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Background: Brachytherapy (BT) treatments involving temporary high‐dose rate (HDR) sources are extensively employed in clinical practice. Ensuring the consistency of all measurement equipment at the hospital level is crucial, requiring a robust redundancy and consistency program. This enables the institution to verify the stability of the dosimetry system over time. Purpose: To describe, justify, and analyze a component of the redundancy program of the calibration protocols followed by the Radiotherapy Department of the Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe (València, Spain) during the last 10 years for the case of HDR BT as an additional component to ensure long term stability of the measurement equipment. Methods: At the time the HDR BT source is replaced, its Air Kerma Strength (SK) is measured. By comparing this value with the one obtained at the time of installation (corrected by decay), a clear determination of the stability of the measurement equipment can be performed. Results: Difference between SK,vendor and SK,hosp as a function of the measurement date is reported for a 10 years' period. All measurements are well within the ±3% tolerance level recommended in current international guidelines. Percentage differences of SK,hosp values at the time of replacement compared to SK,hosp ones at the time when the source was installed are within the ±0.5% range, reflecting oscillations around a null deviation. Conclusions: The method proposed allows any hospital to ensure a redundancy component of the long‐term stability of all equipment involved in BT measurements in a very simple and time efficient manner. Additionally, it enables the hospital to maintain a detailed log of historical differences, facilitating the identification and correction of potential systematic deviations over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary The aim of this study was to estimate the temporal trends in adherence rates to the physical activity (PA) guidelines for aerobic and muscle‐strengthening activities (MSA) among United States (US) adults with obesity. We retrieved data from 22 consecutive rounds of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) conducted between 1997 and 2018. Meeting with the PA guidelines recommended by the World Health Organization was determined as follows: individuals achieving ≥150 weekly minutes of moderate physical activity (MPA), ≥75 weekly minutes of vigorous physical activity (VPA), and ≥2 weekly MSA training sessions. The prevalence of meeting PA guidelines increased from 9.4% in 1997 to 15.0% in 2018, although less than 2 in 10 adults with obesity met the guidelines throughout the study period. Overall, compared to females, males with obesity were more likely to adhere to PA recommendations (odds ratio (OR) = 2.03 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.94 to 2.12]). Also, each age year significantly reduced the odds of adhering to PA recommendations overall (OR = 0.97 [95% CI, 0.97 to 0.98]). Compared with their White counterparts, Black and other races people with obesity have higher significant odds of adhering to PA recommendations with, respectively, OR = 1.18 (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.24) and OR = 1.30 (95% CI, 1.18 to 1.43). In representative samples of adults with obesity from the US, there was an increasing trend for meeting PA guidelines, although only less than 2 in 10 met them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The worldwide prevalence of diabetes is increasing, particularly among older adults. Understanding the association between muscle strength and mortality in this population is crucial for developing targeted exercise recommendations. Objectives: To assess the prospective association of muscle strength with mortality in older adults with diabetes. Methods: From the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) study, spanning 28 countries, we included 16 149 diabetic adults aged 50 years and older (mean age 68.2 [standard deviation, SD, 9.2] years). Participants fulfilled two criteria: (1) diabetes diagnosis (ever) and (2) current use of diabetes medication. Muscle strength was assessed using handgrip dynamometry (unit: kg). Using time‐varying Cox regression with restricted cubic splines, we determined the prospective association of muscle strength with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality, controlling for various confounders. Results: Over a mean follow‐up of 5.9 years (SD 3.8), 2754 participants died (17%). Using the median level of muscle strength as reference (30 kg), lower and higher levels were associated in a curvilinear fashion with higher and lower all‐cause mortality risk, respectively. The 10th percentile of muscle strength (17 kg) showed a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.65 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53–1.79). The 90th percentile (47 kg) of muscle strength showed a HR of 0.55 (95% CI 0.49–0.63). A somewhat similar pattern, with varying strength of associations, was seen for mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory disease, severe infectious disease, digestive system disease and cancer. Conclusion: Muscle strength is gradually and inversely associated with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality risk in older adults with diabetes. As muscle strength is highly adaptable to resistance training at all ages, the present findings highlight the importance of improving muscle strength in older adults with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: No previous studies have implemented a standard blood flow restriction (BFR) training session in people with severe haemophilia (PwH), where this type of training has been contraindicated. Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tolerability, adverse events, and neuromuscular and perceptual responses to an acute session of low load (LL) knee extensions with BFR in PwH under prophylaxis. Methods: Eight PwH performed one LL‐BFR session with 40% arterial occlusion pressure (AOP). Perceptual responses and adverse effects were assessed, together with high‐density surface electromyography of vastus medialis (VM) and lateralis (VL). Results: Significant normalized root mean square differences were found within each set, but not between sets. Spatial distribution (centroid displacement (p >.05), modified entropy (VM, set two, cycles three and five, p =.032) and coefficient of variation (VM, set two, cycles four and five lower than cycle three (p =.049; p =.036)) showed changes within each set. Median frequency showed a slight increase during cycle four of set four (p =.030). Rate of perceived exertion slightly increased with each set while tolerability slightly decreased in the last set and fear of training with BFR generally decreased after the session. Conclusions: In PwH, a LL‐BFR session at 40% AOP is safe and feasible. Our results suggest that potential muscle impairments may blunt neuromuscular adaptations induced by BFR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A range of novel BODIPY derivatives with a tripodal aromatic core was synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. These new fluorophores showed promising features as probes for in vitro assays in live cells and offer strategic routes for further functionalization towards hybrid nanomaterials. Incorporation of biotin tags facilitated proof‐of‐concept access to targeted bioconjugates as molecular probes. Computational explorations using DFT and TD‐DFT calculations identified the most stable tripodal linker conformations and predicted their absorption and emission behavior. The uptake and speciation of these molecules in living prostate cancer cells was imaged by single‐ and two‐photon excitation techniques coupled with two‐photon fluorescence lifetime imaging (2P FLIM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nursing preceptors play a crucial role in supporting and educating clinical