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Background/scope: The Clinical Nurse Specialist in Nutrition is a professional capable of providing specialist clinical assistance and leadership‐related clinical nutrition. To date, although their role has already been identified, there is still uncertainty about how this figure can actually fit into the various global health systems. The purpose of this review is to clarify and define the role of this professional aimed at analysing clinical experiences and data from nutrition scientific societies. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted using the Prisma Statement in the Cochrane Library databases and subsequently in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science. In addition, a manual search of studies published in Google Scholar was conducted for the analysis of 'grey literature'. Out of 3,320 identified records, 20 studies were included in the present review. [Correction added on 06 June 2024, after first online publication: The preceding sentence has been corrected from "Out of 2,348 identified records, 21 studies were included in the present review." to "Out of 3,320 identified records, 20 studies were included in the present review" in this version.] Results: The development of specific training, certification and qualification protection courses is contributing to the development of this professional in various hospital and community clinical contexts. The clinical experiences identified have shown that this figure is able to provide specialist assistance by offering high levels of safety, efficacy and quality of the care provided. Conclusions/ implications for nursing: The implementation of nurse nutrition specialist, to date, is still limited at the global level, and training programmes coordinated between scientific societies and nursing universities could be the basis for the development of this specialization in countries where today this figure is not yet present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When respondents complete long surveys, evidence suggests that they may change their response behavior as they become fatigued. The present study examines question order effects in a block‐randomized job analysis survey that collected task ratings (importance, frequency, and needed at certification) for a certification program. Analyses showed that average task ratings were lower for tasks presented later in the survey for both complete and partial responses, though the effect of question ordering was stronger for non‐completers in two rating categories (importance and needed at certification). Additionally, rater variance was lower for questions that appeared later in the survey. The results highlight the value of using randomization to mitigate order effects on survey response quality. Practitioner points: Survey respondents alter their response behavior in lengthy surveys, but little work has examined this phenomenon in job analysis surveys.Ratings decreased for questions that appeared later in the survey, especially for participants who did not ultimately complete the survey.Rater variance also decreased as questions appeared later in the survey.Survey administrators should randomize question order and keep surveys as short as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) certification on export stability. Using a new and unique dataset on AEO certification, combined with the Chinese Customs Enterprise Database and Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database from 2002 to 2013, we find that AEO certification has a positive impact on export stability by employing a staggered difference‐in‐differences empirical strategy. It reduces the likelihood of export failure, enabling certified firms to achieve higher efficiency and maintain competitive advantages in trade risks. The negative effect of AEO certification on export failure is prominent in firms exporting products with higher prices, more physical inspection, and higher requirements of customs clearance time. Along with AEO adoption, certified firms perform better in export stability than non‐certified ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was to translate the Pieper–Zulkowski pressure ulcer knowledge test (PZ‐PUKT) into Traditional Chinese and evaluate its psychometric properties as well as identify the predictors of knowledge on pressure injury. The PZ‐PUKT was translated into Traditional Chinese (TC‐PZ‐PUKT), and its content validity was evaluated. A total of 296 nurses participated in this study and completed the 72‐item TC‐PZ‐PUKT online. The reliability of the TC‐PZ‐PUKT was analysed by evaluating its internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Hierarchical regression was used to determine factors associated with TC‐PZ‐PUKT scores. Content validity was achieved with a score of 0.986. Internal consistency was observed to be reliable, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.858. The mean knowledge score on the TC‐PZ‐PUKT was 72.5%, with a 1‐week test–retest reliability of r = 0.849. Education level, certification as a wound specialist and self‐learning through reading articles, books or guidelines on pressure injury were significantly associated with TC‐PZ‐PUKT scores. The TC‐PZ‐PUKT is a valid and reliable tool. Education level, certification as a wound specialist and self‐learning regarding pressure injury are related to knowledge of pressure injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strategic effects of military alliances notwithstanding, to assume that their policy will proceed without difficulties is problematic. The ROK‐US alliance began transferring the wartime operational control (OPCON) to the ROK in early 2003. However, the transfer did not proceed as planned, experiencing two delays in June 2010 and October 2014 with a significant format change to the Condition‐based OPCON Transition Plan (COT‐P), meaning the addition of prerequisites for the transfer and the death of the original parallel command structure. What have been the causes of these phenomena and resulting stagnation? This article argues that the allies' strategic consensus over the transfer and the policy coordination in the initiating ally are the main causes of the lethargy. Additionally, this study finds that the impact of the strategic consensus is greater than that of the ROK's policy coordination, as the former is demonstrated in all three indicators of the progress: timeliness, post‐transfer command structure, and the certification assessment through exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Practices of stakeholder engagement vary widely across voluntary sustainability standard setters. This study examines how the sponsorship structure of standard setters affects the diversity of stakeholders included in consultations and the influence of stakeholder input on standards. I compare six sustainability standard setters through an original dataset of 7945 stakeholder comments submitted during public comment periods between 2012 and 2019 to answer two research questions. First, are some standard setters better at balancing stakeholder representation than others? And second, does stakeholder influence vary across standard setters? I find that industry‐sponsored standards tend to attract more industry input than multistakeholder initiatives, but both tend to over‐represent legacy stakeholders. I also find that sponsorship is a poor predictor of which comments will be influential. Comments that seek to weaken or clarify the rules in voluntary sustainability standards are more likely to exert influence irrespective of the sponsorship of the standard setter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Questions/Issues: Using insights from agency and signaling theories, we examine the effect on companies' market‐based performance of a unique monitoring mechanism of compliance with a corporate governance (CG) code, that is, independent certification of compliance with a CG code and type of certification provider. Furthermore, we examine the impact of two boundary conditions, family company status and company‐level information