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Micro, small, and medium‐sized enterprises (MSMEs) are fundamental to the economy of Bangladesh, significantly contributing to job creation and poverty alleviation. Securing financing is essential for the growth and development of the MSME sector. This research investigates the entrepreneurial environment in Bangladesh, highlighting challenges and opportunities to enhance youth entrepreneurship. By analyzing secondary data from 2010 to 2022, the study employs a multiple regression model to examine the statistical relationship between MSME financing and economic growth. Gross domestic product Regression Equation Specification Error Test per capita is the dependent variable, loans to MSMEs are used as a proxy for MSME financing, and the unemployment rate is included as a control variable. The results indicate that MSME financing has a substantial positive impact on economic growth, while the unemployment rate has a significant negative effect. The study suggests implementing blended finance funds and a variety of supply, demand, and financial solutions to strengthen the MSME ecosystem in Bangladesh, thereby supporting national development goals and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Safe, efficacious therapy for treating degenerate deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and navicular bone fibrocartilage (NBF) in navicular horses is critically necessary. While archetypal orthobiologic therapies for navicular disease are used empirically, their safety and efficacy are unknown. Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (EV) may overcome several limitations of current orthobiologic therapies. Objectives: To (1) characterise cytokine and growth factor profiles of equine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM‐MSC)‐derived extracellular vesicles (BM‐EV) and (2) evaluate the in vitro anti‐inflammatory and extracellular matrix (ECM) protective potentials of BM‐EV on DDFT and NBF explant co‐cultures in an IL‐1β inflammatory environment. Study design: In vitro experimental study. Methods: Cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐1ra and TNF‐α) and growth factors (TGFβ1, VEGF, IGF1 and PDGF) in equine BM‐EV isolated via ultracentrifugation and precipitation methods were profiled. Forelimb DDFT and NBF explant co‐cultures from seven horses were exposed to media alone, or media containing 2 × 109 ± 0.1 × 109 particles/mL or 10 μg/mL BM‐EV (BM‐EV), 10 ng/mL interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), or IL‐1β + BM‐EV for 48 h. Co‐culture media IL‐6, TNF‐α, MMP‐3, MMP‐13 concentrations and explant sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content were quantified. Results: IL‐6, IGF1 and VEGF concentrations were 102.1 (37.61–256.2) and 182.3 (163.1–226.3), 72.3 (8–175.6) and 2.4 (0.1–2.6), 108.3 (38.3–709.1) and 211.4 (189.1–318.2) pg/mL per 2 × 109 ± 0.1 × 109 particles/mL or 10 μg/mL 10 μg of BM‐EV isolated via ultracentrifugation and precipitation methods, respectively. Co‐culture media MMP‐3 in BM‐EV‐ (p = 0.03) and BM‐EV + IL‐1β‐treated (p = 0.01) groups were significantly lower than the respective media and IL‐1β groups. DDFT explant sGAG content of BM‐EV (p = 0.003) and BM‐EV + IL‐1β groups were significantly higher compared with IL‐1β group. Main limitations: Specimen numbers are limited, in vitro model may not replicate clinical case conditions, lack of non‐MSC‐derived EV control group. Conclusions: Equine BM‐EV contains IL‐6 and growth factors, IGF1 and VEGF. The anti‐inflammatory and ECM protective potentials of BM‐EV were evident as increased IL‐6 and decreased MMP‐3 concentrations in the DDFT‐NBF explant co‐culture media. These results support further evaluation of BM‐EV as an acellular and 'off‐the‐shelf' intra‐bursal/intrasynovial therapy for navicular pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable thermoplastic, is being used significantly in a wide range of applications because of its environmentally friendly nature. 3D printing is an innovative technique that is used to fabricate polymer composites with complex contours and high precision. Conventional 3D printing technologies use fiber reinforcement in the form of filament. However, fibers in the form of sheets, when used in composite materials, improve the distribution of load and enhance the multi‐directional strength. This study investigates the improvement in the tensile strength of PLA‐based composite by integrating woven glass fibers (WGF) during 3D printing processing. The composites were fabricated using an FDM‐based 3D printer where the WGF sheet was used as reinforcement and PLA filament was used as the matrix material. The main input parameters consist of the number of WGF layers and the orientation of the WGF. Taguchi orthogonal array was used to fabricate composite samples with different combinations of input parameters and then these samples were tested to evaluate the tensile properties. The finding shows that PLA composites reinforced with four layers of glass fiber at 0/90° fiber orientation showed the highest tensile strength of 52.85 MPa and a thermal degradation temperature of 330.49 °C. 3D printing of WGF‐PLA composite and mechanical characterization. The composite specimen showed the highest tensile strength of 52.85 MPa. The thermal degradation temperature reached 330.49 °C in TGA analysis. ANN predicted the optimal combination of 4 fiber layers with 0/90° orientation. Uniform PLA deposition reduced voids and enhanced interlayer adhesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The host immune system is adapted in a variety of ways by tumour microenvironment and growing tumour interacts to promote immune escape. One of these adaptations is manipulating the metabolic processes of cells in the tumour microenvironment. The growing tumour aggressively utilise glucose, its primary energy source available in tumour site, and produce lactate by Warburg effect. In such a hostile environment, tumour‐infiltrating immune cells are unable to survive metabolically. Tumour‐infiltrating CD4+ Treg cells, on the other hand, adapted to an alternative energy‐generating system, switching from the highly‐competitive glucose to the fatty‐acid metabolic pathway, by down‐regulating glucose‐metabolising genes and up‐regulating fatty‐acid metabolising genes. Tregs with high‐levels of the fatty acid scavenger receptor CD36, a key component of the fatty‐acid metabolic pathway, aided this metabolic shift. Treg cell formation was hampered when the fatty‐acid metabolic pathway was disrupted, showing that it is necessary for Treg cell development. FOXP3, the Treg lineage‐specific transcription factor, regulates fatty‐acid metabolism by inducing CD36 transcription. A high‐fat diet enhanced Treg development while suppressing anti‐tumour immunity, whereas a low‐fat diet suppressed Treg development. The altered metabolism of tumour‐infiltrating Treg cells enables their rapid generation and survival in the hostile tumour microenvironment, aiding cancer progression. Fascinatingly, mice fed with a low‐fat diet showed a positive prognosis with chemotherapy than mice fed with a high‐fat diet. Thus, a maximum efficacy of chemotherapy might be achieved by altering diet composition during chemotherapy, providing a promising indication for future cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 (HER2), programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), and microsatellite (MS) status are well‐established biomarkers in gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas (GEAs). However, it is unclear how the combination of these biomarkers is associated with clinicopathological factors and prognosis. This retrospective study included baseline metastatic GEA patients who were tested for all three biomarkers (HER2, PD‐L1, and MS status) at the MD Anderson Cancer Center between 2012 and 2022. Stratification was performed according to the combination of biomarker profiles: triple negative (TN), single positive (SP), and multiple positive (MP). Comparative analyses of clinicopathological factors and survival using combinations of biomarkers were performed. Among the 698 GEA patients analyzed, 251 (36.0%) were classified as TN, 334 (47.9%) as SP, and 113 (16.1%) as MP. The MP group showed a significant association with tumors located in the esophagus (p <.001), well to moderate differentiation (p <.001), and the absence of signet ring cells (p <.001). In the survival analysis, MP group had a significantly longer overall survival (OS) compared to the other groups (MP vs. TN, p <.001 and MP vs. SP, p <.