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The present study investigates the quasi‐static and dynamic mechanical properties of the composite laminates reinforced by flax hybridized with E‐glass and/or carbon fabrics. Epoxy resin was used as the polymeric matrix. Three different hybrid composite laminates were prepared: Glass/flax (HGF), carbon/flax (HCF), and carbon/glass/flax (HCGF) composite laminates. Non‐hybrid flax composite laminate (NHF) was prepared as a reference material. The quasi‐static mechanical properties were investigated by performing tensile and flexural tests. The dynamic mechanical behavior was evaluated using the split Hopkinson pressure bar test and dynamic mechanical analysis technique. The results showed that hybridizing flax with glass and/or carbon fibers significantly enhanced both the quasi‐static and dynamic mechanical properties of the composite system. Due to hybridization, the tensile strength increased from 50.5 MPa for NHF to 71.5, 162, and 107 MPa for HGF, HCF, and HCGF, respectively. Similarly, the flexural strength increased from 33.4 MPa for NHF to 104, 149, and 112 MPa for HGF, HCF, and HCGF, respectively. All the composite laminates showed a strain rate‐dependent behavior when tested using the SHPB test. Moreover, the dynamic compressive strength was substantially improved due to hybridization. DMA results showed that hybridization significantly improved the storage modulus and loss modulus of hybrid composites. Highlights: Polymer composites reinforced with flax fabric hybridized with glass and/or carbon fabrics were fabricated.The fabricated hybrid composites were subjected to quasi‐static mechanical tests (tensile and flexural) and dynamic mechanical tests (DMA and SHPB).The hybridization approach was effective in improving the static and dynamic mechanical properties of hybrid composites.The static and dynamic behavior of hybrid composites can be tailored by controlling the type of synthetic fibers hybridized with natural ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the influence of environmental pollution and energy scarcity, integrated energy systems (IES) have received extensive attention in the field of energy supply due to their ability to consume renewable energy and enhance energy utilization. In the context of low‐carbon scheduling for IES, numerous studies calculate the system's carbon emissions based on the carbon emission coefficients of energy devices. However, IES is a multi‐energy coupling system in which a device's energy input can originate from multiple sources with varying degrees of carbon emissions, making it difficult to accurately calculate the resulting carbon emissions using fixed coefficients. Consequently, a carbon emission flow (CEF) model is constructed for the system to calculate carbon emissions. In addition to the basic input–output CEF model, the CEF model for energy storage devices is considered, and carbon emission constraints during system operation are formulated based on the CEF model. Furthermore, many studies on low‐carbon scheduling of IES overlook the uncertainties associated with load and renewable energy. Therefore, a two‐stage scheduling model consisting of day‐ahead stage and intra‐day stage is developed to achieve reliable energy supply. Finally, through experiments, the low‐carbon performance and reliability of the model are validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wet tropical forests play an important role in the global carbon (C) cycle, but given current rates of land‐use change, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) limitation could reduce productivity in regenerating forests in this biome. Whereas the strong controls of climate and parent material over forest recovery are well known, the influence of vegetation can be difficult to determine. We addressed species‐specific differences in plant traits and their relationships to ecosystem properties and processes, relevant to N and P supply to regenerating vegetation in experimental plantations in a single site in lowland wet forest in Costa Rica. Single‐tree species were planted in a randomized block design, such that climate, soil (an Oxisol), and land‐use history were similar for all species. In years 15–25 of the experiment, we measured traits regarding N and P acquisition and use in four native, broad‐leaved, evergreen tree species, including differential effects on soil pH, in conjunction with biomass and soil stocks and fluxes of N and P. Carbon biomass stocks increased significantly with increasing soil pH (p = 0.0184, previously reported) as did biomass P stocks (p = 0.0011). Despite large soil N pools, biomass P stocks were weakly dependent on traits associated with N acquisition and use (N2 fixation and leaf C:N, p < 0.09). Mass‐balance budgets indicated that soil organic matter (SOM) could supply the N and P accumulated in biomass via the process of SOM mineralization. Secondary soil P pools were weakly correlated with biomass C and P stocks (R = 0.47, p = 0.08) and were large enough to have supplied sufficient P in these rapidly growing plantations, suggesting that alteration of soil pH provided a mechanism for liberation of soil P occluded in organo‐mineral soil complexes and thus supply P for plant uptake. These results highlight the importance of considering species' effect on soil pH for restoration projects in highly weathered soils. This study demonstrates mechanisms by which individual species can alter P availability, and thus productivity and C cycling in regenerating humid tropical forests, and the importance of including traits into global models of element cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A remarkable stereodivergent cyclotrimerization of 9,10‐didehydrotribenzo[8]annulene (tribenzoCOTyne) to the corresponding (α,α,α)‐ and (α,α,β)‐benzofused derivatives has been developed by controlling the reaction conditions. While the K+‐mediated cyclotrimerization afforded the (α,α,α) stereoisomer, using Pd as a catalyst resulted in the (α,α,β)‐derivative. Both stereoisomers were evidenced by spectroscopic data and crystal X‐Ray analysis. The (α,α,α) stereoisomer is a fragment of cubic graphite (CG), an elusive 3D carbon allotrope that contains carbon cages, since all of its sixty carbons are part of the structure of CG, and 36 constitute a part of the C48 molecular cage of CG. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies revealed that the potassium ion would play a key role as a template to favor the formation of the (α,α,α) stereoisomer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the potential of re‐purposing end‐of‐life commercial supercapacitors as electrochemical desalination cells, aligning with circular economy principles. A commercial 500‐Farad supercapacitor was disassembled, and its carbon electrodes underwent various degrees of modification. The most straightforward modification involved NaOH‐etching of the aluminum current collector to produce free‐standing carbon films. More advanced modifications included CO2 activation and binder‐added wet processing of the electrodes. When evaluated as electrodes for electrochemical desalination via capacitive deionization of low‐salinity (20 mM) NaCl solutions, the minimally modified NaOH‐etched carbon electrodes achieved an average desalination capacity of 5.8 mg g−1 and a charge efficiency of 80 %. In contrast, the CO2‐activated, wet‐processed electrodes demonstrated an improved desalination capacity of 7.9 mg g−1 and a charge efficiency above 90 % with stable performance over 20 cycles. These findings highlight the feasibility and effectiveness of recycling supercapacitors for sustainable water desalination applications, offering a promising avenue for resource recovery and re‐purposing in pursuing environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Inspired by physical field freezing technology from frozen food engineering, the ultrasonic field and static magnetic field are integrated simultaneously into the freeze‐drying process to prepare aerogel for the first time. Taking polyimide(PI)‐derived carbon composite aerogels as an example, it is demonstrated that the ultrasonic field and magnetic field are capable of regulating the ice crystal size by affecting the liquid cooling phase and the phase transition phase, respectively. The aerogel structure with small pore size and narrow pore size distribution is obtained. Thus leading to the formation of an abundant conductive network and heterogeneous interface, so as to realize the regulation of the porous structure of aerogels. Secondly, the coupling of ultrasound and magnetic fields addresses the agglomeration and realizes the orientation alignment of nanofillers. The charge storage capacity and conductivity of the