data, 118 satellite altimetry‐based reservoirs, and 68 LiDAR‐based reservoirs. The reconstructed bathymetry achieves a mean absolute error of 7.87 m and a mean error of +2.05 m for the test reservoirs. The validation against satellite altimetry and LiDAR‐based references significantly outperforms previous geometric approximation techniques, with median normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) values of 20.6% for area‐storage and 22.1% for area‐level curves. Additionally, the reservoir storage variations are estimated with precision, outperforming previous methods. The proposed deep learning‐based approach presents a robust solution for accurate reservoir bathymetry estimation and establishes more reliable area‐storage‐depth relationships for reservoirs worldwide. Plain Language Summary: Reservoirs are large bodies of water used to store and manage our water supply. Knowing how much water they can hold and at what depth is crucial for our understanding of water management and the environment. Our study explored the application of machine learning to better estimate how much water is in a reservoir at any given depth. Traditional methods have shown limitations, prompting us to develop a machine learning model for more precise estimations. Using our new approach, we were able to more accurately measure the depth and storage of over 7,000 reservoirs worldwide. Our results were more precise than older methods when we tested them against well‐known data sets. This new machine learning‐based method can provide better information about water storage in reservoirs, which is important for managing water resources and understanding the environment. Key Points: We employed deep learning to reconstruct bathymetry for 7,250 global reservoirs, refining area‐storage‐depth relationshipsValidation against various data sources achieved a mean absolute error of 7.87 mThe method realized a 20.6% normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) for area‐storage, surpassing prior methods [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is the second most common autoimmune rheumatism. Huoxue Jiedu Recipe (HXJDR) is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine with a variety of pharmacological functions; however, its biological function in SS has not been studied yet. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum samples were isolated from healthy controls and patients with SS. NOD/Ltj mice were used for developing the SS mouse model. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome–related markers as well as dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) were determined by ELISA, quantitative real‐time PCR, and western blot analysis, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin and TUNEL staining detected the pathological damage. A transmission electron microscope was used to observe the mitochondrial microstructure. Inflammatory cytokines IL‐18, IL‐1β, B‐cell activating factor (BAFF), BAFF‐receptor (BAFF‐R), IL‐6, and TNF‐α in serum samples and NLRP3 inflammasome–related makers (NLRP3, cysteinyl aspartate–specific proteinase 1 [caspase‐1], apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase‐1 recruitment domain [ASC], IL‐1β) in PBMCs were greatly upregulated in patients with SS. Furthermore, cytoplasmic phosphorylation of Drp1 and mitochondrial Drp1 level were significantly increased in PBMCs, while mitochondrial swelling and fuzzy inner ridge were observed in PBMCs of patients with SS, suggesting increased mitochondrial fission. Compared with control mice, SS mice showed decreased salivary flow rate, increased submandibular gland index, and more severe inflammatory infiltration and damage as well as mitochondrial fission in submandibular gland tissues. After HXJDR administration, these effects were significantly reversed. HXJDR treatment could alleviate the inflammatory infiltration and pathological damage in submandibular glands of SS mice by inhibiting Drp‐1–dependent mitochondrial fission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A concern of reverse causation exists about the association between nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) prognosis and body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis, while the prognostic impact of BMI measured years before diagnosis is unknown. Therefore, we investigated associations of prediagnosis and pretreatment BMI and body shape on NPC mortality. From a population‐based patient cohort in southern China between 2010 and 2013, we included 2526 incident NPC cases with prospective follow‐up through 2018. We assessed the associations of BMI and body shape at age 20 years, 10 years before diagnosis, and at diagnosis with NPC mortality, combining strategies of stratification and statistical adjustment to minimize reverse causation. We observed 25% lower all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64‐0.89) and 25% lower NPC‐specific mortality (HR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61‐0.91) among overweight vs normal‐weight NPC cases at diagnosis. Lean body shapes 1 and 2 at diagnosis were associated with 68% and 23% higher all‐cause mortality, respectively, compared to normal body shape 3. No effect modification by cancer stage was detected for associations with all‐cause or NPC‐specific mortality. Associations with BMI and body shape 10 years before diagnosis were similar but attenuated, while body size and shape at age 20 were not associated with mortality. Being