students. Understanding the perceptions and needs of nurse preceptors is essential to enhance their role as preceptors and to improve their teaching practices. This study aimed to explore preceptorship in diverse settings and specific contexts. Content analysis was performed to analyze open‐ended responses from a questionnaire based on nurses' perceptions of preceptorship with undergraduate nursing students. Data were collected from two university hospitals, with different healthcare provision levels. Of the 370 responses, 295 (96%) were those of women, and 34.5% were in the age group of 41‐50 years. Three main themes were identified: (1) the role of preceptorship as a key component in learning, (2) challenges in student preceptorship, and (3) personal recognition and compensation for teaching work. This study highlights the positive experiences and provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by nurse preceptors in their teaching roles, and emphasizes the need for institutional support and educational programs to enhance their teaching responsibilities. Improving communication and collaboration among stakeholders is crucial for improving learning outcomes and satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To develop a conceptual framework for nurses' protocol‐based care decision‐making. Design: Miles & Huberman's bottom‐up approach to developing conceptual frameworks was followed, using data collected from a multiple embedded case study examining protocol‐based decision‐making by nurses in three hospital wards within a university hospital in northern Spain. Methods: The qualitative data from the case study, obtained through documentary analysis, observations, and interviews, underwent a secondary analysis consisting of four steps: data reduction, data display, comparison, and drawing conclusions. Results: The framework for protocol‐based care decision‐making comprises four components: (1) protocol‐based care, as a balance between standardisation and individualised care, (2) the process, (3) the context, and (4) the elements of protocol‐based care decision‐making. These components and their relationship as a context‐dependent, linear, variable and multifactorial process, directly influenced by the perception of risk, are described and illustrated. Conclusions: This study provides a rigorous bottom‐up framework for nurses' protocol‐based care decision‐making. The framework could be a valuable resource for managers, clinical nurses, educators, and researchers to guide and evaluate nurses' decision‐making, leading to improved care quality and reduced variability in clinical practice. Furthermore, the framework lays a foundation for further research and practical applications. Impact: This study addressed the problem of understanding nurses' protocol‐based care decision‐making and the need for a specific conceptual framework. The main findings of the study contribute to the development of a rigorous bottom‐up framework comprising four components of protocol‐based care decision‐making. The framework has the potential to improve care quality, reduce variability, enhance patient safety, and increase healthcare efficiency by guiding nurses' decision‐making in various healthcare settings. No Patient or Public Contribution: Patient or public contribution was not applicable since the study focused on nurses' decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although resistance training is frequently prescribed for people with haemophilia (PWH), no previous meta‐analyses have quantified the effect of this intervention on muscle strength, nor the implications of the intervention's modality and duration. Aim: (1) To determine the effects of resistance training on muscle strength in adults with haemophilia; (2) To determine the most effective duration and modality among the exercise protocols. Methods: A systematic search from inception until 28 November 2023 was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL and CINAHL databases. We included randomised controlled trials or before‐after studies that involved resistance training without other physiotherapy co‐interventions. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were independently performed by two reviewers. Disagreements were resolved in consultation with a third author. The level of evidence was determined according to the GRADE methodology. Results: Seven studies were included. Measurements of knee extensor strength and elbow extensor strength were included in the meta‐analysis. Subgroup analysis showed significant effects for both elastic resistance protocols (SMD: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.02–1.07) and conventional training (isometric and weight‐based equipment) (SMD: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.50–1.25), demonstrating small and moderate effect sizes respectively. Additionally, both protocols of duration 5–7 weeks (SMD: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.63–1.69) as well as those of duration ≥8 weeks (SMD: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.20–0.94) showed a significant difference. Conclusion: Resistance training is effective in improving muscle strength of the knee and elbow extensors in PWH. Both elastic resistance and conventional training show benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extensive industrial use of organic dyes causes large amounts of these substances to arrive at water sources, so nowadays, organic compound removal from fresh water is a major concern. The use of photocatalysts is an interesting approach to solving this problem, with coordination compounds playing an outstanding role. We report the selective synthesis and characterization of three new dissymmetric bis(thiosemicarbazone) ligands and their nickel(II) and zinc(II) complexes, which have been fully characterized by several techniques. The photocatalytic activity of the six complexes for methyl orange degradation was also evaluated. All the complexes can degrade this organic dye, although the photoefficiency of the nickel compounds is, in general, higher than for the zinc ones, as the degradation is faster and they do not reach a plateau. Density functional theory calculations show a clear dependence of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap, as well as with the relative energies of these orbitals. On the other hand, the need for green fuels that do not produce the greenhouse effect is one of the major goals of modern life, and molecular hydrogen is one of the most promising ones. Considering the proven potential of bis(thiosemicarbazone) complexes to electrocatalyze H2 evolution recently reported in the literature, we also made some preliminary tests to investigate the potential of the nickel complexes to act as photocatalysts for water splitting. The results indicate that two of the complexes produce H2 in the conditions tested, so they could be used in the development of efficient photocatalytic systems for hydrogen evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a phytotoxic air pollutant adversely affecting plant growth. High O3 exposures are often concurrent with summer drought. The effects of both stresses on plants are complex, and their interactions are not yet well understood. Here, we investigate whether drought can mitigate the negative effects of O3 on plant physiology and growth based on a meta‐analysis. We found that drought mitigated the negative effects of O3 on plant photosynthesis, but the modification of the O3 effect on the whole‐plant biomass by drought was not significant. This is explained by a compensatory response of water‐deficient plants that leads to increased metabolic costs. Relative to water control condition, reduced water treatment decreased the effects of O3 on photosynthetic traits, and leaf and root biomass in deciduous broadleaf species, while all traits in evergreen coniferous species showed no significant response. This suggested that the mitigating effects of drought on the negative impacts of O3 on the deciduous broadleaf