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Introduction: Intra‐abdominal drains are often placed in emergency gastrointestinal surgery procedures with the aim to prevent the formation of intra‐abdominal collections (IAC) and aid in their early detection. However, the evidence for this is debated. This scoping review aims to evaluate the current evidence for their use in this setting. Methods: A literature search was performed using MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Primary studies published between January 2000 and September 2023 that assessed intra‐abdominal drain placement and post‐operative IAC formation in emergency gastrointestinal surgery were included. Results: A total of 26 articles were identified. There was no strong evidence to suggest that prophylactic intra‐abdominal drain placement influences the formation of IAC in emergency gastrointestinal procedures. There was a suggestion that drain placement may increase the rate of surgical site infection and length of hospital stay. However, current studies on the topic are of poor quality and high risk of bias. Conclusion: The undifferentiated use of drains in emergency gastrointestinal surgery should not be encouraged. Drain placement should be specific to the clinical context. Higher quality research is warranted to better understand the influence drain placement has on post‐operative outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial channels are common features in lowland agricultural catchments, and are a potentially significant habitat for aquatic species. Recent studies have suggested communities in managed rivers and artificial channels are broadly similar, but with some compositional differences. However, because relatively few studies have considered how artificial channels may contribute to supporting aquatic communities, their physicochemical condition and suitability for aquatic fauna remain poorly characterised. Therefore, this study explores the role of physicochemical variables in driving macroinvertebrate community differences between intensively managed rivers and artificial channels in a highly arable catchment. Aquatic macroinvertebrates were sampled in intensively managed rivers and artificial channels. Physicochemical water quality variables were also recorded, and used to identify macroinvertebrate community responses. Both intensively managed rivers and artificial channels had spatiotemporally stable communities, with no significant differences in richness, abundance, effective diversity or Berger–Parker dominance detected between sampling months or channel types. Macroinvertebrate composition in intensively managed rivers and artificial channels was significantly different, and driven by the relative abundance of taxa present, not the number of taxa unique to each channel type. Compositional differences between intensively managed rivers and artificial channels were partially driven by conductivity, dissolved oxygen and temperature. Identifying remaining sources of compositional variance may support tailored management strategies that accentuate compositional differences between rivers and artificial channels, increasing overall diversity in intensively farmed arable catchments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Postoperative drains have historically been used for the prevention and early detection of intra‐abdominal collections. However, current evidence suggests that prophylactic drain placement following colorectal surgery has no significant clinical benefit. This is reflected in the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) guidelines, which recommend against their routine use. The Ileus Management International study found more than one‐third of participating centres across the world routinely used drains in the majority of colorectal resections. The aim of the present study is to audit international compliance with ERAS guidelines regarding the use of postoperative drains in colorectal surgery. Method: This prospective, multicentre audit will be conducted via the student‐ and trainee‐led EuroSurg Collaborative network across Europe, South Africa and Australasia. Data will be collected on consecutive patients undergoing elective and emergency colorectal surgery with 30‐day follow‐up. This will include any colorectal resection, formation of colostomy/ileostomy and reversal of stoma. The primary end‐point will be adherence to ERAS guidelines for intra‐abdominal drain placement. Secondary outcomes will include the following: time to diagnosis of intra‐abdominal postoperative collections; output and time to removal of drains; and 30‐day postoperative complications defined by the Clavien–Dindo classification. Conclusion: This protocol describes the methodology for the first international audit of intra‐abdominal drain placement after colorectal surgery. The study will be conducted across a large collaborative network with quality assurance and data validation strategies. This will provide a clear understanding of current practice and novel evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of intra‐abdominal drain placement in colorectal surgical patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the study conducted to determine the efficacy of the vertical-horizontal distance integrator (VHDI) and sum of squares (SS) to calibrate pesticide fate models for responsive systems in France. It includes the use of long-term drainflow and isoprotun (IPU) data in performing calibration with the MACRO transport and fate model. It concludes that VHDI provides a more realistic assessment and is considered an effective alternative to SS.

Lumpectomy with axillary dissection for breast cancer is usually followed by at least an overnight stay in the hospital for drain management. We eliminated drains and discharged patients following lumpectomy and axillary dissection. A retrospective study of 80 consecutive patients from July 1, 1994, to June 30, 1995, formed the basis for this study. Drains were omitted in 20 consecutive patients discharged to home after undergoing lumpectomy with axillary dissection. This group was compared to the 62 previous patients who had 7 mm closed suction drains until the drainage was less than 25 ml/shift. Seroma formation occurred in 40% of the undrained patients compared to 6% of patients kept overnight in the hospital with a closed-suction drain (p < 0.001). Tumors were smaller and the number of nodes examined by the pathologists was fewer in the patients managed without drains. Patients developing seromas were older, heavier, and shorter than those who did not develop seromas. The use of a drain was related significantly to seroma formation in multivariate analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]