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ABSTRACT Down syndrome (DS) is a common chromosomal disorder with distinct phenotypes and skin markers. This study reports 39 DS patients, aged 1–44  months, who presented from birth with rough, brownish skin in the dimples of their knees and/or elbows. Dermoscopy revealed hyperkeratosis with brownish scales, and biopsies in six cases showed papillomatosis and mild hyperkeratosis. In the cases followed, the condition resolved spontaneously. Hyperkeratosis in the skin dimples on the knees and elbows seems to be a congenital and perhaps characteristic finding in patients with DS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The hands are one of the areas where skin aging is most noticeable, alongside the face, but limited studies used dermoscopic evaluation on hand aging. The Dermoscopy Photoaging Scale (DPAS) is frequently used to assess face aging but is never used for hand aging. Treating skin aging using chemical peeling is a commonly used method to rejuvenate the skin on the hands, as it is relatively affordable. Using multiple chemical peels may yield more significant results. Aims: To determine the effectiveness of a chemical peeling combination in retarding hand aging and to assess the utility of DPAS in this process. Methods: This study involved 69 Fitzpatrick skin types III–IV volunteers aged 20–69. One hand of each participant was treated with 20% glycolic acid (GA), while the other received a combination of peels consisting of 20% GA and 15% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The hands were clinically examined before and after the treatments, and dermoscopic examinations were performed using a modified DPAS. Results: Four treatments improved clinical and dermoscopic characteristics in both hands. The combined peeling considerably improved pigmentation intensity on the dorsal hand compared to the GA peel (p < 0.001). Post‐chemical peeling patient satisfaction increased significantly. Conclusions: The modified DPAS is a valuable instrument to assess the signs of hand aging. The combination of GA and TCA effectively improves skin aging of the hands and offers an accessible and economical option for addressing skin aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Rosacea diagnosis and treatment in children are challenging, due to its rarity and to the lack of approved pharmacological agents for its treatment in this age group. In this case series, response to treatment with once daily applications of ivermectin (IVM) 1% cream for 12 weeks in 10 children affected by mild to severe inflammatory rosacea was evaluated clinically by Investigator Erythema Severity Assessment (IESA), Investigator Global Assessment of Severity (IGA‐S), Investigator Global Assessment score of Global Efficacy (IGA‐GE), and instrumentally by dermoscopy and Erythema‐Directed Digital Photography (EDDP). Clinical improvement was achieved at the end of treatment compared to baseline (IESA: 2.3 vs. 0.5; IGA‐S: 2.1 vs. 0.3) and confirmed by IGA‐GE (0 = 55%, 1 = 33%, 3 = 11%) and instrumental monitoring (EDDP: 2.7 vs. 0.6). Once daily IVM application may be an effective therapeutic option for children with rosacea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Objective Methods Results Conclusion The occurrence of scalp seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is closely related to the production of sebum and scalp barrier function. Supramolecular salicylic acid has the keratolytic and anti‐inflammatory properties, and zinc pyrithione is an antifungal drug delivered as a microparticle to skin epithelia.This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of 2% supramolecular salicylic acid (SSA) combined with 0.8% zinc pyrithione conditioner (SSA‐ZP) in treating scalp SD focusing on key outcome measures including sebum levels and scalp barrier function.Five patients with mild to moderate scalp SD were included in the 2‐week self‐controlled prospective study, receiving daily SSA‐ZP treatment. Evaluation on days 0, 7, and 14 included dermoscopy, the adherent scalp flaking scale (ASFS), sebum level, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), pH, and stratum corneum hydration. We also performed the fungal count across specific scalp regions, such as the left and right sides of the forehead, the top of the head, and the occiput.Five patients with mild to moderate scalp SD participated in this study. After 2 weeks of SSA‐ZP treatment, significant reductions in ASFS scores, sebum levels, and fungal count were observed, alongside improvements in TEWL and pH values across multiple scalp regions. Moreover, there was no difference in the hydration of stratum corneum.SSA‐ZP demonstrated efficacy in treating scalp SD without adverse effects, suggesting its potential as a first‐line treatment option. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow‐up periods is warranted to validate these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Eruptive melanocytic nevi (EMN) have been reported in the setting of immunosuppression, chemotherapy, and bullous skin disease, including less commonly, Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). This case report presents a 4‐year‐old girl who developed agminated EMN and nail changes after TEN. A systematic review of the literature supports clinically appropriate follow‐up of EMN, as there is no reports of malignancy in EMN following SJS/TEN, nor reports of pediatric melanoma arising within EMN of any etiology. Further study of the possible correlation of nail changes with the development of EMN and better characterization of the dermoscopic features of EMN could improve monitoring and care of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

External ear lentigo maligna/lentigo melanoma (LM/LMM) represents approximately 1%–4% of all primary cutaneous melanomas. Over the past 20 years, dermoscopy has proven highly effective in early detection of LM/LMM, with recent studies identifying perifollicular linear projections (PLP) as a specific diagnostic criterion for early LM. However, in clinical practice, LM and LMM turn out to be very difficult to distinguish based on dermoscopic findings. Therefore, our retrospective monocentric study aimed to investigate dermoscopic characteristics, as well as the epidemiological and clinical data of 19 patients diagnosed with the external ear (EE) LM/LMM at the Oncologic Dermatology Unit in Bologna. Dermoscopic images were obtained using the FotoFinder Medicam 800HD, and specific criteria validated by the International Dermoscopy Society (IDS) for atypical pigmented facial lesions were assessed. Fisher's exact test was primarily used for statistical comparisons. As results, most of the patients were male (74%) with an average age (± SD) at diagnosis of 69.8 (± 15.1) years old. LMM appeared more commonly observed in elderly patients as compared to LM (mean 71.6 vs. 66.7, p = 0.514), presenting as pigmented macule (89.5%) of the ear lobule (23.9%). A statistically significant difference (p = 0.01) of tumour' diameter between LMM and LM was reported with the first resulting more than twice the size of the latter. Concerning dermoscopic findings, asymmetric pigmented follicles, obliteration of the follicular openings and grey circles were more frequently observed in LMM compared to LM (63.2% vs. 31.6%; 63.2% vs. 26.3%; 47.4% vs. 15.8%, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The use of dermatoscopes is constantly increasing globally, but to date, there are no studies on the use of dermatoscopes by Chinese dermatologists. Objective: To determine factors influencing the use of dermatoscopes in China. Methods: A web‐based questionnaire was designed by the Department of Dermatology at Huashan Hospital affiliated with Fudan University and was published online via the Shanghai Wheat Color Intelligent Technology Company, China. In 2019 and 2022, 1581 and 1507 dermatologists, respectively, were recruited and completed the questionnaire