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Summary: As a consequence of continuing demand for additional capacity and higher quality data transmission, channel coding as a key component of a digital communication network has progressed from a classical single pair, point‐to‐point information theoretic application to a class of coding techniques with diverse parameters. The heterogeneous requirements of B5G/6G networks technology have made flexibility of code parameters the main desired feature while designing channel codes. Owing to this, channel coding techniques have evolved to support enabling applications that depend on different factors such as latency, reliability, energy efficiency and throughput. We review and discuss the application of new techniques, modifications in the design and construction of modern channel coding schemes, including block, convolutional, rateless and space‐time codes. Further, the error correction performance of mainstream channel decoders for LDPC, polar and turbo codes is compared and analysed for their attainable error rate. The aim of this study is to highlight the adaptability of the discussed coding schemes for the forthcoming cellular network landscape. This article also addresses the implementational challenges of high throughput, low latency and machine type communication scenarios. Moreover, some recent studies exploring the role of machine learning for optimisation of B5G/6G networks are classified and discussed. Concluding, research areas pertaining to the scalability of error control coding for next generation networking are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous literature has associated math literacy with linguistic factors such as verbal ability and phonological skills. However, few studies have investigated linguistic synchrony, shown in mathematical discussions. This study modelled math literacy and examined the relationship of math literacy with linguistic synchrony between students and facilitators. We retrieved data from 20,776 online mathematical discussion threads at a secondary school level. First, we assessed students' math literacy based on their discussions and classified them into high‐ and low‐math literacy groups. Then, we conducted Cross‐Recurrence Quantification Analysis (CRQA) to calculate linguistic synchrony within each thread. The result implies that students with high math literacy are more likely to share common words (eg, mathematical terms) with facilitators. At the same time, they would paraphrase the facilitators' words rather than blindly mimic them as the exact sentences or phrases. On the other hand, students with low math literacy tend to use overlapping words with facilitators less frequently and are more likely to repeat the exact same phrases from the facilitators. The findings provide an empirical data analysis and insights into mathematical discussions and linguistic synchrony. In addition, this paper implies the directions to improve online mathematical discussions and foster math literacy. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic Mathematical discussions are known to be an effective way to promote math literacy.Math literacy and linguistic skills have a strong link.Linguistic synchrony is related to better collaboration and common knowledge building.What this paper adds Reveals the relationship between math literacy and linguistic synchrony and deepens the understanding of digital communication in online learning environments.Provides empirical analysis of natural language data in group discussions using CRQA.Conceptualizes linguistic synchrony with three sub‐concepts: linguistic concurrence, predictability, and complexity.Implications for practice and/or policy Educators and practitioners could utilize the automatic formative assessment of math literacy based on the student's language use in mathematical discussions.Educational technology researchers and designers could include CRQA indices and recurrence plots in the dashboard design to provide information to support teachers and learners.Teachers would be able to provide real‐time interventions to promote effective mathematical communication and foster math literacy throughout mathematical discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Increasing global migration and (im)mobilities are affecting the provision of aged care in transnational families. Such families rely on digital communication technologies like WhatsApp to manage and maintain aged care obligations across borders. This study investigates the role of WhatsApp family groups in enabling transnational families to manage transnational aged care from a distance. I draw on interviews with three transnational family constellations with members in the United Kingdom and Zimbabwe. The study finds that WhatsApp family groups create a virtual home where Zimbabwean transnational families can plan, organise and deliver care to their ageing parents. However, managing transnational aged care through WhatsApp family groups can also pose problems, especially for migrants pressured to remit. Furthermore, gendered assumptions of care and asymmetrical power relationships entrenched in families are reinforced. The study contributes to the literature on transnational care and new technologies, providing a Zimbabwean perspective on co‐presence and mediated aged care practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Channel coding is the most significant part of every communication system. Future wireless systems will require extraordinary performance codes employing a low‐complication encoding process and decoding to accommodate scenarios ranging from effective throughput with low code rates for extended messages to high dependability for brief information messages with low code rates. The existence of digital transmission techniques that can communicate error‐free over a noisy channel is established by Shannon's channel theorem. Channel coding, however, increases communication dependability at the cost of higher computational costs and structured redundancy. The primary goals of the fifth‐generation cellular network (5G) are enhanced dependability, reduced redundancy, and decreased latency. Two promising communication systems for achieving this goal are LDPC codes and polar codes. The 3GPP, which established the 5G communication system, is reviewed in this paper, along with the encoding/decoding procedure and communication dependability. The encoding/decoding process will be evaluated using the three most studied communication channels: the Binary Erasure Channel (BEC), AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise), and the BSC (Binary Symmetric Channel). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional media and contemporary digital communication platforms have been instrumental in developing environmental awareness and educating the general public about the entrenched dangers of ecoprecarity. Visual references like ecocinema, short films, documentaries and television series have shown how the Anthropocene is affecting the world and how important human‐centred survival models are. These visual references have played a big part in ecological knowledge and shown possible ways to use socio‐ecological practices. The present article critically analyses Kaala Paani, a contemporary Indian Hindi‐language survival drama seven‐episode television series, and foregrounds how this series not only represents the ecological issues we face but also fosters a stronger sense of ethical accountability towards the long‐term impact of our decisions and actions on the natural environment. Through its focus on dramatizing environmental toxins and the power of indigenous and tribal knowledge to fight them, the series effectively tells viewers about the harmful effects of illegally exploiting the environmental buffer zone and the results of capitalist‐driven developmentalism. The series also inspires them to recognize the overwhelming existence of nature that the discourse of the ‘Anthropocene’ has downplayed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the powerful capability in manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves, digital coding and programmable metasurfaces have found vast application prospects across numerous areas such as next‐generation wireless communications and digital holography. Liquid crystals (LCs), as dielectric materials with significant birefringence effect over a wide frequency range, provide a cost‐effective solution for achieving the programmable metasurfaces and flexible EM manipulations, especially in the terahertz (THz) band. Different from the conventional 1D control and single functionality of transmissive LC‐based devices, here, a 16 × 16 addressable amplitude‐phase coding meta‐device is proposed