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ABSTRACT Aim Location Time Period Methods Major Taxa Studies Results Main Conclusions Given that microbial communities normally comprise generalist and specialist species, there have been limited efforts to estimate the contribution of these sub‐communities to bacterial biogeography regarding ecological assembly processes and nestedness structure. To resolve this gap, we studied the spatial distribution of bacterioplankton communities and their generalist and specialist sub‐communities, as well as the underlying assembly processes.Six lakes span three climate zones in northern China.September 2021.By separately analysing the generalist and specialist sub‐communities from the whole communities, we investigated the relationships between sub‐communities and the entire communities in terms of distance‐decay pattern, nestedness, and assembly processes. As such, we assessed the contribution of generalist and specialist sub‐communities to the biogeographic patterns of the whole communities.Bacterial community.Generalist sub‐communities were more diverse but less abundant than specialist sub‐communities. In line with the whole communities, both types of sub‐communities exhibited distance‐decay relationships at the regional scale, with the slope of specialists being steeper than that of generalists. Additionally, generalist sub‐communities and whole communities also exhibited similar nestedness patterns, in which assemblages from saline water were the subset of those from freshwater. In terms of assembly processes, generalist sub‐communities and whole communities were strongly regulated by homogeneous selection, whereas specialist sub‐communities were mainly shaped by dispersal limitation. More importantly, there was a transition from stochastic to deterministic assembly processes for generalist sub‐communities and whole communities and generalist sub‐communities with increasing total dissolved solids.Relative to the specialists, the assembly processes and nestedness pattern were more altered if the generalists were absent, which implies the higher contribution of generalist sub‐communities on the biogeography of whole communities at the regional scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Behçet's syndrome (BS) is a variant vessel vasculitis that can involve multiple organs, with highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations. This study aims to analyze baseline data of BS patients to enhance the comprehension of its clinical features. Methods: This study included 1216 registered cases of BS patients referred to Huadong Hospital affiliated with Fudan University. Each patient was thoroughly assessed and recorded for demographic data, clinical manifestations, gastrointestinal endoscope, imaging, etc. Results: Significant gender differences were observed in clinical manifestations. Pseudofolliculitis (p <.001), uveitis (p =.003), vascular (p <.001), and cardiovascular involvement (p <.001) were significantly more prevalent in male BS patients, while genital ulcers (p =.011) and erythema nodosum (p =.009) were more common among the female. Furthermore, pseudofolliculitis (44.3%, 37.4% vs. 25.0%, p <.001), pathergy test positivity (37.0%, 24.5% vs. 12.6%, p <.001), and uveitis (18.8%, 18.4% vs. 11.2%, p <.001) showed higher incidence rates in the 16–35 years age group. Vascular involvement (11.1%, 18.0% vs. 15.8%, p <.001) notably increased in the 36–50 years age group. Additionally, the ISG diagnostic criteria were more likely to be met in the 16–35 age group (OR: 2.039, 95% CI: 1.581–2.631, p <.001), whereas the ICBD criteria were less likely to be met in the 16–35 age group (OR: 0.266, 95% CI: 0.150–0.474, p <.001). Conclusions: This study provided data on the baseline of clinical features of BS in a single center, BS patients presented significant heterogeneity, showing different manifestations across various genders and age groups. This diversity might contribute to a better understanding of BS clinical features and pave the way for future multi‐center studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought stress significantly challenges wheat production globally, and drought priming has emerged as an effective strategy to mitigate yield loss under drought stress events. However, the effect of drought priming on plant nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) remains insufficiently understood. This study investigates the effects of drought priming at the six‐leaf stage on NUE under drought stress during grain filling in four wheat varieties with distinct responses to drought priming. Our results indicate that there is no correlation between inherent drought tolerance and the effects of drought priming among the wheat varieties studied. In priming‐sensitive varieties, drought‐primed plants exhibited significant improvements in grain yield and NUE under drought stress compared to non‐primed plants. Conversely, priming‐insensitive varieties showed no significant differences in yield or NUE between primed and non‐primed plants under similar conditions. Notably, under drought stress, primed plants exhibited higher yield and NUE than non‐primed plants in drought priming positive variety, while the opposite trend was observed in drought priming negative response variety. The enhancement of NUE through drought priming was associated with improved nitrogen uptake efficiency and its allocation to spikes, with abscisic acid accumulation playing a pivotal role. