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Resting‐state fMRI has shown the ability to predict task activation on an individual basis by using a general linear model (GLM) to map resting‐state network features to activation z‐scores. The question remains whether the relatively simplistic GLM is the best approach to accomplish this prediction. In this study, several regression‐based machine‐learning approaches were compared, including GLMs, feed‐forward neural networks, and random forest bootstrap aggregation (bagging). Resting‐state and task data from 350 Human Connectome Project subjects were analyzed. First, the effect of the number of training subjects on the prediction accuracy was evaluated. In addition, the prediction accuracy and Dice coefficient were compared across models. Prediction accuracy increased with the training number up to 200 subjects; however, an elbow in the prediction curve occurred around 30–40 training subjects. All models performed well with correlation matrices, which displayed correlation between actual and predicted task activation for all subjects, exhibiting a strong diagonal trend for all tasks. Overall, the neural network and random forest bagging techniques outperformed the GLM. These approaches, however, require additional computing power and processing time. These results show that, while the GLM performs well, resting‐state fMRI prediction of task activation could benefit from more complex machine learning approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of transition metal (M)‐promoted carbon‐silicon (C−M−Si; M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr) solid acid catalysts with designated molar ratio of M/Si=1 : 8 were fabricated and exploited for acetalization of benzaldehyde (BzH) with ethylene glycol (EG). The physical and chemical properties of these C−M−Si catalysts prepared by sol‐gel method were characterized by various techniques, namely, SEM, EDS, TGA‐DTG, BET, XRD, FTIR, XPS, and NH3‐TPD. Among various examined acidic C−M−Si catalysts, the C−Fe−Si catalyst exhibited the optimal catalytic activity with the benzaldehyde glycol acetal (BEGA) yield of 97.67 %, in excellent agreement with the value (97.88 %) predicted by the response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box‐Behnken design (BBD). C−Fe−Si catalyst with the high catalytic activities and excellent stability and reusability may be ascribed to the suitable acidity and uniform surface distribution of active sites requisite for the acid‐catalyzed acetalization reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous improvement of display demand in scientific research and the market, Micro‐light‐emitting diode (LED) has emerged as a new generation of display technology. With its excellent performance in color, resolution, life, and energy consumption, Micro‐LED has shined brilliantly in the display market in recent years. This review introduces the methods for realizing Micro‐LED full‐color display through color conversion methods from the perspective of existing technologies, including the preparation of the Micro‐LED chip, the research process from the early passive matrix driving method to the active matrix driving method, and the preparation method of the color conversion layer by inkjet printing, photolithography, and nanoimprinting. The current research achievements and challenges encountered in Micro‐LED are systematically described. It is intended to provide readers and researchers with some inductive research materials and improvement ideas, and further promote the development of Micro‐LED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A layered zinc(II) coordination polymer, Zn(SPh)(im) ( 1), was synthesized under solvothermal conditions. This compound exhibits a sql topology with zinc thiolate chains cross-linked by imidazolate ligands. To further incorporate S2- ions into the synthetic system, the animidazole-ligated P1 cluster, Zn8S(SPh)14(Him)2 ·PhSSPh ( 2), was isolated and structurally characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable lithium‐oxygen (Li‐O2) batteries with high theoretical energy density are regarded as a promising candidate for the booming electric vehicle manufacturing industry, whereas their commercial application is hindered due to poor cyclic stability caused by the sluggish kinetics and inevitable cathode passivation. Herein, a synergistic working mechanism of Li‐O2 battery is initiated by implementing well‐designed hollow carbon shells with hierarchically porous hollow structure (HCS) assisted by dual redox mediators (RMs) simultaneously, so as to systemically address issues of diminished discharge capacity and reaction kinetics. The