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The goal of microphysiological systems (MPS) is to replicate the relevant functionality of human organ tissues in in vitro. MPS technology so far has been used to simulate the various human organs and with the help of sensor integration in the MPS systems the biological activities of the organ to be modeled have been translated into data to be analyzed for further considerations. Most standard characterization approaches are intrusive and detrimental, and not feasible for online monitoring of cell cultures. Microfluidic biosensors, for instant, provide non‐invasive on‐line detection of biomarkers and molecules under targeted indicators with a high detection extent, successfully overcoming the limits of existing approaches. Microfluidic biosensors are rapidly being incorporated into MPS and employed for real‐time target identification as a result. In this review the focus is on emerging ways for miniaturizing and embedding biosensing systems in MPS also known as "organ‐on‐chip". Cutting‐edge microfluidic biosensors are also covered with examples, showing their key benefits in monitoring MPS and highlighting current breakthroughs, before describing the remaining problems and anticipated future improvements in integrated microfluidic biosensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer management is major concern of health organizations and viral cancers account for approximately 15.4% of all known human cancers. Due to large number of patients, efficient treatments for viral cancers are needed. De novo drug discovery is time consuming and expensive process with high failure rate in clinical stages. To address this problem and provide treatments to patients suffering from viral cancers faster, drug repurposing emerges as an effective alternative which aims to find the other indications of the Food and Drug Administration approved drugs. Applied to viral cancers, drug repurposing studies following the niche have tried to find if already existing drugs could be used to treat viral cancers. Multiple drug repurposing approaches till date have been introduced with successful results in viral cancers and many drugs have been successfully repurposed various viral cancers. Here in this study, a critical review of viral cancer related databases, tools, and different machine learning, deep learning and virtual screening‐based drug repurposing studies focusing on viral cancers is provided. Additionally, the mechanism of viral cancers is presented along with drug repurposing case study specific to each viral cancer. Finally, the limitations and challenges of various approaches along with possible solutions are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this work, we are reporting the preparation of graphene‐based conductive paints using mechanochemically prepared graphene nanosheets as a conductive pigment and alkyd resin as the binder with non‐toxic additives. The surface morphology and intermolecular interactions between the graphene pigments and alkyd resin in the prepared graphene nanopaint are studied using field emission scanning electron microscope, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopic analysis, respectively. The formation of percolation pathways owing to the interconnected graphene sheets in the paint matrix resulted in an excellent conductive behavior of the as‐prepared graphene paint, thus ensuring its applications in conductive paint technology. Furthermore, Raman mapping analysis (including intensity maps and peak position maps) was used to understand the spatial distribution of graphene sheets in the alkyd resin matrix of the paint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces area‐selective atomic layer deposition (AS‐ALD) using fluorocarbon (FC) mask patterns with low surface energy. FC mask patterns were formed on a glass substrate by inkjet printing method. The surface energy of the printed FC thin film was 13.04 dyne/cm enough low to inhibit nucleation and growth during ALD. 10 µm wide Al2O3 patterns were selectively formed by removal of FC mask patterns using oxygen plasma after Al2O3 ALD processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium-ion capacitors have received much attention compared to lithium-based systems, owing to the improved safety and earth abundancy. Here, we assembled an aqueous sodium-ion capacitor by using nickel hexacyanoferrate and graphene as positive and negative electrodes, respectively, in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. The fabricated capacitor can work in a wide potential window from 0 to 2 V, giving an energy density of 39.35 Wh kg−1 with better capacitance retention of about 91 %, even after 2000 cycles. Besides, the cost-effective precursors as well as environmentally friendly and earth-abundant electrolytes with high safety will ensure that the fabricated sodium-ion capacitor system is suitable for next-generation energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A thin film of polyflourene polymer was sandwiched between a conductive polymer deposited on silver nanowire and metal electrode to form a multilayer polymer-based diode device. The electrical properties of fabricated polymeric diode have been studied by current-voltage method. The current-voltage characteristics of the fabricated device exhibited non-ideal, asymmetrical, and rectifying behavior. Ohmic current conduction mechanism was observed in the device at low voltage. At higher voltage values, the space-charge-limited current conduction mechanism was found to be dominated. The values of the Schottky barrier height, ideality factor, and saturation current density were extracted according to the standard thermionic emission model and discussed. The barrier height and ideality factor were calculated as 0.72 eV and 2.53, respectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This study investigates the resistive behavior of rod-coated micrometer thick films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) on ultra-low modulus (120- 130 kPa) polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate having scratch or microtrench-type roughness patterns. On average, the films were found to remain electrically functional up to 23% axial strain with an average increase of three times in the value of the normalized resistance. The films were also found to remain conductive up to bending diameter of 4 mm with an average increase of 1.12 times their initial resistance. The rod-coated PEDOT:PSS films on ultra-low modulus PDMS having microtrench-type roughness were also found to remain functional even after 1000 bending cycles at a bending diameter of 4 mm and even smaller with an increase in resistance that was on average 1.15 times their initial resistance. The films were found to fail firstly by cracking and thereby debonding from the substrate under the application of axial strain. On the other hand, the films exhibit no delamination under bending strains. The results from this investigation suggest that the polymer-polymer laminate has potential applicability in stretchable and flexible electronics and related applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 226-233 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Conductive polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) or PEDOT:PSS has become increasingly important in present day organic electronics. PEDOT:PSS being a polymer is more durable than metals used in electronics and thus offers greater mechanical flexibility during operation. This article presents results regarding resistive behaviors of blade coated PEDOT:PSS films on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate having random micro ridges as a function of axial strain and different temperatures. The average resistance of the blade coated PEDOT:PSS films were found to increase by 1.4 times between 35 and 45% axial strain. The resistances of the films were found to change within the temperature range of 25-230°C without any thermal morphological degradations and the polymer-polymer laminate also showed linear thermal actuation behavior. These results suggest that the blade coated PEDOT:PSS films on PDMS substrates with random micro ridges can be potentially useful in versatile applications like stretchable conductors, thermal actuators, thermoelectric generators, and as heating surfaces. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41235. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional atomic layer deposition (ALD) technologies are capable of fabricating supreme quality thin films of a wide variety of materials, but sequential introduction and purging of precursors and inert gases prevent its application in the mass production of thin films under atmospheric conditions. In this study, we introduce a novel technique of roll-to-roll atmospheric (R2R-A)ALD using a multiple-slit gas source head. Thin films of Al2O3 are developed on a movable web of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate at 50 °C. The Al2O3 deposition is carried out under a working pressure of 740 Torr, which is very near to atmospheric pressure (760 Torr). An appreciable growth rate of 0.98 Å per cycle is observed at a carefully optimized web velocity of 7 mm s−1. Good morphological, chemical, electrical, and optical characteristics are shown by the Al2O3 films produced at a large scale. Low root mean square roughness ( Rq) values of 1.85 nm and 1.75 nm are recorded for the Al2O3 films deposited at 50 °C over 75 and 125 ALD cycles, respectively. The appearance of Al 2p, Al 2s, and O 1s peaks at the binding energies of 74 eV, 119 eV, and 531 eV, respectively, in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirms the fabrication of Al2O3 films, which is also supported by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The films show excellent insulating properties, and optical transmittance of more than 85% is recorded in the visible region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good quality Al2O3 thin films are deposited on polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates through atomic layer deposition (ALD) at temperatures as low as 35 °C. Trimethylaluminum [TMA, Al(CH3)3] and water are used as precursors in the present study. Growth rates of 1.14 Å per cycle are observed at 35 °C, while the average arithmetic roughness ( Ra) of the film is 0.86 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirms the high purity of the grown films with no carbon contamination. Good insulating properties are observed for the films and optical transmittance of more than 90% is recorded in the visible region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the efficient fabrication of the Poly[9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl]-co-1,4-benzo-(2,1,3)-thiadiazole (F8BT) thin film using the electrostatic spray technique. Electrostatic atomization of the in-house developed F8BT polymer ink was achieved at considerable low voltage. The structural and optical characterizations of the fabricated F8BT thin film were thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, the organic diode structure with electrostatic spray deposited F8BT thin film was fabricated and its performance was analyzed by performing current voltage measurement. The current-voltage characteristic curve of the organic diode showed nonlinear diode like behavior, thereby confirming the proper interference established between organic diode adjacent layers. The space charged limited current mechanism has been found to be dominant in the fabricated organic device with carrier mobility value of 5.65 e−4 cm2V−1s−1. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:675-681, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Identifying psychosocial needs and satisfying them are important issues to many cancer patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychosocial needs of cancer patients and its related factors, based on a nationwide sample of cancer patients in Korea. Methods A multi-center survey was administered to 2661 cancer patients from 10 cancer centers in Korea. The survey measured the needs for psychosocial support, using the Comprehensive Needs Assessment Tool in Cancer, and potential correlates, such as socio-demographic and clinical factors. Multivariate ordinal regression and binary logistic regression were conducted to identify factors that may predict psychosocial needs. Results On the measure for psychosocial needs, the median score of psychological problems was 2.73 points and that of social support was 1.92 points, as the standardized score on a scale of 10 points. Needs for psychological problems were positively correlated with intensive treatment, degree of stress, problems with EQ5-D, needs for information and education, needs for hospital facilities/services and needs for physical symptoms. The need for social support was positively correlated with problems with EQ5-D and other unmet needs of cancer patients. Income levels and the number of years since diagnosis were negatively correlated with the need for social support. Conclusion Unmet psychosocial needs were common in cancer patients and have varied according to patients' socio-demographic and clinical factors. These results suggest that a psychosocial approach to treatment should be applied comprehensively and that such an approach should be matched to patients' socio-demographic and clinical circumstances. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High triplet energy exciplex hosts are developed using new electron transport type hosts with triphenylsilyl blocking groups to obtain high solid state triplet energy and exciplex triplet energy. Two triphenyltriazine derived hosts, 2‐phenyl‐4,6‐bis(4‐(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (pSiTrz) and 2‐phenyl‐4,6‐bis(3‐(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (mSiTrz), are synthesized as the high triplet energy hosts with electron transport properties. The two hosts show high triplet energy over 2.90 eV both in solution and solid film, and afford high triplet energy over 2.90 eV in the mixed hosts with a hole transport type 2,2′‐di(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (oCBP) host. The doping of a deep blue phosphorescent emitter in the mixed host oCBP:mSiTrz achieves high external quantum efficiency over 20% with a color coordinate of (0.14, 0.16) and device lifetime of longer than 1000 h at 100 cd m‐2. This is the first demonstration of simultaneous achievement over 20% external quantum efficiency (EQE) and 1000 h lifetime in the deep blue organic light‐emitting diodes with a x+y color coordinate value below 0.30. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]