species were more extensive than on the evergreen coniferous ones. Therefore, to avoid over‐ or underestimations when assessing the impact of O3 on vegetation growth, soil moisture should be considered. These results contribute to a better understanding of terrestrial ecosystem responses under global change. Summary statement: Drought mitigated the negative effects of elevated O3 on some photosynthesis‐related parameters but not on the growth of the whole plant. The mitigation effects of drought on O3‐induced reductions in photosynthesis and biomass were greater in the deciduous species than in the evergreen species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: By 2050, the number of people aged 60 years and older will have doubled worldwide and the most common mental disorders in this age group are currently depressive symptoms and anxiety. This study aimed to analyze the Basic and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (BADLs and IADLs, respectively) in older adults; socio‐demographic, clinical, lifestyle, and environmental variables; and cognitive impairment related to the appearance of depressive symptoms and anxiety. Material and Methods: A cross‐sectional observational study was conducted with 327 participants aged ≥65 years in primary care. The variables were Yesavage's Geriatric Depression Scale, the Goldberg Anxiety Subscale, socio‐demographic, clinical, lifestyle, environmental variables, BADLs, IADLs, and the Spanish version of the Mini‐Mental State Examination. Results: An analysis of variance was carried out for the predictive multiple linear regression models. '≥ 1 chronic pathology' and 'low dependency' in BADL are negatively associated with anxiety, while 'physical activity' and 'low dependency' in BADL are associated with positive factors for depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Predictor variables could improve the early detection of anxiety and depressive symptoms by general practitioners and serve as a basis for future studies and personalised‐adapted cognitive stimulation programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) present muscular weakness and potential changes in the activation of the peroneus longus muscle, which likely explains the high recurrence of ankle sprains in this population. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the role of the peroneus longus activity in CAI, possibly due to the limited spatial resolution of the surface electromyography (sEMG) methods (i.e., bipolar sEMG). Recent studies employing high‐density sEMG (HD‐sEMG) have shown that the peroneus longus presents differences in regional activation, however, it is unknown whether this regional activation is maintained under pathological conditions such as CAI. This study aimed to compare the myoelectric activity, using HD‐sEMG, of each peroneus longus compartment (anterior and posterior) between individuals with and without CAI. Eighteen healthy individuals (No‐CAI group) and 18 individuals with CAI were recruited. In both groups, the center of mass (COM) and the sEMG amplitude at each compartment were recorded during ankle eversion at different force levels. For the posterior compartment, the sEMG amplitude of CAI group was significantly lower than the No‐CAI group (mean difference = 5.6% RMS; 95% CI = 3.4–7.6; p = 0.0001). In addition, it was observed a significant main effect for group (F1,32 = 9.608; p = 0.0040) with an anterior displacement of COM for the CAI group. These findings suggest that CAI alters the regional distribution of muscle activity of the peroneus longus during ankle eversion. In practice, altered regional activation may impact strengthening programs, prevention, and rehabilitation of CAI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Blood flow restriction (BFR) training could be a valuable treatment to induce exercise‐induced hypoalgesia (EIH) in patients with end‐stage knee osteoarthritis. However, the use of BFR in these patients is poorly explored and there is no evidence about the training dosage needed. Objective: To evaluate the effect of resistance training protocols with different occlusion levels of blood flow restriction (BFR) on EIH in patients with end‐stage knee osteoarthritis. Design: Crossover study. Setting: University physical exercise laboratory. Participant s : 26 adults with end‐stage knee osteoarthritis. Interventions: Patients performed four sets (30, 15, 15, and 15 repetitions) separated by 1‐minute rests of three protocols/sessions of low‐load (30% one‐repetition‐maximum) seated knee extensions with elastic bands and BFR: placebo (sham BFR), BFR at 40% arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) and BFR at 80% AOP. Main Outcome Measures: Pressure Pain Thresholds (PPT) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) collected before, immediately after session, and after 10 minutes. Results: No differences in EIH were found between the different levels of BFR. However, 80% AOP protocol worsened VAS scores immediately (mean difference [MD]: −21.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] −33.9 to −8.5) while improving PPT immediately (MD affected limb: −.6 [95% CI −1.1 to −.2]); contralateral: −.6 (95% CI −1.0 to −.2]) and at 10 minutes (MD affected limb: −.6 [95% CI) −1.2 to −.1]; contralateral: −.7 [95% CI −1.1 to −.2]; and forearm: −.5 [95% CI −.9 to −.05]) post‐exercise compared to baseline. Conclusions: There is no EIH difference after using different occlusion levels. EIH is modulated by pain‐related psychological constructs and self‐perceived health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large‐scale agricultural and tourism development are the main threats to biodiversity in south‐eastern Spain. Species with low dispersal abilities, such as some endemic insects from this region, are particularly vulnerable to fragmentation and loss of genetic and morphological diversity. Here, we studied the current and future threat of climate and land‐use change on the intraspecific diversity of one such group of endemics, the giant blister beetles of the Berberomeloe insignis species group.Using a phylogeographic approach and morphometrics, we identified intraspecific variation within the B. insignis species group. These data were coupled with ecological niche modelling (ENM) to determine the effect of agricultural and climate change on the connectivity across phylogroups.We identified a marked geographic structure within B. insignis, with the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of the two main mtDNA clades dating back to 2.1 Ma. Cyto‐nuclear discordances found across parapatric populations suggest past events of genetic introgression. B. insignis presents a head pattern that is geographically structured and mostly congruent with the four mitochondrial lineages. In contrast, diversification within Berberomeloe tenebrosus is more recent, dating back to less than 1 Ma. Future ENMs highlight the role of mountains as potential refugia under a climate warming scenario but predict extinctions in the lowlands.Based on our analyses, two lineages of B. insignis are threatened and should be urgently considered as independent conservation units, and their current geographic distribution areas protected to conserve, at the very least, a portion of the species' evolutionary heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High salinity decreases the productivity of crops worldwide. Pepper is particularly sensitive to high salt concentrations. Herein, we subjected three tolerant pepper accessions (C12, B14 and A25) to high sodium chloride concentration (70 mM NaCl). The aerial and root biomass, leaf and root osmotic potential (Ψπ), Na+, Cl−, K+ and proline concentrations and the relative expression of the putative genes CaSOS1, CaHKT1, three CaNHXs and CaP5CS were measured. Different salinity tolerance strategies depending on the pepper accession were identified. In C12, tolerance was attributed to the accumulation of Na+ in vacuoles and endosomes by the activation of vacuolar CaNHXs