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Nanozymes, nanomaterials exhibiting enzyme‐mimicking activities, have gained considerable interest in biomedicine due to their stability, adjustability, and cost‐efficiency. Among these, metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based nanozymes distinguish themselves by their distinct structure and customizable characteristics. Researchers have explored MOF‐based nanozymes as a platform for developing stimuli‐responsive behaviors. This work first presents the categorization of MOF‐based nanozymes, which are designed to mimic the catalytic functions of oxidases, peroxidases, catalase, superoxide dismutase, hydrolases, and multifunctional enzymes. Crafting MOF‐based nanozymes includes customizing their reactions to particular stimuli, including pH, temperature, light, or biomolecular triggers, ensuring enhanced specificity and potency in catalytic performance amid environmental changes. Moreover, these nanozymes exhibit immense potential in biomedical applications, playing crucial roles in therapeutic interventions like cancer therapy and tissue regeneration. Finally, the article delves into future opportunities and challenges within emerging research frontiers. These stimuli‐responsive MOF‐based nanozymes offer novel avenues for advanced therapeutic strategies, providing prospects for innovative biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Torreya grandis seed oil, with a feature of Δ5‐sciadonic acid (SA, 20:3 Δ5, 11, 14 ω‐6), is an attractive woody oil as its potential health benefits in lowering blood and hepatic lipids and anti‐inflammatory properties. In the present study, its oxidative stabilities at both room temperature and heating conditions were investigated by analysing oxidation stability index (OSI), shelf‐life, changes of fatty acids, acid value and peroxide value during stir‐frying tests. Also, its effects on the sensory qualities of stir‐fried shredded potatoes were evaluated. The OSI of T. grandis seed oil was 2.97 h at 120 °C, which was 11.24% higher than that of the control soybean oil, contributing to a longer predicted shelf‐life of 135–195 d for T. grandis seed oil than 127–180 d for soybean oil. T. grandis seed oil also exhibited superior thermal stability compared to soybean oil. The feature fatty acid, SA, only lost 2.48–5.73% (decreasing from 14.14 to 13.33–13.79%) under the optimised stir‐frying conditions at 140–180 °C for 3–5 min. For the stir‐frying shredded potatoes, T. grandis seed oil made it more pleasing in colour, odour and palatability. Due to its desirable oxidative stability at room temperature and stir‐frying performance at high temperature, T. grandis seed oil is suitable for use as a domestic cooking oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the clinical utility of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), we performed whole-genome sequencing to systematically examine plasma cfDNA copy number variations (CNVs) in a cohort of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC, n = 80), polyps (n = 20), and healthy controls (n = 35). We initially compared cfDNA yield in 20 paired serum--plasma samples and observed significantly higher cfDNA concentration in serum (median = 81.20 ng, range 7.18-500 ng⋅mL-1) than in plasma (median = 5.09 ng, range 3.76-62.8 ng⋅mL-1) (P < 0.0001). However, tumor-derived cfDNA content was significantly lower in serum than in matched plasma samples tested. With ~10 million reads per sample, the sequencing-based copy number analysis showed common CNVs in multiple chromosomal regions, including amplifications on 1q, 8q, and 5q and deletions on 1p, 4q, 8p, 17p, 18q, and 22q. Copy number changes were also evident in genes critical to the cell cycle, DNA repair, and WNT signaling pathways. To evaluate whether cumulative copy number changes were associated with tumor stages, we calculated plasma genomic abnormality in colon cancer (PGA-C) score by summing the most significant CNVs. The PGA-C score showed predictive performance with an area under the curve from 0.54 to 0.84 for CRC stages I-IV. Locus-specific copy number analysis identified nine genomic regions where CNVs were significantly associated with survival in stage III-IV CRC patients. A multivariate model using six of nine genomic regions demonstrated a significant association of high-risk score with shorter survival (HR = 5.33, 95% CI = 6.76-94.44, P < 0.0001). Our study demonstrates the importance of using plasma (rather than serum) to test tumor-related genomic variations. Plasma cfDNA-based tests can capture tumor-specific genetic changes and may provide a measurable classifier for assessing clinical outcomes in advanced CRC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

