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Aim: To examine the optimal gestational weight gain (GWG) for Chinese pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) based on the Chinese‐specific body mass index (BMI) classification. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the 2017–2020 data from pregnant women with GDM in a tertiary hospital. A quadratic function model and the total predicted probability of adverse pregnancy outcomes were developed to obtain the optimal GWG. Differences in the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes between our optimal GWG recommendations and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2009 GWG guidelines were also analyzed. Results: A total of 8103 pregnant women with GDM were analyzed. Based on the Chinese‐specific BMI classification, the optimal GWG range was 11.0–17.5 kg for underweight women, 3.7–9.7 kg for normal‐weight women, −0.6 to 4.8 kg for overweight women, and − 9.8 to 4.2 kg for obese women. Excessive GWG had a higher risk of large for gestational age (LGA) (OR: 2.99, 95% CI: 2.42–3.70), macrosomia (OR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.77–3.12), pre‐eclampsia (OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.37–2.65), gestational hypertension (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.24–2.19), cesarean section (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.15–1.44), postpartum hemorrhage (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.02–1.64); insufficient GWG had a higher risk of small for gestational age (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.20–2.75). Compared to the IOM 2009 GWG guidelines, the prevalence of macrosomia, LGA, and postpartum hemorrhage were significantly lower in pregnant women following the implementation of our recommended GWG range (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Compared to the IOM 2009 GWG recommendations, our optimal GWG recommendations for Chinese pregnant women were more sensitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the effect of thalassemia on pregnancy outcomes of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of women with GDM delivered at the Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Hospital in China between July 2017 and December 2020. The live singleton pregnancies with α or β‐thalassemia were identified as the thalassemia group, included α‐thalassemia subgroup and β‐thalassemia subgroup, whereas pregnant women without thalassemia were randomly selected as the non‐thalassemia group according to a control‐to‐case ratio of 10:1 by computerized randomization. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the potential association between thalassemia and pregnancy outcomes. Results: A total of 223 pregnant women with GDM and thalassemia were analyzed, including women with α‐thalassemia (n = 143) and β‐thalassemia (n = 80). There were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes such as preterm birth and low‐birth weight among groups. However, among pregnancy complications, significant differences were detected in the incidence of placenta increta, polyhydramnios, and postpartum anemia between the thalassemia group and the non‐thalassemia group. Logistic regression results indicated that β‐thalassemia increased the risk of polyhydramnios (odds ratio [OR] = 3.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–13.65, p = 0.030) and chorioamnionitis (OR = 3.61, 95%CI: 1.04–12.49, p = 0.043) compared with the non‐thalassemia group. Conclusion: In our study, thalassemia did not increase adverse neonatal outcomes, but β‐thalassemia increased the risk of pregnancy complications, including polyhydramnios and chorioamnionitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]