genes and the reduction in Ψπ; additionally, the activation of CaHKT1 and CaSOS1 in leaves and roots moved and accumulated Na+ ions in the xylem and xylem parenchyma cells (XPC) as well as expulsed it out of the root cells. A25 accession, on the contrary, was specialized in compartmentalizing Na+ ions in root and leaf vacuoles and root XPC by the up‐regulation of CaNHXs and CaHKT1, respectively, avoiding a toxic accumulation in leaves. Finally, B14 accession moved and accumulated Na+ in xylem and XPC, reducing its concentration in roots by the activation of CaSOS1 and CaHKT1. This study shade light on different tolerance mechanisms of pepper plants to overcome salt stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about gender differences in stiffness of forearm muscles during voluntary actions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of forearm rotation on flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) stiffness in men and women during submaximal handgrip contractions. During a single session, measurements were made on 20 young participants (9 females). Two positions of the forearm were compared in random order with the elbow flexed 90 degrees: (i) neutral position and (ii) maximal supination. In each position, participants performed two submaximal handgrip contractions at 25% and 50% of maximal voluntary contraction, while compressive stiffness was collected using a hand myometer (MyotonPRO). A mixed repeated measurement ANOVA was applied to assess the interaction between gender, forearm position, and contraction intensity. The FCU stiffness is affected by handgrip contraction intensity (p < 0.001), gender (p < 0.001), BMI (p = 0.009), and forearm rotation (p = 0.007). Only the gender factor was found to have significant interaction with forearm rotation (p = 0.037). Men's FCU was stiffer than women's in both positions and contraction intensities (p < 0.05). Only in men a significant increase in FCU stiffness was observed when comparing contraction intensities at both forearm positions (p < 0.05), as well as when the forearm was rotated from neutral to supine at both intensities (p < 0.05). In conclusion, FCU stiffness during handgrip contraction differed significantly between men and women. Women have fewer stiffness changes in FCU when performing different levels of handgrip contraction. We also observed that only men increased FCU stiffness by changing the forearm position from neutral to supine position for both handgrip intensities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of global amphibian declines has prompted extensive research over the last three decades. Initially, the focus was on identifying and characterizing the extent of the problem, but more recently efforts have shifted to evidence‐based research designed to identify best solutions and to improve conservation outcomes. Despite extensive accumulation of knowledge on amphibian declines, there remain knowledge gaps and disconnects between science and action that hamper our ability to advance conservation efforts. Using input from participants at the ninth World Congress of Herpetology, a U.S. Geological Survey Powell Center symposium, amphibian on‐line forums for discussion, the International Union for Conservation of Nature Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Gamete Biobanking group, and respondents to a survey, we developed a list of 25 priority research questions for amphibian conservation at this stage of the Anthropocene. We identified amphibian conservation research priorities while accounting for expected tradeoffs in geographic scope, costs, and the taxonomic breadth of research needs. We aimed to solicit views from individuals rather than organizations while acknowledging inequities in participation. Emerging research priorities (i.e., those under‐represented in recently published amphibian conservation literature) were identified, and included the effects of climate change, community‐level (rather than single species‐level) drivers of declines, methodological improvements for research and monitoring, genomics, and effects of land‐use change. Improved inclusion of under‐represented members of the amphibian conservation community was also identified as a priority. These research needs represent critical knowledge gaps for amphibian conservation although filling these gaps may not be necessary for many conservation actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People with haemophilia (PWH) tend to be less physically active than the general population, but there is a lack of research on the specific barriers and facilitators affecting their participation in physical activities. Objectives: This study aims to explore perceived barriers and facilitators to physical activity in severe PWH. Design: An explorative qualitative study based on focus groups. Methods: Four focus groups including 16 participants (severe haemophilia A patients) were conducted to examine the factors perceived as facilitators or barriers to haemophiliacs engaging in physical activity. One researcher conducted a thematic analysis of all data. Results: Three themes were identified: body function, personal factors, and environmental factors. Key facilitators identified were access to prophylaxis treatment to reduce the risk of bleeding(s), the enjoyability of physical activity, fitness and health motives, social interaction, support, and low cost. PWH faced additional barriers to being physically active including hurtful joints, mobility issues, haemophilic arthropathy, dislike or disinterest, lack of motivation, fear of injury, tiredness, lack of time, lack of guidance, negative social influence, restriction, and lack of coordination of prophylaxis treatment. Conclusion: This exploratory study demonstrated that participation in physical activity in PWH is influenced not only by their own abilities and attitudes, but also by external variables, including family, friends, healthcare professionals, structures, and communities. The results of this study may be used to assist caregivers and health professionals, inform programs, interventions, and policies to promote physical activity and health in severe PWH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the safety, feasibility, and neuromuscular activity of acute low‐load resistance exercise with/without blood flow restriction (BFR) in people with severe hemophilia (PwH). Methods: Eight PwH under prophylaxis (5 with resistance training experience) performed 6 randomly ordered conditions of 3 intensity‐matched knee extensions: no external load and no BFR, no external load and light BFR (20% of arterial occlusion pressure [AOP]), no external load and moderate BFR (40% AOP), external low load and no BFR, external low load with light BFR, and external low load with moderate BFR. Rated perceived exertion, pain, exercise tolerability, and adverse effects were assessed. Normalized root‐mean‐square (nRMS), nRMS spatial distribution, and muscle fiber‐conduction velocity (MFCV) were determined using high‐density surface electromyography for the vastus medialis and lateralis. Results: Exercises were tolerated, without pain increases or adverse events. Externally resisted conditions with/without BFR provided greater nRMS than nonexternally resisted conditions (p < 0.05). Spatial distribution and MFCV did not vary between conditions. Conclusions: In these patients, knee extensions with low external resistance and BFR at 20% or 40% AOP appear safe, feasible and do not cause acute/delayed pain. However, BFR during three consecutive repetitions does not increase nRMS nor changes nRMS spatial distribution or MFCV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sub‐Saharan Africa has increased its presence in GVCs but remains the least integrated area in the world. In this paper, we go a step further in the related literature and descend to firm‐level data. Thus, we identify the determinants and effects of GVC participation of manufacturing firms in the region. We use indicators of the extensive and intensive margins of participation and of backward and forward integration. We find that good infrastructure, quality of institutions and security to prevent crime are conducive to participation. In contrast, lack of access to finance, the existence of an informal sector or high trade costs discourage participation. Finally, participation in GVCs has positive effects on firm performance variables (innovation, productivity, wages and employment). