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Aims: Parkinson's disease (PD) patients experience improvement in motor symptoms after deep brain stimulation (DBS) and before initiating stimulation. This is called the microlesion effect. However, the mechanism remains unclear. The study aims to comprehensively explore the changes in functional connectivity (FC) patterns in movement‐related brain regions in PD patients during the microlesion phase through seed‐based FC analysis. Methods: The study collected the resting functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 49 PD patients before and after DBS surgery (off stimulation). The cortical and subcortical areas related to motor function were selected for seed‐based FC analysis. Meanwhile, their relationship with the motor scale was investigated. Results: The motor‐related brain regions were selected as the seed point, and we observed various FC declines within the motor network brain regions. These declines were primarily in the left middle temporal gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus, right supplementary motor area, left precentral gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and right superior frontal gyrus after DBS. Conclusion: The movement‐related network was extensively reorganized during the microlesion period. The study provided new information on enhancing motor function from the network level post‐DBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐performance and durable membranes are being sought to enable energy‐efficient CO2 capture. Although representing an appealing candidate for the above application, successful translation of distinct properties of MOF filler into hybrid composite membranes (HCMs) remains challenging. In this study, we synthesized uniform hollow defect‐engineered UiO‐66 nanoparticles as filler for enhancing the CO2/N2 separation performance and durability of Pebax‐2533 membranes. The existence of missing‐linker defects in the framework not only endows HCMs with higher CO2/N2 adsorption selectivity but also provides ultrafast CO2 transport pathways; moreover, hollow structure of UiO‐66 not only contributes to better filler dispersibility in polymeric matrix but also reduces CO2 diffusion path length. Obtained HCMs manifest concurrently increased CO2 permeability (3100 Barrer) and CO2/N2 separation factor (44), far exceeding state‐of‐the‐art 2019 upper bound for polymer membranes; moreover, our membranes exhibit enhanced resistance toward plasticization, physical aging, and water vapors under harsh operation conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) patients undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery require subsequent programming, which is complex and cumbersome. The local field potential (LFP) in the deep brain is associated with motor symptom improvement. The current study aimed to identify LFP biomarkers correlated with improved motor symptoms in PD patients after DBS and verify their guiding role in postoperative programming. Methods: Initially, the study included 36 PD patients undergoing DBS surgery. Temporary external electrical stimulation was performed during electrode implantation, and LFP signals around the electrode contacts were collected before and after stimulation. The stimulating contact at 6 months of programming was regarded as the optimal and effective stimulating contact. The LFP signal of this contact during surgery was analyzed to identify potential LFP biomarkers. Next, we randomly assigned another 30 PD patients who had undergone DBS to physician empirical programming and LFP biomarker‐guided programming groups and compared the outcomes. Results: In the first part of the study, LFP signals of electrode contacts changed after electrical stimulation. Electrical stimulation reduced gamma energy and the beta/alpha oscillation ratio. The different programming method groups were compared, indicating the superiority of beta/alpha oscillations ratio‐guided programming over physician experience programming for patients' improvement rate (IR) of UPDRS‐III. There were no significant differences in the IR of UPDRS‐III, post‐LED, IR‐PDQ39, number of programmings, and the contact change rate between the gamma oscillations‐guided programming and empirical programming groups. Conclusion: Overall, the findings reveal that gamma oscillations and the beta/alpha oscillations ratio are potential biomarkers for programming in PD patients after DBS. Instead of relying solely on spike action potential signals from single neurons, LFP biomarkers can provide the appropriate depth for electrode placement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Predicting Parkinson's disease (PD) can provide patients with targeted therapies. However, disease severity can be roughly evaluated in clinical practice based on the patient's symptoms and signs. Objective: The current study attempted to explore the factors linked with PD severity and construct a predictive model. Method: The PD patients and healthy controls were recruited from our study center while recording their basic demographic information. The serum inflammatory markers levels, such as Cystatin C (Cys C), C‐reactive