system are improved. Therefore, the electrical conductivity, conductive loss, polarization loss, and multiple reflections of the composite aerogel are enhanced to obtain improved electromagnetic shielding performance microwave absorption property. The present work provides a scalable reactive processing pathway for the structural modulation of aerogels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new and effective method for making bridged bicyclic benzoxepine derivatives were devised through the intermolecular [3+3]‐annulation of benzoxepine‐3‐carboxylates with aminocrotonates in the presence of La(OTf)3. The compounds were formed through reactions involving the benzoxepine moiety's C‐3 and C‐5 carbons to produce C−C and C−N bonds. One of the compound structure (±) 12‐ethyl‐6‐methyl‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐2,3,4,7‐tetrahydro‐3,7‐methano benzo[h][1,4]‐oxazonine‐6,12‐dicarboxylate was confirmed by single crystal X‐ray analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coking is a common catalyst deactivation route in industrial processes involving carbonaceous species. While coking is easy to diagnose, this is often performed by bulk analysis. Understanding specific symptoms such as pore blockage and obstruction of active sites is especially challenging for technical catalysts and requires a spatially‐resolved approach. Here a combination of ptychographic X‐ray computed tomography (PXCT) and X‐ray fluorescence nanotomography (XRF‐CT) could identify and allocate regions of coke deposition within a technical zeolite‐based propane dehydrogenation catalyst. PXCT is sensitive to the quantitative electron density of the sample, therefore indirectly visualising coke deposition in meso‐ and macropores with 56–61 nm 3D spatial resolution. For more direct visualisation the catalysts were treated with Cu solution as fluorescent marker, whereby complementary XRF‐CT analysis could distinguish accessible and blocked pores based on the presence or absence of adsorbed Cu. This strategy was used to assess coking as a function of time on stream, to evaluate coke removal by oxidative regeneration, and to distinguish the presence of coke deposits separately within the zeolite and binder components. This strategy is applicable to virtually any porous solid catalyst and can deliver previously unknown insights into the common phenomenon of coke deposition particularly in technical catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Room temperature Na−S batteries are considered as a promising alternative energy storage system because of their abundant material resources and high theoretical energy density. However, the severe polysulfide shuttle effect and slow reaction kinetics hinder their practical application. Herein, a hierarchical meso‐ and microporous carbon with nitrogen self‐doping (NSPC) is prepared using chitin as the carbon precursor and serves as a novel host to confine the sulfur (S⊂NSPC). An optimized structure of NSPC, including abundant graphite nanocrystals, large pore volume of 1.76 cm3 g−1, and large specific surface area of 2073 m2 g−1 is obtained at the carbonization temperature of 1000 °C. These merits contribute to significantly enhanced charge transfer and ion diffusion of the as‐prepared S⊂NSPC‐1000 cathode, which exhibits the outstanding sodium storage performance, including high reversible capacities of 1207 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 891 mAh g−1 at 2 C and stable cycling with a low capacity decay for 400 cycles at 1 C, among other S⊂NSPC cathodes and previously reported cathodes for Na−S batteries. This cathode can also afford stable cycling at a high sulfur loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first catalytic enantioselective intramolecular allylic dearomatization of allylic alcohol tethered α‐ and β‐naphthols has been developed with iridium/acid‐dual catalysis. A wide range of polycyclic spiroketones containing vicinal tertiary and quaternary carbon stereocenters were readily prepared in good to high yields with high diastereo‐ and moderate to excellent enantioselectivities. An unusual anti‐Markovnikov Wacker oxidation has also been shown in synthetic transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dots (CDs) have garnered extensive attention owing to their excellent biocompatibility, elevated specific surface area, and facile functionalization, as well as their diverse methods of preparation. In recent times, CDs have been applied for anti‐corrosion and obtained some significant results. In this work, the preparation methods of CDs are first briefly introduced, and the relative merits of different approaches are highlighted. Subsequently, the application of CDs in the realm of corrosion inhibitors is discussed, and the corrosion inhibition effects and mechanism of nitrogen‐doped CDs, nitrogen and sulfur‐co‐doped CDs, as well as CDs functionalized with other elements and nitrogen‐co‐doped are summarized. Finally, the application of CDs and functionalized CD‐modified coatings for anti‐corrosion and their protective mechanism is analyzed in detail. This review summarizes recent progress in research related to CDs and heteroatom‐doped CDs in anti‐corrosion applications and anticipates the prospects and applications of CDs in corrosion protection. With their unique properties and versatile applications, CDs are expected to assume a progressively pivotal role in the advancement of cutting‐edge corrosion protection technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narrow‐band deep‐blue light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) (CIEy coordinate<0.08, full width at half maximum (FWHM)<20 nm) are important for the next generation of LED‐based displays. It remains a significant challenge for the design of narrow‐band deep‐blue emitters. Herein, a new strategy is proposed for constructing narrow‐band deep‐blue LEDs that are not dependent on the narrow‐band deep‐blue emitter, but only need to dope n‐type carbon dots (n‐CDs) in the active emission layer (EML) of the wide‐band blue LEDs. The n‐CDs‐LEDs show an ultra‐narrow deep‐blue emission at 430 nm with the color coordinates of (0.15, 0.04) and the FWHM of 19 nm. Wherein the EML is constructed by doping n‐CDs in Poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐co‐N‐(4‐butylphenyl) diphenylamine) (TFB), which neither changes the band structure of TFB nor produces new energy levels. Transient photovoltage (TPV) and various photoelectrochemical characterizations jointly reveal that n‐CDs can trap holes to realize the carrier injection into a single energy level of TFB and achieve ultra‐narrow deep‐blue light emission. This work provides a brand‐new and simple way to realize the narrow‐band deep‐blue LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) and poor cycling performance are the pain points that hinder the commercialization of silicon monoxide (SiO) anode materials. Unfortunately, disproportionation commonly used to enhance cycling performance significantly reduces prelithiation efficiency, making it difficult to achieve both high‐ICE and long‐cycle‐life SiO anodes. Herein, the intrinsic contradiction between disproportionation and prelithiation is successfully reconciled through the ingenious application of the carbon coating strategy, achieving a synergistic enhancement among the three processes (carbon coating, disproportionation, and prelithiation). The prepared SiO anode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with an ICE as high as 113.74% and a reversible capacity of 713.68 mAh g−1 after 750 cycles. In‐depth investigations reveal that carbon optimizes the distribution of Si and O within the disproportionated SiO, effectively thinning the SiO2 surface layer and releasing the shielded Si, thereby enhancing reversible capacity and prelithiation efficiency. TG‐FTIR analysis further elucidates the underlying mechanism, demonstrating that the carbon effectively inhibits the outward migration and escape of O during disproportionation. In summary, this study uncovers the pivotal role of carbon coating in regulating the disproportionation behavior, promoting efficient prelithiation, and enhancing the capacity recovery of SiO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well‐established that Pt‐based catalysts suffer from the unfavorable linear scaling relationship (LSR) between *OOH and *OH (ΔG(*OOH)=ΔG(*OH)+3.2±0.2 eV) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), resulting in a great challenge to significantly reduced ORR overpotentials. Herein, we propose a universal and feasible strategy of fluorine‐doped carbon supports, which optimize interfacial microenvironment of Pt‐based catalysts and thus significantly enhance their reactive kinetics. The