asymmetry, influencing the effect of independent CG compliance certification and type of certification provider on the market‐based performance of companies. Research Findings/Insights: Based on 1110 Bangladeshi company‐year observations from 2006 to 2017, we firstly find that independent CG compliance certification is positively associated with companies' market‐based performance. Secondly, we show that CG compliance certification by a chartered secretarial firm is related to higher market‐based performance. Thirdly, we document that family companies attenuate both these associations. Finally, we find that, while company‐level information asymmetry reinforces the association between CG compliance certification and market‐based performance, it weakens the relationship between certification by a chartered secretarial firm and companies' market‐based performance. Theoretical/Academic Implications: Our findings are consistent with the agency and signaling theory that independent certification of CG compliance and this certification by a chartered secretarial firm reduce information asymmetry between managers and external investors by signaling enhanced credibility of reported CG compliance information. However, the roles of CG compliance certification and certification by a chartered secretarial firm to reduce agency conflict and provide credible signals are conditional on two boundary conditions: family company status and company‐level information asymmetry. Practitioner/Policy Implications: This study's findings highlight the economic implications of a unique mechanism for monitoring compliance with an adopted CG code. The findings have significant implications for policy makers and regulators in emerging economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document is a report of the February 2024 ESA Council Meeting, held on Zoom. The meeting began with introductions and a welcome from Emilie Graves and Catherine O'Riordan. President Shahid Naeem discussed the new Council format and strategic planning efforts. President-elect Stephanie Hampton presented a draft of a new strategic plan, which was discussed in breakout rooms focusing on equity and inclusion, community building, and operational excellence. Updates were given on ESA publications and funding opportunities. The creation of new ESA sections for Climate Adaptation and Coastal & Marine Ecology was approved. Recommendations for standardizing governance and activities were presented, and the meeting concluded with information on the next Speaker-Elect and closing remarks. [Extracted from the article]

To minimise the negative ecological effects of soybean production, multi‐stakeholders along the global soybean supply chain collaborated to develop, implement and verify a global certification standard called the Round Table on Responsible Soy (RTRS). RTRS certification is almost a quasi‐mandatory sustainability standard; however, its potential trade effects remain poorly understood. Using a structural gravity model that exploits country variations in RTRS‐certified production volumes and certified land areas, we assess the effect of RTRS certification on soybean trade flows. We show that RTRS certification reduces trade flows, especially exports to non‐OECD countries. In essence, developing countries experience lower imports in response to standards than do developed countries. Thus, reconciling international trade with environmental sustainability goals remains a challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the distribution of nurse practitioners (NPs) across Japan and their perceived facilitators and barriers to NP implementation in Japan. Background: NP certification examinations have been conducted in Japan since 2011, and by 2020, there were 487 NPs in the country. The momentum of NP implementation is slower in Japan compared with other countries. Methods: A cross‐sectional descriptive study, following the STROBE guidelines, was conducted. Web‐based survey questionnaires, developed by the authors, were administered to 248 NPs whose email addresses were maintained by the certification management body. Results: Valid responses were obtained from 101 NPs (response rate: 40.7%), of which 34% were male. The respondents had more than 12 years of registered nurse experience on an average before enrolling in the graduate NP program. 53% were employed as NPs from the beginning, while 25% were initially employed as registered nurses and later advanced to NPs, and 11% still worked as RNs. A majority worked in hospitals with beds. Many NPs perceived the lack of NP national licensure and reimbursement benefits as barriers to NP implementation, whereas recognition from superiors and organizations was considered facilitators. Conclusions: Despite their small numbers in Japan, NPs take on crucial tasks and contribute to the appropriate distribution of medical resources. The NP licensure system and recognition from superiors and organizations may be necessary to promote NP roles in Japan. Implications for nursing and health policy: Some certified NPs still work as registered nurses. Recognition from nursing and organization administrators is critical to implementing NPs. To this end, a reimbursement system benefiting the organizations and a legislation facilitating NP employment are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study was to understand the experiences of nurses who were newly appointed to a position of leadership including facilitators and barriers to success and what they considered important for the development of their role. Methods: We used a qualitative descriptive research design. The study was conducted in Norway with 10 nurses who had been appointed to a leadership position within the last 2 years. Participants were interviewed with individual qualitative interviews which were transcribed and subsequently analysed using thematic analysis. Results: The following four main themes were identified from the data: I feel lonely in the leadership position, I am not confident as a leader, I am unsure of the requirements and expectations of me, and I need support and supervision. Conclusion: The results underscore the challenges reported by new leaders in nursing and their advocacy for mentorship as a facilitator for success. The qualifications of mentors were emphasised with a need for a comprehensive leadership skill set to address the multifaceted aspects of leadership development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores a two‐population evolutionary game that models the role of manufacturer regulation as a motivation to auto parts quality certification. In particular, we assume that auto parts suppliers can choose whether or not to obtain the certification, ensuring a relatively high quality of the products, and manufactures can choose whether or not to engage in regulation for certification facilitation, influencing the suppliers' incentive to avoid punishment of uncertificated products. We study the Nash equilibria of this game and conduct static and dynamic evolutionary analyses. The research shows that reducing the auto parts suppliers' certification cost, increasing the penalty cost of the supplier who provides the auto parts that are not certified, and distributing the risk‐loss proportion of manufacturer and supplier properly can encourage auto parts suppliers to obtain the quality certification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using hand‐collected data from China's split share structure reform (SSSR) program, we show that foreign institutional investors' certification mitigates domestic minority shareholders' mistrust of controlling shareholders' reform plans and facilitates the implementation of the SSSR. Domestic minority shareholders cast fewer dissenting votes, complete the SSSR more quickly but with lower compensation, and achieve higher stock return reactions in reforming firms with higher foreign institutional ownership. Foreign institutional investors' prestige is a key factor in aligning domestic minority shareholders toward seeking long‐term payoffs. Our work reveals the positive role of foreign institutional investors' certification