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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess right atrial (RA) function, including RA phase strain, via speckle‐tracking echocardiography (STE) in a cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and in particular to explore the relationship between RA phase strain and the occurrence of cardiovascular events. Methods: STE analyses of RA function were evaluated in patients with SLE‐PAH and in 33 healthy control subjects. Clinical associations, serum biomarkers, echocardiographic data, survival times, and adverse cardiovascular events were evaluated. Results: A total of 66 patients with SLE‐PAH were enrolled; they were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of adverse clinical events. RA phase strain was significantly reduced in patients with events than in patients without events. The endpoint was defined as the combined outcome of all‐cause mortality, right heart failure, and rehospitalization due to disease progression. During a mean follow‐up of 17.2 ± 9.9 months, 23 patients (35%) reached the endpoint. Compared with patients with RA reservoir strain (RASr) ≥33.45%, patients with RASr < 33.45% had more adverse long‐term outcomes (log rank p <.0001). RASr was independently associated with adverse clinical outcomes according to multivariate analysis (p =.010). Conclusion: Our data suggest that RA function has prognostic value for SLE‐PAH patients, and strain analysis revealed that the worse the RA function is, the worse the prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Cockroaches are widely acknowledged as significant vectors of pathogenic microorganisms. The Periplaneta fuliginosa densovirus (PfDNV) infects the smoky‐brown cockroach P. fuliginosa and causes host mortality, which identifies the PfDNV as a species‐specific and environmentally friendly biopesticide. However, although the biochemical characterization of PfDNV has been extensively studied, the immune response against PfDNV remains largely unclear. RESULTS: Here, we investigated the replication of PfDNV and its associated pathological phenotype in the foregut and hindgut. Consequently, we dissected and performed transcriptome sequencing on the foregut, midgut, and hindgut separately. We revealed the up‐regulation of immune response signaling pathway c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and apoptosis in response to viral infection. Furthermore, knockdown of the JNK upstream gene Ben resulted in a decrease in virus titer and delayed host mortality. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our findings provide evidence that the Ben‐JNK signaling plays a crucial role in PfDNV infection, leading to excessive apoptosis in intestinal tissues and ultimately resulting in the death of the host. Our results indicated that the host response to PfDNV fosters viral infection, thereby increasing host lethality. This underscores the potential of PfDNV as a viable, environmentally friendly biopesticide. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common neurological complication in elderly patients after anesthesia/surgery. The main purpose of this study is to explore the effect of circRNA‐targeted miRNA regulating SIRT3 on mitochondrial function through ceRNA mechanism under the surgical model of tibial fracture and to further explore the potential mechanism of postoperative delirium mediated by circRNA, so as to provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and prevention of POD. Methods: The surgical model of tibial fracture under sevoflurane anesthesia caused acute delirium‐like behavior in elderly mice. We observed that the decrease of SIRT3 and mitochondrial dysfunction was related to POD, and miRNA and circRNA (circRNA_34414) related to SIRT3 were further studied. Through luciferase and RAP, we observed that circRNA_34414, as a miRNA sponge, was involved in the regulation of SIRT3 expression. Results: Postoperative delirium in elderly mice showed decreased expression of hippocampal circRNA_34414, increased expression of miR‐6960‐5p, decreased expression of SIRT3, and impaired mitochondrial membrane potential. Overexpression of circRNA_34414, or knockdown of miR‐6960‐5p, or overexpression of SIRT3 in hippocampal CA1 glutamatergic neurons significantly upregulated hippocampal SIRT3 expression, increased mitochondrial membrane potential levels, and significantly ameliorated postoperative delirium in aged mice; CircRNA_34414 ameliorates postoperative delirium in mice, possibly by targeting miR‐6960‐5p to upregulate SIRT3. Conclusions: CircRNA_34414 is involved in the improvement of postoperative delirium induced by anesthesia/surgery by upregulating SIRT3 via sponging miR‐6960‐5p. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing effective strategy to passivate surface defects in quantum dots (QDs) is critical to achieving high‐efficiency and long‐life perovskite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Here, the supramolecular interaction underpinning of organic‐inorganic components is exploited and a facile method is proposed to generate multiple‐hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular‐perovskite crystal structures on QD surfaces by introducing O‐Tolylbiguanide (O‐Tg) during QD synthesis, enabling bright, conductive, and water‐resistant CsPbI3 QDs. Compared with commonly used oleic acid and oleylamine ligands, the biguanide functional group in O‐Tg not only forms multiple hydrogen bond interactions with lead halide octahedra passivating both bridging‐ and terminal‐halogen ion defects, but also compatibly occupies the A‐site position stabilizing the crystal structure simultaneously. With fewer nonradiative defects and introduced hydrophobic benzene rings preventing eroding of polar molecules, CsPbI3 QDs exhibit remarkable photoluminescence quantum yields of 96%, and their film can be submerged in water for 30 h without degrading. The corresponding LEDs display a high external quantum efficiency (21.2%) and offer superior operational stability with a lifetime (T90) of 25 h at a constant current density as high as 50 mA cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrahigh‐dimensional data analysis has received great achievement in recent years. When the data are stored in multiple clients and the clients can be connected only with each other through a network structure, the implementation of ultrahigh‐dimensional analysis can be numerically challenging or even infeasible. In this work, we study decentralised federated learning for ultrahigh‐dimensional data analysis, where the parameters of interest are estimated via a large amount of devices without data sharing by a network structure. In the local machines, each parallel runs gradient ascent to obtain estimators via the sparsity‐restricted constrained methods. Also, we obtain a global model by aggregating each machine's information via an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) using a concave pairwise fusion penalty between different machines through a network structure. The proposed method can mitigate privacy risks from traditional machine learning, recover the sparsity and provide estimates of all regression coefficients simultaneously. Under mild conditions, we show the convergence and estimation consistency of our method. The promising performance of the method is supported by both simulated and real data examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipid homeostasis is crucial for growth and development of organisms. Several cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) are involved in lipid metabolism. The function of Cyp311a1 in the anterior midgut as a regulator of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster has been demonstrated, as depletion of Cyp311a1 caused larval growth arrest that was partially rescued by supplying PE. In this study, we investigated the role of CYP311A1 in wing morphogenesis in Drosophila. Using the GAL4‐UAS system, Cyp311a1 was selectively knocked down in the wing disc. A deformed wing phenotype was