introduction of C−F bonds not only weakens the *OH binding energy, but also stabilizes the *OOH intermediate, resulting in a break of LSR. Furthermore, fluorine‐doped carbon constructs a local super‐hydrophobic interface that facilitates the diffusion of H2O and the mass transfer of O2. Electrochemical tests show that the F‐doped carbon‐supported Pt catalysts exhibit over 2‐fold higher mass activities than those without F modification. More importantly, those catalysts also demonstrate excellent stability in both rotating disk electrode (RDE) and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) tests. This study not only validates the feasibility of tuning the electrocatalytic microenvironment to improve mass transport and to break the scaling relationship, but also provides a universal catalyst design paradigm for other gas‐involving electrocatalytic reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the issues of node interaction power overrun and high carbon emissions that may arise during distributed optimization in multi‐energy parks (MEPs), this paper proposes a distributed low‐carbon and economic operation method for multi‐energy parks based on a cloud platform that considers network transmission capacity.The proposed method achieves maximun profit by designing a two layer collaborative architecture for distributed optimization operations. At the top level, cloud platform services are utilized to build a model for checking network transport capacity and carbon emission quotas, optimizing network node over‐limit inspection. The bottom layer constructs a distributed optimization model for multi‐energy complementation in each park, taking into account the information privacy and individual interests of each multi‐energy park. An improved alternating direction multiplier method (ADMM) is proposed to effectively solve the two‐layer framework. The case studies show that the distributed optimization method under cloud platform services proposed in this paper can achieve maximum revenue for integrated energy service provider while ensuring the safe operation of multi‐energy parks, and reasonably allocate the benefits of collaborative operation among various parks while promoting carbon emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Anisakis simplex larvae, commonly found in marine fish, cause anisakiasis in humans, resulting in gastric to gastro‐allergic symptoms. Despite known health risks, the impact of Anisakidae larvae on fish hosts is less understood. This study aimed to investigate this interaction by assessing the feeding strategy of A. simplex. Anisakis larvae were isolated from North Sea Merluccius merluccius tissues (stomach, body cavity, liver and muscle) and were analysed for carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values. Significant differences in δ13C values were found among host tissues, with the liver differing from muscle and stomach tissues. In contrast, no differences were noted for the associated parasites. Additionally, δ15N values indicated that the host occupied a significantly higher relative trophic position than its parasite. This suggests a lack of direct nutrient transfer from host to parasite, as the parasite would typically exhibit higher stable isotope values than the tissue they feed on. Therefore, A. simplex's stable isotope values might reflect those of its previous host (crustacean and/or small fish), providing insights into diet and movement of the paratenic M. merluccius host. Further research is needed to confirm these findings across different fish species and to explore A. simplex as a proxy for trophic ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When water resources are limited, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants adapt in part through adjustments in carbon allocation strategies, often evident in the leaves within the canopy. The dynamics of leaf carbon accumulation provide insights into how the plant partitions and uses carbon resources, a key aspect of optimizing crop productivity. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of leaf carbon accumulation in two cotton cultivars (Phytogen [PHY] 350 and Stoneville [ST] 5707) across spatial and temporal scales under two different levels of irrigation (low: 178 mm year−1, high: 356 mm year−1) in 2020 and 2021. For each cultivar and irrigation treatment, an increase in leaf mass occurred primarily at the bottom of the canopy early in the season, followed by additional leaf production in the middle of the plant as the season progressed. Irrigation reduction resulted in a canopy with reduced radiation interception, less leaf shading in the lower canopy, and thicker leaves. In contrast, more irrigation created canopies with a larger effective leaf area, increasing total light interception despite increased shading at the canopy base. Additionally, leaf carbon allocation is synchronized with fruit carbon demand at the onset of the first bloom stage for an early‐maturing cultivar. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the complex relationship between water availability, radiation intensity within the canopy, and leaf carbon dynamics, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the plant's overall performance in resource‐constrained environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Carbon quantum dots were synthesised in an environmentally friendly and efficient way using the plasma electrochemical method with folic acid as a precursor. By taking online measurements of the 90‐min synthesis process, we observed that the fluorescence quantum yield (QY) varied with the reaction time. The optimisation of reaction time and other experimental parameters can effectively improve the QY of carbon quantum dots. The results demonstrate that an increase in nitrogen doping leads to an increase in QY. In this paper, the QY of carbon quantum dots was increased from 0.64% to 13.72% by optimising the experimental parameters, which provides an effective way to increase the QY of carbon quantum dots synthesised by the plasma electrochemical method or other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optically active molecule architectures stand as an important class of organic compounds and occupy a key role in academic and industrial communities. Particularly, the molecules bearing quaternary carbon are of vital importance because of its favorable conformation and valuable three‐dimensional molecules, which frequently play a key role in a broad spectrum of functional materials, pharmaceutical relevant natural molecules, and agrochemicals. Over the past few decades, a large number of synthetic strategies for the enantioselective construction of compounds with chiral quaternary carbon centers have been the focus of a number of research initiatives. In this review, the state‐of‐the‐art toward the synthesis of enantioenriched molecules bearing quaternary stereocenters are summarized, which could be segmented into four categories: 1) Construction of optically active quaternary carbon centers by addition to prochiral sp2 carbon; 2) Construction of optically active all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters via substitution at non‐chiral tetra‐substituted carbon; 3) Construction of optically active all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters via kinetic resolution; 4) Construction of optically active all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters via desymmetrization reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A diaminomethylenemalononitrile organocatalyst efficiently promoted asymmetric cascade Michael/Michael reactions between a 2‐(trifluoromethylmethylene)indane‐1,3‐dione derivative and α‐alkylidene succinimides, resulting in spiroindane‐1,3‐dione derivatives. These derivatives feature four consecutive carbon stereocenters, including one stereocenter with a trifluoromethyl substituent, and were formed in high yield with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 94 % ee). This study marks the first successful example of using methyleneindane‐1,3‐dione derivatives, bearing alkoxycarbonyl and trifluoromethyl groups at the β‐position, as Michael acceptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimode temperature‐pressure sensors hold significant promise in personal health monitoring, wearables and robotic signal detection. Traditional bimode sensors typically combine two independent sensors, leading to fabrication complexity. This study develops a bimode temperature‐pressure sensor by using a facile electrodeposition method to create sandwiched BiSbTe/Carbon Paper/BiSbTe thin films and stacking them to a vertical structure. It demonstrates high sensitivity for temperature sensing, capable of detecting temperature difference as