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that MP serves as an independent positive prognostic indicator for OS (hazard ratio = 0.63, p <.01). Our findings indicate that MP biomarkers are associated with a favorable prognosis in metastatic GEA. These results are reflective of clinical practice and offer valuable insights into how therapeutics and future biomarkers could influence therapy/prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three novel polypyridyl‐Co(III)‐vitamin B6 complexes viz. [Co(CF3‐phtpy)(SBVB6)]Cl (Co1), [Co(anthracene‐tpy)(SBVB6)]Cl (Co2), [Co(NMe2‐phtpy)(SBVB6)]Cl (Co3), where 4'‐(4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)‐2,2':6',2"‐terpyridine=CF3‐phtpy, 4'‐(anthracen‐9‐yl)‐2,2':6',2"‐terpyridine=anthracene‐tpy;, 4‐([2,2':6',2"‐terpyridin]‐4'‐yl)‐N,N‐dimethylaniline=NMe2‐phtpy, (E)‐5‐(hydroxymethyl)‐4‐(((2‐hydroxyphenyl)imino)methyl)‐2‐methylpyridin‐3‐ol=H2SBVB6 were successfully developed for aPDT (antibacterial photodynamic therapy) applications. Co1–Co3 exhibited an intense absorption band at ca. 435–485 nm, which is attributed to ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer and was beneficial for antibacterial photodynamic therapy. The distorted octahedral geometry of the complexes with CoIIIN4O2 core was evident from the DFT study. The visible light absorption ability and good photo‐stability of Co1–Co3 made them good photosensitizers for aPDT. Co1–Co3 displayed significant antibacterial responses against gram‐positive (S. aureus) and gram‐negative (E. coli) bacteria upon light exposure (10 J cm−2, 400–700 nm) and showed MIC values between 0.01–0.005 μg mL−1. The aPDT activities of these complexes were due to their ability to damage bacterial cell membranes via ROS generation. Overall, this study shows the photo‐triggered ROS‐mediated bacteria‐killing potential of Co(III) complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thiol‐functionalized mesoporous silica and materials potentially dedicated to diverse applications of composite materials, metal colloids, and metal catalysts, etc. Here, we developed a new synthesis route for 3‐methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (MPTMS) functionalized mesoporous silica (KIT‐6), achieving a 71.5 % enhancement in thiol functionalization on KIT‐6 surfaces. Characterization using XRD, TEM, BET, FTIR, Raman, 29Si NMR, XPS, and ICP‐OES revealed structural and morphological features. XRD, TEM, and BET confirmed the three‐dimensional structural stabilization of mesoporous silica with ~4 nm pore diameter and a surface area of 1451 m2 g−1. FTIR, Raman, and 29Si NMR studies established the mechanism of thiol functionalization, the formation of a new wormhole chain structural framework (WCSF), and stabilization through hydrogen bonding within the mesopores. The 29Si NMR spectra showed characteristic peaks (T3, T2, Q4, Q3) indicating self‐condensed functionalized thiols with siloxane networks. XPS analysis validated enhanced thiol functionalization, indicating a structurally homogeneous WCSF suitable for mercury adsorption. ICP‐OES measured a mercury adsorption capacity of 3199.6 mg g−1 for KIT‐6, with an Hg2+/S ratio of 1.8, corroborated by molecular structure and mechanism analysis. This innovative thiol functionalization approach enhances the efficacy of applications such as extracting Hg2+ from contaminated sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensory mechanotransduction is the process of deciphering physical stimuli into neural electrical receptor potentials, essential to Drosophila, the fruit fly. Nearly every aspect of an adult Drosophila intricate behavioural repertoire that involves the senses of proprioception, hearing, touch, olfaction, balancing and graviception. Mechanotransduction are mediated by a wide variety of specialized sensilla and sensory neurons that comprise the antenna. The eye and antenna of Drosophila melanogaster are derived from a cluster of approximately 23 cells that are set aside during embryonic development and are constantly divided during the three larval stages, organizing into an epithelial sac known as the eye‐antennal imaginal disc. During late larval and pupal development, the forward lobe of this epithelium, known as the antennal disc, gives rise to the antenna (an organized tripartite structure), whereas the posterior lobe, known as the eye disc, gives rise to the eye. The development of the antenna is a complex and intricate process that relies on the interplay of numerous genes. Each gene involved contributes to the regulatory network that governs the formation, differentiation, and patterning of specific structures within the antenna, ensuring its proper functionality. Thus, aberrant expression or mutation of any gene results in a faulty antenna. The defectiveness appears in terms of antennal structure leading to loss of function including defective behaviour found in an organism. A similar kind of structure–function relation of hearing with a behavioural defect has been reported in vertebrates. Some of the behavioural defects associated with genes are conserved in both vertebrates and Drosophila. Thus, a behavioural assay is an adaptable approach to studying the functionality of various genes associated with the antennae. Here a crucial relationship is established between the genetic regulation of mechanosensory neurons and an organism's behaviour. The current review summarizes antennae development, function and several methods used to study the mechanosensory behaviour associated with Drosophila antennae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spite of 150 years of studying malaria, the unique features of the malarial parasite, Plasmodium, still perplex researchers. One of the methods by which the parasite manages its gene expression is epigenetic regulation, the champion of which is PfGCN5, an essential enzyme responsible for acetylating histone proteins. PfGCN5 is a ∼170 kDa chromatin‐remodeling enzyme that harbors the conserved bromodomain and acetyltransferase domain situated in its C‐terminus domain. Although the PfGCN5 proteolytic processing is essential for its activity, the specific protease involved in this process still remains elusive. Identification of PfGCN5 interacting proteins through immunoprecipitation (IP) followed by LC‐tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of food vacuolar proteins, such as the cysteine protease Falcipain 3 (FP3), in addition to the typical members of the PfGCN5 complex. The direct interaction between FP3 and PfGCN5 was further validated by in vitro pull‐down assay as well as IP assay. Subsequently, use of cysteine protease inhibitor E64d led to the inhibition of protease‐specific processing of PfGCN5 with concomitant enrichment and co‐localization of PfGCN5 and FP3 around the food vacuole as evidenced by confocal microscopy as well as electron microscopy. Remarkably, the proteolytic cleavage of the nuclear protein PfGCN5 by food vacuolar protease FP3 is exceptional and atypical in eukaryotic organisms. Targeting the proteolytic processing of GCN5 and the associated protease FP3 could provide a novel approach for drug development aimed at addressing the growing resistance of parasites to current antimalarial drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employee churn or attrition presents significant challenges, especially in emerging markets, where it can disrupt business operations and inflate recruitment costs. This research leverages machine learning techniques to predict employee churn, focusing on developing sustainable and inclusive retention strategies that enhance business competitiveness. By analyzing a range of predictive algorithms and key variables associated with churn, the study identifies the most effective models for predicting attrition. A comprehensive exploratory data analysis was conducted using an indigenous machine learning model, offering practical insights for human resource management in emerging markets. The findings align with the sustainable development goals (SDGs), promoting decent work, and economic growth. This study contributes to business strategy by proposing data‐driven solutions for workforce stability and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how audit committee characteristics influence sustainable firms' performance within Bangladeshi commercial banks. Using data from 26 publicly traded banks over 13 years (2011–2023), this research investigates the impact of audit committee size, independence, and meeting frequency on both financial and market‐based performance metrics. Specifically, the findings reveal that larger audit committees (ACs) are associated with higher market valuation, indicating that committee size contributes to strategic oversight and governance effectiveness. Independent audit committee members also enhance both financial (Return on Assets) and market‐based (Tobin's Q) performance, underscoring their role in promoting transparency, accountability, and alignment with sustainable goals. However, frequent audit committee meetings correlate with diminished performance, suggesting that overly frequent sessions may lead to inefficiencies rather than improved oversight. These results indicate that structuring ACs with balanced size and independence and avoiding excessive meetings, is essential to support