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Quantum coherence by electronic quantum interference (QI) is significant to generate macroscopic photocurrent without heterostructures in both bulk and low‐dimensional materials. However, the coherent injection photocurrent by QI in low‐dimensional materials can be veiled by other linear or nonlinear optical effects. Herein, the coherent ultrafast injection photocurrent is investigated by coherent terahertz (THz) wave generation in multilayer rhenium disulfide (ReS2) at the nanometer scale under two‐color light excitation. It is observed that the THz radiation can be controlled by adjusting the relative phase between the two‐color lights under normal incidence. The experimental results demonstrate that the THz radiation of ReS2 is ascribed to the injection photocurrent from the electronic coherence of QI effect. However, the injection photocurrent is veiled by the nonlinear polarization, shift current, and drift current under oblique incidence. A method is proposed to isolate the pure injection photocurrent from these optical responses, based on the THz amplitude dependences on the pump power, incident polarization angle, and the relative phase between the two‐color lights. This work not only provides an all‐optical non‐contact method for understanding the quantum photocurrent in ReS2 but also promotes the quantum coherent control for solid‐state quantum devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neuropathic pain is a prevalent and highly debilitating condition that impacts millions of individuals globally. Neuroinflammation is considered a key factor in the development of neuropathic pain. Accumulating evidence suggests that protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) plays a crucial role in regulating neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, the specific involvement of PTP1B in neuropathic pain remains largely unknown. This study aims to examine the impact of PTP1B on neuropathic pain and unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms implicated. Methods: In the current study, we evaluated the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) of male rats following spared nerve injury (SNI) to assess the presence of neuropathic pain. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy techniques were employed. Results: Our results showed that SNI significantly elevated PTP1B levels, which was accompanied by an increase in the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers (BIP, p‐PERK, p‐IRE1α, and ATF6) and phosphorylated NF‐κB in the spinal dorsal horn. SNI‐induced mechanical allodynia was impaired by the treatment of intrathecal injection of PTP1B siRNA or PTP1B‐IN‐1, a specific inhibitor of PTP1B. Moreover, the intrathecal administration of PTP1B‐IN‐1 effectively suppressed the expression of ER stress markers (BIP, p‐PERK/p‐eIF2α, p‐IRE1α, and ATF6), leading to the inhibition of NF‐κB, microglia, and astrocytes activation, as well as a decrease in pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β. However, these effects were reversed by intrathecal administration of tunicamycin (Tm, an inducer of ER stress). Additionally, intrathecal administration of Tm in healthy rats resulted in the development of mechanical allodynia and the activation of NF‐κB‐mediated neuroinflammatory signaling. Conclusions: The upregulation of PTP1B induced by SNI facilitates the activation of NF‐κB and glial cells via ER stress in the spinal dorsal horn. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, thereby contributing to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Therefore, targeting PTP1B could be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neuropathic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the interest in "natural" and "safe" products grows, the use of natural products instead of synthetic preservatives to combat food spoilage and poisoning caused by microorganisms during processing and storage has become a prioritized option. The present research evaluated the antibacterial activity of the Mentha longifolia L. essential oil (MLEO) against several pathogenic bacteria, and the mechanism of action against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Gas Chromatography Quadrupole Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry (GC‐Q‐TOF MS) analysis suggested that main components of MLEO were carvone (47.39%) and limonene (12.48%). The oil showed considerable antibacterial activity with MIC values of 0.394–1.576 mg/mL, and could be a promising bactericide. Non‐targeted metabolomics analysis based on GC‐Q‐TOF MS identified 66 different metabolites, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis of these metabolites revealed that MLEO achieves the effects by affecting amino acid metabolism in MRSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lavandula angustifolia (LA) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine commonly used as a folk medicine to treat brain diseases; in previous pharmacological studies, its water extract has been reported to have neuroprotective effects with the potential to be used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the material basis and the action mechanism of the effects were not clear. Hence, we have adopted a fast, low‐cost strategy to address this problem, through the following three processes: degreased lavender flower grains are extracted stepwise, main active sites are screened by zebrafish AD model, and key compounds and major pathways are identified using network pharmacology tools. The initial results show luteolin‐7‐glucoside, Apigenin‐7‐O‐glucoside, Salvianolic acid A and Rosmarinic acid can be used as the main active ingredient for lavender treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The major biological processes involved in these compounds include regulation of defense responses, decomposition of extracellular matrix, oxidative stress response, and peptidyl tyrosine phosphorylation. The most important metabolic pathways are cancer, IL‐17 signaling and age‐rage signaling indiabetic complications. Therefore, the strategies developed