low as 1 K, and a rapid response time of 0.92 s due to a vertical structure. Utilizing its thermoelectric mechanism, the sensor achieves self‐powered sensing for finger touch and respiration states. Furthermore, its island‐like contact surface ensures high sensitivity with an extremely fast response time of 0.17 s, by rapidly changing contact resistance under pressure, allowing it to detect various human behaviors, including body movements and micro‐expressions. Beyond its sensing capabilities, the film excels in flexibility, electromagnetic interference shielding, and stability, presenting significant potential for integration into self‐powered electronic skin systems for health monitoring, wearables, artificial intelligence, and other electronic skin applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Stiefel–Whitney (SW) insulator, which lacks spin‐orbit coupling and has space–time inversion (PT$\text{PT}$) symmetry, has attracted significant interest due to its fragile topological state and unconventional bulk‐boundary correspondence. Previously, the identification of SW insulators has been widely proposed for 2D phononic systems, but it has received little attention for 3D phononic systems. Herein, it is recognized that the 3D 3,44T19 type carbon allotrope (3,44T19‐CA) possesses the possibility to attain the nontrivial phononic SW topology characterized by a nontrivial second SW number, specifically w2 = 1. In addition, the 3D 3,44T19‐CA has 2D surface vibrational modes and 1D hinge vibrational modes, providing an excellent platform for multi–dimensional topological phononic boundaries research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrodes, which offer sites for mass transfer and redox reactions, play a crucial role in determining the energy efficiencies and power densities of redox flow batteries. This review focuses on various approaches to enhancing electrode performance, particularly the methods of surface etching and catalyst deposition, as well as some other advanced strategies for regulating electrode surface properties. These approaches aim to increase active sites and enhance kinetics for the redox reactions, which are crucial for elevating power density and electrolyte utilization, eventually determining the performance of the flow battery. Highlighting the need for interdisciplinary research, this mini‐review suggests that future advancements in electrode design will significantly impact the commercial viability and adoption of redox flow batteries in sustainable energy storage solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classic period Maya populations were mobile, and both burial patterns and dietary analyses suggest that many movers were incorporated into local communities. This paper presents a multi‐isotopic (Sr, O, S, C, and N) study of the diet and mobility of 18 Late (AD 550–800) and Terminal Classic (AD 800–900) individuals from the site of Pacbitun, Belize. Three distinct isotope systems identify where people lived at different stages of life, from the childhood origins of migrant and local Pacbitun populations to their final residences. The enamel strontium isotope ratios of the Court 3 individuals were higher than local ranges established by faunal and human bone values, suggesting elite migration, or even residential mobility within the polity. Sulfur isotope values reveal information about the local population, where all but one individual in the sample lived at the site for many years before they died. The exception was an isotopically nonlocal individual in a dedicatory deposit, as reported in other studies. Diet also informs on the receiving community and how migrants assimilated, as people with local and nonlocal isotope values ate isotopically similar foods. Individuals from elite site core contexts and those in Pacbitun's peripheral settlements both consumed C4‐enriched proteins, though there were more isotopically diverse protein sources in peripheral settlements during the Terminal Classic period. Sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen isotope data also reveal some differences in where food was acquired, including use of nonlocal fauna. Combining isotope systems that sample different body tissues also may blur the line between migrants and locals, terms that may describe the same person at different stages of life and show the need for a more nuanced discussion of ancient mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of trees to acquire soil nutrients under future climate conditions will influence forest composition and function in a warmer world. Rarely are multiple belowground carbon allocation pathways measured simultaneously in large global change experiments, restricting our understanding of how trees may shift their allocation of resources to different nutrient acquisition mechanisms under future climates. Leveraging a 20‐year soil warming experiment, we show that ectomycorrhizal (EM) trees reduce mycorrhizal colonization and root exudation while increasing fine root biomass, while arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees largely maintained their belowground carbon allocation patterns in warmer soils. We suggest that AM trees may be better adapted to thrive under global warming due to higher rates of nitrogen mineralization in warmer soils and the ability of their mycorrhizal symbiont to acquire mineralized inorganic nutrients, whereas EM trees may need to alter their belowground carbon allocation patterns to remain competitive as global temperatures rise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent global policy initiatives aimed at reducing forest degradation require practical definitions of degradation that are readily monitored. However, consistent approaches for monitoring forest degradation over the long term and at broad scales are lacking. We quantified the long‐term effects of intensive wood harvest on above‐ground carbon and biodiversity at fine resolutions (30 m2) and broad scales (New Brunswick, Canada; 72,908 km2). Model predictions for above‐ground biomass were highly correlated with independent data (r = 0.77). After accounting for carbon stored in wood products, net CO2 emissions from forests for the region from 1985 to 2020 were 141 CO2e Tg (4.02 TgCO2e year−1; 32% of all reported emissions). We found strong positive correlations between locations with declines in above‐ground carbon and habitats for old‐forest bird species, which have lost > 20% habitat over 35 years. High congruence between biodiversity and forest carbon offers potential for policy incentives to conserve both objectives simultaneously and slow rates of forest degradation. These methods could be used to track forest degradation for managed forest regions worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precision chemistry of synthetic carbon allotropes including fullerene and graphene, characterized by a well‐controlled and spatially resolved addends bonding, has received widespread attention owing to its capability to tailor their physicochemical properties for high‐end applications. In the context of fullerene, particularly endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs), precision chemistry emphasizes the regioselective binding of a specific number of moieties to the fullerene cage. In the case of graphene, precision chemistry focuses on achieving precise patterning and tailored modifications. Inspired by their intriguing advantages, the precision chemistry of these two members has witnessed rapid advancements. While existing reviews have outlined advancements in the precision chemistry of EMFs and graphene, this review uniquely concentrates on the most recent progress. Finally, the prospects in this field, with a special focus on the potential for creating functional materials through strategically patterned binding of fullerene and graphene networks are envisioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst hydrogen as a substance is not new, the recent surge in interest around hydrogen is prompting new regulatory frameworks and hydrogen strategies to support the uptake of the hydrogen economy. The potential of hydrogen to facilitate the decarbonisation of especially hard‐to‐abate sectors is immense, and various jurisdictions are actively creating regulatory frameworks for hydrogen investments, particularly in their green, clean or low‐carbon forms. This is crucial because hydrogen's environmental impact depends on its production methods. This article explores the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) approaches in implementing measures to support the uptake of hydrogen market. More specifically, it seeks to identify the main similarities and differences of the forerunner jurisdictions' adopted policies. The