sustainable growth, particularly in emerging economies such as Bangladesh. The study contributes to corporate governance and sustainability literature by providing empirical insights into audit committee practices that align governance structures with long‐term corporate strategy and sustainable growth. Practical implications include the potential for regulatory reforms that enhance corporate governance, focusing on committee composition and meeting practices to foster sustainable firm performance in the financial sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the strategic role of carbon disclosure in shaping firm performance and board heterogeneity among heavily polluting companies in Bangladesh from 2013 to 2023. Using empirical data from 150 companies listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange, the research examines the impact of board diversity—specifically gender, tenure, and educational heterogeneity—on carbon disclosure practices. The findings reveal that board gender and tenure heterogeneity negatively affect carbon disclosure, whereas educational heterogeneity has a positive impact. Additionally, firm performance shows a negative effect on carbon disclosure but does not significantly moderate the influence of board heterogeneity. These results underscore the importance of board diversity in enhancing carbon disclosure practices, thereby contributing to improved environmental management and firm performance in heavily polluting industries in Bangladesh. This research, grounded in legitimacy theory, stakeholder theory, and corporate governance literature, provides valuable insights for academics, practitioners, and policymakers focused on business strategies for environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs), the pervasive and ubiquitous endocrine‐disrupting chemicals of environmental concern, generated annually on a million‐ton scale, are primarily employed as plasticisers in the production of a variety of plastic products and as additives in a large number of commercial supplies. The increased awareness of various adverse effects on the ecosystem and human health including reproductive and developmental disorders has led to a striking increase in research interest aimed at managing these man‐made oestrogenic chemicals. In these circumstances, microbial metabolism appeared as the major realistic process to neutralise the toxic burdens of PAEs in an ecologically accepted manner. Among a wide variety of microbial species capable of degrading/transforming PAEs reported so far, bacteria‐mediated degradation has been studied most extensively. The main purpose of this review is to provide current knowledge of metabolic imprints of microbial degradation/transformation of PAEs, a co‐contaminant of plastic pollution. In addition, this communication illustrates the recent advancement of the structure–functional aspects of the key metabolic enzyme phthalate hydrolase, their inducible regulation of gene expression and evolutionary relatedness, besides prioritising future research needs to facilitate the development of new insights into the bioremediation of PAE in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of thermal (95°C, 5 min), pulsed light (PL, 1.64 kJ/cm2 available fluence) and microwave (MW, 2 kW, and 16 min ≈ 90°C final temperature) treatment on various quality attributes and shelf‐life of bael (Aegle marmelos) beverage was investigated. The quality parameters under consideration included microbial growth, enzyme activity, bioactive components, sensory quality, and physicochemical properties. Effects of different packaging materials (ethyl vinyl alcohol (EVOH) and multilayered (ML) pouches) and storage temperatures (25°C and 4°C) were also explored. The rate of sample deterioration, loss of bioactive components, and sensory qualities increased with higher storage temperature. MW and thermal processing showed better storage stability based on the minimum microbial counts, enzyme activities, and minimal changes in soluble solids. Least sedimentation was seen in thermally treated samples. MW treatment was better in preventing alterations in pH and titratable acidity (at 25°C), reducing sugars, browning, and sensory acceptance. On 50th day at 4°C, higher total phenolic content (59%–64%), antioxidant capacity (69%–72%), and total carotenoid content (136%–139%) were obtained with the PL treatment. For both packaging materials, a shelf‐life of 40–50 days (as per aerobic mesophile count ≤ 4.0 log CFU/mL) and 30 days (as per overall sensory acceptability > 5) at 4°C was obtained for thermal and microwave. As per AM count, shelf‐life of PL irradiated beverages was 40 days, and according to sensory acceptability, it was 30 days. Overall, MW processed beverages stored in ML‐pouches and at 4°C exhibited better shelf life and storage quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the demand for protective clothing for specific activities has been fueled by consumer's attitudes toward hygiene and their active lifestyles. The aim of the present work is focused on creating protective textiles that are safe for the environment. This study uses mushroom–neem oil and neem oil to test their antioxidant properties to make cotton fabric that resists bacterial growth. Pad dry cure is used to create antimicrobial fabric with mushroom–neem oil and neem oil with citric acid (1%) as a cross‐linking agent. The antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and antioxidant activity by DPPH assay were assessed by applying mushroom–neem oil and neem oil separately to cotton knitted fabric at 120, 130, 140, and 150°C. FTIR and EDS were used to study the incorporation of mushroom–neem oil and neem oil on cotton fabric surfaces. Both the treated and untreated fabric surface morphology were examined using scanning electron microscopy. An increase in curing temperature was found to change the comfort characteristics of the treated fabric. The analysis also found that antimicrobials reduced thermal conductivity. Most importantly, increasing the curing temperature improved all comfort properties. Notably, fabric treated with mushroom neem oil is more comfortable than fabric treated with neem oil. Highlights: Cotton fabrics with mushroom–neem and neem oil showed antibacterial activity.Neem oil‐treated fabrics had better antioxidant properties than mushroom–neem oil.Higher curing temperatures reduced thermal conductivity and improved comfort.Mushroom–neem oil samples have superior physical properties.Bioactive material treatments can reduce chemical and environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 12 years‐old, male indigenous dog was presented to Shahedul Alam Qaderi Teaching Veterinary Hospital (SAQTVH) in Chattogram, Bangladesh with a large tumour on its right front leg. The histopathological findings of the tumour were highly suggestive of an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS). The tumour was surgically removed from the dog. While there had been no recurrence for 5 months, the patient died 5 months post‐operatively. The cause of the death and presence of metastasis could not be confirmed as follow‐up investigations were declined by the owner. A histopathological study showed poorly differentiated neoplastic mononuclear cells forming nests in an alveolar pattern. Despite that the limited resources prevented myogenin staining for diagnostic confirmation, the well‐contained, defined appearance of the tumour supports the diagnosis of ARMS. This report highlights the challenges in diagnosing and treating ARMS in indigenous dogs and emphasizes the need for further research and diagnostic markers to improve detection and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing interest in Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) resulted in various approaches to the EOP prediction algorithms, as well as in the exploitation of distinct input data, including the observed EOP values from various operational data centers and modeled effective angular momentum functions. Considering these developments and recently emerged new methodologies, the Second Earth Orientation Parameters Prediction Comparison Campaign (2nd EOP PCC) was pursued in 2021–2022. The campaign was led by Centrum Badań Kosmicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk in cooperation with Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum and under the auspices of the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service. This paper provides the analysis and evaluation of the polar motion predictions submitted during the 2nd EOP PCC with the prediction horizons between 10 and 30 days. Our analysis shows that predictions are highly reliable with only a few occasional discrepancies identified in the submitted files. We demonstrate the accuracy of EOP predictions by (a) calculating the mean absolute error relative to polar motion observations from September 2021 through December 2022 and (b) assessing the stability of the