overweight at diagnosis decreased mortality, and thinner body shape increased mortality, compared to normal weight/body shape. These associations may be due to poorer nutrition and treatment intolerance, resulting in treatment discontinuation and worse survival outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), which is distributed worldwide, is a significant viral respiratory pathogen responsible for causing acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in children. The aim of the present study was to investigate the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of HMPV in pediatric patients in Hangzhou China following the peak of onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). A total of 1442 throat swabs were collected from the pediatric patients with a diagnosis of ARTI from November 2020 to March 2021. The following viruses were detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis: HMPV, RSV, adenovirus, hPIV1‐3, influenza A, and influenza B. A two‐step method was used to amplify the F genes of the HMPV‐positive samples. Following sequencing, phylogenetic analyses were conducted using the MEGA version 7 software package. Among the 1442 samples, 103 (7.14%) were positive for HMPV. No significant differences were observed in the gender distribution. The highest incidence of HMPV occurred in children older than 6 years and the lowest was noted in children younger than 6 months. Lower respiratory tract infections were diagnosed at a higher rate than upper respiratory tract infections in HMPV‐infected children. Only 10 HMPV‐infected children (5.41%) were inpatients compared with 93 outpatients (7.39%). Co‐infection was observed in 31 HMPV‐positive samples including 24 samples of double infection and seven samples of triple infection. A total of 61F gene fragments of HMPV, which were approximately 727 bp in length were successfully sequenced. All the HMPVs belonged to the genotype B and were clustered into subgenotypes B1 (1.6%, 1/61) and B2 (98.4%, 60/61). A total of four specific amino acid substitutions were noted as follows: aa280, aa296, aa392, and aa396. These substitutions were present between sequences derived from the subgenotypes B1 and B2 in the fusion open reading frame from position 244 to 429. In conclusion, the present study provided significant information regarding the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of HMPV in children living in Hangzhou. Following the first peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic, HMPV was considered an important viral respiratory pathogen present in children with ARTI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the cytological morphology of angiosarcoma in a pleural effusion with immunocytochemistry applied to smears to help in the diagnosis of the case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: We aimed to investigate whether sacubitril–valsartan could further improve the prognosis, cardiac function, and left ventricular (LV) remodelling in patients following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods and results: We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from inception to 10 May 2021 to identify potential articles. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting the inclusion criteria were included and analysed. Thirteen RCTs, covering 1358 patients, were analysed. Compared with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), sacubitril–valsartan did not significantly reduced the cardiovascular mortality [risk ratio (RR) 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22 to 1.93, P = 0.434] and the rate of myocardial reinfarction (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.46, P = 0.295) of patients following AMI, but the rate of hospitalization for heart failure (HF) (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.66, P < 0.001) and the change of LV ejection fraction (LVEF) [weighted mean difference (WMD) 5.49, 95% CI 3.62 to 7.36, P < 0.001] were obviously improved. The N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐ProBNP) level (WMD −310.23, 95% CI −385.89 to −234.57, P < 0.001) and the LV end‐diastolic dimension (LVEDD) (WMD −3.16, 95% CI −4.59 to −1.73, P < 0.001) were also significantly lower in sacubitril–valsartan group than in ACEI/ARB group. Regarding safety, sacubitril–valsartan did not increase the risk of hypotension, hyperkalaemia, angioedema, and cough. Conclusions: This meta‐analysis suggests that early administration of sacubitril–valsartan may be superior to conventional ACEI/ARB to decrease the risk of hospitalization for HF, improve the cardiac function, and reverse the LV remodelling in patients following AMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a rare cytopathological case of epithelioid sarcoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis is one of the most common diseases for aged people, posing a heavy burden to our aging society. Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis is a main strategy to prevent bone loss or bone micro architecture deterioration caused by postmenopausal osteoporosis. In current study, a series of quinoxaline‐fused oleanolic acid (QOA) derivatives were designed and synthesized. Their inhibitory activity on receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclastogenesis was evaluated using a cell‐based tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) assay. The most potent compound, QOA derivative 5 l, showed an IC50 at 62.4 nM, and cytotoxicity assay of bone marrow‐derived monocyte/macrophage (BMDMs) suggested that the inhibition of 5 l on osteoclast differentiation was not due to its cytotoxicity. More importantly, 5 l attenuated bone loss in the bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) mice model, and preliminary mechanism study indicated that 5 l affected the early stage of osteoclastogenesis. Our data demonstrated that these QOA derivatives might serve as potential leads for the development of new anti‐osteoporosis agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metastatic deposits from malignant melanoma, renal clear cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma involving the thyroid gland have been reported before, but there are no previous reports of ovarian clear cell carcinoma metastatic to the thyroid. Cytological features and immunocytochemistry can help distinguish between primary and metastatic thyroid malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

River wetted width (RWW) is an important variable in the study of river hydrological and biogeochemical processes. Presently, RWW is often measured from remotely sensed imagery, and the accuracy of RWW estimation is typically low when coarse spatial resolution imagery is used because river boundaries often run through pixels that represent a region that is a mixture of water and land. Thus, when conventional hard classification methods are used in the estimation of RWW, the mixed pixel problem can become a large source of error. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel approach to measure RWW at the subpixel scale. Spectral unmixing is first applied to the imagery to obtain a water fraction image that indicates the proportional coverage of water in image pixels. A fine spatial resolution river map from which RWW may be estimated is then produced from the water fraction image by superresolution mapping (SRM). In the SRM analysis, a deep convolutional neural network is used to eliminate the negative effects of water fraction errors and reconstruct the geographical distribution of water. The proposed approach is assessed in two experiments, with the results demonstrating that the convolutional neural network‐based SRM model can effectively estimate subpixel scale details of rivers and that the accuracy of RWW estimation is substantially higher than that obtained from the use of a conventional hard image classification. The improvement shows that the proposed method has great potential to derive more accurate RWW values from remotely sensed imagery. Key Points: The accuracy of river wetted width measured with remotely sensed imagery is mainly affected by mixed pixels along river boundariesThe deep convolutional neural network effectively eliminates fraction errors and models the geographical distribution of water accuratelyThe super‐resolution mapping analysis can substantially increase the accuracy of river wetted width estimation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, community nurses do not have systematic training, and the nursing education curriculum focuses on clinical nursing both in vocational school and high school. Most nurses work at a hospital, and almost all community nurses lack systematic knowledge about community nursing. A training program for community nurses in Guangzhou City has been conducted since 2003. The training curriculum has evolved over the years, but is not standardized. This article describes research on improving community nurses' basic knowledge and practice skills. We modified the curriculum with a questionnaire and a modified Delphi method. First, 318 participating nurses and instructors were queried in December 2012. Then 22 experts modified the training program based on the results of the questionnaire and implementation since 2013. After 4 years, we followed up with the new participating nurses to evaluate the curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Hyperglycolysis, observed within the penumbra zone during brain ischemia, was shown to be detrimental for tissue survival because of lactate accumulation and reactive oxygen species overproduction in clinical and experimental settings. Recently, mounting evidence suggests that glycolytic reprogramming and induced metabolic enzymes can fuel the activation of peripheral immune cells. However, the possible roles and details regarding hyperglycolysis in neuroinflammation during ischemia are relatively poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether overactivated glycolysis could activate microglia and identified the crucial regulators of neuroinflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. Using BV 2 and primary microglial cultures, we found hyperglycolysis and induction of the key glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2) were essential for microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation under hypoxia. Mechanistically, HK2 up‐regulation led to accumulated acetyl‐coenzyme A, which accounted for the subsequent histone acetylation and transcriptional activation of interleukin (IL)‐1β. The inhibition and selective knockdown of HK2 in vivo significantly protected against ischemic brain injury by suppressing microglial activation and IL‐1β production in male Sprague–Dawley rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) surgery. We provide novel insights for HK2 specifically serving as a neuroinflammatory determinant, thus explaining the neurotoxic effect of hyperglycolysis