article focusses on the recent measures proposed or adopted by both jurisdictions, suggesting that their leading positions are becoming more aligned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To realise the objectives of the European Green Deal (EGD), fossil carbon will have to be not only reduced but also replaced with recycled carbon. The European Commission considers industrial carbon management and carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) technologies to be part of the solution. A value chain ensues when carbon dioxide (CO2) is captured and utilised as raw material. Examination of the climate, energy and environmental legal landscape of one specific CCU value chain—comprising of waste, waste incineration and plastic raw material—reveals the varied approaches regulation has towards CO2 and carbon. In this article, both carbon cycle legislation and legislation on the carbon source and the material storing carbon are analysed. The legislation being developed directly for CCU for products (other than synthetic fuels) focusses on the carbon cycle and CO2 under the EU emissions trading system (ETS) and a proposed Carbon Removal Certification Framework. Regulatory uncertainty remains for the studied CCU value chain as the capture of CO2 from waste incineration has yet to be incentivised under the EU ETS. Further, the criteria for the permanence of carbon storage in products to qualify under the EU ETS and of the long‐term storage under the Carbon Removal Certification Framework (CRCF) have yet to be developed. For a more complete understanding, we have also analysed waste and product regulations. The conceptual structure of the EU Waste Framework Directive does not seem to support circulating carbon. This context also raises the fundamental question of whether the purpose of waste incineration could be carbon recycling instead of mere energy production. Regarding material storing carbon, plastics, the regulator has been silent as CCU‐originated plastic raw material is not recognised in EU plastics law. These issues must be identified and resolved one by one before the EGD can be secured; revisiting only climate law instruments does not suffice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interdigital electrodes were prepared using nanoimprint lithography and piezoelectric inkjet printing. These processes are simpler and more cost‐effective than the industrially used electron beam lithography because of their purely mechanical process step. For the investigation of material dependence, platinum as well as carbon electrodes were fabricated. Afterwards electrodes with various line widths and spacings were tested for the application as a chemiresistive sensor for ferrocenyl‐methanol and the influence of the gap‐width and conductor cross‐section on the sensitivity was investigated. The general suitability of the systems for the production of such structures could be confirmed. Structures with a limit of detection (LOD) down to 1.2 μM and 35.9 μM could be produced for carbon and platinum, respectively, as well as a response time of 3.6 s was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although numerous empirical studies have scrutinized the impact of technological innovation, renewable energy, and natural resources on carbon emissions (CCO2), there is a lack of empirical knowledge of consumption‐based CCO2 emissions. This study examines the impacts of technological innovation, renewable energy, and natural resources factors on CCO2 emissions in China. In addition, the present work considers the role of the banking sector in environmental neutrality in China from 1990 to 2019. For this purpose, the sophisticated approach of "bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag (BARDL)" is applied to explore the association of the selected indicators on CCO2. The outcomes indicate that (i) economic growth and natural resources negatively impact environmental neutrality; (ii) environment‐related technologies and renewable energy are crucial to promoting environmental neutrality; and (iii) banking sector in China has a positive association with CCO2 emissions. The findings of this work recommend using effective measures to mitigate ecological pollution by using green energy sources and strengthening the banking sector by offering environment‐friendly investment loans. Likewise, strategies should be designed that reinforce sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global interest and investment in nature‐based solutions (NbS) are rapidly increasing because of the potential of this approach to concurrently counter biodiversity loss, provide cost‐effective measures for climate change adaptations, and maintain natural processes that underpin human health and wellbeing.Recognition is growing that grasslands in many regions will protect carbon stores more effectively than forests in the warmer, drier, more fire‐prone conditions of the future while also serving as hotspots for biodiversity. Yet grasslands have received less attention for their NbS potential. Despite the wide‐ranging goals of this approach, many investments in nature‐based solutions also have focused narrowly on using plants to meet climate pledges, often without considering plant interactions with herbivores and the abiotic environment that jointly control ecosystem functioning and underpin the success of nature‐based solutions.Here, we review the roles that large and small vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores play in the ability of the world's grasslands to provide nature‐based solutions, with a focus on wild herbivore impacts on biodiversity and carbon storage.Synthesis. Planning for nature‐based solutions with a holistic, ecologically informed view that includes the role of herbivores and their interaction with plants and the environment will allow NbS investments to more likely achieve successful, sustainable outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf litter in coastal wetlands lays the foundation for carbon storage, and the creation of coastal wetland soils. As climate change alters the biogeochemical conditions and macrophyte composition of coastal wetlands, a better understanding of the interactions between microbial communities, changing chemistry, and leaf litter is required to understand the dynamics of coastal litter breakdown in changing wetlands. Coastal wetlands are dynamic systems with shifting biogeochemical conditions, with both tidal and seasonal redox fluctuations, and marine subsidies to inland habitats. Here, we investigated gene expression associated with various microbial redox pathways to understand how changing conditions are affecting the benthic microbial communities responsible for litter breakdown in coastal wetlands. We performed a reciprocal transplant of leaf litter from four distinct plant species along freshwater‐to‐marine gradients in the Florida Coastal Everglades, tracking changes in environmental and litter biogeochemistry, as well as benthic microbial gene expression associated with varying redox conditions, carbon degradation, and phosphorus acquisition. Early litter breakdown varied primarily by species, with highest breakdown in coastal species, regardless of the site they were at during breakdown, while microbial gene expression showed a strong seasonal relationship between sulfate cycling and salinity, and was not correlated with breakdown rates. The effect of salinity is likely a combination of direct effects, and indirect effects from associated marine subsidies. We found a positive correlation between sulfate uptake and salinity during January with higher freshwater inputs to coastal areas. However, we found a peak of dissimilatory sulfate reduction at intermediate salinity during April when freshwater inputs to coastal sites are lower. The combination of these two results suggests that sulfate acquisition is limiting to microbes when freshwater inputs are high, but that when marine influence increases and sulfate becomes more available, dissimilatory sulfate reduction becomes a key microbial process. As marine influence in coastal wetlands increases with climate change, our study suggests that sulfate dynamics will become increasingly important to microbial communities colonizing decomposing leaf litter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Societal Impact Statement: Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery highlights the extent of illegal deforestation in protected areas for the biodiverse humid forest of central Madagascar. The ultra‐high‐resolution (<10‐cm pixel) images enable the creation of detailed forest 3D base maps and provide the means to quantify forest stand losses. To help communities safeguard their forests, local non‐governmental organisations