predictions in time. The analysis shows unequal results for the x and y components of polar motion (PMx and PMy, respectively). Predictions of PMy are usually more accurate and have a smaller spread across all submitted files when compared to PMx. We present an analysis of similarity between the participants to indicate what methods and input data give comparable output. We also prepared the ranking of prediction methods for polar motion summarizing the achievements of the campaign. Plain Language Summary: Polar motion consists of two time‐variable angles that characterize the orientation of the Earth's rotational axis with respect to a terrestrial reference frame attached to the surface of the solid Earth. It can be measured by space geodetic techniques, like Global Navigation Satellite Systems or Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). However, the final VLBI solutions used by geodetic processing centers to provide the values of polar motion have a latency of around 1 month. Therefore, predicted values are necessary for operational applications such as spacecraft navigation. To assess current methods of predicting polar motion time series, the Second EOP Prediction Comparison Campaign was pursued under the auspices of the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service. The campaign aimed to test current achievements in polar motion predictions obtained with a variety of computational methods (including least squares, machine learning, and a Kalman filter) under realistic conditions. By evaluating the results of the campaign, we show that some of the prediction methods utilized do indeed reduce prediction errors and enhance prediction accuracy by using geophysical information from the fluid Earth's layers: Atmosphere, oceans, and terrestrial hydrosphere. Key Points: Polar motion predictions for the y component are more accurate than for the x componentLeast squares and auto regression with effective angular momentum data provides the best results for polar motion predictionSome of the submitted predictions show higher accuracy than the IERS solution [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of artificial opto‐electronic synaptic devices plays a crucial role for the practical implementation of energy‐efficient, parallel processing of human brain. In this article, two terminal inter‐digitated devices are fabricated on Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) thin films grown on sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique to study its ability to mimic biological synaptic behaviors. The layers are found to exhibit long persistent photo‐conductivity (PPC) effect, which is identified to be the key parameter to replicate the behavior of biological synapses. Channel resistance and PPC time constants should also be optimized to improve the efficiency of response and energy consumption of synaptic devices. It has been observed that both conductivity and the PPC decay time of Ga2O3‐films can be controlled by varying oxygen pressure (∅O2)$({{{\emptyset }_{{{O}_2}}}})$ and growth temperature (TG). These devices demonstrate their ability to perform paired pulse facilitation (PPF) at very low applied bias in mV‐range. They can mimic biological synapses showing short‐to‐long‐term memory transition (STM‐to‐LTM) and learning‐forgetting behavior. One of these devices is found to show synaptic behavior with the energy consumption of as low as 71fJ electrical and 21nJ optical per synaptic event. These findings thus strengthen the candidature of Ga2O3 films for the development of next‐generation opto‐electronic neuromorphic devices and systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most common and aggressive ovarian malignancy. Accumulating evidence indicates that HGSOC may originate from human fallopian tube epithelial cells (FTECs), although the exact pathogen(s) and/or molecular mechanism underlying the malignant transformation of FTECs is unclear. Here we show that human papillomavirus (HPV), which could reach FTECs via retrograde menstruation or sperm-carrying, interacts with the yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) to drive the malignant transformation of FTECs. HPV prevents FTECs from natural replicative and YAP1-induced senescence, thereby promoting YAP1-induced malignant transformation of FTECs. HPV also stimulates proliferation and drives metastasis of YAP1-transformed FTECs. YAP1, in turn, stimulates the expression of the putative HPV receptors and suppresses the innate immune system to facilitate HPV acquisition. These findings provide critical clues for developing new strategies to prevent and treat HGSOC. Synopsis: Human papillomavirus (HPV) and hyperactivated YAP1 form a YAP1-HPV oncogenic alliance to drive the malignant transformation of fallopian tube epithelial cells and the initiation of high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). High-risk HPV and hyperactivated YAP1 drive the malignant transformation of fallopian tube epithelial cells. High-risk HPV aids YAP1 oncogenic activities by overriding oncogene-induced senescence. Hyperactivated YAP1 facilitates HPV infection by increasing HPV receptors and suppressing innate immunity. HPV is a neglected preventable ovarian cancer risk factor. Human papillomavirus (HPV) and hyperactivated YAP1 form a YAP1-HPV oncogenic alliance to drive the malignant transformation of fallopian tube epithelial cells and the initiation of high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural fiber composites are a renewable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional synthetic materials that combine the biodegradability and essential durability of natural fibers with adaptability. Improved adhesion between fibers and matrix can be accomplished by comparing surface treatments applied to sugarcane, water hyacinth, and banana plant wastes. This will allow us to produce composite materials that are more durable and sustainable. To study the mechanical and morphological characteristics of the composites, two surface treatments were applied: gamma radiation at a dose of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 kGy and alkali treatment at a concentration of 5, 10, and 15%. The study revealed that with the increasing treatment of alkali solution, improvements in the composite's mechanical characteristics whereas gamma irradiation treatment enhanced the mechanical properties to a certain extent (2 kGy) after that the mechanical traits dwindled significantly. SEM, XRD, and FTIR analysis of the developed composite samples also revealed the reasons for the improvements in mechanical properties after alkali and gamma radiation treatments. As an ecofriendly and lightweight substitute for conventional materials, bio epoxy composites reinforced with natural fibers can be used for car interior panels, eco‐friendly furniture and as a replacement for any plasticware offering eco‐sustainability for contemporary living space. Highlights: Natural fiber composites offer a renewable and eco‐friendly alternative to synthetic materials, combining biodegradability with durability.Surface treatments like gamma radiation and alkali treatment enhance composite's mechanical properties.Higher concentrations of alkali treatment improve mechanical characteristics, while gamma irradiation peaks at 2 kGy.Surface treatments offer promising avenues for advancing environmentally friendly materials, contributing to sustainable innovations in material science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topoisomerase‐IB changes the topological state of DNA during central dogma by the formation of intermediate bond in between active amino acid and DNA strand. How the hydrogen bonding provides hooks restriction during the topological change and gives the conformational change. This study employs a 200 ns Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation to analyze the conformational changes of Topo‐IB resulting from artificially created intermediate bonds. Specifically, the study focuses on hydrogen bonding interactions between Tyrosine at position Y509 in the protein and Thymine at DT561 in the DNA. The investigation reveals that these artificial intermediate bonds act as temporary hooks, stabilizing the complex's structure, and driving significant conformational changes. The analysis of Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) and Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF) values underscores the dynamic nature of the complex, with artificial intermediate bonds playing a pivotal role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant phenotyping is the science to quantify the quality, photosynthesis, development, growth, and biomass productivity of different crop plants. In the past, plant phenotyping employed methods such as grid count and regression models. However, the grid count method proved to be labor‐intensive and time‐consuming, while the regression model lacked accuracy in calculating leaf area. To address these challenges, a portable automatic platform was developed for precise ground‐based imaging of field plots. This platform consisted of a frame, an RGB camera, a stepper motor, a control board, and a battery. The RGB camera captured images, which were then processed using MATLAB software. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the results obtained from the grid count, regression model, and image processing techniques. The correlation coefficient (r) between the image processing technique and the regression model for sunflower was found to be 0.98 and 0.97, respectively, whereas for kidney bean it was 0.99 and 0.96, respectively. The minimum and maximum values for leaf area density (LAD) of all selected sunflower leaves were determined to be 0.132 and 0.714 m²/m³, respectively. For kidney bean leaves, the minimum and maximum mean LAD values were found to be 0.081 and 0.239 m²/m³, respectively. Ergonomic aspects of the developed automatic system were studied. The developed system had lower physiological parameters, such as working heart rate of 99 beats/min, work pulse of 18 beats/min, oxygen consumption of 786 mL/min, and energy consumption of 11.5 kJ/min compared to the grid count method. Thus, developed automatic ground‐based imaging system would significantly reduce physiological workload and associated hazards. Therefore, the developed method proved satisfactory in comparison to other techniques, offering a quick, efficient, and user‐friendly approach for determining plant phenotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural fiber‐reinforced composites have emerged as a promising alternative in various industries, including automotive, aerospace, construction, and civil engineering, owing to their eco‐friendly nature and favorable mechanical properties. However, challenges such as low thermal stability and high moisture absorption limit their widespread use. To overcome these limitations, surface modifications such as mercerization, benzoylation, silane treatment, and acetylation have been extensively explored. Hybrid composites (HCs), combining natural and synthetic fibers, offer a compelling solution by harnessing the unique properties of both materials. This review comprehensively examines the types of fibers and polymers utilized in HCs, along with various chemical treatments to enhance their properties. Additionally, a detailed analysis of different manufacturing processes for HCs is provided, including hand lay‐up, vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding, autoclave molding, injection molding, and compression molding. Furthermore, this review highlights recent advancements in HCs and their applications. Significant outcomes include a deeper understanding of the synergistic effects between natural and synthetic fibers, improved mechanical and thermal properties, and enhanced applications in diverse industries. The potential of HCs as a sustainable and high‐performance material solution emphasizes the importance of ongoing research and innovation in this field to overcome existing challenges and unlock new possibilities for composite engineering. Highlights: Surface modifications such as mercerization, benzoylation, and silane treatment enhance the properties of natural fibers in composite materials.Hybrid composites (HCs) offer unique advantages by combining natural and synthetic fibers, including improved thermal, mechanical, and damping properties.Various chemical treatments and manufacturing processes contribute to enhancing the properties and applications of HCs.Recent advancements in HCs have led to an improved understanding and utilization of composite engineering across multiple industries.The review discusses challenges, opportunities, and future prospects for HCs, emphasizing the need for ongoing research and innovation in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for superhydrophobic fabric with self‐cleaning and antibacterial features as potential practical applications has been rising steadily with the passage of time. In this research work, the wet chemical method is used to manufacture cotton with a superhydrophobic coating. Thus, Nanoparticles of silver were produced by using an in situ method. Afterward, the fabric is treated with a solution of perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane to make it superhydrophobic. The cotton fabric performs remarkably with exceptional hydrophobicity as it had a contact angle of 157 ± 1° and less than 10° in sliding angle. Water droplet's dynamic behavior is also studied so that the superhydrophobic fabric development can be proven. The fabric shows excellent chemical durability by performing chemical tests. The antimicrobial and self‐cleaning properties are greatly enhanced by the superhydrophobic coating on cotton. Particle density on the superhydrophobic cotton before and after self‐cleaning was found 5.1 and 0.4 mg/cm2. In addition, the treated cotton fabric also exhibited superior antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli bacteria. Therefore, the developed multifunctional cotton fabric can be used in real‐life applications. Highlights: Cotton fabric enables to repelling of dirt, oil, and water‐based stains more effectively.Silver nanoparticles possess potent antibacterial properties.Incorporation of PFOTS controls the release of silver into the environment.Versatile applications from healthcare and hospitality to outdoor and athletic apparel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton is the most widely used natural cellulosic polymer and polyester is a synthetic polymer. The use of polyester fiber is increasing gradually day by day due to its strength and longevity, while the use of cotton fiber is decreasing due to its unavailability. At present, the use of cotton‐polyester composites is ubiquitous. This research work aims to assess the physical, mechanical and comfort properties of the woven fabric using cotton‐polyester composite yarns in a weft direction and coarser yarn count because of the use of these fabrics in the future for the denim manufacturing process. Four different samples were fabricated by using 100% cotton (10 Ne) yarn in the warp direction and 100% cotton, cotton‐polyester composite, and 100% polyester yarn in the weft direction of the fabric. Similar fabric and machine parameters were maintained for manufacturing all the samples. The samples were then tested for areal density, tensile strength, thickness, abrasion resistance and pilling, drape, flexural rigidity, and air permeability to find the optimum capability of the fabric. Physico‐mechanical properties with the proportion of increasing polyester components in fabrics improves areal density (184 to 199 g/m2), strength (almost 19 times in weft direction), drape (0.655% to 0.789%), and flexural rigidity (almost double). On the other hand, increasing comfortability properties with the proportion of cotton components in fabrics improve air permeability (139.85 to 159.58 cc/s/cm2), abrasion (only 3.036% mass loss), and pilling resistance (grading 4 after 2000 cycles). Highlights: Composite yarns made of cotton and polyester provide a method of improving fabric properties for better performance.Higher proportions of cotton make clothes more breathable and less likely to pill and wear out.Polyester parts make fabrics stronger, more durable, and less likely to wear out.Cotton‐polyester composites are ideal and have potential for various textile applications.Blending natural and synthetic fibers composite allows for customized fabrics that meet specific performance needs without compromising comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing mechanically robust and chemically tolerant coatings that maintain a high water content remains an extremely challenging task to pursue to date. Here, an optimum reinforcement of a hollow nano‐clay i.e., halloysite in a dual crosslinked and interpenetrating polymeric network is introduced to yield a high (≈95 wt%) water content coating with an ability to improve toughness (9.9 ± 0.6 MJm−3 Vs. 0.5 ± 0.03 MJ m−3) of a deformable fibrous substrate. The association of covalent and physical crosslinking chemistries provides essential tolerance against exposures to diverse severe chemically complex conditions, including extremes of pH, seawater, river water, and organic solvents. High water content in the prepared hydrogel network endows a robust bio‐inspired underwater nonadhesive superoleophobicity with oil contact angle of 160.7 ± 0.2° and force of oil‐droplet adhesion of 8.7 ± 0.3 µN. This approach provides a liquid selective filtrating membrane with ultrahigh crude oil/water separation efficiency (99.7%), superior intrusion pressure (3.5 ± 0.4 kPa), relatively high separation flux (11,162 Lm−2 h−1), and the ability to perform even when the surface tension of aqueous phase is brought down to similar of oily phase. Moreover, a mixture of immiscible, non‐aqueous liquids having differences