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to estimate temporal and updated trends of occupational physical activity (OPA) among Spanish adult population during the period between 1987 and 2017. We used all available rounds of the Spanish National Health Survey (160,509 adults, mean age 44.6 years [SD 16.6], 50.3% women) and multivariate regressions to determine temporal trends of high OPA from 1987 to 2017 in the general working population of Spain. The highest OPA prevalence was observed for participants aged 31−49 years in the 2003 survey. The prevalence of high OPA was generally low, but increased slightly over time in the 18-30, 50-64, and 65-75 years old (p < 0.001 for trend). In contrast, a general reduction in OPA was observed in the 16-17 years old (p < 0.001 for trend). Men consistently showed higher OPA prevalence than women. This study reports an increase in OPA prevalence in Spain from 1987 to 2017, which is low and significant in most socio-demographic groups, but small in absolute terms. The youngest group had a marked decreased in OPA prevalence over the course of the study. Men consistently showed higher OPA prevalence than women, but differences have become smaller in recent years. Our results may assist in the establishment of interventional strategies and future policies among specific subgroups. Highlights There is an increase in OPA prevalence in Spain from 1987 to 2017. The youngest group had a marked decreased in OPA prevalence over the course of the study. Men consistently showed higher OPA prevalence than women, but differences have become smaller in recent years. Frequent national surveillance of OPA to monitor long-term development of the working environment should be mandatory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We model the incidence of the COVID‐19 disease during the first wave of the epidemic in Castilla‐Leon (Spain). Within‐province dynamics may be governed by a generalized logistic map, but this lacks of spatial structure. To couple the provinces, we relate the daily new infections through a density‐independent parameter that entails positive spatial correlation. Pointwise values of the input parameters are fitted by an optimization procedure. To accommodate the significant variability in the daily data, with abruptly increasing and decreasing magnitudes, a random noise is incorporated into the model, whose parameters are calibrated by maximum likelihood estimation. The calculated paths of the stochastic response and the probabilistic regions are in good agreement with the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although strength exercise is often prescribed for people with haemophilia (PWH), it remains unknown how exercise variables and pain thresholds are used to prescribe strength training in PWH. Aim: To analyse how strength exercise variables and pain thresholds have been used to prescribe strength training in PWH. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL and CINAHL databases from inception to 7 September 2022. Studies whose intervention included strengthening training in adults with haemophilia were included. Two independent reviewers were involved in study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Results: Eighteen studies were included. The least reported variables among the studies were: prophylactic factor coverage (11.1%), pain threshold/tolerability (5.6%), intensity (50%), total or partial range of motion (27.8%), time under tension (27.8%), attentional focus modality (0%), therapist experience in haemophilia (33.3%) and adherence assessment (50%). In contrast, weekly frequency (94.4%), duration (weeks) (100%), number of sets/repetitions (88.9%), repetitions to failure/not to failure (77.8%), types of contraction (77.8%), rest duration (55.6%), progression (55.6%), supervision (77.8%), exercise equipment (72.2%) and adverse event record (77.8%) had a higher percentage of reported (>50% of studies). Conclusion: Future research on strength training for PWH should improve information on pain threshold and other important variables such as prophylactic factor coverage, intensity, range of motion, time under tension, attentional focus modality, therapist experience in haemophilia and adherence assessment. This could improve clinical practice and comparison of different protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency (THD) is a rare genetic disorder leading to dopaminergic depletion and early‐onset Parkinsonism. Affected children present with either a severe form that does not respond to L‐Dopa treatment (THD‐B) or a milder L‐Dopa responsive form (THD‐A). We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from THD patients that were differentiated into dopaminergic neurons (DAn) and compared with control‐DAn from healthy individuals and gene‐corrected isogenic controls. Consistent with patients, THD iPSC‐DAn displayed lower levels of DA metabolites and reduced TH expression, when compared to controls. Moreover, THD iPSC‐DAn showed abnormal morphology, including reduced total neurite length and neurite arborization defects, which were not evident in DAn differentiated from control‐iPSC. Treatment of THD‐iPSC‐DAn with L‐Dopa rescued the neuronal defects and disease phenotype only in THDA‐DAn. Interestingly, L‐Dopa treatment at the stage of neuronal precursors could prevent the alterations in THDB‐iPSC‐DAn, thus suggesting the existence of a critical developmental window in THD. Our iPSC‐based model recapitulates THD disease phenotypes and response to treatment, representing a promising tool for investigating pathogenic mechanisms, drug screening, and personalized management. Synopsis: This is the first proof of principle that iPSC‐derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons from mild (THDA) and severe (THDB) patients reproduce distinct disease‐related features and reveal abnormal morphologies. The study highlights the importance of prenatal treatment with L‐Dopa in cases of THDB. THDA and THDB‐iPSCs produce fewer DA neurons than control‐iPSCs, as judged by reduced numbers of TH+ cell and TH protein expression.THDA and THDB‐iPSC‐derived DA neurons exhibit low intracellular DA levels and its metabolites and reduced expression of other DA markers, indicating impaired DA neuron function.DA neurons generated from both THD patient‐specific iPSCs show altered neuronal morphology (fewer and shorter neurites) compared to healthy controls.THDA neuronal defects can be recovered with L‐Dopa treatment.L‐Dopa added at an early stage of neural differentiation leads to prevention of neuronal defects in THDB cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since May 2022, an outbreak of Mpox in non‐endemic countries has become a potential public health threat. The objective of this rapid review was to examine the risk profile and modes of transmission of Mpox. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from inception through July 30 to collect case reports/series on patients with Mpox infection. For meta‐analysis, data on the total number of participants and deaths by binary categories of exposure (age, sex, country, other co‐infections or existing conditions, and mode of contagion) were used. A total of 62 studies (4659 cases) were included. Most cases came from Africa (84.3%), followed by Europe (13.9%). In 63.6% of the cases, the mode of contagion was human contact, while 22.8% of the cases were by animal contact, and 13.5% were unknown or not reported. The mortality rate was 6.5% throughout these studies. The risk of mortality was higher in the younger age group (risk difference: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.02–0.36), in cases with other co‐infections or current chronic conditions (risk difference: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.05) and in the category of low‐ and middle‐income countries (risk difference: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.05–0.08). There were no significant differences with respect to sex or mode of contagion. These results help to understand the major infection pathways and mortality risk profiles of Mpox and underscores the importance of preventing outbreaks in specific settings, especially in settings densely populated by children, such as day care centres and schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Aim: Strength exercise training is advised for people with hemophilia (PWH); however, few studies have been published and have methodological limitations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of progressive elastic resistance training on quality of life and perceived functional abilities in PWH. Methods: Participants were randomly allocated to the intervention (n = 10) or control (n = 10) group. The intervention group performed progressive moderate‐vigorous elastic resistance training (2 days/week, a total of 8 weeks), focusing on the muscles of the knee, elbow, and ankle joints. The control group continued its usual daily activities for 8 weeks. Quality of life (A36 Hemofilia‐QoL®) and perceived functional abilities (Haemophilia Activities List) were assessed at baseline and an 8‐week follow‐up. Results: The intervention group improved the quality‐of‐life dimension of joint damage perception in comparison to the control group (p =.015, large effect size). Regarding perceived functional abilities, the intervention group improved lying, sitting, kneeling, and standing (p =.006, small effect size), and complex lower extremities activities (i.e., walking short and long‐distance, and up‐down stairs) (p =.006, small effect size) compared to the control group. No other significant differences were observed. Conclusions: Eight weeks of progressive moderate‐vigorous elastic resistance training in PWH improve the quality‐of‐life dimension of joint damage perception and perceived functional abilities (lying/sitting/kneeling/standing, and complex lower extremities activities). Our results suggest a limited effect of the program on the other items of quality of life measured by the questionnaire as emotional functioning, mental health, and social relationships. Importantly, no serious adverse effects occurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A. Sahuquillo-Torralba, Dr. P. Coto-Segura, Dr. O. Baniandrés, Dr. R. Feltes, and Dr. M. Alsina contributed to data collection, discussed the results, and commented on the manuscript. Dr. S. Armesto, Dr. E. Herrera-Acosta, Dr. D. Vidal, Dr. E. Vilarrasa, Dr. R. Rivera, Dr. P. de la Cueva, Dr. I. Belinchón, Dr. G. Carretero, Dr. L. Rodríguez, Dr. [Extracted from the article]

We study the dynamics of abstract models for crime evolution. The population is divided into three compartments, taking into account the participation in crime and incarceration. Individuals transit between the three segments, assuming that having more contact with criminally active people increases one's risk of learning and acquiring the same traits; essentially, crime is regarded as a social epidemic. In the literature, there are several models of this type, based on spatial homogeneity and ordinary differential equations. However, these ideas have not been extended to account for spatial variability. Here, we achieve this target with discrete and continuous forms of space: patch and reaction–diffusion compartmental systems, respectively. We build the models and focus on the effect of the basic reproduction number on the long‐term dynamics of crime (persistence or disappearance). Several theoretical results are presented, which are supported by numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent findings in forests worldwide have demonstrated how directionality in the richness–abundance causality shifts along global climate gradients: The so‐called more‐species hypothesis (richness determines abundance) prevails in Earth's most productive climates, whereas the opposite, the so‐called more‐individuals hypothesis (abundance determines richness), is more likely to prevail in climatically harsh conditions. Since temporal variability is the norm, a critical question is whether this directionality shift is also a function of temporal climatic fluctuations locally. Here, we analyze whether directionality in the richness–abundance relationship is contingent on temporal variability over 10 annual consecutive realizations in ephemeral plant assemblages. Our results support the idea that the more‐species hypothesis prevailed in the most benign years, whereas the more‐individuals hypothesis did so during less productive years, which were significantly linked to the warmest years. These results support the idea that rising temperatures can reverse directionality in the richness–abundance relationship in these annual plant communities, and therefore, climate warming can have a significant effect on the relationship between diversity and ecosystem functions, such as productivity, by altering the prevalence of primary mechanisms involved in species assembly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to assess the long‐term effectiveness and safety of secukinumab in Spanish patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis in a daily practice setting. Nationwide multicenter, observational, retrospective, non‐interventional, single‐cohort study including patients who initiated treatment with secukinumab in daily clinical practice conditions. Subjects were followed for a minimum of 3 months and a maximum of 24 months. Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI), Body Surface Area and Physician's Global Assessments were collected at baseline and months 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 during treatment. Adverse events and reasons for secukinumab withdrawal were collected and classified for analyses. A total of 384 patients were enrolled in the study. Median PASI declined rapidly from 14.3 at baseline to 2.7 at month 3, 2.1 at month 12, and remained low (2.8) at month 24. Within the group of patients with PASI ≥10 at baseline (n = 278), 58.3%, 60.4% and 56.5% achieved a PASI90 response at months 3, 12 and 24, respectively. As for absolute PASI, 86.5%, 69.5%, 42.7% and 37% achieved PASI <5, < 3, < 1 and 0, respectively, at month 3. Secukinumab was more effective in biologic‐naïve patients and in those with lower Body Mass Index. Secukinumab presented a good long‐term safety profile. Secukinumab was effective and safe in a routine clinical setting, in a large cohort of patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis, in the short‐, medium‐ and long‐term (up to 24 months). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Integrating the family of patients with kidney failure on comprehensive conservative care could benefit patients, families, and the health care system. However, there is a knowledge gap in this phenomenon since no systematic review has focused on the families' needs who care for individuals with kidney failure on comprehensive conservative care. Objectives: To understand the primary needs of families who care for people with kidney failure on comprehensive conservative care. Method: A systematic literature review of qualitative studies, followed by a content analysis was carried out. PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases were used to search for articles published in English and Spanish between 2010 and 2021. The ENTREQ guideline was used for reporting. Results: Five relevant studies were included in this study. The analysis has allowed identifying key aspects of knowledge, psychological, social and spiritual needs of family members of patients with kidney failure on comprehensive conservative care. Conclusions: This systematic review has revealed that families experience a lack of information and continuity of care by health care professionals. Added to this is the psychological burden they bear due to the feeling of indefinite care in time and uncertainty about the death of their loved one. All this, without the necessary support from their immediate family environment and social institutions. In light of these data, a paradigm shift in society and the health care received by these families is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the available evidence on the effectiveness of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) in addition to first‐choice cancer treatment on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), quality of life (QoL), adherence, and adverse effects of HIIT in patients with cancer or cancer survivors. Methods: An umbrella review and meta‐meta‐analysis (MMA) was performed. A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science until August 2021. Article selection, quality assessment, and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. The MMA were performed with a random‐effects model and the summary statistics were presented in the form of forest plot with a weighted compilation of all standardized mean differences (SMD) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Seven systematic reviews were included. Regarding CRF, the addition of HIIT to cancer treatment showed statistically significant differences with a small clinical effect, compared with adding other treatments (SMD = 0.45; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.65). There was no significant difference when compared with adding moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT) (SMD = 0.23; 95% CI −0.04 to 0.50). QoL showed positive results although with some controversy. Adherence to HIIT intervention was high, ranging from 54% to 100%. Regarding adverse effects, most of the systematic reviews reported none, and in the cases in which they occurred, they were mild. Conclusion: In conjunction with first‐choice cancer treatment, HIIT has been shown to be an effective intervention in terms of CRF and QoL, as well as having optimal adherence rate. In addition, the implementation of HIIT in patients with cancer or cancer survivors is safe as it showed no or few adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Exercise capacity has been established as a protective factor against joint impairment in people with haemophilia (PWH). However, little is known about how exercise capacity is affected in PWH. Aim: To analyse exercise capacity, as assessed by standardised laboratory or field tests in PWH. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify manuscripts investigating physical capacity in PWH. An electronic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL and CINAHL was conducted from inception to 13 April, 2022. Two independent reviewers performed data extraction and assessed study quality using the critical appraisal tools of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: Nineteen studies with 825 patients were included. Most studies used the six‐min walk test (6MWT) or peak/maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). In children, the distance walked ranged from 274 ± 36.02 to 680 ± 100 m. In adults, the distance walked ranged from 457.5 ± 96.9 to 650.9 ± 180.3 m. VO2max ranged from 37 ± 8 to 47.42 ± 8.29 ml kg–1 min–1. Most studies reported lower values of exercise capacity compared to standardised values. Overall, the quality of the studies was moderate. Conclusion: Most of the studies showed that PWH have lower exercise capacity compared to reference values of 6MWT or VO2max. Based on these results, it is necessary to emphasise in both the promotion and the prescription of physical exercise in PWH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Monte Carlo (MC) simulation studies, aimed at evaluating the magnitude of tissue heterogeneity in 125I prostate permanent seed implant brachytherapy (BT), customarily use clinical post‐implant CT images to generate a virtual representation of a realistic patient model (virtual patient model). Metallic artifact reduction (MAR) techniques and tissue assignment schemes (TAS) are implemented on the post‐implant CT images to mollify metallic artifacts due to BT seeds and to assign tissue types to the voxels corresponding to the bright seed spots and streaking artifacts, respectively. The objective of this study is to assess the combined influence of MAR and TAS on MC absorbed dose calculations in post‐implant CT‐based phantoms. The virtual patient models used for 125I prostate implant MC absorbed dose calculations in this study are derived from the CT images of an external radiotherapy prostate patient without BT seeds and prostatic calcifications, thus averting the need to implement MAR and TAS. Methods: The geometry of the IsoSeed I25.S17plus source is validated by comparing the MC calculated results of the TG‐43 parameters for the line source approximation with the TG‐43U1S2 consensus data. Four MC absorbed dose calculations are performed in two virtual patient models using the egs_brachy MC code: (1) TG‐43‐based Dw,w‐TG43, (2) Dw,w‐MBDC that accounts for interseed scattering and attenuation (ISA), (3) Dm,m that examines ISA and tissue heterogeneity by scoring absorbed dose in tissue, and (4) Dw,m that unlike Dm,m scores absorbed dose in water. The MC absorbed doses (1) and (2) are simulated in a TG‐43 patient phantom derived by assigning the densities of every voxel to 1.00 g cm−3 (water), whereas MC absorbed doses (3) and (4) are scored in the TG‐186 patient phantom generated by mapping the mass density of each voxel to tissue according to a CT calibration curve. The MC absorbed doses calculated in this study are compared with VariSeed v8.0 calculated absorbed doses. To evaluate the dosimetric effect of MAR and TAS, the MC absorbed doses of this work (independent of MAR and TAS) are compared to the MC absorbed doses of different 125I source models from previous studies that were calculated with different MC codes using post‐implant CT‐based phantoms generated by implementing MAR and TAS on post‐implant CT images. Results: The very good agreement of TG‐43 parameters of this study and the published consensus data within 3% validates the geometry of the IsoSeed I25.S17plus source. For the clinical studies, the TG‐43‐based calculations show a D90 overestimation of more than 4% compared to the more realistic MC methods due to ISA and tissue composition. The results of this work generally show few discrepancies with the post‐implant CT‐based dosimetry studies with respect to the D90 absorbed dose metric parameter. These discrepancies are mainly Type B uncertainties due to the different 125I source models and MC codes. Conclusions: The implementation of MAR and TAS on post‐implant CT images have no dosimetric effect on the 125I prostate MC absorbed dose calculation in post‐implant CT‐based phantoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis is a chronic dermatological disease with great impact on patients' quality of life (QoL). The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of secukinumab treatment on different patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) during a long‐term follow‐up in Spanish patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis under real‐world conditions. Retrospective, observational, open‐label, nationwide multicenter cohort study that included patients who initiated treatment with secukinumab in daily clinical practice conditions. PROs assessing disease impact and QoL included Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Patient's Global Psoriasis Assessment, Itch Numerical Rating Scale and EuroQoL Thermometer Visual Analogue Scale. Outcomes, including PROs and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), were assessed at months 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 during treatment. A total of 238 patients