can use UAV maps in combination with weekly deforestation alerts to facilitate an immediate on‐ground response that significantly restricts illegal activity. Integrating ultra‐high‐resolution UAV mapping and coarse‐resolution freely available satellite imagery should have much wider applications in Madagascar and the humid tropics for community‐based conservation. Summary: This study of the Ambohimahamasina humid forest shows that small UAVs offer a detailed (<10‐cm pixel), rapid and cost‐effective solution to provide maps of detailed deforestation patterns not visible in satellite imagery.Calculating forest extent and volume are valuable ways to rapidly assess forest losses and prioritise areas for ground patrols. The use of 3‐dimensional measurements for above ground carbon estimates indicate how, in the future, these metrics could be used to calculate carbon payments for conservation programs.By combining UAV and free satellite imagery, an effective alert system has been developed that supports community initiatives in the protection of their natural forest resources.The wealth of ultra‐high‐resolution UAV data collected in this study provides insights into forest dynamics, supports local community forest management, and has the potential to measure the value of the forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although considered a hallmark in early ontogeny, weaning from breastmilk is difficult to monitor in wild primates and weaning ages remain unknown for wild bonobos (Pan Paniscus). Here, we calculated inter‐birth intervals from demographic data and measured the isotopic offsets (Δ15N and Δ13C) between mother (n = 17) and offspring (n = 28) fecal sample pairs (n = 131, total n = 246) in the LuiKotale bonobos to assess nutritional weaning for the first time. We tested the effects of infant age, female parity, and sibling competition on Δ15N and Δ13C values. We found bonobo inter‐birth intervals ranging from 2.2 to 7.3 years (x̄ = 4.7 ± 1.3 years) at LuiKotale. The Δ15N and Δ13C values suggested nutritional weaning on average by 6.6 and 7.0 years of age respectively, considerably exceeding weaning ages reported for chimpanzees (P. troglodytes) using the same approach. Our Δ13C data suggested that the number of offspring present affected nursing, with first‐time mothers nursing more and possibly longer. The Δ15N and Δ13C values decreased with the arrival of the next sibling, suggesting sibling competition reduces milk access. Nevertheless, offspring may continue nursing 2.5–3 years after the birth of the next sibling, corresponding well with observations on low infant mortality. In conclusion, bonobo mothers provide remarkably enduring materna l support in the form of nursing concurrently to several offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste tyres (WTs) are a major global issue that needs immediate attention to ensure a sustainable environment. They are often dumped in landfills or incinerated in open environments, which leads to environmental pollution. However, various thermochemical conversion methods have shown promising results as treatment routes to tackle the WT problem while creating new materials for industries. One such material is WT char, which has properties comparable to those of carbon materials used as an active electrode material in batteries. Therefore, a systematic review of the various thermochemical approaches used to convert WTs into carbon materials for electrode applications was conducted. The review shows that pretreatment processes, various process routes, and operating parameters affect derived carbon properties and its respective electrochemical performance. WT‐derived carbon has the potential to yield a high specific capacity greater than the traditional graphite (372 mAh g−1) commonly used in lithium‐ion batteries. Finally, the review outlines the challenges of the process routes, as well as opportunities and future research directions for electrode carbon materials from WTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The southeastern Atlantic Ocean is a crucial yet understudied region for the ocean absorption of anthropogenic carbon (Canth). Data from the A12 (2020) and A13.5 (2010) cruises offer an opportunity to examine changes in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), its stable isotope (δ13C), and Canth over the past decade within a limited region (1∼3°E, 32∼42°S). For the decade of 2010–2020, Canth invasion was observed from the sea surface down to 1,200 m based on both DIC and δ13C data. The mean Canth increase rate (1.08 ± 0.26 mol m−2 yr−1) during this period accelerated from 0.87 ± 0.05 mol m−2 yr−1 during the previous period (1983/84–2010). The δ13C‐based Canth increase closely matches the DIC‐based estimation below 500 m but is 26% higher in the upper ocean. This discrepancy is likely due to δ13C's longer air‐sea exchange timescale, seasonal variability in the upper ocean, and the chosen ratio of anthropogenically induced changes in δ13C and DIC. Finally, column inventory changes based on the two methods also exhibit very similar mean Canth uptake rates. The paired DIC concentration and stable isotope dataset may enhance our ability to constrain Canth accumulation and its controlling mechanisms in the ocean. Plain Language Summary: The stable carbon isotope signal (δ13C) of oceanic dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is a sensitive tracer for the absorption of anthropogenic carbon from the atmosphere. We collected δ13C data from a limited region in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean and used them to examine the anthropogenic carbon changes over the most recent decade. From 2010 to 2020, anthropogenic carbon invasion can be found from the sea surface to a depth of 1,200 m with an accelerated increase rate compared to the period from 1983/84 to 2010. The δ13C‐based estimation of anthropogenic carbon increase matches closely with the DIC‐based estimation below 500 m but is significantly higher in the upper ocean. This discrepancy likely arises from differences in equilibrium timescales, the ratio of the anthropogenic δ13C/DIC change, and different influences by seasonal variability in the upper ocean. Nonetheless, the entire water column inventory changes based on both two methods show very close mean anthropogenic carbon uptake rates. Key Points: Anthropogenic carbon uptake rate estimated from δ13C matches with that from dissolved inorganic carbon except in the surface in the southeastern Atlantic OceanAnthropogenic carbon changes exhibit significant vertical variations depending on water masses and circulationAnthropogenic carbon increase rate during 2010–2020 has accelerated ∼19% from that during 1983/84–2010 in the study region [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (iNHG) at 2.73 Ma is associated with a reorganization of the subarctic Pacific Ocean and abrupt drop in opal mass accumulation rates. Uncertainty, however, remains around the extent to which these changes altered carbon dynamics and contributed to a reduction in atmospheric pCO2 and global temperatures. These issues are addressed here using the boron isotope (δ11B) proxy in diatom frustules to reconstruct past changes in the pH and pCO2 of ambient seawater. Diatom δ11B and [B] indicate a subarctic Pacific surface water increase of 0.3–0.5 pH units over the iNHG. This confirms that delivery of carbon and nutrients into surface waters was reduced at this time, explaining the drop in opal productivity and limiting CO2 outgassing from the ocean interior. We consider two hypotheses to explain this based on potential changes in circulation from the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene: "ventilation to stratification" or "stratification to ventilation." The ventilation to stratification hypothesis, which posits a switch from vigorous Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Pliocene to stratification over iNHG, has received more attention in the literature. The stratification to ventilation hypothesis, which posits a modest increase in ventilation, is more consistent with modern and late Pleistocene analogs, the majority of models and δ13C data. These late Pliocene changes in the subarctic Pacific, in conjunction with other external and internal processes including those in the Southern Ocean, would have contributed to a lowering of atmospheric pCO2 and the long‐term expansion of ice‐sheets across the Northern Hemisphere. Key Points: δ11B and [B] in diatom frustules reveal a surface water increase of 0.3–0.5 pH units in the subarctic Pacific Ocean over the iNHGThese changes would have lowered atmospheric pCO2 and contributed to the long‐term expansion of Northern Hemisphere ice‐sheets [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In‐stream