in a salient reform of corporate governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the World Bank panel enterprise data for Kenya for the period 2007–2013–2018, we examined the role of ISO certification and export intensity in explaining the total factor productivity (TFP) of Kenyan manufacturing firms. Contrary to previous studies that largely focus on export propensity, this paper distinguished between the effects of direct and indirect export intensity. To address the endogeneity problem, we instrumented both direct and indirect export intensity variables with imported input supplies dummy. Further, we controlled for heterogeneity in our models by incorporating the year and industry fixed effects as well as the unobserved time‐varying firm characteristics. We found opposite effects of exporting on TFP. While direct export intensity significantly increased TFP, indirect export intensity significantly curtailed TFP. This suggested that direct exporters vis‐à‐vis indirect exporters were more likely to efficiently exploit the productive capacity of foreign technology and knowledge spillover effects that accrue from learning‐by‐exporting. Second, ISO certification significantly increased TFP for indirect exporting firms only denoting a stronger compensating effect for these intermediary‐dependent exporting enterprises. It also affirmed the need by manufacturing firms to attain Internationally Recognized Quality Certification standards. This will increase the competitiveness of their products, hence boosting their chances of breaking into the international markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing integration of technology in the workplace (World Economic Forum), and with it, organizations are increasingly relying on advanced technological approaches for improving their human capital processes to stay relevant and competitive in complex environments. All professions must keep up with this transition and begin integrating technology into their tools and processes. This paper centers on how advanced technological approaches (such as natural language processing (NLP) and data mining) have complemented a traditional practice analysis of the accounting profession. We also discuss strategic selection and use of subject‐matter experts (SMEs) for more efficient practice analysis. The authors have adopted a triangulation process—gathering information from traditional practice analysis, using selected SMEs, and confirming findings with a novel NLP‐based approach. These methods collectively contributed to the revision of the Uniform CPA Exam blueprint and in understanding accounting trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation: Initiatives to promote sustainable practices in agriculture in China have been little documented in the literature. Preliminary investigations suggested that the way agricultural certification schemes worked in China differed considerably from such schemes in Europe and the United States. Purpose: We investigated how sustainability certification schemes (SCSs) were perceived by farmers, processors, government staff, and other stakeholders in Chinese agriculture. We examine three types of certification: sustainability standards for agricultural exports; organic labelling for the domestic market; and certification of ecological practices. Methods and approach: We interviewed 16 stakeholders in 2013– 2014 about their experiences and perceptions of certification. The interviews were transcribed and coded to derive themes and interpretations. Findings: Certification was rigorous for agricultural exports because importers, mainly in high-income countries, demanded high standards—and were prepared to pay a premium for those standards. It was in the best interests of Chinese exporters to certify their produce. Some farming companies had specific farms that were run to make sure the standards were upheld, whereas their farms producing for the domestic market operated differently. Organic certification of produce was less systematic, with proliferation of labels used to try to convince domestic consumers that the food so labelled was safe. No single standard was used. Farmers were concerned that organic production was costly but that they would not get a price to reflect those costs. Most actors expected the state to set standards and police them. A public scheme intended as payment for environmental services also certified land managers; but the scheme as applied operated to pay farmers on low incomes often in marginal lands an income supplement— payments were not necessarily linked to environmental objectives. Policy implications: In China, the perception of stakeholders was that the central government should establish and monitor standards. Certification was not seen as something that private enterprise could or even should establish. This appreciation translated into dependence on central government to co-ordinate and regulate all collective action for pursuing social and environmental sustainability, leaving little space for market-led initiatives to flourish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unsustainable wildlife trade is a major contributor to biodiversity loss; however, trade regulations have failed to prevent the decline of high‐profile species. Where wildlife is traded legally, opportunities exist to launder protected species through legal channels. The legal commercialization of olive ridley sea turtle eggs from Ostional, Costa Rica, has been criticized with some suggesting that the legal trade stimulates illegal extraction and sale of eggs. We aimed to identify whether the traceability rules, under which the Ostional project operates, were suitably robust. We surveyed markets across Costa Rica, by purchasing openly available sea turtle eggs and recording qualitative and quantitative data at the point of sale. We found that 378 (80%) of turtle eggs openly sold in the market were from olive ridley sea turtles. Green (n = 5) and leatherback (n = 6) turtle eggs were only on offer on three occasions, but no vendor referred to Ostional. Vendors frequently breached trade regulations, which appeared to be due to these regulations misaligning with consumer demand. Although the Ostional traceability rules are regularly flouted, we found no evidence that Ostional is being used as a cover to sell eggs from other turtle species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies certification design and its implications for information disclosure. Our model features a profit‐maximizing certifier and the seller of a good of unknown quality. We allow for common values as the seller's opportunity cost may depend on the quality of the good. We compare certifier‐optimal with transparency‐maximizing certification design. Certifier‐optimal certification design implements the evidence structure of Dye (1985)—a fraction of sellers acquire information while the remaining sellers are uninformed—and results in partial disclosure to the market. A transparency‐maximizing regulator prefers a less precise signal, which conveys more information to the market through a higher rate of certification and unraveling (Grossman (1981), Milgrom (1981)) at the disclosure stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Only 62.6% of fellowship‐trained and American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM)‐certified geriatricians maintain their specialty certification in geriatric medicine, the lowest rate among all internal medicine subspecialties and the only subspecialty in which physicians maintain their internal medicine certification at higher rates than their specialty certification. This study aims to better understand underlying issues related to the low rate of maintaining geriatric medicine certification in order to inform geriatric workforce development strategies. Methods: Eighteen‐item online survey of internists who completed a geriatric medicine fellowship, earned initial ABIM certification in geriatric medicine between 1999 and 2009, and maintained certification in internal medicine (and/or another specialty but not geriatric medicine). Survey domains: demographics, issues related to maintaining geriatric medicine certification, professional identity, and current professional duties. Results: 153/723 eligible completed surveys (21.5% response). Top reasons for not maintaining geriatric medicine certification were time (56%), cost of maintenance of certification (MOC) (45%), low Medicare reimbursement for geriatricians' work (32%), and no employer requirement to maintain geriatric medicine certification (31%). Though not maintaining geriatric medicine certification, 68% reported engaging in professional activities related to geriatric medicine. Reflecting on career decisions, 56% would again complete geriatric medicine fellowship, 21% would not, and 23% were unsure. 