observed in flies with reduced Cyp311a1 transcripts. BODIPY and oil red O staining revealed a reduction of neutral lipids in the wing disc after the depletion of Cyp311a1. In addition, we observed an enhanced sensitivity to Eosin Y penetration in the wings of Cyp311a1 knocked‐down flies. Moreover, the reduction of CYP311A1 function in developing wings does not affect cell proliferation and apoptosis, but entails disordered Phalloidin or Cadherin distribution, suggesting an abnormal cell morphology and cell cortex structure in wing epithelial cells. Taken together, our results suggest that Cyp311a1 is needed for wing morphogenesis by participating in lipid assembly and cell homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Eight new guaiane‐type sesquiterpenoid trimers, artemsieverolactones A—H, possessing unprecedented scaffolds via biocatalyzed [4+2] Diels−Alder cycloaddition reactions were identified from Artemisia sieversiana. Their structures were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic data, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses, and ECD calculations. In terms of structure, artemsieverolactones A—H are first examples of sesquiterpenoid trimers from guaiane‐type sesquiterpenoid through four different [4+2] Diels−Alder cycloaddition models. Antihepatic fibrosis assay suggested that five compounds exhibited activity against HSC‐LX2 with IC50 values ranging from 37.8 to 117.1 μmol/L. The most active artemsieverolactone B (2) displayed significant inhibitory activity against HSC‐LX2 with IC50 value of 37.8 μmol/L, which was 3 times more active than the positive drug silybin (IC50, 139.7 μmol/L). Preliminary mechanism study revealed that artemsieverolactone B could inhibit the deposition of human collagen type I (Col I), human hyaluronic acid (HA), and human laminin (HL) with IC50 values of 40.4 μmol/L (Col I), 55.1 μmol/L (HL), 47.3 μmol/L (HA), which was 2 to 3‐fold more potent than silybin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies have been shown to recognize post‐ischemic neoepitopes following reperfusion of tissues and to activate complement. Specifically, IgM antibodies and complement have been shown to drive hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Herein, we investigate the therapeutic effect of C2 scFv (single‐chain antibody construct with specificity of a natural IgM antibody) on hepatic IRI in C57BL/6 mice. Compared with PBS‐treated mice, C2 scFv‐treated mice displayed almost no necrotic areas, significant reduction in serum ALT, AST and LDH levels, and significantly reduced in the number of TUNEL positive cells. Moreover, C2 scFv‐treated mice exhibited a notable reduction in inflammatory cells after hepatic IRI than PBS‐treated mice. The serum IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α and MPC‐1 levels were also severely suppressed by C2 scFv. Interestingly, C2 scFv reconstituted hepatic inflammation and IRI in Rag1−/− mice. We found that C2 scFv promoted hepatic cell death and increased inflammatory cytokines and infiltration of inflammatory cells after hepatic IRI in Rag1−/− mice. In addition, IgM and complement 3d (C3d) were deposited in WT mice and in Rag1−/− mice reconstituted with C2 scFv, indicating that C2 scFv can affect IgM binding and complement activation and reconstitute hepatic IRI. C3d expression was significantly lower in C57BL/6 mice treated with C2 scFv compared to PBS, indicating that excessive exogenous C2 scFv inhibited complement activation. These data suggest that C2 scFv alleviates hepatic IRI by blocking complement activation, and treatment with C2 scFv may be a promising therapy for hepatic IRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). In this study we aimed to explore the causal association between physical activity or sedentary behavior and the risk of FD and IBS. Methods: Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed. Candidate genetic instruments for physical activity and sedentary behavior were retrieved from the latest published Genome‐Wide Association Study (GWAS), which included up to 703 901 participants. Summary‐level GWAS data for FD (8 875 cases and 320 387 controls) and IBS (9 323 cases and 301 931 controls) were obtained from the FinnGen study. The causal effects were mainly estimated by inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Sensitivity analyses were implemented with Cochran's Q test, MR‐Egger intercept test, leave‐one‐out analysis, and the funnel plot. Results: No significant association of moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), leisure screen time (LST), sedentary behavior at work (SDW), and sedentary commuting (SDC) with the risk of FD was found. However, there was a suggestive correlation between MVPA and the decreased risk of FD (odds ratio [OR] 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39–0.99, P = 0.047). Genetically predicted MVPA decreased the risk of IBS (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.40–0.84, P = 0.004), while increased LST was positively associated with IBS risk (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.15–1.53, P < 0.001). No causal effects of SDW or SDC on IBS risk were observed. Conclusion: MVPA and LST are causally linked to the development of IBS, which will facilitate primary prevention of IBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Multivariate compound heatwaves (MCHWs) present a significant risk to human health and ecological diversity, which attract widespread attention from researchers and society. The intensity and variability of summer MCHWs over Western Europe (WE) (MCHWs_WE) have substantially increased over the last two decades. The growing chance of such events is likely related to human activity‐induced climate change. However, the possible contributions from multiple atmospheric boundary forcing remain unclear. This study investigates the combined effects of North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST), Tibetan Plateau (TP) snow cover (SC), and Arctic sea ice (SIC) on the variability of extreme summer MCHWs_WE. Observational analysis shows that an intensified anticyclonic system prevailing over WE, one of the centers of an atmospheric wave train dominating the North Atlantic‐Europe sector and persists from late spring to summer, is the essential system contributing to the extreme MCHWs_WE. Spring North Atlantic SST anomalies in the form of a dipole pattern persist from spring to summer and contribute to the summer extreme MCHWs_WE by exciting a downward propagating Rossby wave train pattern. Additionally, excessive late spring SC over the western TP and SIC over the Arctic, which are stimulated by the North Atlantic anomalous SST‐related wave train, can intensify the MCHWs_WE‐related anticyclonic system through vertical circulation and wave energy transport. The study further quantifies the relative contributions of the aforementioned factors. The findings of this study could potentially offer valuable insights for improving the prediction skill of summer extreme MCHWs_WE. Plain Language Summary: Western Europe (WE) has faced more and more multivariate compound heatwaves (MCHWs) during summer in recent decades, which pose a greater human health risk than univariate heatwaves. In this study, Our study identifies MCHWs in WE as being characterized by high temperatures and humidity, mainly influenced by a strong anticyclonic high pressure system. Furthermore, the strengthening of the MCHWs_WE‐related anticyclone is a consequence of the combined impacts of preceding North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST), Tibetan Plateau (TP) snow cover (SC), and Arctic sea ice (SIC). Spring positive dipole pattern of North Atlantic SST anomalies, exhibiting persistence from spring to summer, excite downward propagating Rossby waves. There wave trains from the Atlantic to Eurasia serve as a background field that enhances the linkage between SIC, TPSC, and the MCHWs_WE‐related anticyclonic system. These factors ultimately contribute to the strengthening of anticyclones over