protein (CRP), RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), and Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were determined for all the participants. PD patients were categorized into early and mid‐advanced groups based on the Hoehn and Yahr (H‐Y) scale and evaluated using PD‐related scales. LASSO logistic regression analysis (Model C) helped select variables based on clinical scale evaluations, serum inflammatory factor levels, and transcranial sonography measurements. The optimal harmonious model coefficient λ was determined via 10‐fold cross‐validation. Moreover, Model C was compared with multivariate (Model A) and stepwise (Model B) logistic regression. The area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operator characteristic (ROC), brier score, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) helped determine the discrimination and calibration of the predictive model, followed by configuring a forest plot and column chart. Results: The study included 113 healthy individuals and 102 PD patients, with 26 early and 76 mid‐advanced patients. Univariate analysis of variance screened out statistically significant differences among inflammatory markers Cys C and RANTES. The average Cys C level in the mid‐advanced stage was significantly higher than in the early stage (p < 0.001) but not for RANTES (p = 0.740). The LASSO logistic regression model (λ.1se = 0.061) associated with UPDRS‐I, UPDRS‐II, UPDRS‐III, HAMA, PDQ‐39, and Cys C as the included independent variables revealed that the Model C discrimination and calibration (AUC = 0.968, Brier = 0.049) were superior to Model A (AUC = 0.926, Brier = 0.079) and Model B (AUC = 0.929, Brier = 0.071) models. Conclusion: The study results show multiple factors are linked with PD assessment. Moreover, the inflammatory marker Cys C and transcranial sonography measurement could objectively predict PD symptom severity, helping doctors monitor PD evolution in patients while targeting interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: There is growing evidence that the gut microbiota plays a significant part in the pathophysiology of chronic stress. The dysbiosis of the gut microbiota closely relates to dysregulation of microbiota–host cometabolism. Composition changes in the gut microbiota related to perturbations in metabolic profiles are vital risk factors for disease development. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is commonly applied as an alternative or primary therapy for various diseases. Therefore, a metabolic and gut bacteria perspective is essential to uncover possible mechanisms of chronic stress and the therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygenation. We determined that there were significantly disturbed metabolites and disordered gut microbiota between control and chronic stress group. The study aims to offer further information on the interactions between host metabolism, gut microbiota, and chronic stress. Methods: At present, chronic unpredictable mild stress is considered the most widespread method of modeling chronic stress in animals, so we used a chronic unpredictable mild stress mouse model to characterize changes in the metabolome and microbiome of depressed mice by combining 16S rRNA gene sequencing and UHPLC–MS/MS‐based metabolomics. Pearson's correlation‐based clustering analysis was performed with above metabolomics and fecal microbiome data to determine gut microbiota‐associated metabolites. Results: We found that 18 metabolites showed a significant correlation with campylobacterota. Campylobacterota associated metabolites were significantly enriched mainly in the d‐glutamate and d‐glutamine metabolism. Hyperoxia treatment may improve depression‐like behaviors in chronic stress model mice through regulating the disrupted metabolites. Conclusions: Hyperbaric oxygen improves depression‐like behaviors in chronic stress model mice by remodeling Campylobacterota associated metabolites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nrf2 plays a pivotal role in antioxidant response and anti‐inflammation after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and its deletion aggravates TBI‐induced brain damage. Previous studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 is activated post TBI, but dynamic changes in expression and cell type‐specific characteristics remain unclear. In this study, the Feeney weight‐drop contusion model was conducted to mimic TBI, and the ipsilateral cerebral cortex was collected at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days post TBI (dpi). Nrf2 protein levels were observed by western blot. Cell type‐specific localization of Nrf2 after TBI was detected at different time intervals by double immunofluorescence staining. NeuN, GFAP, IBA1 and NG2 were used as cell type‐specific markers to neurons, astrocytes, microglia and NG2 glia, respectively. After TBI, Nrf2 protein levels peaked at 1 dpi. Robust transient Nrf2 accumulation was co‐localized with neurons, which was predominant at 1 dpi. Continuous weak Nrf2 expression was detected in activated astrocytes, and the number of double positive cells peaked at 7 dpi. Inducible widespread immunostaining of Nrf2 