to support for frequency multiplexing by using the film on glass (FOG) technology. Both numerical simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the meta‐atom exhibits an amplitude modulation depth over 90% and a phase tuning range ≈180° at two distinct frequencies, and hence the single meta‐device can provide multifunctional EM applications, including near‐field printing imaging, 3D THz energy convergence, and zero‐order Bessel beam generation. The proposed strategy paves a way for constructing highly integrated and high‐performance THz multifunctional information processing systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new design method of digital baseband signal for generating fully digital programmable optical frequency comb (OFC), which solves the problem of how to optimally select the digital baseband signal when OFC is generated by binary digital signal modulation. The inverse Fourier transform is used to study the waveform of binary digital signal which is used to generate OFC. It is found that the number of "0" bits of digital signal determines the flatness of comb lines. Based on this, a tunable ultra‐fine and ultra‐flat OFC was obtained by using a digital signal containing a large number of "0" bits in the experiment. This saves substantial computing time and resources compared to the current method of the k‐means clustering algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gibbons (Hylobatidae) are the smallest of the apes, known for their arboreal behavior and stereotyped songs. These species and sex‐specific songs are often the subject of detailed studies regarding their evolution, responses to changing environments, involvement in social behavior, and used to design vocalization‐based survey techniques to monitor population densities and trends. What is poorly understood is the value and impact of using the science and sound of gibbon vocalization and gibbon stories in education and outreach to complement nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) efforts. We present an example of how Borneo Nature Foundation, a NGOs based in Indonesia, is working to use the recordings of the songs of Bornean white‐bearded gibbons (Hylobates albibarbis) to inform conservation actions and education efforts. Gibbons in Indonesia are often poorly known or understood by the public compared to orangutans (Pongo spp). We showcase how a field of study, namely primate acoustics, is an untapped resource to create digital content to engage with local, national and international communities and can be developed into educational tools in the form of storytelling, mobile apps and games, to highlight the plight of these threatened species and how to conserve them. Research Highlights: Using the science of gibbon communication in education and outreach materials can enhance the NGO communication efforts.Using digital outreach materials can reach a wide audience around the world but the science to assess the impact needs more work.We showcase how unique aspects of difference species can help conservationists to create engaging outreach materials to help support conservation actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, the market share and user base of social media applications have witnessed significant growth. However, this surge in popularity has inadvertently drawn the attention of criminals aiming to exploit these platforms for illicit activities. The forensic examination of these applications emerges as a pivotal avenue for uncovering valuable insights into criminal behavior and identifying suspects. Discord, a social media platform, has become a significant focal point for such illicit activities. In this paper, we examine the remnants of Discord on both Windows and Linux operating systems, employing storage, memory, and network analysis techniques to review the remnants of Discord. Our investigation reveals a range of crucial artifacts that have been successfully recovered across all three areas of analysis, including login and payment details, chat history, account information, and much more. Collectively, these artifacts constitute a valuable resource for forensic investigations, allowing the reconstruction of most of the user's activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Videos are considered as most trustworthy means of communication in the present digital era. The advancement in multimedia technology has made video content sharing and manipulation very easy. Hence, the video authenticity is a challenging task for the research community. Video forensics refer to uncovering the forgery traces. The detection of spatiotemporal object‐removal forgery in surveillance videos is crucial for judicial forensics, as the presence of objects in the video has significant information as legal evidence. The author proposes a passive max–median averaging motion residual algorithm for revealing the forgery traces, successfully giving visible object‐removal traces followed by a deep learning approach, YOLO‐V8, for forged region localization. YOLO‐V8 is the latest deep learning model, which has a wide scope for real‐time application. The proposed method utilizes YOLO‐V8 for object‐removal forgery in surveillance videos. The network is trained on the SYSU‐OBJFORG dataset for object‐removal forged region localization in videos. The fine‐tuned YOLO‐V8 successfully classifies and localizes the object‐removal tampered region with an F1‐score of 0.99 and a precision of 0.99. The observed high confidence score of the bounding box around the forged region makes the model reliable. This fine‐tuned YOLO‐V8 would be a better choice in real‐time applications as it solves the complex object‐based forgery detection in videos. The performance of the proposed system is far better than the existing deep learning approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent technological advances have allowed businesses to adopt emojis when interacting with consumers. To gain in‐depth theoretical and managerial insight into this trend, five pre‐registered studies (1 field observation and four controlled experiments) indicate that emojis in digital communication work as heuristic cues that might have a differential effect depending on elaboration likelihood and outcome valence. Drawing on the Heuristic Information Processing and elaboration likelihood model, this research reveals that emojis can systematically influence consumers' elaboration. Findings indicate that low elaboration in positive encounters results in a positive heuristic cue boost (emojis improve customer evaluation). In turn, high elaboration on negative service outcomes makes the heuristic content relevant, such that positive (vs. negative) emojis will bring attention to and reinforce the interaction's positive (vs. negative) aspects. This research contributes to emerging studies on the role of emojis in digital communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This paper explores Australian military families' use of social media and digital communication to maintain and strengthen parent–child relationships during military deployments. Background: The physical and emotional well‐being of children and partners of military serving members is affected by service. Maintaining positive family relationships between military members and their children during periods of absence (including deployment) is important for parental relationships as well as the well‐being of the child. Method: A qualitative meta‐analysis is used to collate data from two previous studies of Australian Defence Force (ADF) families with children, in order to generate a new data set from which novel insights were drawn. Results: Families show a preference for social media and digital communication methods, and digital technologies affordances and practicalities are well suited for Defence families with children. There are a range of benefits; digital technologies are used to strengthen relationships between children and their deployed parent. The study highlights a range of challenges for deployed parents as well as points to the work required from the at‐home parent in facilitating these connections. Conclusion: Maintaining positive family relationships between military members and their children during times of absences is important for both relationships. This paper explores how ADF families use social and digital communication during military absences and outlines the role these technologies play as a medium for strengthening familial relationship. Implications. The findings of this paper highlight the importance of digital and social communication technologies for supporting families during absences. This has implications for the ADF, who might look to reduce members' access to such communication for security