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms by which drought priming enhances NUE under drought stress, contributing to the development of sustainable agricultural practices amid climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory signals from immunological cells may cause damage to intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), resulting in intestinal inflammation and tissue impairment. Interferon‐γ‐inducible protein 16 (IFI16) was reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of Behçet's syndrome (BS). This study aimed to investigate how inflammatory cytokines released by immunological cells and IFI16 participate in the pathogenesis of intestinal BS. RNA sequencing and real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) showed that the positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of intestinal BS patients may be related to the upregulation of polo like kinase 1 (PLK1) in PBMCs (P = 0.012). The plasma TNF‐α protein level in intestinal BS was significantly higher than in healthy controls (HCs; P = 0.009). PBMCs of intestinal BS patients and HCs were co‐cultured with human normal IECs (NCM460) to explore the interaction between immunological cells and IECs. Using IFI16 knockdown, PBMC‐NCM460 co‐culture, TNF‐α neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb), stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist 2′3′‐cGAMP, and the PLK1 inhibitor SBE 13 HCL, we found that PLK1 promotes the secretion of TNF‐α from PBMCs of intestinal BS patients, which causes overexpression of IFI16 and induces apoptosis of IECs via the STING–TBK1 pathway. The expressions of IFI16, TNF‐α, cleaved caspase 3, phosphorylated STING (pSTING) and phosphorylated tank binding kinase 1 (pTBK1) in the intestinal ulcer tissue of BS patients were significantly higher than that of HCs (all P < 0.05). PLK1 in PBMCs of intestinal BS patients increased TNF‐α secretion, inducing IEC apoptosis via activation of the IFI16–STING–TBK1 pathway. PLK1 and the IFI16–STING–TBK1 pathway may be new therapeutic targets for intestinal BS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a preventive maintenance decision model for electric vehicle charging stations based on mutation operators and lifecycle optimization to address the impact of potential faults on maintenance effectiveness. By introducing the particle swarm optimization algorithm with mutation operator, a comprehensive analysis of opportunity service age factor and safety failure probability factor was conducted to establish an indicator system for the operation status of charging piles, and a potential fault identification model was constructed. By optimizing the life cycle, the balance problem between optimal maintenance life and optimal opportunity maintenance life has been solved, thus completing preventive maintenance decisions. The experimental results show that the accuracy of this method in preventive maintenance decision‐making for electric vehicle charging piles can reach 98%, with an average preventive maintenance decision‐making time of 1.6 s for load piles. At the same time, the risk probability value and load loss value are effectively controlled. This study has good application prospects in improving the preventive maintenance effect of electric vehicle charging piles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a study that investigated the role of oxidative stress and related genes in the recurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC). The study identified 22 recurrence-related genes and categorized patients into two distinct subtypes based on their gene expression. Significant differences were observed in immune cell infiltration levels and recurrence between the subtypes. The study also analyzed the intratumoral microbiome and found that lower microbiome diversity was associated with patient recurrence. A 6-gene signature was developed to predict recurrence risk, and a nomogram was created to facilitate the prediction of CRC recurrence. The study provides insights into the potential clinical utility of oxidative stress-related genes in CRC recurrence. [Extracted from the article]