hierarchically porous structure of HCS constructs more space to accommodate Li2O2, increases the accessibility of active sites, and enhances discharge capacity. More importantly, the dual RMs regulate the growth mechanism of Li2O2 in surface‐mediated mode, resulting in an easily decomposed film‐like Li2O2 with higher electron transport capacity and improving the reaction kinetics. As a result of the synergistic effort, an HCS‐based Li‐O2 battery with dual RMs manifests a total discharge capacity of 24580 mA h g−1 and a prolonged cycle life of 2500 h at the current density of 100 mA g−1. This design philosophy will open up a new way to optimize and upgrade the cathode materials of Li‐O2 batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare the urine Congo‐red dot paper test (CRD) with dipstick urinalysis to screen preeclampsia (PE). A total of 409 paired spot urine samples were obtained prospectively from women with suspected pre‐eclampsia attending for routine hospital visits. Congo‐red dot paper test and dipstick urinalysis were examined and compared to screen pre‐eclampsia. The agreement between the two urinary test is modest (kappa coefficient = 0.28, 95% CI 0.14–0.42). The specificity of CRD was higher than urinalysis (97.4% vs. 90.4%, p <.001). Urinalysis performed better in sensitivity (77.3% vs. 40.9%, p =.04) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) (0.84 [95% CI 0.74–0.94] vs. 0.69 [95% CI 0.55–0.83], p =.04) than CRD, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, AUC of the parallel test of them is 86.4% (64.0%–96.4%), 89.1% (85.5%–92.0%), and 0.88 (95% CI 0.79–0.96). And the serial test is 31.8% (14.7%–54.9%), 98.7% (96.8%–99.5%), 0.65 (95% CI 0.51–0.79), accordingly. The urinalysis is a better diagnosing test for preeclampsia. CRD could aid in the diagnosis of patients with preeclampsia. Combined the two tests in suspected patients may further improve the performance in the diagnosis of preeclampsia. Further study need to be made for its potential clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the new display technology based on quantum dots (QDs), achieving high‐precision red, green, and blue pixel arrays has always been a research focus in the pursuit of high‐quality and vivid image displays. However, problems such as material stability and process environment make it difficult to guarantee the quality of high‐precision patterns. The new optical patterning technology represented by direct photolithography is considered a highly promising method for achieving ultrafine patterns at the submicron level. This process prepares patterned quantum dot‐polymer films through light‐induced chemical changes. This paper reviews the progress of direct photolithography research focused on QD‐polymer materials and presents recent advances in such processes for monochromatic/multicolor light patterning. The article classifies QD‐polymers into three categories by combining QDs with polymers in different ways, including polymer‐coated QDs, polymers as QD ligands, and polymers as photocrosslinkers for QDs. Their synthesis schemes, functional features, and challenges are also presented. In addition, a scheme to remove the photomask during direct lithography using lasers and light field modulation is also proposed. It aims to provide readers and researchers with some generalized research information and improvement ideas. This can further advance the development of direct photolithography for QD‐polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioceramics provide promising tactics for wound healing, yet the on‐shelf products are still unmet, especially for skin appendages regeneration. Herein, the inorganic magnesium silicate sprays (MSS) as mineral factors to overcome the existing challenges is proposed. Results indicate MSS can be synthesized by a green method without organic solvents, templates, calcination, and harmful by‐products. With amorphous phase, nanoscale, and high specific surface area, MSS reveal an improved pH‐responsive degradability and excellent bioactivity for cell proliferation and migration. In rats, MSS display a dose‐dependent effect on accelerating burn‐wound repair via regulating the expressions of iNOS and IL‐10 to attenuate inflammation, elevating the expressions of CD31 and α‐SMA to improve vascularization, and boosting collagen deposition without ectopic calcification. The released Mg and Si ions synergistically potentiate the expressions of Gap43, Tubb3, and K19, suggesting the regeneration of peripheral nerves and hair follicles. These superior features are further verified by comparisons with commercial products, Dermlin® and 45S5 bioglass®, in both rats and minipigs. Motivated