West Eurasia (WE) through vertical circulation and wave energy transport, which jointly impact MCHWs_WE. Key Points: Multivariate Compound heatwaves in Western Europe (MCHWs_WE) become more frequent in recent decades, which are linked to intensified anticyclonic systemThe development of the anticyclone over WE is associated with the dipole pattern of North Atlantic sea surface temperature, excess Tibetan Plateau snow cover and Arctic sea iceCombined effects of multiple forcing factors can account for approximately 40% of the variability in summer MCHWs_WE [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) updated the 95‐95‐95 targets for the HIV endgame in 2030. To achieve the first target in a timely manner, we investigate the optimized strategy of resource allocation to maximize timely HIV diagnosis in 14 populations in China. Methods: We developed a mathematical model by integrating epidemiological, demographical and behavioural data from 12 high‐risk and two general populations to evaluate the impact of various resource allocation strategies of HIV testing on HIV incidence in China. We identified the optimized allocation strategy that maximizes the number of HIV diagnoses at an estimated total spending on HIV tests in China and calculated the per‐capita cost of new HIV case detection. Results: We estimated that 144,795 new HIV cases may occur annually in 14 populations in China, with a total annual spending of US$2.8 billion on HIV testing. The largest proportion of spending was allocated to general males (44.0%), followed by general females (42.6%) and pregnant women (5.1%). Despite this allocation strategy, only 45.5% (65,867/144,795, timely diagnosis rate) of annual new infections were diagnosed within a year of acquisition, with a cost of $42,852 required for each new HIV case detection. By optimizing the allocation of HIV testing resources within the same spending amount, we found that general females received the highest proportion of spending allocation (45.1%), followed by low‐risk men who have sex with men (13.9%) and pregnant women (8.4%). In contrast, the proportion of spending allocation for the general males decreased to 0.2%. With this optimized strategy, we estimated that 120,755 (83.4%) of annual new infections would be diagnosed within a year of acquisition, with the cost required for one HIV case detection reduced to $23,364/case. Further spending increases could allow for significant increases in HIV testing among lower‐risk populations. Conclusions: Optimizing resource allocation for HIV testing in high‐risk populations would improve HIV timely diagnosis rate of new infections and reduce cost per HIV case detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: High‐frequency QRS (HF‐QRS) manifests as a novel adjunct electrocardiographic marker with potential utility in coronary artery disease (CAD) detection. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that HF‐QRS analysis may be superior to conventional ST‐segment analysis in detecting CAD, and the combination of these two analyses in the exercise stress test may enhance the diagnostic efficacy for CAD. Methods: The study incorporated a sample of 157 patients (mean age 62 ± $\pm $ 9 years) referred for nonemergent angiography. Before angiography, patients underwent exercise stress testing utilizing an upright bicycle. High‐resolution electrocardiogram (ECG) data were collected during the exercise test, facilitating both HF‐QRS and conventional ST‐segment analyses. The diagnostic efficacy of HF‐QRS and ST‐segment analysis were compared, utilizing angiographic outcomes as the gold standard. The study design integrated HF‐QRS analysis and ST‐segment analysis via sequential and concurrent testing protocols. Results: In terms of CAD detection, HF‐QRS analysis displayed superior sensitivity compared to conventional ST‐segment analysis (63% vs. 37%, p =.002). The serial test significantly increased specificity from 79% to 97% (p =.002) compared to ST‐deviation analysis alone. It showed a markedly low sensitivity of 26%. The parallel test significantly increased sensitivity from 37% to 77% (p <.001), while retaining a moderate level of specificity of 51%. The quantity of ECG leads exhibiting a positive HF‐QRS response demonstrated a correlation with the severity of CAD (p <.001). Conclusions: HF‐QRS analysis exhibited superior sensitivity in detecting angiographically confirmed CAD relative to conventional ST‐segment analysis. Moreover, the combination of HF‐QRS and ST‐segment alterations during exercise stress test enhanced the diagnostic efficacy for CAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to explore the geographic differences in psychological symptoms, sleep quality, and quality of life (QoL) among adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: A unified questionnaire was developed to collect data on psychological status and QoL of IBD patients from 42 hospitals across 22 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China's mainland from September 2021 to May 2022. Results: A total of 2478 patients with IBD were surveyed. The proportions of patients with anxiety (28.5% vs 23.1%), depression (32.3% vs 27.8%), and poor QoL (44.8% vs 32.2%) were significantly higher in patients from the northern region compared to the southern region (all P < 0.05). In the western region, the proportions of patients with anxiety (31.9% vs 23.0%), depression (37.7% vs 26.7%), sleep disturbances (64.5% vs 58.5%), and poor QoL (44.9% vs 34.8%) were significantly higher than in the eastern and central regions (all P < 0.01). Patients from inland regions had significantly higher rates of anxiety (27.1% vs 23.3%), depression (32.5% vs 26.0%), sleep disturbance (62.0% vs 57.7%), and poor QoL (43.5% vs 29.9%) compared to those from coastal regions (all P < 0.05). In economically underdeveloped areas, the proportions of patients with depression (33.1% vs 28.5%) and poor QoL (52.0% vs 32.4%) were significantly higher than in economically (relatively) developed areas (both P < 0.05). Conclusion: There are significant geographic differences in psychological symptoms, sleep quality, and QoL among Chinese patients with IBD, which might provide valuable insights for global IBD research and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Repeated exposure to ketamine during the neonatal period in mice leads to cognitive impairments in adulthood. These impairments are likely caused by synaptic plasticity and excitability damage. We investigated the precise role of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the cognitive impairments induced by repeated ketamine exposure during the neonatal period. Methods: We evaluated the cognitive function of mice using the Morris water maze test and novel object recognition test. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to detect the protein levels of BDNF. Western blotting, Golgi‐Cox staining, transmission electron microscopy, and long‐term potentiation (LTP) recordings were used to assess synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. The excitability of neurons was evaluated using c‐Fos. In the intervention experiment, pAdeno‐CaMKIIα‐BDNF‐mNeuronGreen was injected into the hippocampal CA1 region of mice to increase the level of BDNF. The excitability of neurons was enhanced using a chemogenetic approach. Results: Our findings suggest that cognitive impairments in mice repeatedly exposed to ketamine during the neonatal period are associated with downregulated BDNF protein level, synaptic plasticity damage, and decreased excitability of glutamatergic neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region. Furthermore, the specific upregulation of BDNF in glutamatergic neurons of the hippocampal CA1 region and the enhancement of excitability can improve impaired synaptic plasticity and cognitive function in mice. Conclusion: BDNF downregulation mediates synaptic plasticity and excitability damage, leading to cognitive impairments in adulthood following repeated ketamine exposure during the neonatal period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Cognitive dysfunction associated with chronic pain may be caused by impaired synaptic plasticity. Considering the impact of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) on synaptic plasticity, we explored the exact role of SIRT1 in cognitive impairment caused by chronic pain. Methods: We evaluated the memory ability of mice with the fear conditioning test (FCT) after spared nerve injury (SNI) model. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the expression levels of SIRT1. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity was detected with Golgi staining, transmission electron microscopy, and long‐term potentiation (LTP). In the intervention study, AAV9‐CaMKIIα‐Cre‐EGFP was injected to SIRT1flox/flox mice to knockdown the expression levels of SIRT1. Besides, SNI mice were injected with AAV2/9‐CaMKIIα‐SIRT1‐3*Flag‐GFP or SRT1720 to increase the expression levels or enzymatic activity of SIRT1. Results: Our current results indicated that cognitive function in SNI mice was impaired, SIRT1 expression in glutaminergic neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area was downregulated, and synaptic plasticity was altered. Selective knockdown of SIRT1 in hippocampus damaged synaptic plasticity and cognitive function of healthy mice. In addition, the impaired synaptic plasticity and cognitive dysfunction of SNI mice could be improved by the upregulation of SIRT1 expression or enzyme activity. Conclusions: Reduced SIRT1 expression in hippocampus of SNI mice may induce cognitive impairment associated with chronic pain by mediating the impaired synaptic plasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dearomatization of quinoline/isoquinoline quaternary ammonium salts to synthesize valuable tetrahydroquinolines was firstly reported. Under this method, we used phenylsilane as a reducing agent to prepare a series of tetrahydroquinoline and tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives conveniently and quickly in moderate to good yields. This method showed good functional group tolerance, wide substrate range, mild reaction conditions and simple operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insect halteres, as specialised hind wings, play an important role during aerial manoeuvres. In Drosophila, halteres and wings are homologous appendages with different morphology. Previous studies have focused on the metamorphosis of halteres, while current knowledge about its cell lineage and regional compartmentalization is still limited. In this study, we performed cell‐lineage tracing of canonical landmark signals in halteres and present a simple model for haltere development. Cell lineage tracing in wings was used as a reference. The nub showed wing‐like expressions in halteres, whereas hth and pnr exhibited different expressions in adult wings and halteres. The lineage tracing revealed that the pouch region gives rise to end‐bulb, and hinge cells contribute to proximal haltere formation. Moreover, we demonstrated that twi‐expressing cells participate in the cell population of the distal end‐bulb. Haematoxylin and eosin staining indicated that muscle cells were present at the distal end‐bulb. These results indicated that adult halteres displayed unique cell lineage patterns and the muscle cells are important components of end‐bulbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of digital immigrants using new technologies such as smartphones is rapidly increasing. However, digital immigrants still struggle to actually use and benefit from digital technology. This article examines the role of family support in digital immigrants' use of more smartphone functions based on information technology (IT) identity theory. We surveyed 241 digital immigrants who owned smartphones and used structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) for analysis. We examined the contributing roles of family support for digital immigrants' IT identity and extended use behavior. Family cognitive and emotional support can shape IT identity by improving the smartphone‐related experience. Family support has a positive impact on digital immigrants' self‐efficacy, embeddedness, perceived usefulness, and perceived enjoyment of using a smartphone. Positive usage experience can also facilitate the establishment of IT identity, which is a key predictor of smartphone use behavior. A strong IT identity also promotes extended use behavior. We discuss the contributions and implications of our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The year‐to‐year fluctuation and total amount of spring precipitation over the Tarim Basin (TB) (SPTB) have both significantly increased after 1985. The data are then divided into two subperiods, that is, 1961–1985 (P1) and 1986–2020 (P2), and the contributions from various climate factors, including the North Atlantic and Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures (SSTs), as well as from Tibetan Plateau (TP) snow, to the interdecadal changes from P1 to P2 are examined. In P1, the SPTB‐related atmospheric circulation anomalies display a zonal wave‐like pattern dominating the middle–high North Atlantic‐Eurasian continent. In contrast, in P2, the SPTB‐related atmospheric circulation anomalies feature a meridional tripole pattern prevailing over the North Atlantic and western Europe. The observational analysis indicates that abnormally low pressure in the north and high pressure in the southwest of the TB are the key atmospheric systems that influence moisture transportation to the Tarim Basin and consequently impact the variability of the SPTB. The anomalous SSTs in the North Atlantic and Indian Ocean play a significant role in inducing changes in the SPTB by regulating the moisture transport pathway in the vicinity of the TB. In P1, the SSTs in both the North Atlantic and the tropical Indian Ocean contribute to the SPTB mainly in the periphery of the TB, while in P2, they contribute to the SPTB in most of the TB. In addition, the snow cover over TP also contributes to the SPTB changes. Distinguished from the effects of oceanic SST, the TP snow primarily influences the variability of the SPTB within the central region of the TP during P1 and around the periphery of the TP during P2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigates the possible future changes and impacts in spatiotemporal variation and regional features of multivariate compound heatwaves (CHWs) in China using the latest Universal Thermal Climate Index from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 simulations (CMIP6). Results indicate both strong CHWs and extremely threatening CHWs in China are projected to increase substantially in both frequency and spatial extent under different future climate scenarios while with discernible regional disparities. The more severe global warming is, and the greater the extremity of the heatwave events is, the faster the increase in CHWs is. These findings are derived from the CMIP6 projections calibrated using the robust empirical quantiles method. Climate change causes more areas and people to be exposed to CHWs. Notably, the population exposure to dangerous CHWs will increase significantly in northwest China and will appear in northeast China after the mid‐21st century under the high emission scenario. Plain Language Summary: Extreme multivariate compound heatwaves (CHWs) may have devastating impacts on human health and have attracted significant societal attention. We explored the possible future changes in dangerous multivariate CHWs in China based on the latest Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 simulations (CMIP6) project. Results show that the CMIP6 UTCI in China has a warm bias compared to the observations. A nonparametric quantile mapping using a robust empirical quantiles method is employed which can effectively correct this bias and is used to constrain future CMIP6 projections to reduce uncertainties. Two categories of dangerous CHWs are investigated in the current work, that is, strong