Electrically manipulating the magnetization of insulators presents exciting opportunities for fast and energy‐efficient spintronic devices. However, the existing approaches, which rely on spin‐orbit torque (SOT), invariably require an auxiliary field. Here field‐free current‐induced magnetization switching in perpendicularly magnetized Tm3Fe5O12 films is demonstrated. This is achieved through a magnetic hybrid structure, Tm3Fe5O12/Co40Fe40B20/Cu/SiO2, where the Cu layer acts as the source of orbital current, and the in‐plane magnetized Co40Fe40B20 layer functions as the converter of orbital‐to‐spin current. The interplay between the insulating and metallic magnetic layers not only yields a significant anomalous Hall signal for monitoring the Tm3Fe5O12 magnetization states, but also enables field‐free switching that is immune to the magnetic history of the structure. It also observes similar Tm3Fe5O12 switching in stacks with different spin/orbital current sources, with the SOT‐driven switching consuming substantially more power. This work establishes a pathway for achieving energetically efficient all‐electrical manipulation of insulator spins through orbital currents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perpendicularly magnetized ferrimagnetic insulators offer great potential for the development of fast and energy‐efficient spintronic devices. However, a major challenge for these devices is the requirement of an auxiliary magnetic field to achieve spin‐orbit torque (SOT)‐driven magnetization switching, along with the extremely small electric read‐out signal from the adjacent heavy metal layer. In this work, an approach by introducing an ultrathin Co layer primarily with in‐plane magnetization at the interface of the Tm3Fe5O12/Pt bilayers, which enables field‐free deterministic switching of the perpendicular Tm3Fe5O12 layer is demonstrated. Meanwhile, it is observed that a large anomalous Hall resistance readout signal from the coupling‐induced perpendicular component of the interfacial Co, which is nearly two orders of magnitude larger than that observed in Tm3Fe5O12/Pt bilayers. The crucial role played by the Co layer in modifying the SOT is elucidated. This research represents a significant step toward the practical implementation of ferrimagnetic insulator devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant tumour arising from the basal cells of the epidermis or follicular structures. The aetiology of BCC is a multifactorial combination of genotype, phenotype and environmental factors. The pathogenesis of BCC remains unclear, with diverse and complex signalling pathways involved. ARHGAP40 is a Rho GTPase‐activating protein (RhoGAP). Rho GTPases play a crucial role in the formation and progression of numerous cancers. The expression levels and roles of ARHGAP40 in BCC have not been explored. Here, ARHGAP40 expression was detected in a set of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples of basal cell carcinoma, paracancerous normal skin and benign skin lesions. The epigenetic mechanism that downregulates ARHGAP40 in basal cell carcinoma was investigated. We found that ARHGAP40 is expressed in normal basal cells and most benign skin lesions but lost in most basal cell carcinomas. We detected CpG island hypermethylation at the promoter‐associated region of ARHGAP40. Our data suggest that ARHGAP40 is downregulated in BCC due to hypermethylation. ARHGAP40 protein is a potential novel biomarker for distinguishing trichoblastoma from BCC. This report is preliminary, and extensive research into the role of ARHGAP40 in BCC carcinogenesis and its potential as a treatment target is required in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rewritable photonic crystal (PC) paper has the potential to significantly reduce the consumption of forest resources in the printing industry, while also being environmentally friendly and efficient. However, traditional PC papers based on solvent or photothermal responses can lead to diffusion, which can hinder printing accuracy. In this study, a novel rewritable PC paper compatible with pin‐printing is presented based on a pressure‐responsive shape‐memory PC paper. High‐resolution printing can be realized by both computer‐programmed 3D‐printed seals and pin‐printing techniques. The information written on this PC rewritable paper can be erased by water, enabling the paper to be rewritten and reused at least 8 times without any change in performance. Furthermore, the information stored on the PC paper is stable and can be stored in ordinary environments for at least 6 months without fading. The PC paper has the capability of multicolor printing with a precision finer than 100 μm and has potential in office papers, smart price tags, and anti‐counterfeiting labels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pressed sleeve connection is a new type of connection technique reported in China recently. To explore the