in surface tension below 2.5 mN m−1 is successfully separated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification of the onset and retreat dates of the monsoon season is a crucial and intricate phenomenon, given its annual spatiotemporal variability. The monsoon season contributes significantly to rainfall, replenishing water sources and hydrological systems but causes hydrological extremes, especially for the high‐altitude watersheds in Southeast Asia. Global Circulation Model (GCM)‐Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6)‐based rainfall and temperature data are helpful for adequately representing present and future climate scenarios. However, the usability of uncorrected GCM‐CMIP6 datasets needs to be assessed regionally. This study focuses on identifying the best‐suited GCM‐CMIP6 based on the monsoon onset (MO) and retreat (MR) dates along with other climatological temporal parameters. A numerical definition for MO and MR has been formulated to find the best‐suited GCM‐CMIP6 (i.e., CMCC‐ESM2). In this context, runoff simulation is carried out using the meteorological inputs of the monsoon onset‐retreat (MOR)‐based best‐suited GCM to evaluate its usability. A multi‐model simulation approach has been carried out for runoff estimation based on observed datasets to find a better‐suited hydrological model. The proposed overall methodology is tested in a hydrological extreme‐prone ungauged watershed (i.e., Ranikhola). CMCC‐ESM2 and SSP2‐4.5 has been identified as best‐suited SSP based on statistical evolution (R2 [0.693], NSE [0.662] and RSR [0.581]) for future daily runoff prediction. Future hydrological analysis shows that the average monsoon peak runoff magnitude will increase from the calibrated period (2015–2020) by 18.01% in the coming years (2021–2049). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient one‐step reagent‐free synthesis of 4‐Aryl/alkylamino‐1,2‐naphthoquinones in water and iPrOH (1 : 1) mixture was carried out at room temperature (RT) using 4‐amino‐3‐hydroxynaphthalene‐1‐sulfonic acid and various primary and secondary aryl and alkyl amines. The reaction did not proceed in the absence of air or oxygen. In all cases, good yields (isolated yield: ≥65 %) were observed. The compounds exhibited fluorescence emission bands (400–470 nm) in the visible region upon excitation at their respective λmax values (330–350 nm). We evaluated in vitro cytotoxicity of some of the derivatives against two human breast cancer cell lines (MCF‐7, and MDA‐MB‐231) using the WST‐1 assay. The naphthoquinone derivatives did not show any cytotoxic effects at concentration levels relevant to cellular fluorescence imaging. The imaging experiments revealed that a few of the derivatives hold the potential to be used as cellular fluorescent imaging probes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Physical activity (PA) during pregnancy has numerous benefits, which may be mediated via effects on the immune system. However, supportive evidence is inconsistent and is mainly from studies in high‐risk groups. We estimated the effect of PA during pregnancy on systemic inflammatory markers and cytokines in mothers recruited in the Barwon infant study. Material and Methods: The Barwon infant study is a prebirth cohort of 1064 mothers recruited in the Barwon Region of Victoria, Australia. Participants reported their previous week's PA at their 28‐week antenatal appointment using the International PA Questionnaire. Women were grouped into low, moderate, and high PA categories based on daily duration and weekly frequency of walking, moderate‐ or vigorous‐intensity PA. Women reporting moderate levels of PA, consistent with current recommendations, served as the comparison group. Markers of systemic inflammation, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA), and 17 cytokines were measured at 28 weeks gestation and log transformed as appropriate. Regression analyses adjusted for maternal smoking, gestational diabetes mellitus, prepregnancy BMI, and household size were performed. Results: Compared to women in the moderate group (n = 371, 42%), women reporting low PA (n = 436, 50%) had 10.1% higher hsCRP (95% CI (3.7% to 16.6%), p < 0.01) while women in high PA (n = 76, 9%) had a 14% higher hsCRP (95% CI (3.1% to 24.8%), p = 0.01). Women in the high PA category had higher interleukin (IL)‐4 (q = 0.03) and IL‐9 (q = 0.03) levels compared to those in moderate category. Each vigorous MET minute/week was associated with lower GlycA (β = −0.004, 95% CI (−0.044 to 0.035); p = 0.03). Conclusions: Low and high PA are each associated with higher hsCRP than moderate PA, suggesting that undertaking the recommended moderate PA during pregnancy decreases systemic inflammation. High PA affects T cell‐associated cytokines during pregnancy. Evidence from our study suggests that PA can modulate the immune responses during pregnancy. Studies are now required to assess whether PA during pregnancy impacts maternal and infant clinical outcomes by modifying inflammatory responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers a perspective on principles and care pathways for caries management in children. Topics discussed include advances in the science of cariology, evidence-based care pathway for caries management, prevention and restorative strategies, caries risk/susceptibility assessment, shared decision-making in oral healthcare, and active surveillance as part of restorative dental care, advances in clinical caries management for children, improvements for oral health systems.

This paper examines the shifts in investor sentiment during the Russia–Ukraine war and its consequent impact on market volatility. By employing a comprehensive dataset that includes the S&P 500 index, historical Bitcoin prices, the Investor Sentiment Index, the Industrial Production Index, and the US Consumer Price Index, this study applies several econometric models such as generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models, regression analyses, vector error correction models (VECM), and the Granger causality model. The analysis spans from January 2021 to March 2023. The findings indicate that investor sentiment significantly influences returns in both stock and cryptocurrency markets, having a positive effect. These results underscore the importance for investors and policymakers to monitor investor sentiment during periods of conflict to understand its potential impact on financial markets. This research offers valuable insights that can guide investment decisions and inform policy interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of triple metal oxide nanocomposites has revolutionized materials science due to their unique properties resulting from the interaction of multiple oxide components. This study aimed to synthesize mixed metal oxide nanocomposites using a co‐precipitation method with copper sulfate, silver nitrate, and potassium permanganate as precursor salts and sodium hydroxide as the precipitating agent. The resulting Ag−Cu−MnO triple metal composite was extensively characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS), and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR). The composite exhibited effective bactericidal efficacy against various bacterial strains, including Enterobacter bugandensis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, the composite demonstrated notable photocatalytic activity, degrading 87.26 % of 50 ppm Eosin Yellow within 140 minutes under sunlight irradiation, as monitored by a UV‐vis spectrophotometer. This study highlights the dual functionality of the synthesized composite as both a photocatalyst and an antibacterial agent. These findings underscore its potential for diverse applications in environmental remediation and healthcare, marking a significant advancement in materials science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migrant workers in India represent one of the most marginalised segments of the population and often find employment in highly vulnerable sectors such as construction, tourism, and hospitality, making their lives more stressful. This study, based on a qualitative approach, explores the reasons for migration, stress‐related experiences, and the coping strategies of migrant hospitality workers in India following the Covid crisis. Primary data through personal interviews has been collected from 21 migrant workers employed in hospitality organisations in the Delhi‐NCR (National Capital Region) region of India. A thematic analysis was performed to extract key themes from the qualitative data. The findings show that a lack of employment opportunities and rigid societal norms drive these workers towards cities. The stressors include family obligations, precarious work, and entrapping debt. Further, these workers typically cope by managing their emotions, acknowledging that they cannot address the problems that are leading to their stress. The study puts forth practical steps