and indicating the possibility of selectively targeting HK2 as a therapeutic strategy in acute ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple grid cell-based distributed hydrologic model was developed to provide spatial information on hydrologic components for determining hydrologically based critical source areas. The model represents the critical process (soil moisture variation) to run-off generation accounting for both local and global water balance. In this way, it simulates both infiltration excess run-off and saturation excess run-off. The model was tested by multisite and multivariable evaluation on the 50-km2 Little River Experimental Watershed I in Georgia, U.S. and 2 smaller nested subwatersheds. Water balance, hydrograph, and soil moisture were simulated and compared to observed data. For streamflow calibration, the daily Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient was 0.78 at the watershed outlet and 0.56 and 0.75 at the 2 nested subwatersheds. For the validation period, the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients were 0.79 at the watershed outlet and 0.85 and 0.83 at the 2 subwatersheds. The per cent bias was less than 15% for all sites. For soil moisture, the model also predicted the rising and declining trends at 4 of the 5 measurement sites. The spatial distribution of surface run-off simulated by the model was mainly controlled by local characteristics (precipitation, soil properties, and land cover) on dry days and by global watershed characteristics (relative position within the watershed and hydrologic connectivity) on wet days when saturation excess run-off was simulated. The spatial details of run-off generation and travel time along flow paths provided by the model are helpful for watershed managers to further identify critical source areas of non-point source pollution and develop best management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New Findings What is the central question of this study? High titres of autoantibodies against the second extracellular loop of the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AAs) can be detected in the sera of patients with ventricular arrhythmias, but a causal relationship between β1-AAs and ventricular arrhythmias has not been established., What is the main finding and its importance? Monoclonal β1-AAs (β1-AR mAbs) were used in the experiments. We showed that β1-AR mAbs increased susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias and induced repolarization abnormalities. Antibody adsorption of β1-AAs will be a potential new therapeutic strategy for ventricular arrhythmias in patients with high titres of β1-AAs., High titres of autoantibodies against the second extracellular loop of the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AAs) can be detected in sera from patients with ventricular arrhythmias, but a causal relationship between β1-AAs and ventricular arrhythmias has not been established. In this work, ECGs of guinea-pigs and isolated guinea-pig hearts were recorded. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) were evoked by programmed electrical stimulation of the left ventricular epicardium of isolated guinea-pig hearts. The monophasic action potential and effective refractory period of the left ventricle were recorded in paced isolated guinea-pig hearts. Furthermore, to increase the specificity, monoclonal autoantibodies against the second extracellular loop of the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR mAbs) were used in all experiments. The results showed that β1-AR mAbs induced premature ventricular contractions in guinea-pigs and isolated guinea-pig hearts. In addition, β1-AR mAbs decreased the threshold of VT/VF and prolonged the duration of VT/VF. Furthermore, β1-AR mAbs shortened the corrected QT interval and effective refractory period, and prolonged late-phase repolarization of the monophasic action potential (MAPD90−30). These changes in electrophysiological parameters might be attributed, at least in part, to the arrhythmogenicity of β1-AR mAbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The natural abundance of larval fish of four carp species has been affected adversely by the Three Gorges Reservoir in the Yangtze River. One of the methods to conserve fish is to regulate hydrology regimes to keep them optimal for species spawning. Thirty-two hydrologic indicators (HIs) associated with the hydrologic regime of the spawning sites at the Jianli reach were analyzed with the range of variability approach. Outputs were correlated with abundance of larval fish by a genetic programming approach to explore the relationship between the hydrologic regime and fish abundance. Results showed that rate of rise for discharge and average monthly discharge in June, October, and December; rate of rise for water level, average monthly water level in May, June, July, October, and November, and 1-, 3-, 7-, and 30-day maximum water level; and high pulse duration for sediment concentration and average monthly sediment concentration in June, July, and October were key factors that affected fish species abundance. All of these HIs changed greatly after impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir since 2003. Discharge and water level played the dominant role in reproduction of four carp species when the change of sediment concentration kept stable. However, when the sediment concentration declined over the limited range, it replaced discharge and water