in this study are helpful to address the unclear material basis and mechanism of the effect of Chinese herbal medicine as well as form a bridge between traditional Chinese herbal medicine and modern medical language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The porous polymer matrix with good stability and confined microenvironment is considered as ideal support to stabilize isolated metal centers for catalysis. Herein, we report a "one‐pot" method to prepare a kind of palladium complexed with azo porous organic polymer nanospheres (Pd‐azo‐POPs). The method combines the synthesis of azo‐POPs with the reduction of the Pd ion, where azo serves as an anchoring group to limit the growth of Pd. The unique structure is conductive to the formation of a uniform active center and provides improved electron transfer. Pd‐azo‐POPs‐80 exhibits a high catalytic activity and cycling stability both in 4‐nitrophenol reduction and Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling. The knor for the 4‐nitrophenol reduction was 174.7 min−1 mM−1 and the conversion remains above 90% after 6 cycles. Meanwhile, the yield was still up to 94.5% after 5 cycles for the Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reaction of benzene derivatives with I/Br under mild conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanostructured hybrid metal sulfides have attracted intensive attention due to their fascinating properties that are unattainable by the single‐phased counterpart. Herein, we report an efficient approach to construct cobalt sulfide/molybdenum disulfide (Co9S8/MoS2) wrapped with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The unique structures constructed by ultrathin nanosheets and synergetic effects benefitting from bimetallic sulfides provide improved lithium ions reaction kinetics, and they retain good structural integrity. Interestingly, the conductive rGO can facilitate electron transfer, increase the electronic conductivity and accommodate the strain during cycling. When evaluated as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), the resultant reduced graphene oxide‐coated cobalt sulfide/molybdenum disulfide (Co9S8/MoS2@rGO) nanotubes deliver high specific capacities of 1140, 948, 897, 852, 820, 798 and 784 mAh g−1 at the various discharging current densities of 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 A g−1, respectively. In addition, they can maintain an excellent cycle stability with a discharge capacity of 807 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 after 70 cycles, 787 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 180 cycles and 541 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 200 cycles. The proposed method may offer fundamental understanding for the rational design of other hybrid functional composites with high Li‐storage properties. A hollow character: Hollow Co9S8/MoS2 nanotubes that are anchored in rGO nanosheets were fabricated by a controllable process, which could deliver superior lithium storage performance in terms of high reversible capacity, stable cycling and good rate performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of highly efficient catalysts for the selective oxidation of styrene to benzaldehyde has attracted great attention in recent years because of its significance in synthetic chemistry. In this study, two different kinds of copper-based metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), namely, CuO and CuO/Co3O4 NPs, were synthesized by a simple and scalable method, and these nanoparticles demonstrated efficient catalytic abilities for the selective oxidation of styrene and its derivatives to the corresponding aldehydes in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) under mild reaction conditions in excellent yields. Importantly, both of the heterogeneous catalysts can be recycled up to five runs while still maintaining their high catalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is one of the most promising platform molecules, and can be converted into a variety of interesting chemicals. The production of HMF is essentially targeted at bulk chemicals downstream, such as chemicals for the fuels and plastics industries. One critical challenge in HMF production processes is the link to further value-adding reactions in a simple and efficient way (e.g., fewer isolation and purification steps). Herein, a novel poly-benzyl ammonium chloride (PBnNH3Cl) resin is developed as a highly efficient and stable catalyst for dehydration of carbohydrates into HMF. In the isopropanol system, PBnNH3Cl produces high purity HMF that is suitable as feedstock for oxidation to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). The excellent catalytic properties together with its easy synthesis, low cost, and nontoxic nature make this poly-ammonium resin a promising catalyst for the development of new and efficient processes for biomass-based chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A little pressure for a lot of gain: An efficient method has been developed for the controlled hydrogenation of phenol using a platinum nanowire catalyst under mild conditions (>98.4 %, 1 atm H2, 60 °C). The catalyst also exhibited high levels of activity and selectivity towards other selected aromatic compounds bearing a variety of different substituents, demonstrating its generality towards the hydrogenation of aromatic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the wire and back again: The reversible hydrogenation–oxidative dehydrogenation of quinolines is reported by using Pt nanowire (NW) as the catalyst under mild reaction conditions. Pt NW shows high activity and selectivity in the hydrogenation of quinolines under H2 pressure (1 bar=100 kPa), and these hydrogenation products can be easily oxidized under the same conditions in an atmosphere of oxygen (1 bar) or in air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents chemical equations related to the article "Palladium Catalyzed Direct Benzylation/Allylation of Malonates with Alcohols - in situ C-O Bond Activation" by Xueqin Cao and others, published in the journal "Green Chemistry" in 2016.