biogeochemical processing, typically associated with base flow conditions, has recently been assessed at higher discharges, aided by high frequency monitoring. However, the potential for nutrient and carbon processing is still largely unknown in streams impacted by agriculture, representing major pathways for eutrophication and diffuse pollution. In this study, we measured solute concentrations and gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) to infer nitrate (NO3−) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) supply and demand across contrasting hydrological conditions. As expected, solute supply greatly surpassed in‐stream biological demand for both NO3− and DOC for intermediate to large discharges. However, during four consecutive weeks in summer, lowered NO3− supply and high metabolic activity led to a 60% and 31% reduction in stream NO3− and DOC export. We also compared metabolism‐discharge versus solute concentration‐discharge patterns during storm events to better understand biogeochemical responses to high flows. Metabolic rates showed a contrasting response to storm events: ER increased while GPP decreased following declines in NO3− concentrations. The positive correlation between GPP and NO3− concentrations suggests that GPP suppression can be partially attributed to decreased NO3− availability during storm events. This study supports the idea that agricultural streams have a limited capacity to biologically process DOC and NO3−. However, it also emphasizes that the balance between supply and demand can vary from severe saturation to limitation, depending on seasonal fluctuations in discharge and metabolic activity, highlighting the crucial role of mitigating pollution at its source during hydrologically active periods to improve water quality. Plain Language Summary: To understand the overall capacity for water‐living organisms to reduce downstream export of pollutants (i.e., nitrogen and carbon), it is necessary to measure biological uptake rates (demand) together with pollutant loads (supply) across seasons and varying stream flow. However, the role of biological nitrogen and carbon processing has been less explored in streams impacted by high nutrient inputs from agriculture, especially during higher flows. Based on 2‐year monitoring of an agricultural stream, we argue that biological demand plays only a minor and temporary role for reducing nitrogen and carbon exports in these systems, which occurred only during summer when stream flow decreased and biological activity peaked. Although storm events occurred in periods with overall low biological activity, stormflow peaks consistently increased productivity of in‐stream bacteria and invertebrates, but decreased productivity of plants and algae. This study supports the idea that biological organisms in agricultural streams have a limited capacity to reduce nitrogen and carbon exports. However, it also shows that biological nitrogen availability can vary from severe saturation to limitation, depending on seasonal differences in stream flow and biological activity. Key Points: Supply:demand ratios show that nitrate and dissolved organic carbon supply typically overwhelm biological demand in an agricultural streamEvidence for biological nitrate limitation occurred during summer low flow and metabolic peak, despite high nitrate loading on annual termStorm events consistently stimulated in‐stream ecosystem respiration but suppressed gross primary production [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wetland methane (CH4) fluxes are highly variable over spatial and temporal scales due to variations in CH4 production, oxidation, and transport. While some aspects of temporal variability in CH4 fluxes are well documented, diel variability is poorly constrained, and studies report conflicting findings, making it difficult to generalize. Topographic, geochemical, hydroclimatic, and vegetative variability can result in characteristically different "patches" that likely influence differences in diel patterns. We investigated diel patterns of CH4 fluxes from a large seasonal‐mineral soil wetland in Maryland (USA) across three functionally unique patches: two with vegetation (emergent and submerged aquatic vegetation) and one without (open water) during the summer of 2021. To explore the relationships between vegetation, environmental conditions, and flux patterns, we also measured physiochemical variables (air and water temperature, pH, relative humidity, PAR, dissolved oxygen, and water depth). To our knowledge, this is the first study comparing diel variability using chambers across such distinct vegetation patch types. We found that diel patterns were strongly linked to patch types: CH4 fluxes from the emergent vegetation did not display a consistent diel pattern, while fluxes from the submerged vegetation and no vegetation patches frequently peaked at 13:00 and 05:00, respectively. These differences could be a direct result of vegetation impact on production, oxidation, and/or transport of CH4 or on conditions covarying with patch type. This study contributes to the growing understanding of how CH4 fluxes vary spatially over diel cycles and emphasizes the importance of considering spatially varying diel patterns when estimating fluxes. Plain Language Summary: Methane (CH4) emissions from wetlands are known to vary over space and time, to be largely controlled by vegetation, and exhibit strong seasonal patterns. Yet daily patterns are not well characterized due to the limited number of studies and to difficulties in obtaining nighttime measurements. To address this, we investigated CH4 flux patterns over day and night cycles in patches characterized by emergent, submerged, or no vegetation in a temperate freshwater herbaceous wetland. We show that daily patterns of CH4 emissions are strongly linked to the type of vegetation present but the mechanistic influence of plants on production and consumption is unclear. This work contributes to the growing understanding of how CH4 varies within wetland landscapes over time. Key Points: Vegetation presence and type can control day and nighttime methane (CH4) fluxesPatterns in CH4 flux over diel cycles and across vegetation patch types vary such that a single daily measurement may not adequately capture variability of diel fluxesVegetation function that facilitates both production and oxidation of CH4 can lead to unpredictable diel patterns in CH4 flux [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine sediments bury ∼160 Tg of organic carbon (OC) annually and represent an essential component of the global carbon cycle. OC burial is inherently multifactorial; however, in the past decade, the role of iron in regulating OC burial via the formation of organo‐mineral associations, known as "rusty carbon sink," has been extensively studied. Despite widespread recognition, the origin of the OC preserved within these associations and the effect of the bottom‐water oxygenation on their stability are still debated. Here, we investigate the rusty carbon sink in sediments collected across transects from the head to mouth of three Swedish fjords presenting contrasting bottom‐water oxygenation regimes (the oxic Hake fjord, seasonally hypoxic Gullmar fjord, and anoxic By fjord). We found that the oxygenation regimes, the intensity of benthic iron cycling or the OC origin have little to no influence on the amount of OC bound to Fe (OC – Fe). The lack of correlation with any of the parameters studied, in combination with an increase in the OC – Fe in the fjords with riverine input suggest, at least partially, an allochthonous origin of these organo‐mineral associations. Our results also show that the rusty carbon sink plays a modest role in the OC burial in these fjords (∼6% OC is bound to Fe). While these fjords still represent important OC burial hotspots with an average of ∼35 g C m−2 buried annually, the OC burial is controlled by other sedimentary processes, such as the high mass accumulation rates found in these fjord systems. Plain Language Summary: Marine sediments are critical reservoirs of organic carbon playing a significant role regulating the Earth's climate. Numerous studies have examined how iron influences carbon storage through the formation of organo‐mineral associations, often referred to as the "rusty carbon sink." Ongoing debates still persist regarding the organic carbon source and the impact of the oxygen levels in bottom waters on the stability of these organo‐mineral associations. We investigate sediment samples from three distinct Swedish fjords, each characterized by different bottom waters oxygen concentrations. Surprisingly, our findings indicate that neither oxygen levels nor iron content significantly