concerns. Reduced family well‐being may also have impacts on retention, a key issue for military organizations. Accordingly, the findings of this paper may be used to inform decisions about restricting internet and social media access for deployed military members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancements in digital communication technologies, such as social media, have transformed how individuals can interact inside and outside their organizations and participate in professional life. This qualitative study focuses on inclusion in the increasingly digitalized and interactive workplace. It adopts a managerial perspective and explores whether organizational members are perceived to have equal opportunities to participate and contribute in this novel environment. The research data consists of interviews with 24 managers in seven knowledge‐based organizations. The results show that both individual and organizational factors may become sources of inequality related to digital participation. The findings also emphasize that organizations have an important role in facilitating workers' digital inclusion. The paper contributes to the human resource management and digital inclusion literature and provides important managerial insights for organizations operating in the knowledge sector in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article will explore challenges posed by the digital communications revolution to some long‐standing concepts and assumptions around security, warfare, and peace. It will demonstrate the obsolescence of the traditional state‐focused national security paradigm with regards to matters of cybersecurity, as well as the limitations of conventional collective security approaches. It will also outline the Internet's potential as a peacebuilding medium, and the crossroads we currently face between a new era of cyberwarfare or an Internet for "cyberpeace." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facial emotion recognition (FER) represents a significant outcome of the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology. In today's digital era, the ability to decipher emotions from facial expressions has evolved into a fundamental mode of human interaction and communication. As a result, FER has penetrated diverse domains, including but not limited to medical diagnosis, customer feedback analysis, the automation of automobile driver systems, and the evaluation of student comprehension. Furthermore, it has matured into a captivating and dynamic research field, capturing the attention and curiosity of contemporary scholars and scientists. The primary objective of this paper is to provide an exhaustive review of FER systems. Its significance goes beyond offering a comprehensive resource; it also serves as a valuable guide for emerging researchers in the FER domain. Through a meticulous examination of existing FER systems and methodologies, this review equips them with essential insights and guidance for their future research pursuits. Moreover, this comprehensive review contributes to the expansion of their knowledge base, facilitating a profound understanding of this rapidly evolving field. In a world increasingly dependent on technology for communication and interaction, the study of FER holds a pivotal role in human‐computer interaction (HCI). It not only provides valuable insights but also unlocks a multitude of possibilities for future innovations and applications. As we continue to integrate AI and facial emotion recognition into our daily lives, the importance of comprehending and enhancing FER systems becomes increasingly evident. This paper serves as a stepping stone for researchers, nurturing their involvement in this exciting and ever‐evolving field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the input‐to‐state stability of an uncertain switched linear system with external disturbances, whose feedback loop is closed over a digital communication network. In the network, only a finite bit rate can be provided to transmit the feedback signal and unknown network delay always exists. By using reachable set approximation and propagation methods, it can well handle with the effects of model uncertainty, external disturbances and network delay on the stability of the system. To save network resources, event‐triggered sampling is taken here. Under the event‐triggered sampling strategies, a new encoder is proposed, which consumes less feedback bits than the conventional time‐triggered encoders. It is proven that even in the existence of model uncertainty, external disturbances and network delay, the proposed event‐triggered sampling strategies require a lower feedback bit rate to stabilize the switched system than conventional periodic sampling methods. To save network resources, event‐triggered sampling is taken here. Under the event‐triggered sampling strategies, a new encoder is proposed, which consumes less feedback bits than the conventional time‐triggered encoders. It is proven that even in the existence of model uncertainty, external disturbances and network delay, the proposed event‐triggered sampling strategies require a lower feedback bit rate to stabilize the switched system than conventional periodic sampling methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since time immemorial, the hegemonic imposition of cultural and political power asymmetries has resulted in the de jure and de facto exclusion of certain groups from the common weal. Withe the introduction of digital information and communication technologies (ICT), the rifts between the 'haves' and the 'have‐nots' have expanded at nearly exponential rates. To provide an instrument for analysing the complexities of bridging the digital and knowledge divides, a conceptual framework is presented that provides different perspectives on agency in the commonwealth and the infosphere, which, in turn, leads to a discussion of the operationalization of ethics and justice in human rights that directly affect the entelechy of wellbeing. This discussion provides a basis for exploring certain aspects of social‐cultural barriers to wellbeing, the commodification of human rights, digital imperialism and cultural hegemonies in the world polity, including the infosphere, that have a direct bearing on the wellbeing of all in the common weal. A summary and a call‐to‐action complete the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of a digital high‐frequency (HF) radio communication system requires an ionospheric channel model from the channel impulse response (CIR) measurement. Although the Watterson ionosphere channel model has been available and used for a long time, several CIR measurements have been conducted in all regions of the Earth in an attempt to validate or replace the Watterson channel model with a suitable model for their region. However, only a few CIR measurements were conducted in low‐latitude regions, especially over Indonesia. In this study, we develop the CIR measurement system for the near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) propagation mode over Java Island based on the software defined radio platform to meet low‐cost and simple operation requirements. The specification of the system is based on the International Telecommunication Union ionospheric channel characteristic document and increased in order to be able to capture higher values. Results from a 1‐week campaign measurement period show the ability of the system to measure the root mean square of time delay within the range of 0.2–1.3 ms and the Doppler shift within the range of 0.7–1.1 Hz in the quiet conditions of the ionosphere. Further measurements will be conducted to obtain a comprehensive ionosphere CIR that is useful for designing the NVIS‐HF digital communication in Indonesia, which is located beneath the crest region of an equatorial ionospheric anomaly. Plain Language Summary: An ionosphere channel model based on channel impulse response (CIR) measurement is required for the development of high‐frequency (HF) digital communication systems. There are a number of in situ CIR measurements around the world with the purpose of validating or replacing the Watterson ionosphere channel model with one that is more suitable for their perspective region. However, only a few ionosphere CIR measurements were conducted in the low‐latitude region, especially over Indonesia. In this study, we develop a low‐cost and simple CIR measurement system for the near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) propagation mode over Java Island, Indonesia, using a software‐defined radio platform. The specification of the system was based on the International Telecommunication Union ionosphere channel characteristic recommendation documents and increased in order to be able to observe