were enrolled in the study. Patients had a mean DLQI score of 14.9 at baseline; 78.3%, 73.7%, and 71.7% of them achieved a DLQI 0/1 response at months 6, 12, and 24, respectively. DLQI score was lower in the long term for naïve patients. A sharp decrease in mean DLQI was observed during the first 3 months, reaching a plateau that was maintained until the end of follow‐up. Similar findings were observed for the rest of QoL assessments. There was a close association between improvement in QoL and skin clearance (PASI), which progressively increased during follow‐up. In this study, secukinumab sustainably improved patient's QoL during a 24‐month follow‐up, with strongest effects in patients naïve to biological therapies and with a direct correlation with PASI improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This work aims to simulate clustered DNA damage from ionizing radiation and estimate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for radionuclide (rBT)‐ and electronic (eBT)‐based surface brachytherapy through a hybrid Monte Carlo (MC) approach, using realistic models of the sources and applicators. Methods: Damage from ionizing radiation has been studied using the Monte Carlo Damage Simulation algorithm using as input the primary electron fluence simulated using a state‐of‐the‐art MC code, PENELOPE‐2018. Two 192Ir rBT applicators, Valencia and Leipzig, one 60Co source with a Freiburg Flap applicator (reference source), and two eBT systems, Esteya and INTRABEAM, have been included in this study implementing full realizations of their geometries as disclosed by the manufacturer. The role played by filtration and tube kilovoltage has also been addressed. Results: For rBT, an RBE value of about 1.01 has been found for the applicators and phantoms considered. In the case of eBT, RBE values for the Esteya system show an almost constant RBE value of about 1.06 for all depths and materials. For INTRABEAM, variations in the range of 1.12–1.06 are reported depending on phantom composition and depth. Modifications in the Esteya system, filtration, and tube kilovoltage give rise to variations in the same range. Conclusions: Current clinical practice does not incorporate biological effects in surface brachytherapy. Therefore, the same absorbed dose is administered to the patients independently on the particularities of the rBT or eBT system considered. The almost constant RBE values reported for rBT support that assumption regardless of the details of the patient geometry, the presence of a flattening filter in the applicator design, or even significant modifications in the photon energy spectra above 300 keV. That is not the case for eBT, where a clear dependence on the eBT system and the characteristics of the patient geometry are reported. A complete study specific for each eBT system, including detailed applicator characteristics (size, shape, filtering, among others) and common anatomical locations, should be performed before adopting an existing RBE value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Comparative phylogeography aims to unravel similarities in the population structure and evolutionary processes undergone by co‐distributed taxa, under the assumption that they will have experienced the same geoclimatic events. However, small differences in functional traits, particularly those related to dispersal abilities, may translate into incongruent evolutionary histories. Here, we used a sequence target multi‐locus approach to infer and compare the phylogeographical patterns of three sympatric mygalomorph spiders in the Argentinean Peripampasic orogenic arc. Location: The mountainous systems of central and northern Argentina. Taxon: Acanthogonatus centralis, Grammostola vachoni and Plesiopelma longisternale (Araneae: Mygalomorphae). Methods: We inferred mitochondrial gene trees (16S + L1 + nad1) and nuclear (ITS2) networks of three species of mygalomorph spiders from 159 individuals using Bayesian and Maximum likelihood approaches, and estimated divergence times in a Bayesian framework. Based on our time‐stamped gene trees, we reconstructed ancestral areas using the Bayesian Binary MCMC method. Results: Deeply divergent and highly geographically structured populations, isolated since the Late Miocene to mid Pliocene, were obtained in the pycnothelid Acanthogonatus centralis. Conversely, the theraphosids Plesiopelma longisternale and Grammostola vachoni showed slightly divergent and poorly geographically structured populations, tracing back to the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene. Main conclusions: We propose that differences in dispersion rates and time of colonization between the theraphosids and the pycnothelid species led to divergent lineage history despite common environmental conditions. We corroborate the key role played by the Plio‐Pleistocene geoclimatic events in shaping the present‐day diversity of mygalomorph spiders along the Peripampasic orogenic arc. Additionally, we uncovered potentially overlooked species diversity within G. vachoni. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an approach to a new method for the spatio‐temporal forecasting of hydrological variables in basins is proposed termed as CIHAM‐UC‐SPF‐HV. This was demonstrated using as hydrological variables to the precipitation and evaporation measured in 174 and 82 monitoring stations respectively, during period 1960–2000 located in the UTM zone 19 North of Venezuela and the indirect variable estimated by a water balance. This comprises the stages: 1) Collection of hydrological data, 2) Estimation of hydrological variable's spatial prediction, 3) Temporal forecasting of parameters derived from statistical spatial prediction model for hydrological variables, 4) Spatio‐Temporal forecasting of hydrological variables, and 5) Validation of the results in the forecasted hydrological variables. The main advantages are: 1) the combination of deterministic and spatially correlated random components, both of these supported by historical records associated to time series of hydrological variables, and 2) multiple mathematical structures contribute to predict the parameters of statistical spatial forecasting model of the hydrological variables, selecting that by which the seasonal pattern and trend to be the closest to the observed values. The method is suitable to reproduce the spatio‐temporal pattern between observed and forecasted values below two standard deviation of the mean values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to identify the most effective interventions to facilitate nurses' clinical leadership in the hospital setting. Background: There is a gap in the literature on the identification and measurement of effective interventions for leadership skill development among clinical nurses in hospitals. To the best of our knowledge, no systematic review has been performed on this issue. Evaluation: A systematic review was conducted. The PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases were reviewed. Data extraction, quality appraisal and narrative synthesis were conducted in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Key issues: The evidence reveals that interventions designed to promote nurses' clinical leadership are complex, requiring that cognitive, interpersonal and intrinsic competencies as well as psychological empowerment, emotional intelligence and critical reflexivity skills be addressed. Conclusions: The development of multicomponent, theory‐based and mixed‐format programmes may be more suitable to facilitate nurses' clinical leadership in the hospital setting. Implications for Nursing Management: Strategies to facilitate nurses' clinical leadership in the hospital setting should address simultaneously the knowledge and ability of bedsides nurses to solve the practical problem collaboratively with a sense of control, competency and autonomy. Hence, it would promote high quality care, satisfaction and retention of bedside nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]