was observed in the nucleus of the microglia, and the number of Nrf2+ microglia peaked at 7 dpi. In addition, we also explored colocalization of Nrf2 in NG2 glia, in which the percentage of Nrf2+ in NG2 glia reached a climax at 3 dpi. This study reveals that the accumulation of endogenous Nrf2 might mediate different pathophysical roles in neurons and glias after TBI, the cell‐type specific and time‐dependent expression provide insights to explain the roles of Nrf2 in different neural cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The d10 coordination polymers (CPs), [Zn(L1)(OH)]n (1) and [Cd(L2)2]n (2) were obtained from isomeric ligands 3-(6-aminpyridinium-3-yl) benzoic acid (L1) and 4-(6-aminpyridinium-3-yl) benzoic acid (L2), and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. In compound 1, a spiral chain structure connected by µ2-OH- and the ZnII ions, which are further linked by the L1 ligands to give atwo-dimensional layered structure. Classical hydrogen-bonding interactions (O···H-N) between adjacent layers result in three-dimensional supramolecular structure. Compound 2 features a three-dimensional framework formed by linking [Cd2(COO)2] clusters in a bcu net. Thermal stabilities and fluorescent properties of 1 and 2 were also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three ZnII and CdII complexes with Y-shaped dicarboxylate ligands, namely [Zn(L1)(2,2′-bpy)2(H2O)] ·2H2O ( 1), [Zn(L1)(bpp)(H2O)] ( 2), and [Cd(L1)(H2O)] ·H2O ( 3) [H2L1 = N-phenyliminodiacetic acid, 2,2′-bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, bpp = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane] were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analyses. Compound 1 shows an hydrogen-bonded 2D network, whereas compound 2 is an infinite 1D wavy chain structure, though O-H ···O hydrogen-bonded to form a 2D network. Compound 3 displays a 2D uninodal 3-connected Shubnikov plane net with the point symbol of (4.82). Moreover, the solid-state such as thermal stabilities and fluorescence properties of 1- 3 were also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new coordination polymers, namely, [Zn(bdc)(mbix)] n ( 1) and {[Cd2(bdc)2(mbix)2] ·H2O} n ( 2) [H2bdc = 5-hydroxylisophthalic acid, mbix = 1,3-bis(imidazol-1-yl-methyl)benzene], were obtained under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, as well as powder- and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 exhibits a 2D puckered layer with (4,4) topology, which is further interconnected by hydrogen bonding interactions leading to a 3D supramolecular architecture. Compound 2 features a 5-connected 3D network with bnn (46.64) topology based on the dinuclear CdII subunits. In addition, solid-state properties such as thermal stabilities and photoluminescent properties of compounds 1 and 2 were also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective.- The study aimed to explore the impairment of time perception in migraineurs. Background.- Headache is the most common pain syndrome in middle-aged adults, and migraine is highly prevalent and severely disabling. Although the mechanisms of and the therapies for migraines have long been explored, less is known about the functional impairments associated with them, especially the impairment in time perception, that is, the ability to estimate the passage of time. Methods.- In this study, we used a temporal reproduction task to assess the estimation of the duration of visual stimulus in 27 migraine patients. The stimulus was delivered at different intervals over the milliseconds and seconds range. Results.- In the setting of an interstimulus interval for 1 second and an interstimulus interval for 5 seconds in the 600-millisecond-duration reproduction task, the migraineurs showed impairment in time perception, and in that they significantly overestimated the duration, as compared with the healthy subjects. When compared with the healthy controls for the 3-second and 5-second duration reproduction task, migraineurs in the setting of an interstimulus interval for 1 second and an interstimulus interval for 5 seconds did not show impairment in time perception. Conclusions.- This study indicates that not only is time perception impaired in migraineurs, but that this impairment is exhibited for durations in the milliseconds range, and not the seconds range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document presents a case study of a 17-year-old male with isolated dystonia, a condition characterized by involuntary twisting movements and posturing. The patient had a mutation in the COL6A3 gene, which is believed to contribute to the development of dystonia. Traditional treatments were ineffective, and the patient also experienced mood and social disturbances. However, bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery resulted in significant improvement in motor symptoms and quality of life. The study suggests that genetic screening before DBS surgery may be important in identifying potential genetic factors contributing to dystonia. The authors also highlight the therapeutic value of DBS for isolated dystonia and call for further research in this area. [Extracted from the article]