higher values. Results from the 1‐week campaign measurement period show the capability of the system to measure the root mean square of time delay and Doppler frequency values. Further measurements will be taken to acquire complete CIR data for designing the NVIS‐HF communication system in Indonesia, which is under the crest area of an equatorial ionospheric anomaly. Key Points: Development of an ionosphere channel impulse measurement system based on low‐cost software defined radio implemented on Java IslandUtilizing a correlator channel sounder technique to meet a simple system and operationCampaign results show the ability of the system to observe a 0.2 ms time delay and a Doppler shift in the range of 0.7–1.1 Hz [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the robust control problem for networked uncertain semi‐Markov jump systems over digital communication channel, where some complicated factors are considered in this framework, such as false data injection attacks, incomplete sojourn‐time information, and actuator fault. In network environment, these problems frequently occurred: (1) Data must be quantified before it is transmitted via digital communication channels, and (2) there is always the risk of cyber‐attack. Traditional controllers are not effective to solve the robust control design issue of uncertain semi‐Markov jump systems since the signal quantization and cyber‐attack will degrade control performance evidently. Then, a resilient controller is designed to guarantee the stable running of system with incomplete sojourn‐time information and the system resiliency to unsecure shared data. With the help of Lyapunov stability theory, sufficient conditions are derived in the form of linear matrix inequality, which can determine the gains of the resilient controller. Finally, the simulation examples about single‐machine infinite‐bus power system are given to explain the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Co‐rumination is an interpersonal emotion regulation strategy in which negative feelings and problems are discussed perseveratively with another person. Although co‐rumination is salient in adolescence, research to date has focused on co‐rumination occurring in person and has not kept pace with the surge in digital communication that begins in adolescence. This study examined the degree, associations among, and consequences (i.e., depressive symptoms, and friendship quality) of adolescents' co‐rumination via in‐person, text, social media, and phone modalities. Methods: Adolescents (n = 109; 51 girls, 57 boys, 1 nonbinary; Mage = 12.83 years) residing in Canada, completed self‐report questionnaires on co‐rumination, depressive symptoms, and friendship quality for up to 2 years. Results: Adolescents engaged in co‐rumination across all modalities, particularly in‐person. Findings indicated a negative association between in‐person co‐rumination at baseline and in‐person co‐rumination over time. Whereas less text co‐rumination was associated with increased depressive symptoms over time, greater phone co‐rumination was associated with increased depressive symptoms over time. Although greater in‐person co‐rumination was positively associated with friendship quality concurrently, it was negatively associated with friendship quality prospectively. Conclusions: Taken together, co‐rumination outcomes may vary depending on communication modality. Implications for adolescents' mental and social wellbeing are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper engages theoretical principles from critical human geography, media and communication studies, and development literature to present a research trajectory that unpacks the influence of digital platforms in representing and mediating distant suffering. Critiques of aid and development communication have long focused on concerns around the representation of the Global South as an 'Othered' space; powerful and deeply problematic geographical imaginaries become embedded within contemporary dominant discourses of aid and development. As significant sources of aid and development imaginaries, how civil society has mediated distant suffering has been subject to much critique. However, the rapid transition towards engagement with digital platforms necessitates an extension of critical considerations about representation and mediation. For example: what impact do digital platforms, their knowledge politics and representational capabilities have on imaginaries of distant suffering? Digital platforms (such as websites and other social media platforms) are situated within and constituted by (and through) a 'digital knowledge politics'. These platforms and their mediations still exist within broader social practices and processes, and therefore remain entrenched within the power relations between Global North and Global South. This poses significant questions regarding the role digital platforms (and their representational capabilities) play in producing and mediating representations of distant strangers and their places. Moreover, further gaps within existing research emerge regarding how digital platforms can inform how (and indeed if) the public respond to such discourses. Through identifying key interdisciplinary intersections between critical human geographies and media and communication studies, this paper considers research trajectories that extend critical examinations of the role that digital platforms play in producing and representing aid and development imaginaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most important physical structure that is assumed to illustrate the geometry of optical soliton replication in optical fiber theory is the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). Optical soliton generation in nonlinear optical fibers is a topic of great contemporary interest because of the numerous applications of ultrafast signal routing systems and short light pulses in communications. This analysis's main goal is to create a large number of soliton solutions for the dynamical model using a variety of contemporary analytical methods. This paper studies different soliton solutions to the perturbed NLSE with Kerr law nonlinearity using two sets of two distinct integration strategies: the mapping approach and the unified auxiliary equation method. The majority of solutions have been found as Jacobi elliptic functions with limiting ellipticity modulus values. Solitons like dark, bright, optical, lonely, and others are also retrieved. We were able to create various single‐type solutions with the help of these strategies. As a result, there is a variety of optical, bell‐shaped, single periodic, and multi‐periodic solutions. In order to validate the computations, the stability of the acquired findings must also be proven. The study provides a highly stunning and suitable strategy for combining numerous exciting wave demonstrations for more advanced models of the present era. Furthermore, we can assert that the outcomes reported here are unique and novel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to explore dyadic latent classes of intergenerational solidarity with digital communication (texting, video call, and social media interaction) among older parent and adult child pairs during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and whether derived dyadic latent classes were associated with older parents' and adult children's depressive symptoms. Background: Previous studies have not considered how digital communication fits with the established intergenerational solidarity paradigm. Consequently, we know little about how the use of digital communication creates new types of intergenerational solidarity between older parents and adult children, and how they are associated with their depressive symptoms during the pandemic. Methods: Using data from the 2022 survey of the Longitudinal Study of Generations (LSOG), the analysis took a dyadic‐centered approach and applied a three‐step latent class analysis with 271 mother–child and 190 father–child dyads. Results: Dyadic partners were consistent in their relationship evaluations for the three latent classes identified in both mother–child and father–child dyads: tight‐knit traditional (strong solidarity with frequent in‐person contact), distant‐but‐digitally connected (geographically distant but frequent digital contact), and detached (low solidarity). In mother–child dyads, mothers reported significantly fewer depressive symptoms when they were in tight‐knit traditional and distant‐but‐digitally connected relationships, than those in detached relationships. In father–child dyads, adult children reported significantly fewer depressive symptoms when they were in tight‐knit traditional and distant‐but‐digitally connected