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Work sample tests gather information about behavior that is consistent with the behavior being predicted. This criterion‐related validity study examines whether a work sample test can predict behaviors more than 6 months later among managers (N = 127) in a large municipal organization. Ratings from both the subordinates (SOR) and supervisors (SVR) of the managers were used as criteria for the leadership dimensions of Influencing others, Consideration, and Planning. In total, six hypotheses were tested. The results were corrected for range restriction in the predictors and for unreliability in the criteria. The hypothesis that the work sample test score of Consideration predicted subordinates' ratings of Consideration received full support (ρ¯ = 0.33; CI [0.06–0.56]). The Consideration work sample test score also showed a positive relationship with supervisor ratings of Consideration (ρ¯ = 0.22; CI [−0.01 to 0.43]), although the confidence interval includes zero. No significant criterion‐related validity was found for Influencing others or Planning. Given the results, the work sample test can primarily be used to predict Consideration. The results are discussed, and suggestions for further research are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Le livre de poésie Ceux du lointain (2017) de Patricia Cottron‐Daubigné ressort à un versant de la littérature contemporaine qui s'intéresse aux représentations des personnes migrantes. L'objectif de cet article est de mettre en évidence les processus par lesquels l'auteure fait voir au lecteur la vie, et non la survie ou non‐vie, de migrants africains et d'une femme Rom, et l'entraîne vers la considération. À partir d'une perspective sémantico‐énonciative, seront envisagées la mise en abîme de l'écriture, la désignation des personnes migrantes, dont l'usage des pronoms personnels, l'attention aux valeurs humaines. Par ailleurs, cet article aborde la dimension résistante de Ceux du lointain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building off and extending the metatheoretical framework of political skill, we examined the cognitive and behavioral mechanisms through which the intrapsychic effects of political skill inform its interpersonal effects, and how these interpersonal effects ultimately are transmitted into desirable outcomes. Specifically, we argue that politically skilled leaders demonstrate better situational appraisals (i.e., understanding), and thus, more appropriate situational responses (e.g., consideration and initiating structure behaviors); the demonstration of appropriate situational responses is argued to positively affect subordinates' evaluations of their leaders (i.e., instrumentality) and subordinates' concomitant attitudes (e.g., job satisfaction) and behaviors (e.g., performance). Results provided mixed support for the hypothesized relationships. Specifically, leader understanding mediated the relationship between political skill and consideration but not the relationship between political skill and structuring behaviors. Moreover, consideration was positively related to subordinates' group‐level instrumentality perceptions, whereas initiating structure was not. Finally, subordinates' individual (within‐level) perceptions of leader instrumentality were positively related to job satisfaction and performance. The implications of these findings as they relate to theory and practice are discussed along with this investigation's strengths, limitations, and directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of improving the attitude of dental students towards the use of a full‐body patient simulation system (SIMROID) compared to the traditional mannequin (CLINSIM) for dental clinical education. Materials and methods: The participants were 10 male undergraduate dental students who had finished clinical training in the university hospital 1 year before this study started. They performed a crown preparation on an upper pre‐molar tooth using SIMROID and CLINSIM as the practical clinical trials. The elapsed time for preparation was recorded. The taper of the abutment teeth was measured using a 3‐dimensional shape‐measuring device after this trial. In addition, a self‐reported questionnaire was collected that included physical pain, treatment safety and maintaining a clean area for each simulator. Qualitative data analysis of a free format report about SIMROID was performed using text mining analysis. This trial was performed twice at 1‐month intervals. Results: The students considered physical pain, treatment safety and a clean area for SIMROID significantly better than that for CLINSIM (P < .01). The elapsed time of preparation in the second practical clinical trial was significantly lower than in the first for SIMROID and CLINSIM (P < .01). However, there were no significant differences between the abutment tapers for both systems. For the text mining analysis, most of the students wrote that SIMROID was similar to real patients. Conclusion: The use of SIMROID was proven to be effective in improving the attitude of students towards patients, thereby giving importance to considerations for actual patients during dental treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In MWB Business Exchange Centres Ltd v Rock Advertising Ltd the Court of Appeal held that when an ongoing contract is varied so that one party's obligation to pay money is reduced, the variation is binding as long as the other party receives a practical benefit. In doing so, the Court of Appeal effectively confined the rule in Foakes v Beer to one-off payments. This raises serious questions about the continued survival of Foakes v Beer. On the other hand, the Court of Appeal ensured that Foakes v Beer would not be killed off via equity by moving away from the suggestion in Collier v P & M J Wright (Holdings) Ltd that an agreed part-payment of a debt by a debtor will always raise an estoppel preventing the creditor from demanding the remainder of the debt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines the relationship between virtue and understandings of time through a comparative examination of two medieval Christian writers, Bernard of Clairvaux and Thomas Aquinas. By locating temporal dimensions of virtue primarily in discussions of prudence, this essay compares Thomas's account of the virtue of counsel as preparatory to prudent judgment with Bernard's earlier account of consideration as an integrating virtue that coordinates an examination of physical surroundings and social responsibilities with an examination of one's own inner life and history of moral decisions. The essay argues that accounts of virtue ethics focusing on tradition-specific views of the human good and practical reasoning are insufficient if they do not also examine how practical reasoning interprets and responds to religious interpretations of time that disclose the distinctive kinds of moral problems arising in each historical period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This note discusses the decision of the Court of Appeal in Collier v P & M J Wright (Holdings) Limited, and notes that while the Court purports to uphold both the decision in Pinnel's Case and the effect of Re Selectmove, in fact, by an extension of promissory estoppel, it bypasses them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]