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This article discusses the case of a 10-year-old child who presented with acute torticollis and walking difficulty. The child was diagnosed with atlantoaxial rotatory dislocation, which was confirmed through lateral cervical X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine. The MRI also revealed an incompletely ossified odontoid process and narrowing of the spinal canal, which required immediate surgical intervention. The article provides information on the classification and management of atlantoaxial dislocations, emphasizing the importance of considering this condition in pediatric patients with acute torticollis and neck pain, even in the absence of an obvious history of trauma or infection. [Extracted from the article]

Acute post‐streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) and polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) may occur simultaneously after streptococcal infection in a child who is previously healthy but carries a Mediterranean fever (MEFV) mutation. The homozygous M694V mutation in the MEFV gene may cause an augmented response to the streptococcal infection that plays a role in the development of both clinical manifestations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection may result in a life‐threatening hyperinflammatory condition named multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C). We aimed to assess demographics, clinical presentations, laboratory characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with MIS‐C. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of patients with MIS‐C managed between August 2020 and March 2021 at Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital in Turkey. Results: A total of 45 patients (23 male, 51%) with a median age of 8.7 years (interquartile range: 5.6–11.7 years) were enrolled to study. The SARS‐CoV‐2 serology was positive in 43 (95%) patients. Organ‐system involvement included the dermatologic in 41 (91%), cardiovascular in 39 (87%), hematologic in 36 (80%) and gastrointestinal in 36 (80%) patients. Acute anterior uveitis was diagnosed in nine (20%) patients. Two patients presented with clinical findings of deep neck infection such as fever, neck pain, trismus, swelling and induration on the cervical lymph node. One patient presented with Henoch–Schonlein purpura‐like eruption. Coronary artery dilatation was detected in five (11%) patients. For treatment of MIS‐C, intravenous immunoglobulin was used in 44 (98%) patients, methylprednisolone in 27 (60%) and anakinra in 9 (20%) patients. The median duration of hospitalisation was nine days. All patients recovered. Conclusions: Children with MIS‐C might have variable clinical presentations. Acute anterior uveitis might be a prominent presentation of MIS‐C and require ophthalmological examination. It is essential to make patient‐based decisions and apply a stepwise approach for the treatment of this life‐threatening disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Umbilical venous catheterization is commonly used in the neonatal period; however, it has some complications. In this study, we evaluated neonates who underwent umbilical venous catheterization and developed hepatic complications. Furthermore, we aimed to define all of the possible lesions and to clarify the imaging findings of umbilical venous catheter–induced hepatic injury. Methods: Two hundred forty‐four neonates who underwent umbilical venous catheterization between March 2013 and September 2015 in a single tertiary care referral center were included in this study. To determine whether they had any hepatic complications, all patients underwent abdominal grayscale and Doppler ultrasound examinations, and their clinical data were recorded. Results: The frequency of liver‐related complications from umbilical venous catheterization was 33.6% (82 of 244). Air in the portal venous system was the most frequent complication (20.1% [49 of 244]). Left portal venous thrombosis was noted in 6.1% (15 of 244). Parenchymal lesions in the liver related to umbilical venous catheterization were seen in 7.4% of patients (18 of 244) as follows: single nodular echogenic lesions (4.1% [10 of 244]), branching small nodular echogenic lesions (2.1% [5 of 244]), and large irregular heterogeneous lesions with laceration and perihepatic fluid (1.2% [3 of 244]). There was no statistical significance for any type of complication according to the gestational age (P > .05). Conclusions: Hepatic complications due to umbilical venous catheters are not uncommon in the neonatal period. Ultrasound is the best imaging modality for confirming the diagnosis and for follow‐up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]