relationships, than those in detached relationships. Conclusions: These findings suggest that digital communication was beneficial for older parents' and adult children's psychological well‐being, depending on parents' gender and generational position during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital transformation provides new opportunities for companies, but also unexpected consequences. We quantify the firms' level of digitalization using text analysis to examine whether digital transformation affects financial investment. The results conclude that digital transformation increases financial investment and our findings remain valid after robustness checks, indicating that digital transformation unexpectedly exacerbates the financialization problem of Chinese companies. We further discuss the motive and channels of corporate financialization under digital transformation. Our results show that digital transformation increases financial investment through financial surrogate intermediaries and higher return on financial assets. Therefore, managers should not ignore the potential negative effects during the process of digital transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) are increasingly using social media as a communication platform to promote their charitable marketing efforts. The purpose of our research is to investigate how NPOs can enhance message effectiveness by utilizing a social media influencer and different product benefit appeals (utilitarian vs. hedonic) in their social media posts to enhance attitudes toward the donation campaign and word‐of‐mouth (WOM) intention, leading to higher donation behavior. Across two experimental studies, we show that an NPO's donation post (i.e., social media post promoting a donation campaign) is evaluated more favorably when paired with a hedonic benefit appeal, while an influencer's donation post is more favorable when paired with a utilitarian benefit appeal. Further, we find that the effects of source and product benefit appeal types on donation behavior are serially mediated by attitude toward the donation campaign and WOM intention. As the use of influencers is becoming increasingly popular to support fundraising and charitable causes, our findings provide timely implications for researchers and practitioners who are interested in optimizing NPO communication strategies in the digital landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Mobile communication has multiplied in many digital intelligent applications. The machine‐type communication (MTC) services have afforded flexible communication facilities considering those facilities. However, high energy consumption and poor data rate have made the MTC a complex system. So, the resource allocation strategy has been introduced by different procedures such as neural models, optimization, and mathematical models. But, in some cases, these algorithms have recorded high complexity and high resource requirement. Hence, the present research article has planned to develop a novel Chimp‐based Extreme Neural Model (CbENM) for allocating the desired optimal resource for each machine user. Moreover, the resources were assigned based on the task completion deadline. Before the resource allocation process, the active state users were predicted by analyzing their data rate and deadlines. Finally, the desired resources were allocated to each user, and the performance was validated. The presented model has a lower delay bond rate and a high data aggregate rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships among information and communication technology (ICT) engagement, meta‐cognitive strategies and digital reading. Specifically, we used PISA 2018 data to examine whether (a) the behavioural aspect of ICT engagement negatively impacted digital reading, (b) the motivational aspect of ICT engagement positively impacted digital reading and (c) meta‐cognitive strategies mediated or moderated the relationship between ICT engagement and digital reading. Our findings revealed that (a) the behavioural aspect of ICT engagement negatively impacted digital reading, whereas the motivational aspect of ICT engagement, except ICT social motivation, positively impacted digital reading; (b) the behavioural aspect of ICT engagement, as well as ICT social motivation, had significant negative indirect effects on digital reading achievement through meta‐cognitive strategies, whereas all other motivational aspects of ICT engagement were differentially mediated by the meta‐cognitive strategies; (c) the impact of ICT social motivation on ICT engagement was mediated and moderated by meta‐cognitive strategies. These findings are discussed in terms of the educational implications, limitations and future directions. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic There is ambiguity in the literature regarding the relationship between ICT engagement and achievement.The nature of the relationships among ICT engagement, meta‐cognitive strategy use and achievement in digital reading remains unclear.What this paper adds The behavioural aspect of ICT engagement, as well as ICT social motivation, had significant negative indirect effects on digital reading achievement through meta‐cognitive strategies, whereas all other motivational aspects of ICT engagement were differentially mediated by the meta‐cognitive strategies.The impact of ICT social motivation on ICT engagement was mediated and moderated by meta‐cognitive strategies.Implications for practice and/or policy Practitioners should focus on how to utilize ICT by applying appropriate strategies.Students' knowledge about and use of meta‐cognitive strategies play positive roles even in the contexts when rote learning activities predominate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a two‐area endogenous growth model where abstract knowledge flows at no cost across space but tacit knowledge arises from the interaction among researchers and is hampered by distance. Digital communication reduces this "cost of distance" and reinforces productive specialization, leading to an increase in the system‐wide growth rate but at the cost of more inequality within and across areas. These results are consistent with evidences on the rise in the concentration of innovative activities, income inequality, and skills and income divergence across US urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid increase in size and frame rate of TV products, high‐ speed data transmission has become a major issue to be solved. This paper studied the PCB impact factors of high‐speed digital signal transmission on large‐sized display panels, like channel loss, crosstalk between adjacent signals, etc. Simultaneously, improvement methods for signal amplitude attenuation in panel transmission systems was proposed. Based on 98' 4K 120Hz TV product platform, the signal attenuation of transmission system was evaluated, and the effectiveness of the improvement schemes also was verified, the result shows signal quality in system can be improved above 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the rapidly evolving digital landscape, secure communication is crucial, and polarization‐sensitive photodetectors offer a promising approach to enhance security and efficiency. However, conventional devices face limitations in encoding capacity due to material‐specific anisotropic properties and geometric factors. In this study, the critical role of the flexoelectric effect in detecting polarized light in silicon and its effective utilization in secure communication systems are demonstrated. The device shows self‐biased photoresponse, which is modulated by up to 320% with the application of force by a sharp probe, a phenomenon attributed to the flexoelectric effect. The polarization sensing behavior is confirmed through comprehensive scanning photocurrent mapping, which is further supported by rigorous finite element simulations. As a potential application, the device is implemented to sense Morse code and effectively modulate it using the flexoelectric effect and light polarization angle, offering more sophisticated encryption methods for secure communication. This research provides valuable insights for advancing secure communication technologies and overcoming the inherent challenges associated with silicon‐based photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with cisplatin for head and neck cancer is often accompanied by symptoms of pharyngeal and oral mucositis. However, no standard medical program exists for the prevention and treatment of mucositis, and the mechanisms of mucositis have not yet been fully proven. Therefore, adaptive radiotherapy (ART), which is a re‐planning process, is administered when severe mucositis develops during the treatment period. We