possibility of combining the advantages of pressed sleeve connections and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) in precast concrete, the seismic performance of precast shear walls with pressed sleeves and recycled fine aggregate (RFA) concrete was investigated through a thorough experimental programme. A total of seven precast shear wall specimens and one cast‐in‐situ specimen were fabricated and tested under lateral cyclic loading, considering the effects of the aspect ratio, the axial compression ratio, and the RFA content. The failure modes, hysteretic behavior, bearing capacity, energy dissipation, stiffness and shear distortion of the specimens, as well as the strains of the steels, were reported and discussed. The test results demonstrated that the pressed sleeve connections were capable of transmitting both tensile and compressive forces between reinforcements, and the precast shear walls with pressed sleeve connections exhibited the same hysteresis behavior, strengths, ductility coefficient and energy dissipation capacity as the cast‐in‐situ counterpart. Moreover, the seismic behavior of the precast specimens with the RFA content of 30% was almost the same as those with natural aggregate concrete (NAC). The increase in the axial compression ratio and aspect ratio led to higher peak loads of the precast shear walls. Finally, existing design methods of ordinary reinforced concrete shear walls were evaluated for their application to the design of precast RFA concrete shear walls with pressed sleeves. Overall, the evaluation results revealed that the examined design methods offer generally accurate strength predictions for the proposed shear walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, as the vivid visual enjoyment requiring in mobile display devices exploding everywhere, enormous bandwidth pressure lands in all high-speed digital transmission interfaces, such as HDMI, MIPI, DP, eDP etc. A low latency in pixels' time, flexible implementation for circuits, and high performance in visual quality video stream encoder and decoder (FHP-Codec) is proposed to relax the stress. The image structural features are analyzed, which directs an accurate 1D or 2D prediction reducing the redundancy utmost compared with DSC by 10~20% benefit in entropy, without obvious increments in circuit area and power consumption. According to the benchmark in Kodak image suite, FHP-Codec shows a considerable cost-performance ratio for display driver application fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mura artifacts reduction (De‐Mura) processing, with a high performance for low grayscales, is developed and integrated in display drivers for active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) display. The proposed De‐Mura processing, designed to compensate an AMOLED panel's luminance Mura (L‐Mura) and color Mura (C‐Mura), shows excellent display performance, and the major display properties include a diminished luminance non‐uniformity under low grayscales (<= Gray 16) and low luminous brightness (<= 2 cd/m 2), and an improved visually imperceptible color non‐uniformity. Our works reveals an effective solution to work around the inevitable difficulties of optical measurement of AMOLED panels under low luminous brightness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

T lymphocytes are the major components of adaptive immunity in Behçet's syndrome (BS) pathology. However, the precise mechanism of T‐cell‐induced inflammatory condition remains to be determined. We applied bulk sequencing of the T‐cell receptor (TCR) β chain in peripheral blood samples from 45 patients with BS and 10 healthy donors as controls. TCR repertoires in BS patients displayed more clonality and less diversity than in healthy donors. Male patients exhibited lower diversity metrics of TCR and had a larger proportion in the top 10 clones than females (p = 0.016). There were no TCR clonality differences in other clinical features, such as age, disease duration, organ involvement, disease severity, and activity. By "Grouping of Lymphocyte Interactions by Paratope Hotspots" (GLIPH2) for antigen prediction, we found distinct 2477 clusters of TCR‐β sequences that potentially recognize similar antigens shared between BS patients. We observed clonal T‐cell expansion in BS patients. Sexual differences in TCR clonal expansion and public TCR groups deserve further study to reveal the underline T‐cell‐mediated immunity in BS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cluster of Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) cases was reported in Zhejiang Province, China, 2019. This study evaluates the extent of the outbreak and determines the source of infection. Real‐time PCR and sequencing of the ompA gene of C. psittaci were performed to identify the cases, the domesticated poultry and close contacts. The index patient was a 76‐year‐old woman with chronic vertigo, and Case 2 was a 64‐year‐old female farmer with herpes zoster. Both women bought psittaci‐infected chickens or ducks from the same mobile street vendor and raised them for 10 days and 23 days before fever onset. There were no direct contact between the two women. C. psittaci test was positive for the two patients, one sick chicken, three healthy ducks and the vendor's chicken cage. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all seven C. psittaci positive samples carried identical ompA genotype A of C. psittaci. Of all of the patients' 148 close contacts, none tested positive for C. psittaci, or developed acute respiratory symptoms. Both patients were discharged after a 4‐week hospital stay. In conclusion, the source of this cluster was the poultry infected with C. psittaci, which occasionally cause infections in farmers, but inter‐human transmission seems unlikely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2019, an outbreak of pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF) occurred at a swimming center in Zhejiang Province, China. A total of 97 (13.55%) of the 716 amateur swimmers had illnesses, with 24 patients (24.74%) hospitalized in the pediatric ward. Human adenovirus serotype 7 (HAdV‐7) was isolated from one concentrated water from the swimming pool, and 20 of 97 positive cases without liver damage. This outbreak led to a nosocomial outbreak in the pediatric ward, in which 1 nurse had a fever and was confirmed to be adenovirus positive. The hexon, fiber, and penton genes from 20 outbreak cases, 1 water sample, and 1 nurse had 100% homology. Furthermore, 2 cases admitted to the pediatric ward, 2 parents, and 1 doctor were confirmed to be human coronaviruses (HCoV‐229E) positive. Finally, all outbreak cases had fully recovered, regardless of a single infection (adenovirus or HCoV‐229E) or coinfection of these two viruses simultaneously. Thus, PCF and acute respiratory disease outbreaks in Zhejiang were caused by the completely homologous type 7 adenovirus and HCoV‐229E, respectively. The swimming pool water contaminated with HAdV‐7 was most likely the source of the PCF outbreak, whereas nosocomial transmission might be the source of HCoV‐229E outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as an inflammatory respiratory system disease is caused by exposure to cigarette smoke and tobacco in long‐term. Some anti‐inflammatory peptides can control inflammation in COPD. N‐acetyl‐seryl‐aspartyl‐proline (Ac‐SDKP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) as peptide have anti‐inflammatory effect, and, in this study, the effect of Ac‐SDKP and VIP on COPD inflammation was studied. After producing cigarette smoke‐induced COPD mice model, which were treated with VIP and Ac‐SDKP, the levels of antioxidant‐related factors (malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)), fibrotic factors (hydroxyproline (HP) and TGF‐β), pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6), and inflammation in histopathological examination were studied. MDA, Remodeling factors, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and inflammation in lung tissue were controlled by VIP and Ac‐SDKP treatment. These treatments could enhance SOD. VIP and Ac‐SDKP as immuno‐regulatory factors had benefit effect in treatment of COPD. The anti‐inflammatory, anti‐fibrosis, and anti‐oxidant properties of VIP and Ac‐SDKP may be effective therapy in COPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The osteo‐metabolic changes in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients are intricate and have not been fully revealed. It is not clear whether glucagon is entirely harmful in the pathogenesis of diabetes or a possible endocrine counter‐regulation mechanism to reverse some abnormal bone metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the association between glucagon and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in T2D patients. Methods: A total of 3984 T2D participants were involved in a cross‐sectional study in Shanghai, China. Serum glucagon was measured to elucidate its associations with intact N‐terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP), osteocalcin (OC), and β‐C‐terminal telopeptide (β‐CTX). Glucagon was detected with a radioimmunoassay. Propeptide of type I collagen, OC, and β‐CTX were detected using chemiluminescence. The diagnosis of T2D was based on American Diabetes Association criteria. Results: The concentration of glucagon was positively correlated with two BTMs [OC–β: 0.034, 95% CI: 0.004, 0.051, p = 0.024; CTX–β: 0.035, 95% CI: 0.004, 0.062, p = 0.024]. The result of P1NP was [P1NP–regression coefficient (β): 0.027, 95% CI: −0.003, 0.049, p = 0.083]. In the glucagon tertiles, P for trend of the BTMs is [P1NP: 0.031; OC: 0.038; CTX: 0.020], respectively. Conclusions: Glucagon had a positive effect on bone metabolism. The concentrations of the three BTMs increased as glucagon concentrations rose. This implied that glucagon might speed up skeletal remodelling, accelerate osteogenesis, and promote the formation of mature bone tissue. At the same time, the osteoclastic process was also accelerated, providing raw materials for osteogenesis to preserve the dynamic balance. In view of the successful use of single‐molecule as well as dual/triple agonists, it would be feasible to develop a preparation that would reduce osteoporosis in diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Priming is a potential way to enhance stress tolerance in plants. Winter wheat adaptation to harsh environmental conditions is a prominent global predicament. To enhance the productivity and its tolerance to rapidly changing world's environment, wheat plants were subjected to different heat priming events at early growth stages, which effects were studied on subsequent heat stress at booting and flowering stages. The study aimed to observe the major changes in photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant enzymes system, and sugar metabolism in leaves during wheat adaptation to heat stress applied at booting and flowering stages after heat priming at early growth stage. Heat stress mostly affected the plant's development with a significant reduction in yield, yield components, biomass, osmotic potential (OP), leaf relative water potential (LRWP), and plant photosystem. However, the concomitant increase of membrane injury index (MII), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enzymatic activities, and sugar metabolism in primed plants enabled winter wheat plants to tolerate heat stress more after low heat priming (LP) than moderate heat priming (MP). Furthermore, MP at early growth stages reduced the biomass, OP, LRWP, and photosynthetic system while the remarkable increase in sugar metabolism and enzymatic activities increased the ROS production, yield, and yield components under heat stress applied at booting stage. Similarly, LP successfully improved plant tolerance to heat stress applied at flowering stage. In conclusion, LP at early growth stage was beneficial to sustain to heat stress during flowering stage, while MP at early growth stage helped winter wheat to better adapt to heat stress at booting stage. These results encompass a novel research direction for the adaptation of winter wheat to harsh environmental conditions to reduce yield loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oxygen evolution reaction is of great significance to the production of hydrogen from high efficiency electrolytic water, hydrogen oxygen fuel cell and other energy conversion devices, but there are many challenges such as high cost, low efficiency and poor stability of catalysts. Among non‐precious metal catalysts, oxide has its unique advantages. We used overdoping strategy to prepare two‐phase oxide electrocatalyst SrCo0.9Fe0.05Mo0.35Ox (SCFM0.35) containing double perovskite and Co3O4 with excellent OER electrocatalytic activity and stability in alkaline solution. It required an overpotential of 361.7 mV to reach a 10 mA cm−2 current density and its performance only degrades by 3.48% after 1000 CV cycles accelerated stability tests, whose electrochemical performance is superior to that of single‐phase double perovskites and undoped perovskites. SrCo0.9Fe0.1O3 (SCF) ordinary perovskite is doped with slightly molybdenum (Mo), and then the ordinary perovskite turns into double perovskite because of the polyvalence characteristics of Mo. When Mo is overdoped, Co3O4 phase was precipitated while Mo entered perovskite phase. This process causes lattice distortion and makes the surface electronic structure benign changes. Furthermore, the microscopic morphology of the material surface and the valence state of cobalt element are changed, thereby improving the microenvironment of the electrochemical process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a new color space model for AMOLED display based on IR drop. This paper discusses the relationship between the color space and the IR drop of AMOLED display, then derives the corresponding color space model. Based on this model, the level of IR Drop can be adaptively adjusted to change the color space of the panel, to accurately display the brightness and chroma of target. In the experimental results, it is confirmed that the native color space of the panel can be auto tuned to less than 0.5 on average in CIEDE2000 for different target color spaces in different applications. In addition, a corresponding fast calibration method within 15 seconds has been developed to match with our driver chips, to be applied to individual panel correction and calibration requirements in a production line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pointing