level as having the dominant role in reproduction. Two relationships between abundance of larval fish and HIs were identified from genetic programming results to explore an indicator impact matrix for use in eco-hydrologic management through change of some HIs to improve fish abundance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative study was conducted to investigate the adsorption characteristics of phosphorus (P) on two soil samples collected from a typical subtropical reservoir and to reveal the possible influence of alternating exposure and inundation on the P adsorption onto soil in a water level fluctuation zone. Short-term batch experiments were performed, and characterization methods, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, were also used. The P adsorption kinetics for both soils was best described by a pseudo-second order model ( R2 > 0.99). A modified Langmuir model described the P adsorption on both samples well, and low temperature increased the risk of releasing soil P into the overlying water. Low pH values were not conducive to the P adsorption process. It appeared that alternating exposure and inundation had no significant impact on the adsorption capacity of P onto soil from water level fluctuation zones in this research. pH, SEM, and FT-IR analyses demonstrated that Fe, Al, and Ca contained in the clay minerals of the soil played an important role in the adsorption of P onto soil from water level fluctuation zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While Bcl-2 protein is involved in the regulation of apoptosis, recent research showed that Beclin1, described as the essential autophagy effector and haploinsufficient tumor suppressor, was originally isolated as a Bcl-2 interacting protein. Beclin1 interacts with Bcl-2 through a BH3 domain; nevertheless, the function of the anti-apoptotic gene, Bcl-2, in autophagy is not well understood. We explored the role of Bcl-2 in autophagy in human SGC-7901 cells in which Bcl-2 is overexpressed. Knockdown of Bcl-2 by small interfering RNA in human SGC-7901 cells downregulated Bcl-2 protein levels ∼82% and induced autophagy. Beclin1 protein, the first identified autophagy gene product, was induced by as much as 58%. Transmission electron microscopy and DNA fragmentation assay showed that autophagy was enhanced, but not apoptosis, in Bcl-2 siRNA treated cells. The results provide evidence that knockout the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 induces autophagy in SGC-7901 cells and Bcl-2 specific siRNA may be used as a potential therapeutic strategy in gastric cancer cells that overexpress Bcl-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiconductor microcircular lasers have been investigated as potential light sources for photonic integrated circuits and optical interconnections for more than two decades. However, the direct modulation bandwidths of the circular microlasers remain a challenge, especially when being compared with other microlasers, such as photonic crystal lasers. In this paper, microcircular lasers connected to an output waveguide are investigated for high-speed direct modulation with optimized mode Q factors. Small signal modulation with a resonance frequency of fR = 12.5 GHz is realized for a AlGaInAs/InP circular microlaser with a radius of 10 µm at 290 K. Furthermore, clear eye diagrams are observed at 12.5 Gbit/s for a 15-µm radius circular microlaser with fR = 6.9 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. Surface water is an important dispersal vector for wetland plant species. However, most previous studies on hydrochory (i.e. water dispersal) have focused on ecosystems with relatively rapid water flow. Therefore, there is a need to study such dispersal in slow-flowing or stagnant waterbodies, such as drainage ditches, which might act as dispersal corridors between habitat patches. 2. To gain insight into the mechanisms by which seeds are transported in drainage ditches, the effect of the velocity of wind and water on the rate of transport of floating seeds of three wetland species ( Carex pseudocyperus L. , Iris pseudacorus L. and Sparganium erectum L.) was investigated. Furthermore, in release and retrace experiments with painted C. pseudocyperus seeds, a number of factors potentially determining the probability of seed deposition were investigated. 3. Net wind speed was found to be the main factor determining the rate at which seeds are transported in drainage ditches. No relation between water flow at middepth in the ditches and seed transport was found. Wind speed and flow at the water surface were positively related. The effect of wind speed on the rate of transport of floating seeds was greater for S. erectum seeds, because a greater ratio of their volume protrudes from the water, than for C. pseudocyperus and I. pseudacorus seeds. 4. The principal factors that determine seed deposition were aquatic plant cover, ditch slope and indentations in the ditch bank. Seeds changed direction if the wind direction changed, or if there was a bend in the ditch. The final pattern of deposition was related to mean net wind speed. Mean transport distance after 2 days varied between 34 and 451 m. 5. Unlike in rivers, seed transport in ditches was determined by wind speed and direction, enabling multidirectional seed dispersal. We conclude that in slow-flowing waters, wind is a more important driver for hydrochorous seed transport than the flow of water. This sheds a new light on hydrochory and has important consequences for the management of otherwise fragmented wetland remnants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Inflammation is a critical component of tumor progression. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) has been approved for potent anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, it was reported that LXA4 repressed the expression and activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is essential for invasion. However, there are few reports dealing with its effects on cancer. To explore whether LXA4 regulate invasion, the effects of LXA4 and its receptor agonist BML-111 on hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced invasion of hepatoma cells and the possible mechanisms were researched. Methods: Lipoxin A4 receptor (ALX) expression in HepG2 cells were measured through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Cytotoxicity of LXA4 and BML-111 to HepG2 cells was detected by MTT and (3H)-TdR incorporation assay. Cell migration and invasion assays were performed using a Boyden chemotaxis chamber. COX-2 expression was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. Moreover, the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, MMP-9, IκBα and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 were observed via western blot, and NF-κB transcriptional activity was tested by transfections and luciferase activities assay. Results: ALX expression was detected in HepG2 cells, and suitable concentrations of LXA4 and BML-111 had no cytotoxicity to cells. LXA4 and BML-111 inhibited HGF-induced migration and invasion; downregulated COX-2, MMP-2 and -9; restrained HGF-induced IκBα degradation, NF-κB translocation and the transcriptional activity of NF-κB in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, exogenous PGE2 could reverse the inhibitory effects of LXA4 also BML-111 on HGF-induced invasion and migration partially. Conclusion: LXA4 inhibited HGF-induced invasion of HepG2 cells through NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathway partially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An eight‐wavelength hybrid Si/AlGaInAs/InP microring laser array coupled with an underlying silicon waveguide has been fabricated based on the bonding technique, with the radii varying from 15 to 15.14 μm at a step of 20 nm and with a microring width of 2 μm. Continuous‐wave (CW) electrically injected operation is obtained at 280 K, with threshold currents of about 6 mA, channel spacing of about 2 nm and sidemode‐suppression ratios above 20 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper nanostructures have aroused extensive research interests due to their wide applications in electronics, catalysis, and photonics. Here, a novel strategy to fabricate copper nanoporous structures by illuminating electron beam on as‐prepared copper nitride thin films is reported. This electron beam‐based direct writing method provides a precise control of the nanoporous sites on substrates. Experimental results reveal significant surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for copper porous nanostructures compared with flat copper nitride thin films due to localized surface plasmon resonances supported at the nanopores. This work provides a maskless method to prepare copper nanoporous structures from copper nitride films and implies an efficient SERS platform for sensitive molecular diagnostics. A new strategy of fabricating copper nanoporous structures is investigated by illuminating electron beam on deposited copper nitride thin films. Nanoporous copper can be well controlled at desired sites by local decomposition using this maskless method. Proof‐of‐concept measurements reveal the ability for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering due to the localized surface plasmon resonances supported at the nanopores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a case of pericardial effusion in a 65-year-old woman with a history of lung cancer and endometrial cancer. The patient's pericardial effusion was initially suspected to be a metastasis of lung cancer, but the cell morphology did not support this diagnosis. Further examination revealed that the pericardial effusion was actually due to endometrial gastric-type carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. The article highlights the challenges in diagnosing large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and emphasizes the importance of considering multiple diagnoses in complex cases. [Extracted from the article]

A two‐port microdisk laser connected to two radial waveguides is investigated using two‐dimensional finite‐difference time‐domain methods for realising single transverse mode lasing with a heptagonal mode field distribution. Based on the experimental results, it is found that two‐port microdisk lasers at the proper angles are easier to realise single transverse mode lasing compared with the one‐port microdisk laser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on a study which reveals that green tea (GT) improves retinopathy and renal mitochondrial defects, but worsens collagen glycoxidation in diabetes. It is stated that three groups of streptozotocininduced diabetic Lewis rats were treated for 12 months with tap water and fresh Japanese GT extract. It was found that GT with vitamins C and E act against oxidative processes in diabetes, but these tend to deteriorate carbonyl stress in the extracellular matrix.