R5762 --> 484.10 --> Kras is one of the most frequently mutated genes in pancreatic cancer, with the G12D variant acting as a cancer driver mutation. Our previous work has integrated and defined gene networks induced by KrasG12D expression, particularly the expression of inflammatory gene clusters. Moreover, we observed that KrasG12D expression increases the overall protein levels of several histone marks, including H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K27me3, H3K9me3 and integrated data analysis correlated gene activation and silencing with the alteration of histone marks. Here we further consider KrasG12D‐driven changes in gene expression and hypothesize that G9a‐H3K9me2 may play an important role in the epigenomic regulation of this process. To investigate epigenomic mechanisms underlying KrasG12D‐induced gene expression networks, CUT&RUN technology was used to profile H3K4me3 (promoter), H3K9ac (promoter, enhancer), H3K27ac (enhancer, super‐enhancer), and H3K9me2 (silencer) histone marks at regulatory elements. We used a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM)‐derived inducible KrasG12D cell line and compared the epigenetic changes after 24hr of oncogene induction. Data was analyzed by using Sparse Enrichment Analysis for CUT&RUN (SEACR). At the genomic level, we found most H3K4me3 peaks (~90%) were close to a transcription start site (TSS), and the number of H3K4me3 peaks were reduced ~9x after KrasG12D activation. However, for the gene silencing mark, H3K9me2, >80% peaks were located at intronic or inter‐genetic regions, and the number of peaks were increased >5x with KrasG12D. For H3K9ac and H3K27ac histone marks, we observed more peaks at intronic or inter‐genetic regions than at the TSS, indicating the exchange of histone marks at enhancer, super‐enhancer and silenced regions may play an important role in KrasG12D‐induced gene expression changes. We next focused on histone modifications at regulatory elements of inflammatory gene clusters, such as IL11, CXCL9‐CXCL10‐CXCL11, and IL4‐IL13 gene clusters. We further correlated epigenetic modifications with our gene expression data and found that the H3K4me3, H3K9ac, and H3K27ac, and H3K9me2 histone mark pathways are involved in the regulation of these inflammatory genes. Notably, these pathways are both, critical for pancreatic cancer development and potentially druggable, and therefore, these results bear both mechanistic and biomedical relevance to pancreatic carcinogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research used different 100 kPa O2 pretreatments time (0, 2, 4, and 6 hr) to investigate their effects on qualities of fresh‐cut "Red Fuji" apples during cold storage. Fresh‐cut apples were dipped in acid solution (composed of 1.53% ascorbic acid, 1.10% citric acid, and 0.51% CaCl2) for 15 min and 5 g/L carboxymethylcellulose sodium edible coating (composed of 0.5% CMC, 0.01% Natamycin, and 0.015% Nisin) for 5 min. Then the slices were exposed to 100 kPa O2 for different time before being vacuumed in polyethylene bags. The results showed that pretreatment with 100 kPa O2 inhibited the surface browning, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde. Moreover, 100 kPa O2 pretreatment for 4 hr was more effective than other pretreatments time. Intact tissue structure and fewest molds and yeast count during 90 days of storage were also observed in pretreated for 4 hr samples during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, tannic acid (TA), a natural antioxidant, is successfully encapsulated into a plant‐based guar gum fibrous mat by electrospinning without using an organic solvent. An upper threshold of 10 wt% TA (based on the dry weight of guar gum [GG]) and 2 wt% guar gum is the optimum composition to achieve a defect‐free structure through electrospinning. The obtained nanofibers have a mean diameter of 96 ± 22 nm. The effect of the encapsulated TA in the fibrous mat (200 ppm) on the oxidation of unrefined flaxseed oil (FO) is investigated over 30 days of storage at an elevated temperature (60 °C) and compared with the effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a synthetic antioxidant, and non‐encapsulated TA at the same concentrations. Changes in the fatty acid composition, the conjugated diene content, the peroxide value, the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the p‐anisidine content are monitored as indicators of the oxidative stability. The TA fibrous mat exhibits different inhibitory effects on the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and is more effective than non‐encapsulated TA and BHT in reducing the rate of primary oxidation and secondary oxidation of FO as evaluated by all the oxidation indicators except the TBARS values for which BHT displays the greatest inhibition. Overall, the results demonstrate that the encapsulation of natural antioxidants into fibrous mats could potentially be used to preserve edible oils. Practical Applications: This is the first paper using plant‐based fibrous mats encapsulating natural antioxidant to improve the oxidative of flaxseed oil (FO) during storage. Compared with macro Tannic acid (TA), encapsulating TA in nano‐scale delivery system is more effective in delaying both the primary and secondary oxidation reactions of FO throughout the entire storage time. The results demonstrate that encapsulation of TA in fibrous mat could be potentially used to preserve oil. The formation of this nanofiber mat in this system is manufactured without using any synthetic chemicals. The plant‐derived components (GG and TA) are both recognized as safe by FDA and even edible. It can be directly added to crude oil systems during oilseed refining processing or used as coating material to fix on the surface of existing packaging bottle in order to prevent edible oil from oxidation, which would be beneficial in oil preservation and other related fields. This is the first paper using plant‐based nanoscale delivery system encapsulating natural antioxidant to improve the oxidative of flaxseed oil during storage. The plant‐derived components (guar gum and tannic acid) are both recognized as safe by FDA and even edible. The simple preparation process, effectiveness, and food‐grade functionality provide a novel alternative to synthetic antioxidants to protect edible oil from oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]