and dragging are fundamental actions by input devices when interacting with computer graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Cockpits on modern vehicles have been increasingly equipped with GUIs, enabling pointing and dragging tasks to be frequently performed under vibration conditions. However, factors influencing these fundamental actions under vibration conditions have not been fully explored. This study aimed to explore the effects of vibration, input devices, and target size on the performance and perceived workload in basic human–computer interaction tasks. Twenty‐seven participants completed an experiment where they were required to conduct two pointing tasks and one dragging‐and‐dropping task using four input devices (mouse, touchscreen, trackball, and remote hand‐controller) under static and three vibration conditions (lateral, fore‐and‐aft, and omnidirectional vibration) with two target sizes (small and large). The results indicated that vibration caused longer task completion time, higher error rates, and more workload in completing pointing and dragging tasks. Both target size and input device affected task performance in vibration environments. Highest workload was perceived when using remote hand‐controller, followed by trackballs under all vibration conditions; there was no significant difference between mouse and touchscreen, except in terms of physical demand. The findings suggest that practitioners should fully consider the joint effects of input device, target size, and vibration to counteract adverse influence of vibration and optimize user interface designs of human‐computer systems in vibration environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saxagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor widely used in patients with type 2 diabetes. It can increase the amount of insulin after meals and lower blood sugar. CYP450 3A4 (CYP3A4) can metabolize about 30%–40% of therapeutic drugs. Individual differences caused by CYP3A4 genetic polymorphisms can lead to treatment failure, unpredictable side effects, or severe drug toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the catalytic activities of 27 CYP3A4 variants on saxagliptin metabolism in vitro, which were identified in human CYP alleles. We successfully constructed 27 kinds of wild‐type and variant vectors of pFast‐dual‐OR‐3A4 by overlap extension PCR and prepared 27 kinds of CYP3A4 highly expressed cell microsomes by baculovirus insect cell expression system. The ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) was used to detect the concentrations of the metabolite of saxagliptin (5‐hydroxysaxagliptin) and the internal standard. Compared with the wild‐type CYP3A4.1, the intrinsic clearance values of most varieties decreased to 1.91%–77.08%. Most of these varieties showed a decrease in Vmax and an increase in Km values compared with wild type. We are the first to report the vitro metabolic data of 27 CYP3A4 variants of the metabolism of saxagliptin which can deepen our understanding of individualized drug use by combining previous studies about the effects of CYP3A4 variants of drug metabolism. With further in vivo studies, we hope it can guide individualized drug use in the clinic when the variants with low metabolic activity to saxagliptin were sequenced in the human body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SPINK6 was identified in human skin as a cellular inhibitor of serine proteases of the KLK family. Airway serine proteases are required to cleave hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A viruses (IAVs) to initiate an infection in the human airway. We hypothesized that SPINK6 may inhibit common airway serine proteases and restrict IAV activation. We demonstrate that SPINK6 specifically suppresses the proteolytic activity of HAT and KLK5, HAT‐ and KLK5‐mediated HA cleavage, and restricts virus maturation and replication. SPINK6 constrains the activation of progeny virions and impairs viral growth; and vice versa, blocking endogenous SPINK6 enhances HA cleavage and viral growth in physiological‐relevant human airway organoids where SPINK6 is intrinsically expressed. In IAV‐infected mice, SPINK6 significantly suppresses viral growth and improves mouse survival. Notably, individuals carrying the higher SPINK6 expression allele were protected from human H7N9 infection. Collectively, SPINK6 is a novel host inhibitor of serine proteases in the human airway and restricts IAV activation. Synopsis: Serine protease inhibitor Kazal‐type 6 (SPINK6) restricts influenza A virus (IAV) extracellular maturation via inhibiting proteolytic cleavage of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) by human airway trypsin‐like protease (HAT) and kallikrein 5 (KLK5). SPINK6 was identified as a novel host inhibitor of serine proteases in the human airway.SPINK6 restricts