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Aim: The chin‐down posture is a widely used compensatory manoeuvre for patients with dysphagia. The aim of this study was designed to systematically measure the effectiveness of chin‐down manoeuvre application. Methodology: We retrieved the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, Medline, CNKI, WANFANG, VIP and SinoMed databases from inception to 30 August 2022. Raters independently screened literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the included literature was evaluated, and data were extracted. The software Review Manager software 5.3 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Fourteen studies with a total of 571 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis indicated that chin‐down manoeuvre could significantly reduce the risk of aspiration (MD = −1.35, 95% CI [−2.25, −0.44], Z = 2.92, p <.01), decrease the chin angle (MD = −12.20, 95% CI [−14.61, −9.79], Z = 9.91, p <.001), shorten oral transit time (MD = −0.81, 95% CI [−1.20, −0.43], Z = 4.17, p <.001), reduce the maximum swallowing pressure at upper oesophageal sphincter (MD = −82.07, 95% CI [−112.77, −51.37], Z = 5.24, p <.001) and decrease pharyngeal residue. Conclusions: Existing evidence indicated that chin‐down manoeuvre could reduce the risk of aspiration and pharyngeal residue, decrease the maximum swallowing pressure at UES. More large‐sample, high‐quality clinical trials are still needed in the future to further ascertain the results of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on nitrogen‐doped molybdenum carbide(N−Mo2C) nanosphere was fabricated for trace analysis of resveratrol in this work. N−Mo2C with large specific surface area and good electrical conductivity was introduced to construct a sensitive imprinting platform. Molecularly imprinted polymer film was prepared through a simple electropolymerization method using resveratrol as the template molecule and o‐phenylenediamine as the functional monomer. The sensor shows great analytical performance in the concentration range of 10−9 mol L−1 to 10−4 mol L−1and the detection limit is as low as 4.37×10−10 mol L−1. The sensor also has the advantages of good selectivity, reproducibility and stability, which opens a new way for the application of molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors in the field ofbiomedicine detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Developing high‐power electric‐driven system is the key to realize green exploration of vibroseis. To improve the safety and extend the cycle life of the lithium‐ion batteries for electric‐driven vibroseis, two types of liquid‐cooling structure for the battery pack were developed and evaluated. The thermal performance of the liquid‐cooling structures was evaluated by three indexes of the maximum temperature in the whole battery pack, the maximum temperature difference between the cells, and the standard deviation (SD) coefficient of the cells' temperature. Results suggest that the maximum temperature difference and the SD coefficient of the single‐inlet‐single‐outlet liquid‐cooling structure is 7.43°C and 6.49%, respectively, and both fail to meet the indexes. In the double‐inlet‐double‐outlet liquid‐cooling structure, the maximum temperature increases linearly with the growth of the coolant inlet temperature. With higher coolant flow rate, the maximum temperature is lower, while the temperature difference between the two sides of the cell is greater. When the inlet temperature of the coolant is below 33.9°C and the coolant flow rate is greater than or equal to 350 g/s, the thermal performance evaluation indexes of the battery pack could be achieved. Field test of the electric‐driven vibroseis shows that the double‐inlet‐double‐outlet structure can fully achieve the cooling requirements. This research provides significant support for the development of green‐exploration vibroseis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SnO2‐CNF was prepared by coaxial blending technology, and MoS2 was grown uniformly on SnO2‐CNF composite by adding a hydrothermal post‐treatment step. The uniform distribution of MoS2 on one‐dimensional SnO2‐CNF can effectively establish a layered three‐dimensional structure. Accordingly, the prepared MoS2‐coated SnO2‐CNF composite material has higher surface area and more active sites to obtain better electrochemical performance. We constructed an electrochemical sensor within the composite material with enhanced performance to realize the simultaneous and highly sensitive detection of phenacetin and indomethacin. The sensor has linear ranges of 0.050–7200 μM and 0.05–500 μM, respectively, and the detection limits were 0.016 μM and 0.013 μM. Furthermore, the sensor has good anti‐interference ability and stability, which also achieves good recovery rate in the actual sample detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dementia education for healthcare providers has gained growing attention in China. This study aimed to explore the current dementia care practices in care home setting in China because people with dementia have increased need for residential care as the cognitive function worsens. An exploratory qualitative study was conducted among care staff and residents with dementia in four care homes in a metropolitan city in China between May and August 2019. Participant observations were conducted to understand how the care environment and activities affect residents with dementia. Care records were reviewed to explore the kind of care provided. In‐depth individual interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 15 care staff members of different ranks to clarify the care practices and understand their training needs with dementia care. Field notes of observations, nursing care records and interviews transcripts were triangulated for qualitative content analysis. The theme emerged is 'suboptimal dementia care practices'. Four categories about dementia care practices in care homes were identified: (a) care environment (hospital‐like