compound heatwaves and extremely threatening CHWs. Results indicate an expected acceleration in the rate of CHWs and population exposure after the mid‐21st century, primarily driven by climate changes. Moreover, the rate of acceleration is found to be more pronounced for CHWs of higher extremities and in the context of the increased severity of global warming. Additionally, population exposure to extremely threatening CHWs will increase significantly not only in southeastern China but also in northwestern and northeastern regions. Our study highlights the critical importance of mitigating climate change to minimize the threat posed by dangerous CHWs to human populations. Key Points: A nonparametric quantile mapping method can effectively correct the warm bias in the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 simulations Universal Thermal Climate Index in ChinaThe increasing rate of compound heatwaves (CHWs) in China will accelerate with the increase in the event extremity and severity of warmingPopulation exposure to CHWs will increase significantly in northwest and northeast China in a warmer world [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcriptomic analysis has been widely used in comparative experiments to uncover biological mechanisms in various species. However, a simple tool is still lacking to optimize and integrate the features from multiple R packages. In this study, we developed TOmicsVis (Transcriptomics Visualization) (CRAN: https://cran.r-project.org/package=TOmicsVis, v2.0.0), an R package that provides a comprehensive solution for transcriptomics analysis and visualization. It utilizes 46 R packages to design 40 suitable functions for the streamlined analysis of multigroup transcriptomic projects, which covers six main categories: Sample Statistics, Traits Analysis, Differential Expression, Advanced Analysis, GO and KEGG Enrichment, and Table Operation. TOmicsVis can be performed either locally or online (https://shiny.hiplot.cn/tomicsvis-shiny/), which provides significant convenience for researchers without coding training. These user‐friendly visualization functions and built‐in analysis capabilities enable researchers to monitor experimental data dynamics promptly and explore transcriptomics data quickly. Highlights: Transcriptomics Visualization (TOmicsVis) package provides a one‐stop analysis and visualization pipeline for two or more groups of transcriptomics projects, with multigrouped example data sets.TOmicsVis offers a local run function for Shinyapp and an online interface analysis service, providing significant convenience for researchers without coding abilities.TOmicsVis integrates advanced analysis and visualization methods such as gene expression trend analysis, gene clustering analysis, and weighted gene co‐expression network analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Artemiprincepsolides A—F (1—6) were isolated from Artemisia princeps guided by bioactivity and elucidated by comprehensive spectral data and ECD calculation. Compounds 1—3 represented the first connecting model of germacrane‐guaiane hetero‐dimeric adducts, and compounds 4—6 were eudesmane‐guaiane hetero‐coupled sesquiterpenoid dimers, meanwhile, all these were presumably formed by Diels‐Alder cycloaddition. Compounds 1—6 were evaluated for their hepatomatic cytotoxicity on three hepatoma cell lines, and demonstrated cytotoxicity with IC50 values in the range of 5.0—67.3 μmol/L. Interestingly, compound 1 manifested significant cytotoxicity against HepG2, Huh7, and SK‐Hep‐1 cells with IC50 values of 9.9, 9.2, and 5.0 μmol/L, which were almost equivalent to the positive control, sorafenib. Flow cytometry data and Western blot assays revealed the most active compound 1 dose‐dependently inhibited cell migration and invasion, and significantly induced HepG2 cells arrest in G2/M phase by downregulating proteins pcdc2 and upregulating the level of protein CyclinB1; and induced apoptosis by downregulating of Bcl‐2 expression and upregulating Bax level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: 17 new guaiane‐type sesquiterpenoid dimers (GSDs), artemzhongdianolides B1—B17 (1—17), were isolated from Artemisia zhongdianensis under the guidance of bioassay, and elucidated by spectral analyses (HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, IR, ECD). The absolute configuration of compounds 1, 3, 7, 9, 10, and 13 was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. Structurally, artemzhongdianolides B1 (1) and B2 (2) were the first example of the GSDs fused via a C‐13/C‐13' single bond, and artemzhongdianolides B3—B17 were [4 + 2] Diels–Alder adducts of two monomeric guaianolides. Most of the compounds showed antihepatoma cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging from 9.9 to 170.1 μmol/L. Importantly, artemzhongdianolide B9 (9) was the most active one against three hepatoma cell lines with IC50 values of 13.1 μmol/L (HepG2), 19.5 μmol/L (Huh7), and 19.5 μmol/L (SK‐Hep‐1), and dose‐dependently inhibited cell migration and invasion, induced G1 cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Compound 9 might suppress HepG2 cells via affecting the p38MAPK signaling pathway suggested by machine learning approach, and significantly upregulated expression of phosphorylated p38 validated by Western blot assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comprehensive assessment for the small‐signal voltage stability of voltage source converter (VSC)‐HVDC systems supplying industrial loads represented by the induction motors (IMs) and provides a stability enhancement control for the VSCs. First, the steady‐state voltage stability is analysed to seek the factors that affect the existence of the stable equilibrium point. Then, the small‐signal voltage stability analysis is performed based on the developed linear model. Eigenvalue analysis is carried out to capture the critical factors that induce instability phenomena correlative to the system voltage. It demonstrates that decreasing either the proportional gain K of the VSC's PI controller or the electrical distance between the VSC and IM is detrimental to voltage stability. Next, the enhancement control strategy is elaborated. It adopts virtual reactance and virtual admittance control for the VSC to improve the voltage control capability. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed enhancement control are validated via time‐domain simulations in a multi‐IM system supplied by VSC‐HVDC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a prevalent condition associated with numerous critical clinical conditions. miR‐322 has been implicated in MIRI through poorly understood mechanisms. Our preliminary analysis indicated potential interaction of CREB‐binding protein (CBP), a transcriptional coactivator and acetyltransferase, with HIF‐1α/β‐catenin, which might regulate miR‐322 expression. We, therefore, hypothesized that CBP/HIF‐1α/β‐catenin/miR‐322 axis might play a role in MIRI. Rat cardiomyocytes subjected to oxygen‐glucose deprivation /reperfusion (OGD/R) and Langendorff perfused heart model were used to model MIRI in vitro and in vivo, respectively. We used various techniques such as CCK‐8 assay, transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining, western blotting, RT‐qPCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), dual‐luciferase assay, co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP), hematoxylin and eosin staining, and TTC staining to assess cell viability, apoptosis, and the levels of CBP, HIF‐1α, β‐catenin, miR‐322, and acetylation. Our results indicate that OGD/R in cardiomyocytes decreased CBP/HIF‐1α/β‐catenin/miR‐322 expression, increased cell apoptosis and cytokines, and reduced cell viability. However, overexpression of CBP or miR‐322 suppressed OGD/R‐induced cell injury, while knockdown of HIF‐1α/β‐catenin further exacerbated the damage. HIF‐1α/β‐catenin bound to miR‐322 promoter to promote its expression, while CBP acetylated HIF‐1α/β‐catenin for stabilization. Overexpression of CBP attenuated MIRI