online. Results: In China, the application rate of dermatoscopy is higher in eastern provinces than in western and remote areas. The proportion of doctors from public tertiary hospitals is the highest, with females being the majority. The age range of 30–40 years has the highest proportion, the proportion of doctors with professional titles of attending physician or above is the highest, and the proportion of doctors with a bachelor's degree or above is the highest. Conclusions: By improving the education and professional standards of doctors, providing more training opportunities, simplifying access, and promoting dermatoscopy in grassroots hospitals, we can increase the confidence of dermatologists in the use of dermatoscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is the gold standard for removing basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) due to its ability to guarantee 100% margin evaluation through frozen section histopathology, offering the highest cure rate among current treatments. However, noninvasive imaging technologies have emerged as promising alternatives to clinical assessment for defining presurgical margins. This systematic scoping review examines the efficacy of these imaging modalities, focusing on those approved for clinical use by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Medicines Agency (EMA). A systematic search of EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, and the Cochrane Public Library databases identified 11 relevant studies out of 2123 records, encompassing 644 lesions across five imaging techniques. The findings suggest that dermoscopy, high‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS), optical coherence tomography (OCT), line‐field optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT), and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) show potential in detecting BCC margins, which could enhance MMS by providing better preoperative planning, informing patients of expected defect size, aiding in reconstruction decisions, and reducing overall procedure costs. This review discusses the benefits and limitations of each technique, offering insights into how these innovations could influence the future of BCC management. Emerging imaging techniques could enhance MMS by improving BCC margin assessment and reducing costs. Their adoption will depend on price and ease of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) is an emerging diagnostic tool with imaging depth reaching ~400 μm and a novel three‐dimensional (3D) cube providing cellular resolution. As far as we are aware, there are only a limited number of papers that have reported diagnostic criteria for melanocytic lesions using this technique, and none of them have been multicentric. Objectives: Our aim was to establish the diagnostic criteria for melanocytic lesions using LC‐OCT and identify the most significant architectural and cytologic features associated with malignancy. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of 80 consecutive melanocytic lesions from a prospective multicentric data set spanning three European centres was conducted. We excluded facial, acral and mucosal lesions from the study. Dermoscopic and LC‐OCT images were evaluated by a consensus of four observers. Multivariate logistic regression with backward elimination was employed. Results: The main melanoma diagnostic criteria include detecting >10 pagetoid cells in 3D acquisition, irregular 3D epidermal architecture, disrupted dermoepidermal junction (DEJ) and clefting. Significant risk factors were irregular 3D epidermal architecture, >10 pagetoid cells, dendritic cells at DEJ without underlying inflammation. Novel malignancy criteria in vertical view were DEJ disruption and clefting around atypical melanocyte nests. Exclusive melanoma features were epidermal nests, epidermal consumption, dense dermal nests with atypia. Protective features in the absence of any malignancy indicators were DEJ ring pattern, cobblestone, elongated rete ridges (vertical), well‐defined DEJ and wave pattern (vertical). Conclusions: A series of diagnostic criteria for the identification of melanocytic lesions with LC‐OCT have been established. Validation of these criteria in clinical practice through future studies is essential to further establish their utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermoscopy of the nail unit (onychoscopy) is a method which allows for non‐invasive observation of the nail structures, increasing the accuracy of clinical diagnosis. Currently, it is used in evaluation of both inflammatory and neoplastic conditions of the nail unit. However, in contrast to the skin, the anatomy of the nail unit prevents direct observation of nail bed or nail matrix structure during classic onychoscopy. Intra‐operative onychoscopy is a variant of the technique which uses direct visualization of the nail unit structures after nail plate avulsion. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the current state of knowledge on intra‐operative onychoscopy. The MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were systematically searched in January 2024. All types of study designs assessing intra‐operative dermoscopy of the nail unit were included in this study. The risk of bias in included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. The qualitative synthesis of 19 studies totalling a number of 218 cases in 217 patients included the following entities: melanoma, nevus, hypermelanosis (melanocytic activation), melanocytic hyperplasia, melanophages accumulation, squamous cell carcinoma, glomus tumour, lichen planus, onychomatricoma, onychomycosis and subungual exostosis. The main limitation of the study was a relatively low number of identified studies, most with low levels of evidence. Intra‐operative onychoscopy does not replace histologic examination, though it may be useful in determining the modality of surgical diagnostic procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nailfold capillaroscopy is recommended to diagnose primary or secondary Raynaud's phenomenon (RP). Capillaroscopy is normal in primary RP, which is the most frequent. Screening for RP capillary anomalies with nailfold dermoscopy has been promising. Objective: To determine whether normal nailfold dermoscopy—based on the absence of five criteria that define a sclerodermic pattern—is able to predict normal capillaroscopy with good positive‐predictive value (PPV). Methods: Prospective, 2‐phase (monocentre and multicentre) study on patients at first consultation for RP undergoing nailfold video capillaroscopy (NVC) and nailfold dermoscopy by two different 'blinded' trained observers, respectively, a vascular specialist and a dermatologist, not familiar with capillaroscopy. The five criteria noted were as follows: disorganization, megacapillaries, low capillary density, avascular areas and haemorrhages. Results: Based on 105 patients, the dermoscopy PPV for a normal NVC was 100% (p = 0.015), with 37.9% sensitivity, when no criterion was observed. Excluding haemorrhages, the PPV remained 100% (p < 0.0001), with sensitivity rising to 73.7% and 100% specificity. Conclusions: Normal nailfold dermoscopy with the absence of four easy‐to‐observe criteria predicts normal NVC with an excellent PPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Methods Results Conclusions To explore the dermoscopic features of lichen sclerosus in different parts of the external genitalia in children.A retrospective analysis of the dermoscopic features of 42 female children with vulvar lichen sclerosus treated in the Department of Dermatology of Shanxi Children's Hospital from January 2020 to May 2023.Among the 42 female children, aged 3–14 years (mean: 7.24 ± 2.43 years), the duration of vulvar lichen sclerosus ranged from 3 months to 2 years (mean: 9.83 ± 4.93 months). Clinical lesions occurred in the labia minora in 18 cases (42.9%), labia majora in 38 cases (90.5%), posterior fourchette in 36 cases (85.7%), perianal