affected the carbon storage associated with iron. Additionally, the origin of the carbon did not play a major role in this process. Although only a small fraction of the total carbon content in these sediments is preserved by iron, the fjords remain crucial for carbon storage. Our results suggest that other factors, beyond oxygen and iron levels, may play a more significant role in the preservation and stability of organic carbon in these environments. Key Points: Low organic carbon‐iron (OC – Fe) associations in fjord sedimentsNo clear relation with the sedimentary dynamics, pre‐formed OC – Fe associations likely transported by rivers (at least partially)Fjords represent organic carbon hotspot, despite low rusty carbon sink [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A photoinduced Wolff rearrangement/chiral isothiourea catalyzed [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of pyrazolone derivatives and α‐diazoketones was developed, affording the corresponding dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazolone derivatives in moderate to good yields (50–94 %) with satisfactory to excellent diastereoselectivities (>20 : 1 dr, in almost all cases) and enantioselectivities of 31–99 %. This protocol features readily available substrates, mild reaction conditions, and effective construction of vicinal tertiary and quaternary carbon stereocenters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A lack of regulation around greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has led Australian companies to employ arbitrary targets for measuring GHG emissions reduction, which are not translating to the level of emissions reduction required to meet global targets. Despite the well accepted urgency of climate change action, there is a gap in literature with no studies discussing the effectiveness of the various targets for measuring GHG emissions to meet global emission reduction goal. Using correlation and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis, our study of Australian Stock Exchange listed companies shows that the targets suggested by Task Force on Climate‐related Financial Disclosure (TCFD) are the most closely associated with the required emissions reduction. The findings from this study advocate that organisations adopt TCFD recommendations for achieving optimal reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to meet the global targets. Our findings should inform policymakers and practice to align targets to the TCFD recommendations to meet the global emissions reduction commitments and mitigate the most severe impacts of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium‐based rechargeable dual‐ion batteries (DIBs) based on graphite anode‐cathode combinations have received much attention due to their high resource abundance and low cost. Currently, the practical realization of the batteries is hindered by easy oxidation of the electrolyte at the cathode interface, and solvent co‐intercalation at the anode‐electrolyte interface. Configuration of a “solvent‐in‐salt” electrolyte with a high concentration of Li salt is expected to stabilize the electrolyte chemistry versus both electrodes, yet inevitably reduces the mobility of the solvated working ions and increases the cost of the electrolyte. Herein, we propose to build a localized high‐concentration electrolyte by adding hydrofluoroether as the diluent to reduce the salt content while improving the solvation structure, allowing more anions to enter the inner solvation sheath. The new electrolyte helps to form uniform and thin interfaces, with elevated contents of inorganic fluorides, on both electrodes, which effectively suppress electrolyte oxidation at the cathode and optimize electrolyte‐electrode compatibility at the anode while facilitating charge transfer across the interface. Consequently, the DIBs with graphite as anode and cathode operate for 3000 cycles and retain a high‐capacity retention of 95.7 %, highlighting the importance of stable interfacial chemistry in boosting the electrochemical performance of DIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic organic electrochemistry is recognized as one of the most sustainable forms of redox chemistry that can enable a wide variety of useful transformations. In this study, readily prepared pyrolytic carbon electrodes are explored in several powerful rAP transformations as well as C−C and C−N bond forming reactions. Pyrolytic carbon provides an alternative to classic amorphous carbon‐based materials that are either expensive or ill‐suited to large‐scale flow reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic asymmetric dearomative arylation of 2‐naphthols enabled by the unconventional reactivity of o‐quinone diimides, i. e. the 1,4‐conjugate addition on quinone sp2 hybridized carbon, has been established. Under the catalysis of chiral phosphoric acid, various cyclohexaenones bearing an all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter have been prepared with excellent yields and enantioselectivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing the cost of PEM water electrolyzers is crucial for making green hydrogen economically viable achievable by cheaper catalysts as well as bipolar plates. This study demonstrates for the first time the use of uncoated carbon bipolar plates (C‐BPs) as an alternative to titanium bipolar plates (Ti‐BPs). The corrosion phenomena of C‐BPs versus Ti‐BPs are investigated through ex situ and in situ accelerated stress tests. The findings show that pH values, especially between 1 and 0, exponentially influence the corrosion current density of bipolar plates. Ex situ tests revealed significantly higher corrosion current densities for C‐BPs compared to Ti‐BPs (e.g., 170 times higher at pH 1 and 80 °C). Yet, tests applying C‐BPs in a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer operated for at least 567 h at alternating current densities of 1 and 3 A cm⁻2 with low degradation rates (16.41 µV h⁻¹ at 1 A cm⁻2 and 31.92 µV h⁻¹ at 3 A cm⁻2), comparable to Ti‐BPs. Contrary to general perceptions, C‐BPs are stable under application‐ready conditions and do not corrode as previously expected. This study highlights the potential of C‐BPs in electrolyzers, showcasing the potential to reduce the costs of the electrolyzers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the helical conformation of the main chain of syndiotactic poly(substituted methylene)s with 4‐cyanobiphenyl (CB) moieties incorporated at the ends of the alkyloxycarbonyl side chains. The polymers are designated as PCBn, where n is the number of methylene units in the spacer between the main chain and CB. PCB6 and PCB8 assemble the side chains into layers without positional order within the layers. Meanwhile, PCB10 and PCB12 assemble the side chains into layers with a short‐range positional order. Each CB moiety at a side chain end is bonded to a carbon atom, which is arranged along the helical main chain contour, and its position correlates with that of the carbon atom. As the temperature increases, PCB10 undergoes a phase transition, losing the positional order of the side chains within a layer, which alters the main chain conformation. Consequently, the positions of the side‐chain CB moieties affect the helical conformation of the main chain. In contrast, PCB12 maintains the main chain conformation when undergoing a phase transition similar to that of PCB10. PCB12 with the longer spacer allows the main chain to adopt a helix conformation, which is independent of the positions of side‐chain CB moieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous structured nanomaterials can be considered as a class of advanced materials that integrate multiple phases, different elements, or components into a single nanoscale structure. For such materials, the different phases, components and their interactions are highly variable and tunable, which open a new avenue for the creation of new materials with unique properties unattainable by the corresponding single‐phase materials. In this review, heterogeneous structured nanomaterials constructed by different carbon allotropes are focused. Due to the unique bonding ability of carbon element, the diverse heterogeneous structures constructed by carbon structures with different dimensions possess distinctive structures and exhibit fascinating properties, providing unprecedented opportunities for various application fields, including electronic/optoelectronic devices, superhard materials, etc. This review provides a systematic elaboration for carbon‐based heterogeneous structured nanomaterials, highlighting their dimension‐dependent structural diversity, unique properties, and application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]