in rats by acetylating HIF‐1α/β‐catenin to stabilize their expression, resulting in stronger binding of HIF‐1α/β‐catenin with the miR‐322 promoter and subsequent increased miR‐322 levels. Therefore, activating CBP/HIF‐1α/β‐catenin/miR‐322 signaling may be a potential approach to treat MIRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medial opening‐wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) is a well‐established surgical method for treatment of isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis with varus deformity, but the surgical outcomes may be compromised by surgical site infection (SSI). This study aimed to investigate the incidence and the risk factors for SSI after MOWHTO. This retrospective study included consecutive patients who underwent MOWHTO for isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis with varus deformity in two tertiary referral hospitals from January 2019 and June 2021. Patients who developed SSI within 12 months of surgery were identified by inquiring the medical records for index hospitalisation, notes of after‐discharge outpatient visits, or records of readmission for treatment of SSI. Univariate comparisons were performed to detect the differences between SSI and non‐SSI groups, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors. Six hundred sixteen patients with 708 procedures were included and 30 (4.2%) cases of SSI occurred, with 0.6% rate for deep SSI and 3.6% for superficial. Univariate analyses showed significant difference between groups in terms of morbidity obesity (≥32 kg/m2) (20.0% vs 8.9%), comorbid diabetes (26.7% vs 11.1%), active smoking (20.0% vs 6.3%), time from admission to operation (5.2 ± 4.0 vs 4.1 ± 3.0), size of osteotomy ≥12 mm (40.0% vs 20.0%), type of bone grafting and lymphocyte count (2.1 ± 0.5 vs 1.9 ± 0.6). However, in the multivariate analysis, only active smoking (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.4‐10.2), size of osteotomy ≥12 mm (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3‐5.9) and allogeneic/artificial vs no bone grafting (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.0‐10.8) remained significant. SSI was not uncommon after MOWHTO, but the majority was superficial. The identified three independent factors, including smoking, size of osteotomy ≥12 mm and allogeneic/artificial bone grafting would help risk assessment and stratification, target risk factor modification and clinical surveillance, and inform patient counselling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease that leads to the destruction of supporting structures of the teeth. DNA damage‐inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) plays crucial roles in cell survival and differentiation. DDIT3 regulates bone mass and osteoclastogenesis in femur. However, the role of DDIT3 in periodontitis has not been elucidated. This research aimed to explore the role and mechanisms of DDIT3 in periodontitis. Methods: DDIT3 gene knockout (KO) mice were generated using a CRISPR/Cas9 system. Experimental periodontitis models were established to explore the role of DDIT3 in periodontitis. The expression of DDIT3 in periodontal tissues was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The alveolar bone phenotypes were observed by micro‐CT and stereomicroscopy. The inflammation levels and osteoclast activity were examined by histological staining, immunostaining, and qRT‐PCR. Bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMMs) were isolated to confirm the effects of DDIT3 on osteoclast formation and function in vitro. Results: The increased expression of DDIT3 in murine inflamed periodontal tissues was detected. DDIT3 knockout aggravated alveolar bone loss and enhanced expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in murine periodontitis models. Increased osteoclast formation and higher expression levels of osteoclast‐specific markers were observed in the inflamed periodontal tissues of KO mice. In vitro, DDIT3 deficiency promoted the formation of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive multinucleated osteoclasts and the bone resorption activity of mature osteoclasts. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that DDIT3 deletion aggravated alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis through enhanced inflammatory reactions and osteoclastogenesis. The anti‐inflammation and the inhibition of bone loss by DDIT3 in murine periodontitis provides a potential novel therapeutic strategy for periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNA is a vital biomarker because of its abnormal expression in the emergence and development of diseases, especially in cancers. Herein, a label‐free fluorescent sensing platform is proposed for detecting microRNA‐21, coupled with the cascade toehold‐mediated strand displacement reaction and magnetic beads. Target microRNA‐21 acts as an initiator to trigger the cascade toehold‐mediated strand displacement reaction and it outputs double‐stranded DNA. After magnetic separation, the double‐stranded DNA is intercalated by SYBR Green I, resulting in an amplified fluorescent signal. Under the optimal conditions, a wide linear range (0.5–60 nmol/L) and low limits of detection (0.19 nmol/L) are exhibited. What's more, the biosensor shows great specificity and reliability between microRNA‐21 and other microRNAs involved in cancer (microRNA‐34a, microRNA‐155, microRNA‐10b, and let‐7a). Owing to the properties of fabulous sensitivity, high selectivity, and simplicity of operator, the proposed method paves a promising way for microRNA‐21 detection in cancer diagnosis and biological research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electron transport layer (ETL) plays a crucial role for efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). As a promising low‐temperature ETL, tin oxide still requires complicated surface chemical decoration or heat‐treatments to further passivate the defects and adjust band energy level to improve the optoelectronic performance of the device. Herein, a novel and efficient strategy is developed for the solution prepared annealing‐free SnO2 ETL for PSCs. Through simple electrochemical regulation, the elemental composition, valence ratio of Sn, concentration of oxygen vacancies, hydroxyl groups, and dopant ions are precisely modified with the optimized the energy band, reduce the defect density, and enhance high carrier transport for PSCs. Thus, an increase of power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 21.6% to 24.7% and a high VOC of 1.19 V is obtained. The modified devices maintain 95% of the initial PCE after 2000 h of storage, and 80% of the initial PCE after 900 h of aging in an atmospheric environment at 75 °C and RH 20 ± 5%. Moreover, the perovskite solar module based on the as made SnO2 achieve a high PCE of 21.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical stimulation (ES) is widely used in physiological and medical sciences, while its application to treat inflammatory skin diseases (ISDs) remains a challenge owing to their natural pathological cuticle barrier and lack of an effective combination with chemotherapy to achieve specific immunomodulation. Here, a wearable, battery‐free, multi‐component drug‐loaded electronic microneedle (mD‐eMN) system is developed by integrating remodeled metal microneedles loaded with multi‐component chemical drugs and flexible triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). The system can rapidly release drugs into the site of ISDs and then realize an efficient penetration into cell body and specific immunomodulation under the synergism of pulsed electrons originating from the TENG. Also, the pulsed electrons can promote skin tissue homeostasis reconstruction to alleviate the inflammatory process of ISDs. Sufficient evidence shows that a significant skin inflammation regression of psoriasis (a typical ISDs model) is achieved using the mD‐eMN system compared to traditional ES or chemotherapy alone. This innovative wearable mD‐eMN system provides an effective