that public actors/government can take to implement policies designed to enhance the living and working conditions of these migrant workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, a significant risk factor for chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric adenocarcinoma, poses a formidable challenge due to the lack of sensitive and selective sensing platforms. Herein, we report the synthesis of a zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (ZIF‐67) derived Co/Co3O4/C (CoNH) porous nanostructure, optimized for the electrochemical immunosensing of H. pylori‐specific antigen VacA. By calcining ZIF‐67 at elevated temperatures, we obtained CoNH with enhanced electroactivity and conductivity, crucial for signal enhancement. The synthesized CoNH was thoroughly characterized using SEM, TEM, XPS, Raman, and FT‐IR techniques. Further signal amplification was achieved by introducing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto CoNH‐modified screen‐printed carbon electrodes. Systematic investigation at each modification stage led to an optimized immunosensing platform with high sensitivity and selectivity for VacA detection. The developed immunosensor demonstrated the capability to detect low concentrations of VacA (0.1 ng/ml) within a wide linear range (0.1–50 ng/ml) with long‐term stability. This highly sensitive and selective biosensor holds promise for early‐stage diagnosis of H. pylori infection and gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal fibrosis (RF) is one of the underlying pathological conditions leading to progressive loss of renal function and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Over the years, various therapeutic approaches have been explored to combat RF and prevent ESRD. Despite significant advances in understanding the underlying molecular mechanism(s), effective therapeutic interventions for RF are limited. Current therapeutic strategies primarily target these underlying mechanisms to halt or reverse fibrotic progression. Inhibition of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling, a pivotal mediator of RF has emerged as a central strategy to manage RF. Small molecules, peptides, and monoclonal antibodies that target TGF‐β receptors or downstream effectors have demonstrated potential in preclinical models. Modulating the renin–angiotensin system and targeting the endothelin system also provide established approaches for controlling fibrosis‐related hemodynamic changes. Complementary to pharmacological strategies, lifestyle modifications, and dietary interventions contribute to holistic management. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the underlying mechanisms of RF and provide an overview of the therapeutic strategies and novel antifibrotic agents that hold promise in its treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expression level of a gene can vary between genetically identical cells under the same environmental condition—a phenomenon referred to as gene expression noise. Several studies have now elucidated a central role of transcription factors in the generation of expression noise. Transcription factors, as the key components of gene regulatory networks, drive many important cellular decisions in response to cellular and environmental signals. Therefore, a very relevant question is how expression noise impacts gene regulation and influences cellular decision‐making. In this Review, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular origins of expression noise, highlighting the role of transcription factors in this process, and discuss the ways in which noise can influence cellular decision‐making. As advances in single‐cell technologies open new avenues for studying expression noise as well as gene regulatory circuits, a better understanding of the influence of noise on cellular decisions will have important implications for many biological processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria (ARBs) and genes (ARGs) in aquaculture underscores the urgent need for alternative veterinary strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). These measures are vital to reduce the likelihood of entering a post‐antibiotic era. Identifying environmentally friendly biotechnological solutions to prevent and treat bacterial diseases is crucial for the sustainability of aquaculture and for minimizing the use of antimicrobials, especially antibiotics. The development of probiotics with quorum‐quenching (QQ) capabilities presents a promising non‐antibiotic strategy for sustainable aquaculture. Recent research has demonstrated the effectiveness of QQ probiotics (QQPs) against a range of significant fish pathogens in aquaculture. QQ disrupts microbial communication (quorum sensing, QS) by inhibiting the production, replication, and detection of signalling molecules, thereby reducing bacterial virulence factors. With their targeted anti‐virulence approach, QQPs have substantial promise as a potential alternative to antibiotics. The application of QQPs in aquaculture, however, is still in its early stages and requires additional research. Key challenges include determining the optimal dosage and treatment regimens, understanding the long‐term effects, and integrating QQPs with other disease control methods in diverse aquaculture systems. This review scrutinizes the current literature on antibiotic usage, AMR prevalence in aquaculture, QQ mechanisms and the application of QQPs as a sustainable alternative to antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomedical imaging devices, in general, have been made and used a lot lately to examine the insides of the body during diagnostic and analytic procedures. Biomedical imaging gives accurate information about metabolites, which can be used to find and classify diseases because it is not invasive. For the study of cervical cancer (CC), the pap smear is a crucial type of biological imaging. CC is a crucial reason to enhance the rate of women's mortalities. Proper screening of pap smear images is critical for assisting in the early detection and analysis of CC. Computer‐aided systems for cancerous cell recognition need well established artificial intelligence (AI) methods. In this study, we introduce an automated Cervical Precancerous Lesion Classification using Quantum Invasive Weed Optimization with Deep Learning (CPLC‐QIWODL) on biomedical pap smear images. The presented CPLC‐QIWODL technique examines the pap smear images for cervical cancer classification. To do so, the presented CPLC‐QIWODL technique pre‐processes the biomedical images using a Gabor filtering (GF) approach. Moreover, the CPLC‐QIWODL technique uses a deep convolutional neural network‐based SqueezeNet system for feature extraction. Furthermore, the hyperparameter tuning of the SqueezeNet methodology takes place using the QIWO technique, showing the novelty of the work. Finally, to classify CC, the deep variational autoencoder (DVAE) model is applied. The experimental result analysis of the CPLC‐QIWODL technique is tested using a benchmark medical image database. Extensive comparative results demonstrated the enhanced outcomes of the CPLC‐QIWODL technique over other existing algorithms, with a maximum accuracy of 99.07%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recurrent nature of glioblastoma negatively impacts conventional treatment strategies leading to a growing need for nanomedicine. Nanotherapeutics, an approach designed to deliver drugs to specific sites, is experiencing rapid growth and gaining immense popularity. Having potential in reaching the hard‐to‐reach disease sites, this field has the potential to show high efficacy in combatting glioblastoma progression. The presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) is a major factor behind the poor prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Stemness potential, heterogeneity, and self‐renewal capacity, are some of the properties that make GSCs invade across the distant regions of the brain. Despite advances in medical technology and MRI‐guided maximal surgical resection, not all GSCs residing in the brain can be removed, leading to recurrent disease. The aggressiveness of GBM is often correlated with immune suppression, where the T‐cells are unable to infiltrate the cancer initiating GSCs. Standard of care therapies, including surgery and chemotherapy in combination with radiation therapy, have failed to tackle all the challenges of the GSCs, making it increasingly important for researchers to develop strategies to tackle their growth and proliferation and reduce the recurrence of GBM. Here, we will focus on the advancements in the field of nanomedicine that has the potential to show positive impact in managing glioblastoma tumor microenvironment. This article is categorized under:Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic problem of the intestine and relapsing in nature. Biochanin A is a nature‐derived isoflavonoid and has