54% considered recertifying in geriatric medicine. 49% reported flexible MOC assessment options would increase likelihood of maintaining certification. Conclusions: The value proposition of geriatric medicine certification needs strengthening. Geriatric medicine leaders must develop strategies and tactics to reduce attrition of geriatricians by enhancing the value of geriatric medicine expertise to key stakeholders. See related articles by Ouslander et al., Colenda and Applegate, and Chad Boult in this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document is a summary of the minutes from the ESA Governing Board Fall 2023 Meeting. It provides an overview of the discussions and updates from the meeting, including reports from various committees and board members, strategic planning, and financial matters. The President emphasized the importance of greater engagement and representation in the field of ecology. The financial update highlighted a surplus from the annual meeting and the need to address a shortfall in publication revenue. The board also discussed potential alternative revenue streams, amendments to the corporate sponsorship policy, and maintaining fiscal year dates. Other topics included updates on the journals program, section and chapter governance, open science initiatives, and professional development programs. The meeting concluded with plans for future meetings and the approval of a motion to adjourn. [Extracted from the article]

Occupational regulation is a labor market institution that has received a growing amount of attention. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding the relationship between occupational credentials and unemployment duration in the United States. Thus, we propose a random search model to explain differences in unemployment duration resulting from heterogeneous effects from licenses and certification. Our model predicts that an occupational credential with a stronger signaling/human capital effect results in a shorter individual unemployment duration. To estimate the relationship between occupational credentials and spells of unemployment, we perform a survival analysis using panel data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) for the years 2013–2019. We find that both licensing and certification are associated with reductions in unemployment spells for Black males that are similar in magnitude. Our results provide some suggestive guidance to policymakers since certification is less costly and not mandatory like occupational licensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document is an open letter to graduate students in the field of wildlife management. The author, a professor with decades of experience, addresses recurring patterns among graduate students that can impact their professional success. The letter emphasizes the importance of personal qualifications, such as enthusiasm for wildlife and its conservation, as well as the willingness to use intellectual tools from various fields. The author encourages students to go beyond their assigned research, help others, develop professional relationships, and continuously learn and improve their skills. The letter concludes with a reminder of the importance of the students' work in maintaining and managing wildlife and wildlife habitats. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the relevance of professional certification in the field of fisheries and proposes the idea of microcertification as a way to address changing skill requirements. It suggests that academic institutions and the private sector have started offering certifications and microcertifications to bridge the knowledge and skill gap for professionals who earned their degrees a decade or more ago. The article envisions the American Fisheries Society (AFS) leveraging its existing Continuing Education Program to offer microcertifications, which could benefit AFS financially, enhance member services, and increase the value of its Professional Certification Program. The use of technology and digital badges is also proposed to improve the delivery and recognition of microcertificates. Overall, the article emphasizes the need for a diverse skill set in the fisheries profession and suggests that a portfolio of microcertificates can make certification more equitable and inclusive. [Extracted from the article]

With growing concerns about global overfishing, market‐based eco‐certification programs like the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) can incentivise adoption of sustainable practices. Several studies investigated drivers of improvement in market‐driven Fisheries Improvement Projects, but failed to use detailed, standardised measures of progress, or considered small samples. We considered the relative influence market, governance and fishery‐specific drivers have on MSC certification speed and success in 208 fisheries. To evaluate improvement we compared pre‐certification scores from MSC pre‐assessments—rapid high‐level audits against the MSC Standard—to scores from full MSC audits. Drivers considered included measures of pre‐assessment quality, as this initial advice might contribute to later certification success. National fishery management capacity, percentage of MSC catch and landed value were the strongest drivers of successful and rapid certification. Environmental improvements occurred for stock management, ecosystem health and governance aspects. While only 48% of fisheries with favourable pre‐assessment outcomes went on to be certified, improvements in many fisheries with lower pre‐assessment scores were observed in their lead‐up to full assessment. Random forest analyses allowed for considering multiple interacting variables simultaneously and revealed influential drivers under specific fishery contexts. For example, higher certification probability was associated with greater percentage of MSC catch under the full dataset, but not under subsets representing fisheries facing more challenging contexts for certification. Fisheries from lower/middle‐income countries had lower overall probability of certification, but this increased with higher management capacity. This suggests multiple drivers interact in instigating fisheries improvements, and MSC pre‐assessments provide valuable resources to understand this journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the impact of the introduction of universal transvaginal cervical screening and certification on the quality of cervical length ultrasound images. Methods: The present study included a retrospective cohort of singleton pregnancies that underwent transvaginal cervical length measurement at the anatomical scan (180/7 and 236/7 weeks) before (period A, 2015–2017) and after (period B, 2017–2019) the introduction of universal transvaginal cervical length screening. Independent observers blindly evaluated the images obtained for cervical length using a qualitative scoring method based on five criteria, according to the Fetal Medicine Foundation. Results: In all, 6013 patients met the inclusion criteria, 3333 in period A and 2680 in period B. Maternal characteristics and risk factors for preterm birth were similar between the two periods. The acceptance of transvaginal cervical length measurement in period B was 95.5% in the overall cohort and 100% in the subgroup of high‐risk patients. The quality score was significantly higher in period B than in period A. Among the image quality criteria, the anterior/posterior