extracted the treatment plans of patients who developed severe mucositis from DICOM data and used machine learning to determine its quantitative features. This study aimed to develop a machine learning program that can predict the development of mucositis requiring ART. This study included 61 patients who received concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT). For each patient, the equivalent square field size of each segmental irradiation field used for VMAT, dose per segment (Gy), clinical target volume high, and mean dose of the oral cavity (Gy) were calculated. Furthermore, 671 five‐dimensional lists were generated from the acquired data. Support vector machine (SVM) and K‐nearest neighbor (KNN) were used for machine learning. For the accuracy score, the test size was varied from 10% to 90%, and the random number of data extracted in each test size was further varied from 1 to 100 to calculate a mean accuracy score. The mean accuracy scores of SVM and KNN were 0.981 ± 0.020 and 0.972 ± 0.033, respectively. The presence or absence of ART for mucositis was classified with high accuracy. The classification of the five‐dimensional list was implemented with high accuracy, and a program was constructed to predict the onset of mucositis requiring ART before treatment began. This study suggests that it may support preventive measures against mucositis and the completion of RT without having to re‐plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital technology has long provided new ways of initiating romantic relationships as people communicate through text messages, social media, and dating applications. Emojis have been widely adopted as a means of conveying nonverbal cues in digital communication. However, what role do platform‐provided social cues, such as emojis, play in fostering or impeding clear communication and shared romantic expectations from a flirtatious text message conversation? In this study, 713 college students were randomly assigned to read a Snapchat conversation with or without emojis and, they were subsequently asked to infer the characters' thoughts and feelings, clarity of the characters' intentions, and indicate their own discomfort with receiving a similar Snapchat message. The results showed that emojis increase the clarity of the main character's intentions. Moreover, the participants' cognitive efforts, the extent to which they were emotionally affected by the conversation, and the presence of emojis reduced comfort level with receiving a similar Snapchat message. These findings suggest that emojis provide clarity to romantic conversations, which can amplify the interpersonal discomfort of receiving text‐based sexual overtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, second language (L2) pragmatics research has predominantly focused on learners' oral communication, with digital communication being much less examined. In addition, although L2 pragmatics has mainly investigated speech acts, self‐praise has not been examined from the L2 perspective. Therefore, this study investigates instances of self‐praise posted by learners of Chinese on social networking sites. Data were collected from 20 advanced learners of Chinese who were asked to share instances of self‐praise they posted on their WeChat Moments. Altogether, 61 learners' self‐praise posts in L2 Chinese and 100 instances of self‐praise from 20 Chinese native speakers were collected. The learners' Chinese self‐praise was analyzed in terms of different pragmatic strategies and emoji uses, with comparisons against the native speakers' practices. Similarities and differences were analyzed between the two groups' self‐praise strategies and their emoji use in self‐praise posts. The findings showed that the advanced learners were able to employ the three major types of self‐praise strategies in their self‐praise posts on WeChat Moments. However, their repertoires of individual self‐praise strategies and emojis were not as wide as those of native speakers. In addition, the learners showed divergences from the native speakers in terms of their preferred self‐praise strategies and culture‐relevant emojis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual work environments are increasing and are part of the future of many organizations. While there are extensive advantages to virtual organizations, barriers to effective communication and collaboration build organizational reluctance to commit to this type of environment. The problem is little knowledge exists around how employees socialize informally in these organizations, including how they learn company culture, engage, and share knowledge using digital communication technology. This study presents an exploration of the experiences of participants working virtually in the insurance industry. The aim was to understand what it takes to increase informal socialization in virtual work settings. Data collection included interviews and diary entries from insurance employees. Five themes emerged: Employee's emotions vary based on their levels of connectivity, Staying connected enables employees to maintain bonds and unity, Multi‐communicating is an effective technique to get work done, Digital communication technology makes connecting easy, and Creating an office‐like atmosphere is possible by establishing a culture of connectivity. Creating a digital culture conducive to informal socialization between employees promotes positivity, bonds and unity, ease of connectivity and productivity, promotes culture, and can produce an office‐like atmosphere. Recommendations produced from these themes may be used to guide leaders in the engagement of virtual workers and in tackling the challenges of managing effective virtual environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This article presents a new Domain Specific Embedded Language (DSEL) dedicated to Software‐Defined Radio (SDR). From a set of carefully designed components, it enables to build efficient software digital communication systems, able to take advantage of the parallelism of modern processor architectures, in a straightforward and safe manner for the programmer. In particular, proposed DSEL enables the combination of pipelining and sequence duplication techniques to extract both temporal and spatial parallelism from digital communication systems. We leverage the DSEL capabilities on a real use case: a fully digital transceiver for the widely used DVB‐S2 standard designed entirely in software. Through evaluation, we show how proposed software DVB‐S2 transceiver is able to get the most from modern, high‐end multicore CPU targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of Things (IoT) has recently become one of the fast‐growing technologies in the world. Integrating existing systems with smart grids still represents a significant challenge arising from the massive cost of upgrading the infrastructure. This paper provides an IoT infrastructure solution based on a newly designed low‐cost microcontroller‐based IoT remote terminal unit (RTU) to integrate new, old, and conventional sites of existing grids with smart grids. The IoT RTU supports Wi‐Fi communication and includes digital/analog inputs and outputs besides the advantage of serial data transmission standard RS‐485 as an industrial field communication (IFC). The Modbus communication protocol is utilized as a serial industrial protocol that can be interfaced over the RS‐485 standard. The advantage of having an IFC protocol integrated into the IoT infrastructure enables to link any supported device and publish the required data to the cloud, besides the ability to add smart metering technologies, which allows Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) in these areas. IoT‐enabled Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is integrated with the proposed IoT infrastructure for its advantages of remote monitoring and control. The proposed IoT infrastructure is characterized by proper data security and low power consumption. The IoT infrastructure is simulated with an existing real application for proof of concept, and the results are discussed for different case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ensure the widespread dissemination of information and to foster interaction and dialogue with users, higher education institutions need to develop an active profile on the social networks. This paper analyses the influence of universities' posting strategy on their followers' engagement (reaction, virality and conversation) by measuring the level of activity and type of presence on their social networks. A content analysis was conducted to analyse 90,000 posts by 70 universities from Europe, the United States and Latin America on their institutional profiles on Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn. The universities' posting activity on their social media is moderate (with an overall mean of 7.04 posts per day), but the interaction rate is very low (0.237), far below the recommended levels of engagement. Notably, increased activity by universities on social networks does not lead to greater engagement but points to an inverse relationship between the two. Our findings also indicate that university‐created content (UCC) achieves a higher level of engagement (x¯ = 169.41) than university‐shared content (USC) (x¯ = 126.18). This study explores the effect of universities' posting strategy dimensions on their follower's interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Standard BIM data‐exchange format requirements are permeating Building Construction. This is due to the increasing digital communication between Stakeholders of complex projects. All steps of development (conception, design, procurement, construction and operation) are pushing towards integration of data schemas. Desirably, knowledge and value generated by one stakeholder may then be leveraged by other stakeholders. 