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Structured Abstract Authors –  Becker A, Casap N, Chaushu S Objectives –  To provide evidence against the notion that direct contact between the crown of an impacted tooth and alveolar bone is an impediment to orthodontically assisted eruption of teeth. Setting and Sample Population –  The Department of Orthodontics at the Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, in Jerusalem, Israel, and the private practices of the authors. Materials and Methods –  Patients reported were those affected by impacted teeth, including individuals who were normal healthy patients, with and without resorption of the adjacent incisor roots, as well as individuals suffering from Cleidocranial dysplasia and increased bone density, and individuals with autogenous and synthetic bone grafts. A closed eruption surgical technique was used in which only a small window was opened into the dental follicle of the impacted tooth, leaving a maximum amount of bone covering much of the crown surface. Orthodontic extrusion forces were then applied. Results –  For all teeth, enamel-to-bone contact did not prevent a rapid response to the extrusive forces. Conclusion –  Radical removal of bone during the exposure of an impacted tooth is unnecessary and potentially may be harmful in terms of the periodontal prognosis of an otherwise successfully treated outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Current methods for determining salivary antibodies are cumbersome for large-scale screenings. OBJECTIVES: To test checkerboard immunodetection for monitoring salivary antibodies and to profile them in diabetic individuals with periodontitis. METHODS: Salivary anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis, anti-Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and total IgA levels of 10 individuals were compared using checkerboard immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Close correlation between both methods was found in anti-P. gingivalis IgA and total IgA, but not in anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans IgA, because of high background levels in ELISA. Thereafter, checkerboard immunodetection was used to compare salivary antibodies of 20 adult type II diabetic with 32 non-diabetic individuals with (n=22) or without (n=10) periodontitis. Patients with periodontitis (regardless of their diabetic condition) expressed increased levels of total IgA in both whole and parotid saliva, but reduced levels of anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans IgA in whole saliva. Consequently, the proportion of anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans IgA in the total IgA was lower in saliva of patients with periodontitis compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: Checkerboard immunodetection was reliable and economical for screening saliva samples for multiple antibody reactions. Our results support previous reports which suggested that patients with periodontitis are able to secrete high levels of salivary Ig, but are hampered in targeting their salivary response toward A. actinomycetemcomitans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the possible correlation between recurrent respiratory infections (RRIs), gingival health and the secretion rates of salivary immunoglobulins (Igs) in institutionalized (I) and non-institutionalized (NI) individuals with Down's syndrome (DS). Methods Stimulated parotid saliva was collected from nine I and 14 NI subjects with DS. Salivary flow rate, secretion rates of total salivary IgM, IgG and IgA, and the incidence of RRIs were determined. Gingival health was recorded by using the plaque index, the gingival index and the percentage of bleeding surfaces (BS). Results The mean salivary flow rate and parotid Ig secretion rates in the I group were 25% of those of the NI group. The prevalence of RRIs in the I group was more than twice that in the NI group. Oral hygiene and gingival health were significantly better in the NI group. Conclusions The lower parotid Ig secretion rates in I individuals with DS might be a possible factor involved in their susceptibility to recurrent infections compared to NI subjects with DS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the correlation between recurrent respiratory infections and the levels of salivary Ig in a group of young Down's syndrome (DS) individuals. Twenty-three DS and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were included. DS individuals who had experienced three or more upper respiratory tract infections (n = 10) in the previous 12 months were compared to DS individuals who had not experienced recurrent respiratory infections (n = 13) and to healthy controls (n = 10). A statistically significant reduction in the Ig salivary secretion rate was recorded in the subgroup with recurrent respiratory infections. No significant differences were seen between the subgroup without recurrent respiratory infections and controls. It is suggested that the secretory immune system provides local immune protection against pathogens in the respiratory tract. Detection of salivary Ig levels may serve as a predictor of the susceptibility of DS individuals to recurrent respiratory tract infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]