flexible electronic and chemical drug joint technological platform for the treatment of ISDs, which is not only suitable for the treatment of psoriasis in this study but also maybe for other ISDs such as diabetic ulcers and skin tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have risen rapidly in luminescence efficiency and color purity. However, their high performance requires careful and complex pre‐treatment of precursors and precise regulation of the reaction atmosphere; otherwise, their emission will be weak and broad. To overcome these limitations, we develop a facile ligand exchange method using a new type of bidentate ligand, which is obtained by reacting cheap sulfur with tributylphosphine (S‐TBP). During ligand exchange, the double bond between P and S atoms breaks and a single bond is formed between them, after which S‐TBP switches into a bidentate ligand and binds to a perovskite NC at two points. With short‐chain S‐TBP ligands that have high spatial position resistance, both NC spacing and surface ligand density can be reduced, thereby improving carrier injection and transport. On the NC surface after ligand exchange, halogen vacancies were substantially filled, leading to a PbSP (Pb, S, and P elements) component‐dominated shell that greatly decreases trap density and enhances material stability. The resulting perovskite NCs are stable and bright with a photoluminescence quantum yield of ≈96 %, and an external quantum efficiency of 22 %. Note that our ligand‐exchange strategy remains effective even when scaling up, which should accelerate commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on SnO2 electron transport layers have attracted extensive research due to their compelling photovoltaic performance. Herein, we presented an in situ passivation of SnO2 with low‐cost hydroxyacid potassium synergist during deposition to optimize the interface carrier extraction and transport for high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stabilities of PSCs. The orbital overlap of the carboxyl oxygen with the Sn atom alongwith the homogenous nano‐particle deposition effectively suppresses the interfacial defects and releases the internal residual strains in the perovskite. Accordingly, a PCE of 24.91 % with a fill factor (FF) up to 0.852 is obtained for in situ passivated devices, which is one of the highest values for SnO2‐based PSCs. Moreover, the unencapsulated device maintained 80 % of its initial PCE at 80 °C over 600 h, 100 % PCE at ambient conditions for 1300 h, and 98 % after one week maximum power point tracking (MPPT) under continuous AM1.5G illumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the rapid developments are achieved for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the existence of various defects in the devices still limits the further enhancement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the long‐term stability of devices. Herein, the efficient organic potassium salt (OPS) of para‐halogenated phenyl trifluoroborates is presented as the precursor additives to improve the performance of PSCs. Studies have shown that the 4‐chlorophenyltrifluoroborate potassium salt (4‐ClPTFBK) exhibits the most effective interaction with the perovskite lattice. Strong coordination between BF3−/halogen in anion and uncoordinated Pb2+/halide vacancies, along with the hydrogen bond between F in BF3− and H in FA+ are observed. Thus, due to the synergistic contribution of the potassium and anionic groups, the high‐quality perovskite film with large grain size and low defect density is achieved. As a result, the optimal devices show an enhanced efficiency of 24.50%, much higher than that of the control device (22.63%). Furthermore, the unencapsulated devices present remarkable thermal and long‐term stability, maintaining 86% of the initial PCE after thermal test at 80 °C for 1000 h and 95% after storage in the air for 2460 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a widely used immunosuppressive drug that causes hypertension and hyperkalemia. Moreover, CsA‐induced stimulation of the thiazide‐sensitive NaCl cotransporter (NCC) in the kidney has been shown to be responsible for the development of hyperkalemic hypertension. In this study, we tested whether CsA induces the activation of NCC by stimulating the basolateral Kir4.1/Kir5.1 channel in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). Methods: Electrophysiology, immunoblotting, metabolic cages, and radio‐telemetry methods were used to examine the effects of CsA on Kir4.1/Kir5.1 activity in the DCT, NCC function, and blood pressure in wild‐type (WT) and kidney‐specific Kir4.1 knockout (KS‐Kir4.1 KO) mice. Results: The single‐channel patch clamp experiment demonstrated that CsA stimulated the basolateral 40 pS K+ channel in the DCT. Whole‐cell recording showed that short‐term CsA administration (2 h) not only increased DCT K+ currents but also shifted the K+ current (IK) reversal potential to the negative range (hyperpolarization). Furthermore, CsA administration increased phosphorylated NCC (pNCC) levels and inhibited renal Na+ and K+ excretions in WT mice but not in KS‐Kir4.1 KO mice, suggesting that Kir4.1 is required to mediate CsA effects on NCC function. Finally, long‐term CsA infusion (14 days) increased blood pressure, plasma K+ concentration, and total NCC or pNCC abundance in WT mice, but these effects were blunted in KS‐Kir4.1 KO mice. Conclusion: We conclude that CsA stimulates basolateral K+ channel activity in the DCT and that Kir4.1 is essential for CsA‐induced NCC activation and hyperkalemic hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In deep coal mining, the high temperature and humidity environment are one of the main disasters threatening workers and equipment. To predict the temperature and humidity of airflow in the airway accurately, this study establishes a numerical calculation model of the surrounding rock temperature, airflow temperature, and humidity under the conditions of considering the moisture evaporation and heat absorption of the airway wall, the condensation and heat release of supersaturated water vapor in the airflow, and the influence of air compression or expansion. Combined with the two‐dimensional (2D) heat conduction model (considering the influence of the axial surrounding rock heat conduction of the airway), the axial strip partial moisture calculation model of the airway is proposed, and then the uniform moist wall model and the axial strip partial moist wall model are established. The influence of different parameters on the temperature and humidity of airflow is discussed by analyzing the results of numerical simulation of the uniform wet surface model (UWSM) and partly wet surface model (PWSM) of the airway wall. The results show that the surrounding rock temperature, especially the temperature distribution of the airway wall, calculated by using the 2D heat conduction model under the local humid airway conditions, is more realistic. The increment of airflow temperature decreases with the increase of wet area ratio, airflow temperature at the entrance and airway radius, and increases with relative humidity at the entrance. The calculation accuracy of temperature and humidity prediction for large ventilation networks can be further improved by using the equivalent humidity of the UWSM to replace the correction coefficient of the wet area ratio of the PWSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a major cause of heart failure after myocardial infarction. It has been reported that miR‐322 is involved in MIRI progression, while the molecular mechanism of miR‐322 in regulating MIRI progression needs to be further probed. MIRI cell model was established by oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Cell viability was assessed using MTS assay. Flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling staining were employed to analyze cell apoptosis. In addition, the interactions between miR‐322, Smad7/Smurf2, hypoxia‐inducible factor alpha (HIF‐1α), and β‐catenin were verified by dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. Our results displayed that miR‐322 was significantly downregulated in OGD/R‐treated H9c2 cells, and its overexpression resulted in increased cell viability and reduced the apoptosis. Smurf2 and Smad7 were identified as the direct targets of miR‐322. Smad7 knockdown or Smurf2 knockdown increased OGD/R‐treated H9c2 cell viability and suppressed the apoptosis. Meanwhile, miR‐322 mimics abolished the mitigating effect of Smad7 or Smurf2 overexpression on MIRI. In addition, the Smad3/β‐catenin pathway was identified as the downstream pathway of Smurf2/Smad7. Moreover, it was found that HIF‐1α interacted with the miR‐322 promoter, and β‐catenin interacted with the HIF‐1α promoter to form a loop. HIF‐1α‐induced upregulated miR‐322 activated the Smad3/β‐catenin pathway by targeting Smurf2 and Smad7 to improve MIRI; meanwhile, β‐catenin/HIF‐1α formed a positive feedback loop to continuously improve MIRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polysaccharide chitin is a major scaffolding molecule in the insect cuticle. In order to be functional, both chitin amounts and chitin organization have been shown to be important parameters. Despite great advances in the past decade, the molecular mechanisms of chitin synthesis and organization are not fully understood. Here, we have characterized the function of the Chitinase 6 (Cht6) in the formation of the wing, which is a simple flat cuticle organ, in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Reduction of Cht6 function by RNA interference during wing development does not affect chitin organization, but entails a thinner cuticle suggesting reduced chitin amounts. This phenotype is opposed to the one reported recently to be caused by reduction of Cht10 expression. Probably as a consequence, cuticle permeability to xenobiotics is enhanced in Cht6‐less wings. We also observed massive deformation of these wings. In addition, the shape of the abdomen is markedly changed upon abdominal suppression of Cht6. Finally, we found that suppression of Cht6 transcript levels influences the expression of genes coding for enzymes of the chitin biosynthesis pathway. This finding indicates that wing epidermal cells respond to activity changes of Cht6 probably trying to adjust chitin amounts. Together, in a working model, we propose that Cht6‐introduced modifications of chitin are needed for chitin synthesis to proceed correctly. Cuticle thickness, according to our hypothesis, is in turn required for correct organ or body part shape. The molecular mechanisms of this processes shall be characterized in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reusing industrial solid waste in cement‐based products is an economical and environmentally friendly solution. This study investigated the effect of steel slag on the mechanical properties of concrete mixtures, and development of damage constitutive relationship of steel slag concrete (SSC). Two steel slag aggregates, including fine steel slag aggregate (SSAF) and coarse steel slag aggregate (SSAC) were incorporated into the concrete mixtures to SSC. The portions of natural sand and coarse aggregate each were replaced with SSAF and SSAC at 10%–100% (interval of 20%) by weight. Therefore, effects of SSAF and SSAC on the mechanical properties of SSC mixtures were evaluated separately. Moreover, damage model of SSC mixtures was developed based on Lemaitre's equivalent strain principle and Weibull probability density function. The damage constitutive model was revised using the functional relationship between the toughness index, brittleness index, and distribution parameters. The results indicate that SSC's mechanical properties, crack resistance, and toughness have been significantly improved with increased steel slag content. However, reduction in strength was observed in the SSC specimens containing steel slag above 50% replacement. Nevertheless, these strengths are higher than that of normal concrete. The modified damage constitutive relationship fits better with the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Propionic acidemia (PA) is an autosomal recessive inheritable metabolic disease caused by mutations in the propionyl CoA carboxylase gene (PCC) that affects multiple systems of the human body. Here, we report neuropathological findings of a PA patient. The patient was a male infant who presented with increasing lethargy and poor feeding from four days postpartum. He gradually became comatose and died from complications after liver transplantation at three months old. The results of laboratory examination were consistent with PA, and genetic analysis revealed compound heterozygous mutations in the gene for PCC subunit beta: c.838dupC (rs769968548) and c.1127G>T (rs142982097). Brain‐restricted autopsy was performed 23 h after his death, and the neuropathological examination revealed distinct astrocytosis, oligodendrocytic loss, neuronal loss, and demyelination across the brainstem, motor cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus. Spongiosis, vacuolization, and the appearance of Alzheimer type II astrocytes and activated microglia were observed as well. This is the first brain autopsy report of PA with a clear genetic cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strontium (Sr) is the most common element introduced into TiO2 coatings to strengthen the osteogenic property of titanium implants. However, the optimal Sr content and its effect on osteogenic and physicochemical properties of the coatings need to be clarified. In the current study, TiO2 microporous coatings with different contents of Sr (9.64–21.25 wt %) and silver (Ag) (0.38–0.75 wt %) were prepared via micro‐arc oxidation technique. Sr contents did not change physicochemical properties of the coatings, including surface microstructure, micropore size and distribution, phase composition, roughness and hydrophilicity. Meanwhile, higher Sr contents (18.23–21.25 wt %) improved cytocompatibility, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of preosteoblasts, even the coatings underwent 30 days' PBS immersion. Furthermore, higher Sr contents facilitated preosteoblast growth and spreading, which are essential for their proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, it is promising to incorporate higher Sr content (18.23–21.25 wt %) within TiO2 microporous coatings to improve their osteogenic capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Camellia contains tea, oil camellia, and camellias which benefit people globally. Its infrageneric classification is, however, controversial and unstable, and former phylogenetic analyses failed to yield robust and consistent trees. Here, we aimed to reconstruct a robust phylogenetic tree, date all clades and discuss the evolutionary history of Camellia. Emphasizing the taxonomically comprehensive sampling rather than more DNA data, orthologous nuclear RPB2 introns 11–15 and 23, and waxy were sequenced for 99 taxa of Camellia to reconstruct its phylogenetic history. Ten clades are identified in Camellia: Camellia II, Camelliopsis, Corallina, Furfuracea, Heterogenea, Paracamellia, Piquetia, Stereocarpus, Thea and Yellow camellias II. Camellia grijsii and C. shensiensis are not closely related with other oil camellias that form the clade Paracamellia. Sections Camelliopsis and Theopsis together form the clade Camelliopsis, while clade Furfuracea consists of sect. Furfuracea and C. hongkongensis. Camellia connata is separated from C. lanceolata but nested in the clade Heterogenea, and C. longissima is nested in the clade Thea, suggesting a new germplasm for tea breeding. Molecular dating using four fossil calibration points suggests that the crown age of Camellia is 39.5 Ma with clade Corallina probably the earliest infrageneric clade to diversify and the most widespread clade, Paracamellia, the latest. Our findings provide new insights into the phylogenetic relationships, systematics and evolutionary history of Camellia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]