ratio, the correct magnification of the images, and the calipers' placement contributed significantly to the improved quality score in period B. Most of the sonographers performed better in period B, irrespective of the years of experience, but certificate holders obtained higher scores than non‐certified sonographers, particularly those in mid‐career. The identification of short cervix was significantly higher in period B than in period A. Conclusion: The implementation of universal transvaginal cervical length screening and the certification process are associated with improved quality of cervical length images, even among expert sonographers and in the presence of anatomical pitfalls. Synopsis: The impact of the introduction of universal transvaginal cervical screening and certification on the quality of cervical length ultrasound images in both low‐ and high‐risk populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pilots use their senses and training to generate situational awareness (SA). They then use this SA to make sound aeronautical decisions. Autonomous vehicles, by contrast, cannot rely on pilot expertise in off‐nominal situations. They must rely on their onboard sensors to build SA of the environment. As these sensors degrade, it is hypothesized that a point exists where the SA generated by these sensors is inadequate to allow the autonomous vehicle to make sound aeronautical decisions. In previous work, a point was defined based on broad assumptions within a modeling and simulation environment (i.e., the error within each sensor was known and not random). This research used a larger data set that contained random errors within the sensors. The data was then used to build predictive equations through a Monte Carlo simulation in the same simulation environment as previous work. While the data showed there was a statistically significant relationship between the error values in each sensor and the fused distance value, the resulting predictive equations were not able to provide adequate SA to make sound aeronautical decisions. This research highlights multiple issues the test and evaluation community will face when trying to develop new techniques for the verification and validation of autonomous systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Aims: Self‐assessment examinations (SAEs) help trainees assess their progress in education. SAEs also provide feedback to training programs as to how factors in training influence examination performance. This study's goal was to examine the relationship between the number of months of training in electrodiagnostic (EDx) medicine, the number of EDx studies during training, and scores on the American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine SAE. Methods: This was a retrospective study of the 2023 AANEM‐SAE results. In addition to the examination score, participants were asked approximately how many EDx studies they performed in training and how many months of training they had completed. Analysis included correlation of the examination scores with months of training as well as number of EDx studies. In addition, a multivariate linear regression model was developed. Results: A total of 756 participants completed the proctored examination in May 2023. Examination score was moderately and positively correlated with the number of months of training (Pearson r =.5; p <.001) as well as the number of EDx studies during training (Pearson r =.55; p <.001). Scores steadily improved with additional months of training, but leveled off after 300–400 EDx studies. Regression analysis indicated that higher numbers of EDx studies were correlated with a higher examination score even after accounting for the number of months of study. Discussion: We believe that a greater number of months of training is associated with better performance on the AANEM‐SAE and that greatest improvement in examination performance occurs during the first 300–400 EDx studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recycled product certification (RPC) schemes may prove useful to ensure the desired quality and gain buyer confidence in purchasing products with recycled content (PwRC). RPCs are relatively new to the sector and have not been widely adopted. Hence, this study aims to investigate the implementation of RPC in construction projects using a multiple‐case study approach. The analysis reveals that a large proportion of respondents were unaware of these schemes. The study finds that while a majority favoured RPC application, there were significant variations in responses among stakeholder groups. Moreover, the study identifies six advantages and seven significant barriers associated with the use of RPC in the sector. This study recommends leveraging education and supportive regulation for the effective implementation of RPC. In particular, the policymakers who intend to embed RPC in procurement policies for purchasing PwRC can learn about the identified loopholes and strategies and address them accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition toward a more sustainable agricultural production has become an essential step in achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs), launched by the United Nations in 2015. Voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) have been proposed as a useful governance tool for guiding this transition. Thus, this article uses a case study from the coffee sector in Costa Rica to assess the contribution of VSSs to the achievement of the SDGs. We rely on panel data from coffee producers captured between 2017 and 2019 to carry out this assessment. Results of the statistical analysis suggest that VSSs alone are not enough to promote a transition to a more sustainable coffee production, as trade‐offs between the contributions of VSSs to the different SDGs emerge. If the VSSs are to promote sustainable practices among producers while ensuring socioeconomic benefits for producers, workers, and their families, implementation modifications are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Issues relating to certification of the Psycho‐oncology profession require clarification in order to provide high quality comprehensive psychosocial care within oncology. We conducted a survey identifying existing training, professional registration requirements and accreditation programs, at national levels, for the specialty of psycho‐oncology as well as the mandatory presence of this specialist in cancer teams. Methods: This survey was conducted within the International Psycho‐Oncology Society Federation of psycho‐oncology societies and included representatives of each national federated society and some countries not belonging to the Federation. Survey questions were emailed requesting specific details, from the registered contact person, for each country, about psycho‐oncology training, professional registration and accreditation. Results: Of 43 countries contacted (34 Federated and 9 non‐federated members), 39 replied and answered the questionnaire (90, 7%). Disparities were reported between countries, with details indicating differences from having no national program, to quite detailed and legally accredited requirements. The majority of countries had no formally recognized profession of "Psycho‐oncologist," while some countries reported that it is mandatory (or recommended to have) a specialist in psycho‐oncology in cancer centers and, thus, that an accredited, nationally recognized and certified training in this specialty exists. Conclusions: The study underlines the need to create a curriculum for the specialty (certification and accreditation) for the profession of psycho‐oncology. Given the lack of internationally recognized core standards, ideas and proposals for minimum standards of good care and the training required to deliver this, are explored to clarify who may use the designation "Clinical Psycho‐oncologist." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to concerns regarding numerous complex issues facing the veterinary specialty profession, several organizations, including the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, have made a clarion call to the American Veterinary Medical Association to begin discussions surrounding the formation of an accrediting body for internships, residencies, and fellowships. A proposed name for such a body is the Accreditation Council on Graduate Veterinary Medical Education, in alignment with the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education (ACGME); the term "graduate" refers to specialty education that occurs after the first 4 years of the MD or DVM degree. Although the structure and financing of graduate education differ between the human medical and veterinary professions, we can nevertheless learn much from the history of evolution of human medical specialization as we navigate the path ahead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Today, the use of cellular therapies as an effective treatment in the field of health is increasing. In the COVID‐19 pandemic or similar situations, cellular therapies may be sometimes life‐saving. The COVID‐19 pandemic has shown us that the training of intensive care nurses in special cases, such as cellular therapies, is insufficient. Aim: The study aimed to determine the duties, responsibilities and training of intensive care nurses on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation to critically ill patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Study Design: This descriptive and retrospective study was conducted on 107 critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 infection and followed up in the intensive care unit (ICU) between April 2020 and April 2022. Each patient was transplanted MSCs by intravenous infusion three times. Before starting cellular therapy applications, intensive care nurses were selected to work on this treatment modality. Each nurse was given theoretical and practical training by experienced instructors. Results: Intensive care nurses trained for MSCs transplants took part in the pre‐application, preparation, application and post‐application period. MSCs were checked by the ICU nurses in the pre‐application period. Patients' vital signs, existing catheters, consciousness status and parameters were checked by nurses in the preparation and application period. No side effects and complications were observed in patients during MSCs transplantation and within the first 24 h. Patients' late complications and mortality were recorded by nurses during the post‐application periods. Conclusions: We recommend that nurses working especially in Level 3 ICUs receive training and certification in cellular therapies, especially in hospitals where advanced/cellular treatments are applied. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Intensive care nurses are actively involved in every phase of the application of MSCs. Especially before such special practices, which came to the fore with the COVID‐19 pandemic, training should be organized for intensive care nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lead project TransHyDE with a duration from April 2021 to March 2025 evaluates and tests hydrogen transport solutions in eleven demonstration projects. The practical testing is complemented by accompanying scientific research, which includes the TransHyDE standard sub‐project. To enable the implementation of the transport options dealt with in TransHyDE, uniform specifications in the form of norms, standards and certification programmes are needed. The aim of the project is therefore to holistically investigate the standardisation, certification and standardisation of transport, distribution and storage options for hydrogen and other chemical energy carriers. In this way, regulatory gaps are to be identified and solutions developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The minutes from the ESA Governing Board Summer 2023 Meeting provide an overview of the discussions and updates that took place during the meeting. The President highlighted recent changes in governance structure and the launch of a new journal called Earth Stewardship. The Executive Director and staff provided updates on diversity, equity, inclusion, and fundraising efforts. The board discussed various topics including audit committee appointments, membership types, strategic planning, and procedures for the Board of Professional Certification election slate. They also discussed journals, federal agency public access plans, the National Nature Assessment, and the annual meeting. The meeting concluded with a panel discussion with Editors-in-Chief about journals strategy and identified action items for future consideration. The board also discussed budget-related issues and fundraising activities, with a current goal of reaching $200K by next summer. [Extracted from the article]

Clear and positive process safety leadership is at the core of managing high‐hazard businesses, and it is vital to ensure that risks are effectively managed. Cargill has designed a learning experience program for senior operations leadership in Latin America to provide leaders with an appropriate level of process safety knowledge that will support them taking better decisions, thereby reducing the likelihood of a process safety event at their manufacturing sites. The purpose of the program is to provide structural and focused learning of essential risk management practices and to allow the leaders time to discuss and learn about the risks and hazards on their sites. The program was designed to include kick‐off sessions, several learning experiences, and a final certification step. This program was deployed in Latin America in 2021 and, within 1 year, has certified 39 senior leaders for high‐hazard facilities. Several more certifications are expected to occur in the following months when all senior leaders would have gone through this learning program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technologies such as Artificial Intelligence encompassing Machine Learning, Deep Learning techniques have proved to be a game changer in multiple sectors. The use of these technologies in Aviation will prove to ensure higher rigor in predictive maintainability, air traffic management, safety assurance and airworthiness. Current traditional regulatory and industry standards have proved to be efficient and effective in providing highest level of safety. However, Certification of Avionics systems is becoming challenging because of increasing complexity of avionics systems. Current regulations and standards are very prescriptive and inadequate to support new technological trends. Civil Aviation Authorities (CAAs) are working on establishing the regulatory guidance around these technologies. This paper addresses the new strategy of employing Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) "Overarching Properties" ‐ a framework for demonstrating that a product has the qualities required to perform effectively and safely with the purpose of simplifying the certification process. This paper also covers the possible scenarios for establishing the safety net concept to enhance the determinism and airworthiness of AI based systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with disabilities may face various barriers to employment. I aimed to explore the career counseling experiences of a sample of people with physical disabilities. The participants were 95 individuals with a disability aged 19–48 years. One emerging theme, barriers and aids, was related to family, teachers, and school counselors. Participants' choices seemed to be affected by the negative attitudes of their peers with a disability. A second theme, career counseling as well as its availability, content, and quality, comprises subthemes such as collaboration between stakeholders in processes related to people with disabilities, qualifications of career counselors, and content of the services provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality assurance is integral to benchmarking and continuous improvement in the clinical care of people affected by cancer. Quality assurance systems are built upon agreed clinical and administrative standards. The Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology Society of Europe (CIRSE) first developed a set of Standards for Interventional Oncology Services modelled on the Standards of Practice in Radiation Oncology developed in Australia and New Zealand. A subset of these Standards has been used to develop a tiered International Accreditation System in Interventional Oncology (IASIOS). This system covers the entirety of the patient care pathway from referral through to discharge and is clearly aimed at setting the benchmark for safe, quality interventional oncology (IO) services. Such a system has multiple benefits, including increasing the awareness of the availability of IO services and assurance in the quality of the care delivered to patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drones are a technology being implemented to provide additional information to farmers about their production systems. It is important for agricultural educators, researchers, and other agricultural service professionals to engage in using drones to help provide answers to farmer questions and help expand farmer awareness of their potential uses. To engage in these activities, an educator or researcher must receive their remote pilot certification [certification required by the Federal Aviation Administration for educational activities utilizing drones]. Two separate drone certification trainings were implemented in Princeton and Lexington, KY in 2020. The effectiveness of the trainings, along with their use of learning activities such as lecture tutorials and a sample exam, were assessed. Overall, participants in both locations self-identified significant increases in their knowledge of each topic and potential behavioral change as a result of the workshop with some differences between locations. Sample exam scores increased by over 10% in each location following the training. The sectional chart and Aviation Routine Weather Report lecture tutorials were highly rated as 89% and 100% of respondents, respectively, either somewhat agreed, agreed, or strongly agreed that they helped them learn the material. This study provides results and relevant information for the administration of effective drone certification trainings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to examine empirically the relationship between international quality certification, and information and communication technology (ICT) capability with the firm's export performance by considering the variables of the firm's innovation as a mediator. The data used in this research is derived from the Enterprise Survey from the World Bank involving total more than 4000 firms' respondents from four countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) including Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Vietnam. Analyzed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) technique, the findings show that both international quality certification and ICT capabilities, mediated by innovation, has a significant effect to export performance. The study's findings can help managers and policymakers in developing economies, particularly in ASEAN, improve their firms' export performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the benefits of certification of cooperatives in conflict‐affected areas. We study whether and how certification may contribute to attenuate the impact of conflicts on the members of coffee cooperatives in the Eastern DRC. We use an inverse probability weighted difference‐in‐difference approach to study data collected between December 2017 and October 2019 from four NGO‐supported cooperatives. Two of these cooperatives got organic certification in 2018, of which one got an additional Small Producers Symbol (SPP) certification in 2018. Certified cooperatives allow Arabica coffee producers to access markets and buffer against drops in market prices. Results indicate that certified cooperatives were better able to resist the international price drop than non‐certified cooperatives and the alternative informal markets. The results also suggest that certified cooperative members increased their sales to the cooperative instead of turning to informal side‐selling. We find a decrease in reported food deficits by the members of certified cooperatives and an increase in the importance of coffee in their household's income. We conclude that certification is an effective way forward for smallholder coffee producers and cooperatives in unstable regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Board certification among pharmacists is increasing in prevalence, accompanying expanded practice opportunities and exam availability to broader specialty areas. Residency training is one common prerequisite for board certification. Although there are documented benefits, board certification preparation (BCP) has yet to be evaluated among the American Society of Health System Pharmacists (ASHP)‐accredited residency programs. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the status of BCP among ASHP‐accredited residency programs and corresponding attitudes of residency program directors (RPDs) regarding BCP. Methods: This study is a mixed methods cross‐sectional survey of RPDs from United States (US) states. Eligible RPDs were identified through the ASHP residency directory. A 33‐item survey was developed in REDCap® and distributed via email. Those with missing or invalid emails were excluded. The survey was open for 6 weeks and responses were anonymous. Descriptive statistics were applied for data evaluation. Results: Of the 1601 RPDs emailed, 360 survey responses were received, a 23.3% response rate when excluding invalid email addresses. Among the survey respondents, 313 (86.9%) were board certified. Respondents served as RPDs of Postgraduate Year One (PGY1) (175, 48.6%) or Postgraduate Year Two (PGY2) (177, 49.2%) programs. Structured BCP was offered by 33 (9.2%) programs and 49 (13.6%) financially support residents' BCP. Among programs that offer structured preparation, 12 (36.4%) use institution‐specific materials. Among programs that do not currently offer BCP, 142 (57.3%) indicated they were "somewhat" or "very" interested in implementation, identifying the top barriers as cost and time. Conclusions: A small proportion of programs offer structured BCP, although interest appears high among RPDs to consider implementation. The likelihood of implementation would presumably increase if associated barriers were addressed. Further qualitative evaluation may assist interested programs in efficient, cost‐effective implementation of BCP through institution‐specific or commercially available products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In response to the aging population, the Department for Professional Development in the Nursing Division at the Israeli Ministry of Health has invested significant resources in training registered nurses for post‐basic certification in the field of geriatrics. However, little is known about how the nurses implement the scope of practice in the field and how they maximize their full potential following the training. Aims and objectives: To assess whether nurses' full potential is maximized in geriatric acute and long‐term geriatric care, and community settings in Israel. Design: A quantitative, cross‐sectional study. Methods: The study population is a convenience sample of registered nurses who completed post‐basic certification in geriatric care (n = 287). The participants completed a self‐administered questionnaire addressing socio‐demographic and occupational characteristics, implementation of the scope of practice, and a professional satisfaction questionnaire. Baseline demographic variables were summarized using means and counts, with frequency counts and percentages used for the scope of practice. A one‐way ANOVA was utilized to examine the differences between the workplace and the scope of practice. Chi‐square was used to examine practice types and the workplace. Results: Nurses in all surveyed geriatric settings reported average to high overall performance in independent decision‐making activities and delegated duties. The majority (66%) reported very high satisfaction with the completion of the post