layout, inappropriate lighting, environmental noise, inappropriate use of colour and unclear signage), (b) care culture (being medical‐oriented, overlooking individual uniqueness and privacy), (c) attitudes towards dementia (treating as children, being authoritative, adopting punitive approaches, trying to respect the residents and having a positive learning attitude) and (d) dementia care competence (questing for specific training and resources, questing for culturally specific practices and strengthening communication with family). Creating a dementia‐friendly and enabling environment, shifting the care culture paradigm from disease‐oriented to person‐centred and developing culturally sensitive care practices are imperative. Dementia care education for care home staff using a systematic, comprehensive approach is fundamental to achieve these goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the nanosheet‐assembled lindgrenite microflowers (chemical formula: Cu3Mo2O9) were synthesised through a simple process and low‐cost raw materials at room temperature in aqueous solution without using any surface‐active agent. The tightly interlaced nanosheets, like petals, can increase the specific surface area, which can bring about higher electrocatalytic activity and electroanalysis sensitivity. Thus, lindgrenite microflowers were prepared as an electrochemical sensor and successfully applied in the detection of paracetamol through the modified glass carbon electrode. Furthermore, this electrochemical reaction process was simulated at the ab‐initio level to reveal the catalytic mechanism, and the simulation results agreed well with electrochemical experiments. The electrochemical performance of the lindgrenite microflowers modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The linearity of paracetamol ranged from 0.05 to 1200 μM (IT method) and 0.05 to 1000 μM (DPV method), low detection limit (0.01 μM) and high sensitivity (5.11 mA mM−1 cm−2) towards paracetamol. Moreover, this sensor was applied to detect paracetamol in human blood serum samples. The excellent results demonstrated that the prepared electrode not only showed a desirable linear range towards paracetamol but also exhibited practical applicability and reliability towards human serum samples detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our work, a new and simple method for selective detection of melamine is established by developing a "turn‐on" fluorescence probe based on nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (N‐CQDs) ‐ iron ions (Fe3+). The N‐CQDs have been facilely prepared by one‐step simple hydrothermal reaction and it is highly luminescent that with 51% fluorescent quantum yield. In this sensor, the fluorescent intensity of N‐CQDs was found to be efficient quenched by Fe3+, upon addition of melamine the fluorescent intensity of N‐CQDs‐Fe3+ could gradually recover, which may because of the competitive combination of Fe3+ and melamine leading to the departure of Fe3+ from the N‐CQDs' surface. Under optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensity has a good liner relationship with melamine in the range of 2.0 to 290 μM. The probe displayed good sensitivity toward melamine with a lower detection limit of 0.67 μM. In addition, this fluorescence probe has been used for the analysis of milk samples, demonstrating the fluorescence probe has potential application in the detection of melamine. A fluorescent probe based on iron ions‐quenched carbon dots (N‐CQDs‐Fe3+) as "turn‐on" fluorescent probe for detection of melamine was developed. The fluorescence of N‐CQDs can be effectively quenched by Fe3+ and then the fluorescent intensity of N‐CQDs‐Fe3+ gradually recovered upon addition of melamine. The N‐CQDs‐Fe3+ fluorescent probe shows wider liner range, good sensitivity, simple, rapid detection for the quantitative determination of melamine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microsphere loaded 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) based scaffolds with drug releasing capability have been developed. PHBV microspheres with a mean particle size 4 ± 2 μm loaded with daidzein were obtained by oil-in-water single emulsion solvent evaporation method and applied to the surface of BG scaffolds by dip coating technique. The morphology, in vitro bioactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF), mechanical properties and drug release kinetics of microsphere loaded scaffolds were studied. The microspheres were shown to be homogeneously dispersed on the scaffold surfaces. It was confirmed that hydroxyapatite crystals homogeneously grew not only on the surface of the scaffold but also on the surface of the microspheres within 3 days of immersion in SBF. The daidzein release from the microsphere loaded scaffolds lasted almost 1 month and was determined to be diffusion controlled. The microsphere loaded BG scaffolds with daidzein releasing capability obtained in this study are a candidate for bone tissue engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1765-1774, 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel and simple fluorometry method has been developed and validated for the determination of norfloxacin (NOR) on the basis of the fluorescence quenching of thioglycolic acid (TGA)-capped CdTe/ZnS nanoparticles (NPs) by NOR. The functionalized CdTe/ZnS NPs were successfully synthesized in aqueous medium with TGA as the capping ligand. TGA-capped CdTe/ZnS NPs were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size measurements, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Owing to a specific interaction, the fluorescence intensity of CdTe/ZnS NPs is clearly reduced in the presence of NOR. Under optimal conditions, the relative fluorescence intensity of CdTe/ZnS NPs is linearly proportional to NOR concentration from 0.2 to 140 μ M with a detection limit of 0.082 μ M. This probe was also successfully utilized to determine the NOR in pharmaceutical formations. The quenching mechanism was also investigated. The proposed method is simple, rapid, and practical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A number of dementia care educational programmes are developed to build nursing‐home staff's care competence in the Western culture. However, their applicability and cultural relevancy to Chinese population are questionable. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a Culturally Specific DEmentia Competence Education for Nursing home Taskforce (DECENT) programme in mainland China. Method: A multi‐centre two‐arm repeated‐measures quasi‐experimental study was conducted with 217 care staff from 10 nursing homes. Nursing homes were pair‐matched and allocated into intervention (n = 5) and control group (n = 5). Participants were allocated into intervention group (n=101) who received the DECENT programme or control group (n = 116) who received the printed educational materials according to the settings they worked. The DECENT programme comprised eight topics and was delivered through multiple pedagogical strategies by a qualified educator once per week for 60‐90 minutes over eight weeks. The study outcomes were the sense of competence in dementia care, dementia knowledge, attitudes towards people with dementia, person‐centred care in nursing homes and the severity of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) of residents with dementia and staff‐perceived disturbance. They were measured at baseline (T0), immediately post‐intervention (T1) and 3‐month after intervention (T2). Generalised estimating equation models were performed to analyse the effect. Result: The intervention group improved more significantly than the control group in sense of competence in dementia care both at T1 (B = 5.24, p <.001) and T2 (B = 4.43, p =.013). In terms of dementia knowledge and person‐centred care in nursing homes, the intervention group only showed significant improvement at T1 (B = 3.18, p =.001; B = 5.75, p =.018, respectively), but not at T2 (p =.089 and.104, respectively), when compared to control group. Attitudes towards people with dementia and severity of BPSD and staff‐perceived disturbance were not significant both at T1 and T2 relative to control group. Conclusion: The DECENT programme is effective in improving nursing‐home staff's perceived dementia‐care competence. Nevertheless, continual learning and support at organisational level is needed for cultivating changes in practice and residents' outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: drug delivery; endosomal escape; microfluidics; pH-responsive; polymer nanoparticles In article number 1905352, Shiqi Wang, Hélder A. Santos, Wei Li, and co-workers report a virus-mimicking polymeric nanoparticle with endosomolytic activity and pH-responsive drug release properties. Drug delivery, endosomal escape, microfluidics, pH-responsive, polymer nanoparticles. [Extracted from the article]

Achieving cellular internalization and endosomal escape remains a major challenge for many antitumor therapeutics, especially macromolecular drugs. Viral drug carriers are reported for efficient intracellular delivery, but with limited choices of payloads. In this study, a novel polymeric nanoparticle (ADMAP) is developed, resembling the structure and functional features of a virus. ADMAP is synthesized by grafting endosomolytic poly(lauryl methacrylate‐co‐methacrylic acid) on acetalated dextran. The endosomolytic polymer mimics the capsid protein for endosomal escape, and acetalated dextran resembles the viral core for accommodating payloads. After polymer synthesis, the subsequent controlled nanoprecipitation on a microfluidic device yields uniform nanoparticles with high encapsulation efficiency. At late endosomal pH (5.0), the ADMAP particles successfully destabilize endosomal membranes and release the drug payloads synergistically, resulting in a greater therapeutic efficacy compared with that of free anticancer drugs. Further conjugation of a tumor‐penetrating peptide enhances the antitumor efficacy toward 3D spheroids and finally leads to spheroid disintegration. The unique structure along with the synergistic endosomal escape and drug release make ADMAP nanoparticles favorable for intracellular delivery of antitumor therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The versatile electrospinning technique is recognized as an efficient strategy to deliver active pharmaceutical ingredients and has gained tremendous progress in drug delivery, tissue engineering, cancer therapy, and disease diagnosis. Numerous drug delivery systems fabricated through electrospinning regarding the carrier compositions, drug incorporation techniques, release kinetics, and the subsequent therapeutic efficacy are presented herein. Targeting for distinct applications, the composition of drug carriers vary from natural/synthetic polymers/blends, inorganic materials, and even hybrids. Various drug incorporation approaches through electrospinning are thoroughly discussed with respect to the principles, benefits, and limitations. To meet the various requirements in actual sophisticated in vivo environments and to overcome the limitations of a single carrier system, feasible combinations of multiple drug‐inclusion processes via electrospinning could be employed to achieve programmed, multi‐staged, or stimuli‐triggered release of multiple drugs. The therapeutic efficacy of the designed electrospun drug‐eluting systems is further verified in multiple biomedical applications and is comprehensively overviewed, demonstrating promising potential to address a variety of clinical challenges. Drug‐loaded electrospun architectures are gaining increasing attention in various biomedical applications. By carefully choosing materials/drugs and drug loading techniques, electrospun structures with adjustable topography, tunable porosity, high surface area, and controllable drug release behaviors can be manufactured for biomedical applications, such as simple drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and cancer therapy. Recent progress is thoroughly overviewed in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]