by these findings, three MSS‐based formulations of band‐aid patch, adhesive hydrogel, and antibacterial sprays are devised for specific scenarios. Taken together, this proof‐of concept study provides a promising bioactive mineral for future clinical skin wound repair and functional appendages regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To elevate the performance of polymer solar cells (PSC) processed by non‐halogenated solvents, a dissymmetric fused‐ring acceptor BTIC‐2Cl‐γCF3 with chlorine and trifluoromethyl end groups has been designed and synthesized. X‐ray crystallographic data suggests that BTIC‐2Cl‐γCF3 has a 3D network packing structure as a result of H‐ and J‐aggregations between adjacent molecules, which will strengthen its charge transport as an acceptor material. When PBDB‐TF was used as a donor, the toluene‐processed binary device realized a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.31 %, which improved to 17.12 % when PC71ThBM was added as the third component. Its efficiency of over 17 % is currently the highest among polymer solar cells processed by non‐halogenated solvents. Compared to its symmetric counterparts BTIC‐4Cl and BTIC‐CF3‐γ, the dissymmetric BTIC‐2Cl‐γCF3 integrates their merits, and has optimized the molecular aggregations with excellent storage and photo‐stability, and also extending the maximum absorption peak in film to 852 nm. The devices exhibit good transparency indicating a potential utilization in semi‐transparent building integrated photovoltaics (ST‐BIPV). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To elevate the performance of polymer solar cells (PSC) processed by non‐halogenated solvents, a dissymmetric fused‐ring acceptor BTIC‐2Cl‐γCF3 with chlorine and trifluoromethyl end groups has been designed and synthesized. X‐ray crystallographic data suggests that BTIC‐2Cl‐γCF3 has a 3D network packing structure as a result of H‐ and J‐aggregations between adjacent molecules, which will strengthen its charge transport as an acceptor material. When PBDB‐TF was used as a donor, the toluene‐processed binary device realized a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.31 %, which improved to 17.12 % when PC71ThBM was added as the third component. Its efficiency of over 17 % is currently the highest among polymer solar cells processed by non‐halogenated solvents. Compared to its symmetric counterparts BTIC‐4Cl and BTIC‐CF3‐γ, the dissymmetric BTIC‐2Cl‐γCF3 integrates their merits, and has optimized the molecular aggregations with excellent storage and photo‐stability, and also extending the maximum absorption peak in film to 852 nm. The devices exhibit good transparency indicating a potential utilization in semi‐transparent building integrated photovoltaics (ST‐BIPV). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aged myocardium is more susceptible to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Autophagy and apoptosis play important roles in cardiac I/R injury. However, whether resveratrol can reduce the I/R vulnerability of aged myocardium by regulating apoptosis and autophagy remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of resveratrol on the tolerance to I/R injury in aged male mice and to determine the contribution of apoptosis and autophagy. We used aged C57 mice as our research subjects. The hearts of mice were isolated after 6 weeks of intragastric administration with resveratrol and subsequently perfused with Krebs–Henseleit buffer to produce the I/R model. We found that resveratrol alleviated cardiac I/R injury in aged mice, but not in SIRT1+/− mice. Aged mice exhibited decreased LC3 and Beclin1 expressions, which were significantly rescued by resveratrol treatment. In addition, resveratrol decreased the expression of Bax and the activity of Caspase‐3, while increasing the expression of Bcl‐2 and the activity of SIRT1 in aged mouse hearts. Coimmunoprecipitation assays revealed that resveratrol facilitated the binding of Bax to Bcl‐2 and the dissociation of Bcl‐2 from Beclin1 in aged mouse myocardium. Conversely, SIRT1 knockout enhanced the formation of the Beclin1/Bcl‐2 complex and disrupted the interaction between Bcl‐2 and Bax. The above results indicate that resveratrol can reduce the vulnerability of myocardial I/R injury in senile myocardium by inhibiting apoptosis and upregulating autophagy through the SIRT1 signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Impaired bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system (CNS) is closely related to the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Studies in patients with IBS have also shown significant activation of the hypothalamus and amygdala. However, how