area in 13 cases (31.0%), anterior fourchette in 17 cases (40.5%), clitoris in seven cases (16.7%), and interlabial sulcus in 11 cases (26.2%). Dermoscopic findings common in the labia majora included follicular keratotic plugs, cloverleaf‐like structures, comedo‐like openings, and linear vessels (p < .05); however, purple–red globules and patches and white linear streaks were more common in the posterior fourchette (p < .05), whereas dotted vessels were more common in the labia minora (p < .05).Common dermoscopic findings in pediatric vulvar lichen sclerosus were yellow‐white structureless areas, white linear streaks, follicular keratotic plugs, and cloverleaf‐like structures; yellow‐white structureless areas and white linear streaks showed the highest specificity. The dermoscopic findings varied among different affected areas, which provides a basis for further understanding of the characteristics of different sites of vulvar lichen sclerosus in the pediatric population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several clinical signs in dermatoscopy are very characteristic of onychomycosis and can be a quick complement for the diagnosis of onychomycosis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of dermatoscopy compared to microbiological culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), as well as the clinical signs associated with onychomycosis. Methods: The clinical signs of 125 patients were assessed cross‐sectionally using dermatoscopy, and a positive or negative result was assigned. A sample was then taken for PCR and microbiological culture. Results: Of the 125 patients, 69.6% (87/125) had positive results when both laboratory tests were combined. When they were not combined, the prevalence was lower at 48% (60/125) with PCR and at 43.2% (54/125) with culture. Furthermore, 76.8% (96/125) were classified as positive with dermatoscopy with a sensitivity of 1, a specificity of 0.76, positive predictive value of 0.91 and negative predictive value of 1 (with 95% confidence intervals). Of the 96 dermatoscopy‐positive samples, 36 were negative with PCR (p < 0.001), 42 were negative with culture (p < 0.001) and nine were negative when both tests were combined (p < 0.001). Clinical signs that were significantly associated with the presence of onychomycosis were subungual hyperkeratosis (dermatoscopy: p = 0.004, odds ratio (OR) = 2.438; PCR + microbiological culture: p = 0.004, OR = 3.221), subungual detritus (p = 0.033, OR = 3.01, only with dermatoscopy) and dermatophytoma (dermatoscopy: p = 0.049, OR = 3.02; PCR + microbiological culture: p = 0.022, OR = 2.40). Conclusions: The results suggest that dermatoscopy is a good tool for the diagnosis of onychomycosis but should be used as a complementary test or for screening patients to be sampled for laboratory testing. The combination of the three tests can lead to a reduction of false‐positive and false‐negative clinical and laboratory results. This allows for early diagnosis and specific treatment based on test results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Onychomycosis (OM) is a common nail infection treated with amorolfine hydrochloride nail lacquer in China. Monitoring drug concentrations and using dermoscopy to evaluate treatment efficacy may provide new insights. Objective: The study aims to analyse amorolfine concentrations in nails with mild to moderate OM, assess treatment outcomes using dermoscopy and explore factors influencing drug concentrations and efficacy. Methods: Patients with mild to moderate OM confirmed by fungal microscopy were enrolled. Amorolfine nail lacquer was applied twice weekly for 36 weeks. Monthly nail samples measured amorolfine concentrations using liquid chromatography. Dermoscopy was performed before and after treatment to evaluate responses. Mixed‐effects models and logistic regression analysed factors affecting drug concentrations and outcomes. Results: Ninety‐seven nails were included. Amorolfine concentrations increased over time, with higher levels in females, fingernails, 2nd–5th digits and superficial white OM (p < 0.05). Age was a risk factor, while drug concentration and OM type were protective for clinical efficacy (p < 0.05). Peak concentration correlated with clinical (r = 0.487, p = 0.000) and mycological (r = 0.433, p = 0.000) responses. Dermoscopic features improved significantly in successful cases (p < 0.05). Limitations: In the assessment of fungal efficacy, only fungal microscopy was used, and fungal cultures were not performed. The study was limited by a small sample size and the lack of a longer follow‐up to assess relapse. Conclusion: Amorolfine concentrations vary with patient and nail characteristics, influencing efficacy. Dermoscopy is valuable for monitoring OM treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document explores the use of UVF-dermoscopy, a new imaging technique, in diagnosing and distinguishing between Microsporum and Trichophyton infections of the skin. The study found that polarized dermoscopy alone may not be enough to accurately differentiate between these two types of infections, particularly in cases involving glabrous skin. However, UVF-dermoscopy, which reveals green fluorescence, showed potential in distinguishing between the two types of infections. The study acknowledges its limitations and suggests that more research is necessary to validate these findings. [Extracted from the article]

Lentigo maligna (LM) is a subtype of lentiginous melanoma confined to the epidermis, which is associated with chronic sun exposure. Its clinical, dermatoscopic, and histopathological diagnosis can be challenging, particularly in the early and advanced stages, requiring appropriate clinicopathological correlation. This article reviews the clinical presentation, diagnosis through noninvasive methods (dermoscopy and confocal microscopy), and provides insights for diagnosis of extrafacial LM through the presentation of four representative clinical cases from different phases of a theoretical–practical progression model. Recognizing these lesions is crucial, as once they invade the dermis, they can behave like any other type of melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the effectiveness and safety of treating erythematotelangiectatic rosacea using fractional radiofrequency (FRF). Methods: Twenty patients with a confirmed diagnosis of erythema capillaris rosacea were selected, and one side of each patient's face was randomly assigned to receive FRF treatments for three to six times, with an interval of 2 weeks between each treatment. VISIA, dermoscopy, and the Clinician's Erythema Evaluation Scale (CEA) were applied to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment before and after the treatment, to record the VAS scores and adverse reactions, and to conduct a patient satisfaction survey. Results: The characteristic counts and scores of red zone and porphyrin as assessed by VISIA test were significantly decreased, and the difference between the treated side and the pretreatment side was statistically significant (p < 0.05), and the efficacy of the treatment was statistically insignificant compared with the control side, except for the red zone and porphyrin which were statistically significant before and after the treatment (p > 0.05). By CEA score, the difference between the treated side after treatment and the control side was statistically significant (p < 0.05), and the difference between the treated side before and after treatment was statistically significant (p < 0.05); the difference between the control side before and after treatment was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Dermatoscopic observation showed reduction in pore size, reduction of yellowish‐white and black horn plugs within the pores, lightening of the red background and thinning and blurring of the capillary structure on the treated side of the skin compared to the control side, and the skin on the treated side showed the above