The differences in plaque histology between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients have been widely accepted. Whether there is a heterogeneity of cells between symptomatic and asymptomatic plaques remains largely unclear. To reveal the potential heterogeneity within different plaques, which may contribute to different stroke incidences, we obtained the scRNA-seq data from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and identified eight cell types present in plaques. Further analysis of endothelial cells (ECs) revealed three distinct EC subpopulations appeared to be endowed with specific biological functions such as antigen processing and presentation, cell adhesion, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Of note, the differentially expressed genes of the EC 2 subpopulation showed that the genes involved in cell adhesion were up-regulated in asymptomatic plaques compared to symptomatic plaques. Integrating the data of intraplaque haemorrhage and plaque stability, the 5th top-enriched biological process was cell adhesion in the stable or non-haemorrhaged plaques compared to unstable plaques or haemorrhaged plaques. Among these cell adhesion-related genes, the intersection gene AOC3 may play a vital role in plaque haemorrhage and plaque stability. Targeting cell adhesion and the specialized genes may provide potential new therapeutic directions to prevent asymptomatic patients from stroke., (© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? High titres of autoantibodies against the second extracellular loop of the β 1 -adrenergic receptor (β 1 -AAs) can be detected in the sera of patients with ventricular arrhythmias, but a causal relationship between β 1 -AAs and ventricular arrhythmias has not been established. What is the main finding and its importance? Monoclonal β 1 -AAs (β 1 -AR mAbs) were used in the experiments. We showed that β 1 -AR mAbs increased susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias and induced repolarization abnormalities. Antibody adsorption of β 1 -AAs will be a potential new therapeutic strategy for ventricular arrhythmias in patients with high titres of β 1 -AAs. High titres of autoantibodies against the second extracellular loop of the β 1 -adrenergic receptor (β 1 -AAs) can be detected in sera from patients with ventricular arrhythmias, but a causal relationship between β 1 -AAs and ventricular arrhythmias has not been established. In this work, ECGs of guinea-pigs and isolated guinea-pig hearts were recorded. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) were evoked by programmed electrical stimulation of the left ventricular epicardium of isolated guinea-pig hearts. The monophasic action potential and effective refractory period of the left ventricle were recorded in paced isolated guinea-pig hearts. Furthermore, to increase the specificity, monoclonal autoantibodies against the second extracellular loop of the β 1 -adrenergic receptor (β 1 -AR mAbs) were used in all experiments. The results showed that β 1 -AR mAbs induced premature ventricular contractions in guinea-pigs and isolated guinea-pig hearts. In addition, β 1 -AR mAbs decreased the threshold of VT/VF and prolonged the duration of VT/VF. Furthermore, β 1 -AR mAbs shortened the corrected QT interval and effective refractory period, and prolonged late-phase repolarization of the monophasic action potential (MAPD 90-30 ). These changes in electrophysiological parameters might be attributed, at least in part, to the arrhythmogenicity of β 1 -AR mAbs., (© 2016 The Authors. Experimental Physiology © 2016 The Physiological Society.)