3D models, simulations, measurements, logbooks, schedules, as‐built conditions and other information constructs are on the verge of interoperable communication. Structural Analysis must play a significant role within those more digitized data exchanges. This paper presents recent developments of frameworks, connectors and tools for the integration of structural I‐shaped beam entities into Digital Twins. The information construct I‐Twin encompasses information loads for geometries (IFC‐Based), sensors (IoT) and simulations (FEM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance and stability of the electric network are improved through smart grid technologies. The smart grid strongly rely on digital communication technologies creates security issues that must be addressed to distribute power efficiently and safely. For billing, load balancing, and energy management, the customer‐side smart meter regularly transmits the consumption reading to the system operator. However, dishonest customers created cyberattacks by entering fictitious readings of their electrical consumption in order to steal electricity for financial benefit. The distributed monitoring meter‐based network concept is utilized in this paper to closely monitor the losses. A two‐stage clustering‐based technique has also been suggested for the purpose of detecting theft. The approach can be detect the customer ID having abnormality in consumption pattern. To verify the effectiveness of the suggested strategy, numerical experiments on two datasets of smart meters have been conducted and four different types of attack patterns have been constructed. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is very effective for detecting various types of attack patterns. In addition, the paper helps to predict how much power and financial loss the company will suffer as a result of multiple attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) has grown rapidly over the past few years. The main challenges for people who design and make these systems are to make them use less energy and use as small hardware as possible. Recording and sending compressed images in IoT systems must be secure. Secure image transmission requires encryption, watermarking, and compression. In choosing these algorithms, one should always consider energy efficiency and low hardware complexity. So, we propose a secure way to send data in IoT systems by combining encryption, watermarking, and compression. Depending on what is needed, we use a lightweight encryption algorithm, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) watermarking, and Discrete cosine transform + Lempel‐Ziv‐Welch (DCT+LZW) compression. In this method, the main contribution is to make a security pack that is small, strong, and easy to implement for secure image transmission on IoT systems. In the experiments, several images are used to judge how well the proposed integrated method works and how well it compares to other methods. When the proposed method was compared to other methods, the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) parameter improved by more than 20% in the Lena image and by more than 11% in the Baboon image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of model‐based dose calculation algorithms (MBDCAs) in brachytherapy provides an opportunity for a more accurate dose calculation and opens the possibility for novel, innovative treatment modalities. The joint AAPM, ESTRO, and ABG Task Group 186 (TG‐186) report provided guidance to early adopters. However, the commissioning aspect of these algorithms was described only in general terms with no quantitative goals. This report, from the Working Group on Model‐Based Dose Calculation Algorithms in Brachytherapy, introduced a field‐tested approach to MBDCA commissioning. It is based on a set of well‐characterized test cases for which reference Monte Carlo (MC) and vendor‐specific MBDCA dose distributions are available in a Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine—Radiotherapy (DICOM‐RT) format to the clinical users. The key elements of the TG‐186 commissioning workflow are now described in detail, and quantitative goals are provided. This approach leverages the well‐known Brachytherapy Source Registry jointly managed by the AAPM and the Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core (IROC) Houston Quality Assurance Center (with associated links at ESTRO) to provide open access to test cases as well as step‐by‐step user guides. While the current report is limited to the two most widely commercially available MBDCAs and only for 192Ir‐based afterloading brachytherapy at this time, this report establishes a general framework that can easily be extended to other brachytherapy MBDCAs and brachytherapy sources. The AAPM, ESTRO, ABG, and ABS recommend that clinical medical physicists implement the workflow presented in this report to validate both the basic and the advanced dose calculation features of their commercial MBDCAs. Recommendations are also given to vendors to integrate advanced analysis tools into their brachytherapy treatment planning system to facilitate extensive dose comparisons. The use of the test cases for research and educational purposes is further encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applying health psychological theories can improve communication interventions to empower pregnant women and ensure safe births. The aim was to test a short digital communication intervention based on the health action process approach. A randomized‐controlled trial was conducted with pregnant women at two German university hospitals. The intervention group (NT1 = 225; NT2 = 142) received a 2.5 h online training focusing on communication planning, self‐efficacy and communicating personal needs and preferences under difficult circumstances. This group was compared with a passive control group (NT1 = 199; NT2 = 144). Data from the N = 286 women with complete datasets were used for multilevel analyses. Data from all recruited N = 424 women were used for intention‐to‐treat analyses with multiple imputation. Both groups improved regarding communication behavior, quality of birth, action planning, coping planning and coping self‐efficacy after birth, which was more pronounced in the intervention group. The intention‐to‐treat analyses confirmed the higher improvement for communication behavior, perceived quality of birth and coping planning. The intervention was related to improvements in pregnant women's communication behavior and quality of birth. Hence, future research and practice should apply and evaluate health psychological theories when targeting communication and empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These developments have the potential to foster additional innovation, facilitate future problem-solving and optimisation strategies, and ultimately contribute to mature OWC technologies. Keywords: optical communication; underwater optical wireless communication EN optical communication underwater optical wireless communication 87 90 4 08/24/23 20230801 NES 230801 Since 2011, optical wireless communication (OWC) technologies have gained momentum. These technologies include visible light communications (VLC), underwater VLC, Li-Fi, optical camera communications (OCC), visible light positioning, visible light sensing and free space optics, among others. [Extracted from the article]