mentioned changes before and after the treatment as well. The mean pain score of the subjects was obtained by VAS score 3.67 ± 0.90. Adverse effects included mild edema, erythema, and microscopic crusting; no long‐term adverse effects were seen in all patients. The efficacy of FRF treatment was evaluated 1 month after the final treatment, and 85% of the subjects rated it as satisfactory, very satisfactory, and very satisfactory. Conclusion: FRF for the treatment of erythematous capillary dilatation rosacea is effective, safe, and suitable for clinical promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case report describes the clinical, dermoscopic and histopathological findings of three different neoplastic lesions (angiokeratoma, squamous cell carcinoma and multiple melanocytomas) and non-tumoral skin in a hairless Chinese crested dog following chronic sun exposure. The non-tumoral skin was characterized by "sunburn cells", collagen degeneration, dermal elastosis and fibrosis, described in most species as caused by UV light exposure. Cutaneous angiokeratomas have been rarely reported in the canine literature. In this particular case we consider a possible correlation with UV damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Female‐pattern hair loss (FPHL) is characterized by decreased scalp hair density, thinning of hair shafts, and progressive miniaturization of hair follicles. Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of spironolactone versus bicalutamide in female pattern hair loss [FPHL]. Methods: The study design was retrospective, and all eligible females aged between 18 years and 50 years with FPHL were included. We identified 120 patients from our database who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and patients were then categorized into two groups, Group A comprising patients who were taking 100 mg of spironolactone once daily and Group B comprising patients who were taking 50 mg of bicalutamide once daily along with topical minoxidil 2% in both groups. Patient were analysed at approximately at 24 weeks from the commencement of the treatment. Results: Mean reduction in hair loss severity score on Sinclair scale was 19.51% in spironolactone group compared to 28.20% in bicalutamide group at 24 weeks, which was statistically significant. On global photographic assessment, marked improvement was seen in bicalutamide group compared to spironolactone group (p = 0.139). Conclusions: Our study, though limited by its retrospective design and small sample size, showed that bicalutamide has greater efficacy and better safety profile in comparison to spironolactone in the treatment of FPHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermoscopy can be an important help for the diagnosis of skin cancers and inflammatory cutaneous diseases. The list of the dermoscopic features reported in granuloma faciale is wide and includes vascular and non‐vascular features. We report here three cases of diffuse flat facial and extrafacial granuloma faciale that exhibited elongated linear vessels simulating branching vessels and diffuse structureless orange areas. The differential diagnosis between flat‐type granuloma faciale, basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous sarcoidosis can be extremely difficult, making histology mandatory before any treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actinic keratosis (AK) classification relies on clinical characteristics limited to the skin's surface. Incorporating sub‐surface evaluation may improve the link between clinical classification and the underlying pathology. We aimed to apply dynamic optical coherence tomography (D‐OCT) to characterize microvessels in AK I‐III and photodamaged (PD) skin, thereby exploring its utility in enhancing clinical and dermatoscopic AK evaluation. This explorative study assessed AK I‐III and PD on face or scalp. AK were graded according to the Olsen scheme before assessment with dermatoscopy and D‐OCT. On D‐OCT, vessel shapes, −pattern and ‐direction were qualitatively evaluated at predefined depths, while density and diameter were quantified. D‐OCT's ability to differentiate between AK grades was compared with dermatoscopy. Forty‐seven patients with AK I‐III (n = 207) and PD (n = 87) were included. Qualitative D‐OCT evaluation revealed vascular differences between AK grades and PD, particularly at a depth of 300 μm. The arrangement of vessel shapes around follicles differentiated AK II from PD (OR = 4.75, p < 0.001). Vessel patterns varied among AK grades and PD, showing structured patterns in AK I and PD, non‐specific in AK II (OR = 2.16,p = 0.03) and mottled in AK III (OR = 29.94, p < 0.001). Vessel direction changed in AK II‐III, with central vessel accentuation and radiating vessels appearing most frequently in AK III. Quantified vessel density was higher in AK I‐II than PD (p ≤ 0.025), whereas diameter remained constant. D‐OCT combined with dermatoscopy enabled precise differentiation of AK III versus AK I (AUC = 0.908) and II (AUC = 0.833). The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of vessels on D‐OCT consistently showed increased vascularization and vessel disorganization in AK lesions of higher grades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is a rare and aggressive nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) that exhibits features of both BCC and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The gold standard for diagnosis is histopathological examination. BSC is often challenging to diagnose and manage due to its mixed histological features and potential for aggressive behavior Aim: To identify specific features aiding clinicians in differentiating BSCs using non‐invasive diagnostic techniques. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive, monocentric study of the epidemiological clinical, dermoscopic, and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) features of histopathologically proven BSCs diagnosed between 2010 and 2023. A total of 192 cases were selected. Results: The study population consisted of 17 men (60.9%). Total 95.8% of patients at the time of diagnosis were ≥50 years. BSC occurred in the head and neck area in 124 cases (63.1%) of which 65 (33.9%) were in the H‐zone. For 47.4% of patients, BSC presented as a macule with undefined clinical margins (43.3%). Dermoscopic images were available for 98 cases: the most common parameter was the presence of whitish structureless areas (59 [60.2%]), keratin masses (58 [59.2%]), superficial scales, and ulceration or blood crusts (49 [50%] both). Vessels pattern analysis revealed hairpin vessels (exclusively) and linear irregular vessels as the most frequent (55 [56.1%] both). RCM examination was performed in 21 cases which revealed specific SCC features such as solar elastosis (19 [90.5%]), atypical honeycomb pattern (17 [89%]), proliferation of atypical keratinocytes (16 [80%]) combined with BCC' ones as bright tumor islands (12 [57.8%]), and cleft‐like dark spaces (11 [53.4%]). Discussion: Our study reflects the largest cohort of BSCs from a single institution. We described an incidence rate of 4.7%, higher than reported in the Literature, with the involvement of patients ≥50years in almost 96% of cases and an overall male predominance. At clinical examination, BSC was described as a hyperkeratotic macule with undefined clinical margins with one or more dermoscopic SCC' features, whereas the presence of typical BCC aspects was observed in less than 10% of cases, differently from what was previously reported. At RCM analysis, BSCs presented with an atypical honeycomb pattern with proliferation of atypical keratinocytes, hyperkeratosis, and in nearly 55% of patients, bright tumor islands with cleft‐like dark spaces. Conclusion: The distinctive dermoscopic patterns, along with the RCM features aid in the differentiation of BSCs from other NMSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The market requires ever‐faster techniques, in particular for pre‐rejuvenation condition. Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess if a fractional CO2 scanner modality (called moveo) results in a faster full‐face rejuvenation treatment in comparison to the standard mode, currently existing in the scanner system. Materials and Methods: A total of 12 female patients affected by fine lines participated in a split‐face clinical investigation and underwent to two sessions with a fractional CO2 laser system equipped with an existing and a faster dedicated scanner units. Pain was assessed using VAS. Three‐dimensional clinical photographs were captured before, immediately after, 3 days, 14 days after the first treatment and immediately after the second treatment and 1 months after the last one. The uniformity and aesthetic coverage of treatments were assessed using dermatoscopy. Global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS) was used. The time taken to treat the two sides of the face and all possible side effects were monitored. Results: Following only two treatment session with both scanner modes, the patient's skin texture improved significantly, with fine lines reduction. There is no statistically significant difference in perceived pain between patients. The GAIS score showed satisfactory results following both modalities. The time parameters indicated that with the faster scanner mode the full‐face treatment time was reduced by 30% compared to the standard one. No adverse effects were observed. Conclusions: The moveo modality provide faster treatment and a better final dermal aesthetic outcome than the standard procedure while maintaining the same safety profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alopecia areata is a chronic and relapsing condition that affects individuals of all age groups. Dermoscopy is a popular and non‐invasive method for diagnosing alopecia areata. This study aimed to analyze dermoscopic findings and their relationship with age, gender, appearance, and clinical signs in children and adults. Methods: This retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted on 124 children and adults diagnosed with alopecia areata who were referred to a Hospital in Iran between 2021 and 2022. After reaching the calculated sample size, trichoscopic findings were examined and the results were recorded. Data analysis was performed by a statistician and presented in relevant tables. Results: The participants in the study comprised 53.2% female children, 46.8% male children, 27.42% adult males, and 72.58% adult females. The median age in the pediatric group was 10 years, while it was 27 years in the adult group. Yellow dots were significantly less observed in children than in adults (29% vs. 48.4%), while exclamation mark hairs were significantly more common in children than adults (38.7% vs. 21%). No significant differences were found in the frequency of other trichoscopic features between children and adults. Specifically, black dots, broken hairs, short vellus hairs, pigtail hairs, and empty follicular openings were observed in 38.7%, 40.3%, 32.3%, 11.3%, and 75.8% of children, respectively, and in 35.5%, 32.3%, 21%, 46.8%, and 12.9% of adults, respectively. Conclusion: The most common trichoscopic findings in alopecia areata in children are empty follicular openings and broken hairs, while exclamation mark hairs are more common in children than adults. In contrast, yellow dots are less frequently observed in children compared to adults. This distinct difference between children's and adults' dermoscopic findings highlights the critical need for age‐specific considerations in AA evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nail psoriasis is common in psoriasis vulgaris and even more prevalent in psoriatic arthritis. Dermatoscopy of the nail proves helpful in enhancing the visualization of psoriatic nail lesions. Objective: This systematic review aimed to summarize the existing studies published in the literature that reported the various dermoscopic features of nail psoriasis. Materials and methods: A systematic search of two medical databases, PubMed and Scopus, was conducted in April 2023. In total, 11 records were included. The number of reported cases in the included studies was 723. Results: The average age was 42.39 years. Sixty percent of patients were males, and 40% were females. Pitting constituted the most common onychoscopic feature indicating nail matrix involvement, followed by various other features such as leukonychia, nail plate thickening, transverse and longitudinal ridges, and different lunula abnormalities. The predominant onychoscopic feature indicating nail bed involvement was onycholysis, followed by splinter hemorrhages, oil drop sign, subungual hyperkeratosis, dilated capillaries, agminated capillary dots, erythematous border, and pustules. Vascular abnormalities observed in all locations were present in 52% of patients. Conclusions: The clinical signs of nail psoriasis are diverse, and for the majority, they are nonspecific. Nail dermoscopy is a noninvasive tool that enhances the visualization of the nail manifestations of psoriasis. It may facilitate the establishment of diagnostic criteria for this pathology without resorting to more invasive procedures, such as nail biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dermoscopy is a non‐invasive, cost‐effective tool useful in the assessment of pigmented lesions. The aim of this study was to analyze the dermoscopic features in excised melanomas in a tertiary hospital in Brazil and the influence of Breslow thickness on the dermoscopic features observed. Methods: An observational, cross‐sectional study in which dermoscopic images of 43 melanomas were evaluated. The patients were divided into three groups: in situ, thin invasive melanoma (Breslow thickness <1 mm), and thick invasive melanoma (Breslow thickness ≥1 mm). Results: We studied 33 patients with 43 melanomas. Twenty‐one (48.8%) were melanoma in situ, 16 (37.2%) were thin melanomas, and 6 (14%) were thick melanomas. The most frequent dermoscopic criteria observed in all cases were atypical pigment network, multiple colors (3 or more), asymmetrical blotches, and peripheral asymmetric dots and globules. There was a statistically significant difference in the three groups regarding the frequency of atypical vessels, white scar areas, blue‐white veil, shiny white structures, and radial streaming. The group of invasive melanomas presented with a higher frequency and statistical significance (P < 0.05) of atypical vessels, white scar areas, blue‐white veil, and shiny white structures when compared to in situ melanomas. The presence of radial streaming and blue‐white veil was more frequent in thick invasive melanomas than in thin invasive melanomas. The presence of a higher number of structures was seen in invasive melanomas, with a median of 5 and 7.5 structures for thin and thick invasive tumors, respectively. Conclusions: In line with prior data, we identified an association between invasive melanomas and structures linked to fibrosis and tumor vascularity. Specifically, we noted the presence of atypical vessels, scar‐like white areas, a blue‐white veil, and shiny white structures. Also, a higher number of dermoscopic structures was seen in invasive melanomas. In thicker melanomas, we observed additional findings, including a higher frequency of radial streaming and a blue‐white veil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interactive Medical Image Segmentation (IMIS) aims to improve the accuracy of image segmentation by incorporating human guidance, primarily through click‐based interactions. IMIS for skin lesion segmentation is a challenging task because the edges of lesion regions on the skin are often ambiguous, and training IMIS models requires the generation of pseudo‐clicks to simulate human clicks. Most previous methods generate pseudo‐clicks by sampling from the entire mis‐segmented region. However, such clicks are inconsistent with human behavior, resulting in performance degradation, particularly for skin lesion segmentation. In this study, we address this issue by integrating human preference into the process of generating pseudo clicks to train the segmentation model, which is simple yet effective. Specifically, through a user study, we find that people are more inclined to click on larger mis‐segmented regions during interactive segmentation. Inspired by this, a roulette selection strategy is used to generate the pseudo‐clicks based on the area of the mis‐segmented subregions. Our proposed method, BehaviorClick, can be easily integrated with existing interactive segmentation models to improve the performance. The accuracy improvement on four dermoscopic datasets under six state‐of‐the‐art interactive segmentation methods is confirmed, which demonstrates the generalizability and effectiveness of our approach. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermoscopy aids in the diagnosis and management of pigmented growths and disorders of pigmentation in children. However, there is limited literature on the dermoscopic appearance of café‐au‐lait macules (CALMs) and congenital melanocytic nevi in patients with dark skin. We report two cases of young children with dark skin and many hyperpigmented patches in whom dermoscopy was utilized to accurately diagnose CALMs and facilitate testing for neurofibromatosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 14‐year‐old girl presented with a facial‐pigmented lesion suspicious of melanoma clinically and dermoscopically. In vivo, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) findings excluded melanoma by revealing typical epidermal honeycomb and cobblestone patterns. Well‐defined follicular contours were seen at the dermal–epidermal junction; there were no elongated, “medusa head‐like” follicular protrusions or folliculotropism, which are classical findings seen in lentigo maligna. With this report, we aim to demonstrate the significance of utilizing RCM technology in difficult to diagnose lentiginous pigmented lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Melanocytic nevi are frequently observed in the pediatric population. While newly acquired nevi can appear during childhood, congenital nevi can continue to grow and clinically change, making patient caregivers concerned. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) in vivo is a noninvasive tool that might enhance the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy, reducing the rate of unnecessary surgical procedures. This study aimed to assess the utility of RCM in increasing the diagnostic accuracy of pediatric melanocytic nevi that show pigmentation changes or grow rapidly. Methods: Pediatric patients who presented between January 2022 and February 2023 in a single institution with rapidly growing melanocytic nevi or nevi that presented changes in the pigmentation were included in the study. All nevi were evaluated by means of dermoscopy and RCM. Results: Forty‐two patients with a total of 42 melanocytic nevi were included. Most lesions showed a honeycombed pattern (n = 21, 50%). On RCM, only 3 of 42 nevi presented atypical cells within the epidermis (7.1%). Evaluation of the dermoepidermal junction (DEJ) revealed the predominance of the meshwork pattern (n = 22, 52.4%). Notably, features considered significant for atypical melanocytic nevi included 9 nevi with scant atypical melanocytes (21.4%) and 3 nevi with nonedge papillae (7.1%). None of the studied lesions required biopsy among this cohort. Conclusions: Most rapidly growing and clinically changing nevi rarely exhibit single atypical cells in the DEJ. The RCM served as a valuable adjunct to dermoscopy, allowing reassurance in the evaluation of these lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pediatric longitudinal melanonychia (LM) can exhibit atypical features that mimic red‐flag signs for subungual melanoma in adults and lead to diagnostic uncertainty. Nail biopsy may be unnecessary if clinical inspection and dermoscopy suggest a benign nature. Methods: We searched PubMed and Embase from inception to February 2023 for studies of any design reporting either the number or proportion of clinical and dermoscopic features in at least five children (≤18 years) with LM. Non‐English articles, reviews, and abstracts were excluded. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to collate all existing data. Results: A total of 1218 articles were screened and 24 studies with 1391 pediatric patients were included. Nevus was the most common diagnosis (86.3%). The most prevalent sites were fingernails (76.2%) and first digits (45.4%). Pooled proportions of common features were: dark‐color bands (69.8%), multi‐colored bands (47.6%), broad bandwidth (41.1%), pseudo‐Hutchinson sign (41.0%), irregular patterns (38.1%), Hutchinson sign (23.7%), dots and globules (22.5%), nail dystrophy (18.2%), and triangular sign (10.9%). Outcomes included progression (widening or darkening, 29.9%), stability (23.3%), and spontaneous regression (narrowing or fading, 19.9%). Only eight cases of subungual melanoma in situ were reported, and no invasive melanomas were identified. Conclusion: Although atypical characteristics are common in pediatric LM, the probability of malignant transformation is exceedingly low. Appropriate evaluation and management of pediatric LM includes careful clinical and dermoscopic inspection with attention to benign features followed by long‐term interval follow‐up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The detection of cutaneous metastases (CMs) from various primary tumours represents a diagnostic challenge. Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the general characteristics and dermatoscopic features of CMs from different primary tumours. Methods: Retrospective, multicentre, descriptive, cross‐sectional study of biopsy‐proven CMs. Results: We included 583 patients (247 females, median age: 64 years, 25%–75% percentiles: 54–74 years) with 632 CMs, of which 52.2% (n = 330) were local, and 26.7% (n = 169) were distant. The most common primary tumours were melanomas (n = 474) and breast cancer (n = 59). Most non‐melanoma CMs were non‐pigmented (n = 151, 95.6%). Of 169 distant metastases, 54 (32.0%) appeared on the head and neck region. On dermatoscopy, pigmented melanoma metastases were frequently structureless blue (63.6%, n = 201), while amelanotic metastases were typified by linear serpentine vessels and a white structureless pattern. No significant difference was found between amelanotic melanoma metastases and CMs of other primary tumours. Conclusions: The head and neck area is a common site for distant CMs. Our study confirms that most pigmented melanoma metastasis are structureless blue on dermatoscopy and may mimic blue nevi. Amelanotic metastases are typified by linear serpentine vessels and a white structureless pattern, regardless of the primary tumour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the dermoscopic findings of pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma (PHE), a rarely metastasizing vascular tumor. The case report describes a 45-year-old man with PHE on his back, presenting as two painful lesions with unclear borders and ulcerated surfaces. Dermoscopic features included a red background, bright yellow structureless areas, scattered scales, white radial streaks, brown streaks in a "polygonal" shape, thick arborizing vessels, and clusters of small serpentine vessels. The article also provides information on the clinical features, histopathological characteristics, and treatment options for PHE. This study is the first to report on the dermoscopic features of PHE. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The assessment of nail changes in connective tissue diseases (CTD) has been rarely explored in previous studies. The use of dermoscopy to study vascular changes in nailfolds is an interesting diagnostic technique. The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and dermoscopic features of nail lesions in CTD. Methods: A prospective study was performed at the Dermatology Department of Habib Thameur Hospital (Tunis, Tunisia) in collaboration with the Internal Medicine Department over a period of 15 months, from July 2020 to September 2021, including patients diagnosed with systemic sclerosis (SS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and dermatomyositis (DM). Results: Our study included 48 patients. Nail involvement was found in 44 cases. Dermoscopic nailfold abnormalities were identified in 37 cases. The most common clinical features were ragged cuticle, nailfold erythema, and onycholysis. Additionally, splinter hemorrhage, longitudinal ridging, lunula abnormalities, melanonychia, trachyonychia, leukonychia, increase in transverse curvature, parrot beak nail, half and half nails, and onychorrhexis were described. Nailfold dermoscopy showed a normal pattern in 10 cases, a nonspecific pattern in nine cases (SLE), and a scleroderma pattern in 29 cases (SS and DM). The scleroderma pattern was further categorized into an early pattern (6), an active pattern (14), and a late pattern (9). Normal pattern was observed solely in patients in remission. The late scleroderma pattern was associated with disease duration and systemic involvement. In SLE, disease activity correlated with onycholysis, nailfold erythema, and pathologic pattern in dermoscopy. However, patients with DM displayed a positive correlation between pulmonary involvement and scleroderma pattern. Conclusion: Nail involvement in CTD includes a diverse range of abnormalities. Despite being nonspecific, it can provide crucial clues for establishing a diagnosis. Nailfold dermoscopy serves as a mirror for microangiopathy, enabling the detection of changes at an initial stage, and thus, it becomes a diagnostic and prognostic tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common skin cancer in humans, requires early detection. Dermoscopy enhances diagnostic accuracy through a noninvasive approach. Pigmented BCC (pBCC) is characterized by distinctive dermoscopic features, including the presence of pigmented globules or nests. While dermoscopic features of large pBCC (size >6 mm) have been extensively studied, limited data are available on small pBCC (size ≤6 mm) and its relationship with tumor progression. Methods: Dermoscopic images of histologically proven pBCCs were collected between 2014 and 2022 at Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital. Each image was analyzed for patterns of pigmentation, vasculature, and epidermal and dermal structures. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the differences according to the size and the trend during tumor progression. Results: In total, 135 pBCCs (48 small and 87 large) were included. Pigment structures were present in all cases. Short fine telangiectasia and small erosions constituted over 85% of the cases, showing no significant distinction between small and large pBCCs, nor any specific pattern correlating with tumor enlargement. The number of arborizing vessels, ulcerations, and shiny white structures showed an increasing trend associated with size progression. Arborizing vessels appeared when tumor size exceeded 6 mm. Conclusions: This study provides a dynamic interpretation of the dermoscopic features of pBCC according to size enlargement. Short fine telangiectasia and small erosions are highly important features for the early diagnosis of small pBCCs. Arborizing vessels, ulceration, and shiny white structures are more frequent in large pBCCs, and they increase in association with tumor progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objectives Methods Results Conclusions Only a small per cent of new melanocytic lesions developing in adults are expected to represent melanomas. Total body photography (TBP) has been widely incorporated in clinical practice, especially for follow‐up of high‐risk individuals with multiple naevi. However, dynamic changes detected with TBP need to be interpreted with caution to avoid unnecessary excisions.To identify clinical and dermoscopic predictors of malignancy in melanocytic lesions presenting clinically as new lesions on TBP.Melanomas and melanocytic naevi excised from a high‐risk cohort and presenting as new lesions on TBP were retrospectively included. Naevi were arbitrarily collected up to approximately twice the number of melanomas. Melanomas were categorized as ‘unequivocal’ or ‘borderline’ on histopathology review.Sixty melanomas and 110 naevi were included. Median age (range) of cases (55; 27–83) was 9 years older than controls (46; 24–77) (p < 0.0001). Median diameter (IQR) of naevi was 2.6 mm (1.8–3.8) and of melanomas 4.2 mm (2.7–7.0) (p < 0.0001). On histopathology, 40% of the melanomas were ‘borderline’. A positive 7‐point checklist was reported in 12.5% of ‘borderline’ melanomas and 33.3% of ‘unequivocal’ melanomas (p = 0.005), while 18.3% of melanomas were completely featureless. Blue‐whitish veil, atypical vascular pattern and shiny white lines were exclusively found in melanomas. The main predictors of malignancy were (OR; 95% CI) regression structures (7.13; 1.88–27.06; p = 0.004); hypo/amelanotic colour (6.00; 1.17–30.73; p = 0.03); irregular pigmentation (3.89; 1.36–11.13; p = 0.01); asymmetrical peripheral dots/globules (3.50; 1.11–11.00; p = 0.03); and asymmetry in pattern and/or colour (2.5; 1.3–4.9; p = 0.007). All invasive melanomas detected in patients younger than 50 years presented at least one dermoscopic predictor of malignancy.Melanomas presenting as new lesions are frequently featureless or feature poor on dermoscopy and difficult‐to‐diagnose on histopathology. In high‐risk patients, the presence on any of the dermoscopic predictors of malignancy identified should prompt excision; however, the remaining lesions should be closely monitored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Although excision of melanocytic nevi with high‐grade dysplasia is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), clinical studies investigating the approach based on the grading dysplasia of melanocytic lesions with peripheral globules (PGs) are lacking. We investigated the grades of dysplasia and their distinguishable dermoscopic and clinical features to provide accurate data for managing these lesions. Methods: We retrospectively classified histologically confirmed melanocytic lesions with PGs according to the 2018 WHO Classification of Skin Tumours criteria in a university hospital in Turkey. Dermoscopic features, lesions, and patient characteristics were recorded. Results: Sixty‐six lesions of 56 patients were included. After classification, 9.1% (n: 6) of lesions were melanomas, 39.4% (n: 26) were high‐grade dysplastic nevi, and 50% (n: 33) were low‐grade dysplastic nevi (n: 33, 50%). There was one nevus with no dysplasia (n: 1, 1.5%). Univariate analysis revealed that ≥31 years of age, irregular shape of peripheral globules, black colour, total colour count, and maximum diameter of the lesion were associated with high‐grade dysplasia and melanoma. In the multivariate analyses, ≥31 years of age (OR = 3.80, 95% CI, 1.17–12.37), irregular shape of peripheral globules (OR = 3.90, 95% CI, 1.15–13.2), and total colour count (OR = 3.21, 95% CI, 1.2–8.5) were significant predictive factors for the lesions with high‐grade dysplasia and melanomas. Conclusions: To avoid the underdiagnosis of both melanomas and high‐grade dysplastic nevi with PGs, the irregular shape of peripheral globules and multiple colours after the third decade may be useful in making an excision decision. The risk increases every 1‐year increase in age. Excision is suggested for all melanocytic lesions with PGs for patients 60 years or older because of the high risk of melanoma and melanocytic nevus with high‐grade dysplasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proliferative, lymphocytic, infundibular mural folliculitis and dermatitis have been reported in six female Labrador retrievers from North America. This is the first report of the disease outside North America, describing the clinical and histopathological diagnosis and dermoscopic aspect of the verrucous plaques, treatment and co‐morbidities in a female Labrador retriever dog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early melanoma detection is the main factor affecting prognosis and survival. For that reason, non‐invasive technologies have been developed to provide a more accurate diagnosis. Recently, line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) was developed to provide an in vivo, imaging device, with deep penetration and cellular resolution in three dimensions. Combining the advantages of conventional OCT and reflectance confocal microscopy, this tool seems to be particularly suitable for melanocytic lesions. Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify and describe the correlation between specific dermoscopic criteria and LC‐OCT features in three dimensions associated with melanocytic lesions. Methods: Dermoscopic and LC‐OCT images of 126 melanocytic lesions were acquired in three different centres. The following dermoscopic criteria have been considered: reticular pattern, dots and globules, structureless areas, blue‐whitish veil, regression structures, negative network, homogeneous pattern, streaks and blotches. Results: 69 (55%) benign and 57 (45%) malignant lesions were analysed. A regular reticular pattern was found associated in the 75% of the cases with the presence of elongated rete ridges with pigmented cells along the basal layer, while atypical reticular pattern showed an irregular organization of rete ridges with melanocytic hyperplasia, broadened and fused ridges and elongated nests. Both typical and atypical dots and globules were found associated with melanocytic nests in the dermis or at the dermoepidermal junction (DEJ), as well as with keratin cysts/pseudocysts. Grey globules corresponded to the presence of melanin‐containing dermal inflammatory cells (melanophages) within the papillae. Structureless brown/black areas correlated with alterations of the DEJ. We observed the same DEJ alterations, but with the presence of dermal melanophages, in 36% of the cases of blue/white/grey structureless areas. A description of each LC‐OCT/dermoscopy correlation was made. Conclusions: LC‐OCT permitted for the first time to perform an in vivo, 3D correlation between dermoscopic criteria and pathological‐like features of melanocytic lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses cutaneous involvement in Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The study describes the clinical, dermoscopic, and therapeutic features of cutaneous RDD (CRDD) based on nine cases identified in North Africa. The article emphasizes the importance of recognizing characteristic features of CRDD, such as asymptomatic red-brown to yellow papules, nodules, or plaques, and highlights the use of dermoscopy in aiding diagnosis. Treatment options for CRDD include systemic corticosteroids, with observation being indicated in some cases of remarkable remission. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a case of lichen spinulosus in a 44-year-old man undergoing Atezolizumab therapy for metastatic squamous cell lung carcinoma. The patient developed a pruritic skin eruption with folliculocentric hyperkeratotic papules on the scalp, upper arms, and trunk, which improved with Acitretin treatment. The study highlights the complex interaction between immune checkpoint inhibitors and dermatological manifestations, emphasizing the need for further research to understand underlying mechanisms and establish management strategies for cutaneous complications during immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment. [Extracted from the article]

ABSTRACT We report a rare case of furuncular myiasis in a 7‐year‐old boy presenting with a discharging nodule over the scalp. The report details the clinical presentation, examination findings, and dermoscopic features of furuncular myiasis. To the best of our knowledge, Chrysomya bezziana has never been reported to cause furuncular myiasis. In vivo and ex vivo dermoscopy features help in diagnosis by obviating the need for microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses granular parakeratosis (GP) and highlights the pathology of GP, emphasizing the presence of basophilic granules in the stratum corneum. A case series of 10 patients with GP is presented, all with a history of benzalkonium chloride exposure, showing clinical symptoms and treatment outcomes. The study suggests that patients with a history of allergic diseases may be more susceptible to GP, recommending discontinuation of disinfectants containing BAC. Further research is needed to explore noninvasive diagnostic methods for GP and its association with allergic conditions. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Dermoscopic features of the normal vermilion in skin of colour" published in the Australasian Journal of Dermatology explores the dermoscopic features of normal vermilion in patients with skin of color. The study included 84 patients with skin colors IV and V, analyzing the dermoscopic details of normal vermilion. The research found variations in dermoscopic features depending on the color of the vermilion, highlighting the importance of understanding normal characteristics to identify alterations in dermatoses. The study's limitations included a small sample size and the inclusion of only skin phototypes IV and V. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the case of a 12-year-old boy with alopecia universalis and trachyonychia, a nail disorder associated with alopecia areata. The patient showed improvement in trachyonychia after treatment with diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) for alopecia universalis. The study highlights the relationship between trachyonychia and alopecia areata, as well as the potential systemic therapeutic effects of contact immunotherapy. Dermoscopy was used to monitor the response to treatment, showing promise as a diagnostic and assessment tool for trachyonychia therapies. [Extracted from the article]

The study compared the diagnostic performance of a deep learning (DL) model and collective human intelligence (CoHI) in diagnosing melanoma in patients with darker skin tones. The DL model showed higher sensitivity but lower specificity compared to CoHI, indicating the need for more inclusive training datasets for accurate diagnosis in diverse populations. The study highlighted the importance of training artificial intelligence models on diverse skin tones to ensure equitable and accurate diagnosis for all individuals. [Extracted from the article]

The article in the International Journal of Dermatology discusses the dermoscopic findings of periungual Bowen's disease (PBD) in a retrospective case series. The study reviewed cases of PBD seen at a regional nail clinic from 2010 to 2020 and identified common dermoscopic features such as scaling, pink-white amorphous areas, and a prominent edge. The research found that PBD can be challenging to diagnose, especially in cases with prominent keratinization, and highlighted the importance of dermoscopy in distinguishing PBD from other conditions. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the challenges posed by the Mpox outbreak in a clinical setting. The World Health Organization has declared Mpox a public health emergency due to its increased spread and higher fatality rate compared to previous outbreaks. The article highlights the various patterns of skin lesions associated with Mpox, including mucocutaneous involvement and the potential for unaesthetic scars. It also emphasizes the importance of dermoscopy for accurate diagnosis and long-term follow-up to manage the infection effectively. The article concludes by discussing the impact of Mpox on patients' quality of life, particularly in terms of residual scars. [Extracted from the article]