numerous bioactivities. However, its role against UC and intestinal inflammation remains obscure. We aimed to comprehensively explore the pharmacological effect of biochanin A in alleviating colitis and to evaluate the potential mechanisms. Initially, we explored the anti‐inflammatory action of biochanin A (15, 30, and 60 μM) by employing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activated RAW 264.7 cells. In RAW 264.7 cells under LPS stimulation, biochanin A inhibited the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (p < 0.0001), interleukin (IL)−1β (p < 0.0001), IL‐18 (p < 0.01), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α (p < 0.01) release, nitrite production (p < 0.0001), and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) proteins. Next, we studied the effectiveness of biochanin A (20 and 40 mg/kg) in mouse colitis induced with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) by assessing colon length, disease activity index (DAI) scoring, and performing colonoscopy and histological analysis. The pro‐inflammatory cytokines were estimated using ELISA. Western blot studies were performed to assess underlying mechanisms. In mice, biochanin A treatment alleviated DAI score (p < 0.0001), restored colon length (p < 0.05) and morphology, and re‐established colon histopathology. Biochanin A affects the phosphorylation of proteins associated with NF‐κB (p65) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) axis and regulates colonic inflammation by reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Altogether, our findings support the idea that the anticolitis potential of biochanin A is allied with anti‐inflammatory activity by inhibiting the MAPK/NF‐κB (p65) axis. Hence, biochanin A may be an alternative option to alleviate the risk of colitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Specific miRNAs are evident to be overexpressed with age, lifestyle, and environmental changes. Previous studies reported miR‐124 overexpression in different scenarios in aged skin, age‐related cognitive impairment, ischemic heart disease, muscle atrophy, and fractures. Thus miR‐124 was considered to be a reliable miRNA target to establish a hypothesis on aging epigenome. Parallelly the hypothesis focuses on the expression of SIRT1 and VDR genes as a target for this specific miRNA expression as these genes were believed to be related to aging. This study aims to derive facts and evidence from past studies on aging. The objective was to establish a hypothetical linkage between miR‐124 with age‐related genes like SIRT1 and VDR. Methods: An in silico search was performed in the TargetScan and miRbase databases to analyze the aging‐associated miRNAs and their gene targets, the Python seaborn library was used, and the results were represented in terms of a bar plot. Results: Based on an in silico analysis and studies available in the literature, we identified that miR‐124‐3p.1 and miR‐124‐3p.2 targets 3′ UTR of VDR and SIRT1 genes, and hence thereby indicates that the miR‐124 can regulate the expression of these genes. Further, few in vitro research studies have observed that miR‐124 overexpression leads to the downregulation of VDR and SIRT1 gene expression. These results indicate that the suppression of these target genes accelerates early aging and age‐related disorders. Conclusions: Overall, this study hypothesizes that the overexpression of miR‐124 diminishes the expression of VDR and SIRT1 genes, and thereby advances the process of aging, resulting in the development of age‐associated complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atopic dermatitis (AD), the most burdensome skin condition worldwide, is influenced by climatic factors and air pollution; however, the impact of increasing climatic hazards on AD remains poorly characterized. Leveraging an existing framework for 10 climatic hazards related to greenhouse gas emissions, we identified 18 studies with evidence for an impact on AD through a systematic search. Most climatic hazards had evidence for aggravation of AD the impact ranged from direct effects like particulate matter‐induced AD exacerbations from wildfires to the potential for indirect effects like drought‐induced food insecurity and migration. We then created maps comparing the past, present, and future projected burden of climatic hazards to global AD prevalence data. Data are lacking, especially from those regions most likely to experience more climatic hazards. We highlight gaps important for future research: understanding the synergistic impacts of climatic hazards on AD, long‐term disease activity, the differential impact on vulnerable populations, and how basic mechanisms explain population‐level trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This paper analyzes the performance of a cooperative nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in an underlay cognitive radio network aided by an energy harvesting relay. A secondary source transmits signal for two users, where a near user acts as a relay for the far user. The far user applies the selection combining (SC) approach on the signals which were relayed by the near user and received via direct path from the secondary source. We analytically derive the outage probability (OP) of each user separately, the overall system OP, and the throughput of the system. The impact of the power allocation coefficient of NOMA and energy harvesting parameters on outage is indicated. Further, the performance of the network is investigated with imperfection in successive interference cancellation (SIC), maximal ratio combining (MRC) at relay, and Nakagami‐m fading. The results derived analytically are supported by simulation in MATLAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Voronoi diagram is a versatile geometric structure used in solving many computational geometry problems in the field of image analysis, computer vision, engineering, medicine, molecular biology and various other disciplines. As a result it is a popular research domain. The literature boasts of many elegant and efficient methods for the construction of the Voronoi diagram in the real space. But these algorithms often fail to perform well when applied to the discrete domain. We present in this paper a novel algorithm for the construction of discrete Voronoi diagram using digital geometric concepts that takes care of the geometric perspective of the Voronoi diagram in the discrete domain. Although our technique is more suited for the CPU but by careful use of some cut‐off heuristics we are able to design a parallel programming approach for the construction of the Voronoi diagram making use of the GPU computational power. The speedup of our algorithm is compatible with the popular GPU technique for Voronoi diagram construction, namely, Jump flood algorithm. But since our algorithm uses the geometric perspective for the construction of Voronoi diagram it gives more accurate output and hence requires no correction step as is the case for the Jump flood algorithm. Furthermore, our approach focuses on extensibility, allowing for easy amenability for construction of higher dimensional Voronoi diagram. This ensures that the Voronoi diagram generation process can be adapted and expanded upon to meet specific requirements or incorporate future enhancements. We present an implementation of the proposed algorithm on a GPU using TAICHI language and describe its performance benefits on multiple input sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, a novel design of a microstructured quad‐band terahertz metamaterial absorber is presented consisting of a copper‐based merged circular and square split ring resonator‐integrated over a lead glass substrate intended to detect changes in the surrounding medium's refractive index for gas sensing applications through THz spectroscopy. Outstanding performance is shown by the suggested absorber, which achieves a maximum absorption rate of 99.4%, 98.7%, 99.2%, and 99.4%, at resonance frequencies of 8.055 (f1$f_1$), 8.423 (f2$f_2$), 9.257 (f3$f_3$), and 9.507 (f4$f_4$) THz, respectively. The quality factors (Q‐factors) attained are 201, 129, 298, and 271 for these four absorption bands. The obtained sensitivity values at these four distinct bands are 3898, 2927, 4719, and 4102 GHz per refractive index unit with high figure of merits (FoM) of 97, 95, 152, and 117, respectively, throughout a range of refractive indices from n = 1.00 to n = 1.05 (with a step size of 0.005). The study's novelty lies in its novel design and remarkable ability to excel in gas sensing with high sensitivity and high FoM across not just one but four distinct THz bands. Furthermore, each band demonstrates significantly superior performance in sensitivity, Q‐factor, and FoM, among other parameters compared to prior research in both gas detection and RI monitoring scenarios, hence exhibiting its potential across a wide range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]