basic certification education However overall performance differed significantly between the different geriatric settings. Conclusion: Most of the nurses with a post‐basic geriatric certification are satisfied with their scope of practice, feel valued by colleagues and managers, and are able to practice independently within their professional scope. This can have a positive impact on the care of the older adult population. Clinical Relevance: Administrators should ensure that nurses with a post‐basic geriatric certification are able to maximize their scope of practice. Specifically, we recommend nurse managers to leverage the results of this study and advocate for nurses to fulfill their full potential in their scope of practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The international certification of haemophilia centres in Europe is run by the European Association of Haemophilia and Allied Disorders (EAHAD) and European Haemophilia Consortium (EHC) since 2013. The centres are designated as European Haemophilia Comprehensive Care Centres (EHCCC) or European Haemophilia Treatment Centres (EHTC), based on the specific requirements which evaluate centres' ability to provide care for patients with haemophilia and allied disorders. Aim: To establish the new protocol for accreditation of European Haemophilia Centres. Methods: EAHAD, in collaboration with EHC, established Accreditation Working Group with the aim to define necessary measures to safeguard quality and improvement of bleeding disorders care throughout Europe and to build a novel model for accreditation of European Haemophilia Centres. Results: The European guidelines for certification of haemophilia centres have been updated to guidelines for the accreditation and include all the requirements regarding facilities, laboratory and personnel needed for optimal management of novel treatment options, including the introduction of the hub‐and‐spoke model for delivery of gene therapy. A pilot project for the accreditation of haemophilia centres including on‐site audit has been designed. Conclusion: Implementation of the novel accreditation protocol of the haemophilia treatment and haemophilia gene therapy centres has been made to further improve the quality of care for patients with haemophilia and other inherited bleeding disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to institutional pressures faced by companies in their business environment, this paper investigates how sustainability certification adoption affects global suppliers' competences. Using multiple case studies, managers of 20 export‐oriented firms were interviewed, and secondary data were collected and analysed through inductive content analysis. Findings show normative and mimetic pressures as central for sustainability implementation by coffee suppliers. Additionally, we found that as a result of suppliers' sustainability improvement in their own operations, during the certification adoption, new competences emerged going beyond the triple bottom line dimensions, including improvements in aspects of institutional dimension of sustainability. In contrast to previous research in supply chain sustainability that emphasises coercive pressures, this paper demonstrates the role of normative and mimetic institutional pressures in developing new supplier competences. In doing so, we draw on the role of certification adoption in influencing global suppliers and hence sustainability throughout the supply chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Practical lab skills are rarely directly assessed. To improve constructive alignment between the described learning outcomes of practical skills and assessment, we developed and tested a certification procedure for microscopy skills. The procedure was embedded into the ordinary learning activity, so no additional time was needed. Three slightly different protocols were developed within the framework of sociocultural learning theory and built like a skill ladder, including direct peer assessment and elements of gamified learning. The protocols varied slightly in the way students were prepared for the certification, the number of steps/levels of achievement, and the consequences of failing. We tested the protocols at three different academic institutions and within 11 courses of varying sizes and academic levels in biology or geology. Feedbacks were collected through online surveys (n = 207) or orally after sessions. One protocol provided instruction videos as preparation material. Instruction videos provided increased understanding of the task, but tactile training was most important for learning. Regardless of institution, type of preparation, and level of former experience, the certification procedure made students clearly more engaged in the exercise. The majority reported that the certification procedure increased their motivation to learn, increased their perceived learning outcome, and was appropriate for assessing practical skills. Students with no or little experience in microscopy before the exercise were more positive about the certification procedure compared to skilled students, and the level of engagement and preparation was higher when there were some consequences of failing. Most students felt comfortable being certified by peers, but some students expressed concern about peers making mistakes. The presented certification procedure can easily be adapted to assess other practical skills and, with some adjustments, be an efficient method for assessment‐as‐learning, merging formative‐ and summative assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Certified reference materials (CRM) of amphetamine derivatives were produced through a simple, rapid and efficient synthesis in both batch and continuous‐flow conditions, accompanied by the development of a comprehensive certification protocol for this class of substances. Our chemistry enabled the synthesis of MDA, MDMA, PMA and PMMA in two steps from safrole and estragole with overall yields of 38–61 % in 48 hours under batch conditions and 61–65 % in 65 minutes under continuous‐flow conditions, followed by the development of a certification protocol for these materials through identity checking, homogeneity, stability, and characterization studies. Furthermore, as result of this work, a very pure CRM of MDA.HCl with 99.1±1.4 g/100 g of certified characterization value was produced. Considering the importance of supplying amphetamine calibrants for public security efforts in Forensic Chemistry, the potential therapeutical applications, and responding to the rising demand for the synthesis of CRM, this work presents a pioneering approach for the production of amphetamine and related compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although organic standards and certification schemes have a crucial role in ensuring quality, safety, and sustainability within food systems, there is a need to critically analyze their implications on human capabilities within alternative food networks (AFNs). Therefore, this paper draws upon the capability approach to analyze the implications of three governance mechanisms (i.e., third‐party, social control, and hybrid certification) on human flourishing within AFNs in Ceará, Brazil. The three cases primarily build on 66 interviews with farmers, consumers, AFN owners and employees, certifying officials, governmental and non‐governmental representatives, and researchers. Third‐party certification has some positive effects in terms of material, political, and environmental capabilities and many negative effects regarding social/cultural capabilities. Social control certification bolsters material, social/cultural, political, and environmental capabilities for the benefit of farmers and consumers. Hybrid certification increases the material control, political power, social legitimacy, and environmental governance of market intermediaries. The findings can help scholars, practitioners, and policymakers rethink the role of organic standardization and certification in fostering fundamental human capabilities and tackling inequalities within AFNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]