neural circuits of the CNS participate in and process the emotional and intestinal disorders of IBS remains unclear. Methods: The GABAergic neural pathway projecting from the central amygdala (CeA) to the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) in mice was investigated by retrograde tracking combined with fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Anxiety, depression‐like behavior, and intestinal motility were observed in the water‐immersion restraint stress group and the control group. Furthermore, the effects of the chemogenetic activation of the GABAergic neural pathway of CeA‐LHA on behavior and intestinal motility, as well as the co‐expression of orexin‐A and c‐Fos in the LHA, were explored. Key Results: In our study, Fluoro‐Gold retrograde tracking combined with fluorescence immunohistochemistry showed that GABAergic neurons in the CeA were projected to the LHA. The microinjection of the gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor antagonist into the LHA relieved anxiety, depression‐like behavior, and intestinal motility disorder in the IBS mice. The chemogenetic activation of GABAergic neurons in the CeA‐LHA pathway led to anxiety, depression‐like behavior, and intestinal motility disorder. In addition, GABAergic neurons in the CeA‐LHA pathway inhibited the expression of orexin‐A in the LHA, and orexin‐A was co‐expressed with GABAA receptors. Conclusions & Inferences: The CeA‐LHA GABAergic pathway might participate in the occurrence and development of IBS by regulating orexin‐A neurons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electroreduction of CO2 into valuable chemicals exhibits promising application potentials. Herein, a kind of nano‐porous AuCu foam which possesses amorphous copper (Cu)‐modified gold (Au) interface was designed for highly selective electroreduction CO2 into CO. As‐obtained Au0.95Cu0.05 foam exhibits a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 99.5 % for CO with a current density of 31.3 mA cm−2. Compared with other Au‐based electrocatalysts, Au0.95Cu0.05 foam shows a lower overpotential of 240 mV. The improvements in activity and selectivity of the AuCu foam might be attributed to the synergistic effect between the highly dispersed amorphous Cu and the matrix of Au. Detailed characterization indicates that the twisty nanowire morphology imparts multiple reactive sites on the electrode surface. The study demonstrates that amorphous Cu on the AuCu foam surface can boost CO2 activation by modifying the surface geometry and electronic structure. This finding provides a new strategy of modifying the metal interface to construct electrocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrophage‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling mediated sterile inflammation has been implicated in various age‐related diseases. However, whether and how macrophage mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regulates STING signaling in aged macrophages remains largely unknown. We found that hypoxia‐reoxygenation (HR) induced STING activation in macrophages by triggering the release of macrophage mtDNA into the cytosol. Aging promoted the cytosolic leakage of macrophage mtDNA and enhanced STING activation, which was abrogated upon mtDNA depletion or cyclic GMP‐AMP Synthase (cGAS) inhibition. Aged macrophages exhibited increased mitochondrial injury with impaired mitophagy. Mechanistically, a decline in the PTEN‐induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin‐mediated polyubiquitination of mitochondria was observed in aged macrophages. Pink1 overexpression reversed the inhibition of mitochondrial ubiquitination but failed to promote mitolysosome formation in the aged macrophages. Meanwhile, aging impaired lysosomal biogenesis and function in macrophages by modulating the mTOR/transcription factor EB (TFEB) signaling pathway, which could be reversed by Torin‐1 treatment. Consequently, Pink1 overexpression in combination with Torin‐1 treatment restored mitophagic flux and inhibited mtDNA/cGAS/STING activation in aged macrophages. Moreover, besides HR‐induced metabolic stress, other types of oxidative and hepatotoxic stresses inhibited mitophagy and promoted the cytosolic release of mtDNA to activate STING signaling in aged macrophages. STING deficiency protected aged mice against diverse types of sterile inflammatory liver injuries. Our findings suggest that aging impairs mitophagic flux to facilitate the leakage of macrophage mtDNA into the cytosol and promotes STING activation, and thereby provides a novel potential therapeutic target for sterile inflammatory liver injury in aged patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]