Summary: Due to the remarkable development of Internet technologies, a great deal of valuable digital data is now transmitted over public networks. To guarantee the security of this data during the transfer process, the authentication of its integrity is extremely important. This paper introduces a robust and secure dual‐watermarking‐based fusion of watermarking, optimization, and a compression method utilizing non‐sub‐sampled contourlet transform (NSCT), redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT), and singular value decomposition (SVD). In our method, we first apply the NSCT to a higher entropy sub‐band of the host image. Then, our method uses RDWT‐SVD on higher frequency coefficients of the NSCT image. A similar procedure is followed for both mark images. Finally, an appropriate scaling factor, as obtained by fuzzy inference system, is used to invisibly embed the singular values of both mark data into the host image. Here, any more important mark data are scrambled before the embedding process. The simulation tests reveal that the proposed technique is not only imperceptible and secure but also robust against common attacks. The suggested method has a superior ability to extract hidden information than previous conventional techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalization is of great significance for resource‐based enterprises to break through the dual constraints of resource and environment. Based on the data of China's A‐share resource‐based listed enterprises, this study empirically examines the direct effect and transmission mechanism of digital transformation on the enterprises' environmental performance. The study finds that digital transformation significantly enhances the environmental performance of enterprises by stimulating green technology innovation, accelerating human capital accumulation, increasing environmental information disclosure, and strengthening environmental governance. The environmental performance of state‐owned, large‐size and high‐tech resource‐based enterprises is more prominently affected by digital transformation. In the eastern region and areas with higher environmental regulation, the impact of digital transformation on the environmental performance of resource‐based enterprises is more significant. This study provides targeted suggestions for resource‐based enterprises to make full use of the digital dividends and achieve high‐quality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital transformation has become a research focus in recent years. Likewise, internal communication (IC) is one of the fastest‐growing specialisations in public relations and communication management. This research explores digital internal communication (DIC) at the nexus between digital transformation and IC. We provide an integrative review of the literature; our thematic analysis of selected journal articles and other scholarly texts is guided by the concept of organisations as socio‐technical systems. Furthermore, we create a template using NVivo software to organise the emerging themes and clusters following the logic of communication levels. This template allows us to explain the phenomenon of DIC in a socio‐technical organisational system and discuss how the emerging themes are interrelated, people‐focused, and linked to competency development and trust‐building. As a contribution to theory, we offer a conceptual model which illustrates the dynamics of DIC as an interplay of socio‐technical elements on three communication levels. This conceptual model can be further developed in scholarly discussions on DIC and by organisations reflecting on their IC use in a digital workplace environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Digital Engineering Strategy released in June 2018 outlined the DoD's strategic goals which "promote the use of digital artifacts as a technical means of communication across a diverse set of stakeholders." Ultimately, by involving a variety of perspectives in the design decisions, one can increase quality and speed without increasing risks. "In addition to build, test, field and sustainment of defense systems, emphasis was placed on the acquisition and procurement of systems and the importance of digital engineering. This was further reinforced in the Feb 2022 release of the Engineering of Defense Systems Guidebook which contains Digital Engineering sections in each chapter. The norm for Systems Engineering has become Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) in which models are used at all phases of development. To complete the digital thread from concept to disposal, models will be required for the acquisition phase. This paper will describe Model‐Based Acquisition (MBAcq), and how it can be used to increase clarity for compliance and understanding in Systems and Software Acquisition." (Hause, Hart, 2022) MBAcq can supplant the use of document‐based specification but only if we come together as an industry to develop and agree upon some standardization. A word of caution, model‐based approaches will only be successful if they are grounded in sound systems engineering practices. The thought process to create the models are as equally important as the resulting models themselves. This paper will discuss the work being done by the OMG MBAcq User Group, which is a broad industry body with participation from INCOSE, Armed Services, OUSD, DoD CIO, NDIA, DAU, FFRDCs and many industry suppliers, such as Boeing, Northrup Grumman, and Lockheed Martin, working together to successfully create both the standardization and guidance to successfully deploy MBAcq to the larger community. Parts of this paper were first published by the authors in (Hause, Hart, 202) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protest in the gig economy has taken many forms and targets (platforms, customers and state officials). However, researchers are yet to adequately account for this diversity. We use a European survey of Upwork and PeoplePerHour platform workers to investigate worker orientation towards different forms of protest. Results reveal that worker anger, dependence and digital communication shape contention in the remote gig economy. Support for collective organisation is associated with anger at platforms as well as their dependence on the platform and communication with other workers. Individual action against clients is associated with anger and communication but not dependence. Support for state regulation is associated only with anger but not dependence or communication. We conclude that the relational approach entailed by Mobilisation Theory can aid explanation in the gig economy by shedding light on the dynamic process by which solidarity and dependence alter the perceived cost/benefits of particular remedies to injustice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As telecommunication systems evolve, there is an increasing demand for multi‐band MIMO base‐station antennas. Antenna arrays are generally used to support multiple frequencies with multiple ports in a compact size. However, this can result in significant degradation in scattering patterns and return loss/port isolation due to the close proximity of the radiation from the array. Various techniques have been proposed in the literature to address these issues. This paper presents an overview of the challenges faced by base station antennas (BSAs) over time and their general solutions. With the technological advancements of communication systems, accompanied by high data rates, high‐frequency antenna designs and MIMO operations have been introduced at the base station level. Base station antennas encountered design challenges, including broad bandwidth, high isolation levels, stable half‐power beam width, beam squint reduction, high cross polarization discrimination (XPD), gain improvement, beam steering, compact size, and cost reduction. This survey provides information on the solutions adopted by researchers over time for each design challenge, with citations. Additionally, the authors discuss techniques developed to overcome these challenges, demonstrating the evolution of BSAs from the first to the fifth generation of telecommunication systems. Key Points: Techniques are discussed which have been developed over the time to overcome design challenges of 5G base station antennasBeam steering has been successfully achieved through a Butler matrix, Luneburg lens, and digital beamforming integrated RF transceiverChanging the radiator shape, balun design, and parasitic element has achieved a broad bandwidth requirement for high volume data transfer and large capacity communications [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the 142nd annual general meeting of the SCI (Society of Chemical Industry), highlighting the achievements, growth, and future plans of the society. Topics discussed include the financial update, membership growth, recognition of exceptional contributions, and the establishment of new groups to enhance collaboration between science and business.