IAV activation and replication by inhibiting HA cleavage by HAT and KLK5.Endogenous SPINK6 blocks IAV maturation and viral growth in human airway organoids.SPINK6 ameliorates disease outcome in influenza virus‐infected mice.Higher SPINK6 expression allele protects individuals from human H7N9 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the World Health Organization (WHO) designated the omicron variant of concern (VOC) on the 26 November 2021, the extremely rapid spread of this variant is replacing the delta VOC with increased risk of vaccine-breakthrough infection in the South Africa, in European countries and in the United States.1 Both vaccine-induced neutralising antibodies (NAbs) and current NAbs in combination therapy have shown significantly reduced activities.2,3 Till now, it remains unclear whether vaccine-induced memory responses can be recalled by the omicron viral infection. These results demonstrated that although the omicron VOC evaded BNT162b2 vaccine-induced NAbs, the breakthrough infection could recall cross-reactive bNAbs generally against all current VOCs in both OP1 and OP2. Vaccine-breakthrough infection by the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant elicits broadly cross-reactive immune responses. [Extracted from the article]

Moisture content is an essential parameter in investigating the quality of agricultural products during drying. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of using laser light backscatter imaging (LLBI) to monitor the moisture content of mangoes at various stages of ripeness during drying. Backscattered images of mango slices were collected using laser diodes with different wavelengths (450, 520, and 635 nm) during drying. The effects of different drying temperatures (60°C, 70°C, and 80°C) and maturity levels (Ripeness 1, Ripeness 2, Ripeness 3) on the moisture content of mango slices were studied, and the backscattered images of mango slices were analyzed by Gaussian amplitude function. The results showed that drying temperatures and stage of ripeness had a significant effect on the drying characteristics of mango (p <.05). Increasing the drying temperature led to a considerable reduction in the moisture ratio, and increasing the maturity resulted in a considerable decrease in the total drying time. Additionally, there were differences in the laser transmission properties of the materials with varying levels of moisture. Variations in the structure of the tissue during the drying process may result in different degrees of backscattering. The model for predicting moisture content at 635 nm was the most accurate, with the maximum determination coefficient R2 of 0.9247, and the minimum root mean square error (RMSE) at this time is 0.0771. Therefore, this study has shown that LLBI can better predict the moisture content of mangoes with different maturity during drying. Practical Applications: Laser light backscatter imaging (LLBI) is widely used in agricultural products processing. Using LLBI to predict the moisture content of agricultural products during drying is a good method. It can predict the moisture content of agricultural products whose mature state is unknown, and at the same time express the physical characteristics of agricultural products and their interactions through mathematical models. Furthermore, this research provides ideas for the prediction of moisture content of other agricultural products and the improvement of the quality of dried agricultural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HLA‐C*03:597 differs from HLA‐C*03:03:01:01 by a single non‐synonymous nucleotide substitution in exon 5 (922 A>G). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐performance Mura artifact reduction (De‐Mura) processing is developed and integrated in display drivers for raising panel yield. The proposed De‐Mura processing, designed to compensate an active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) panel's luminance Mura (L‐Mura) and color Mura (C‐Mura), shows excellent display performance, and the major display properties include a diminished luminance nonuniformity from about 50% to about 10% under different gray levels, and an improved visually imperceptible color nonuniformity. Among 500 pieces of 5.83" (1128×2436, 460 PPI) retina AMOLED panels, panel yield is improved up to 96.8%. Our works reveals an effective external De‐Mura solution integrated in display drivers for panel factories and module suppliers to obtain high panel yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key to fully realizing the potential of high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) lies in balancing their inherent local chemical disordering with the long‐range ordering required for electrochemical applications. Herein, we synthesized a distinctive L10‐(PtIr)(FeMoBi) high‐entropy intermetallics (HEIs) exhibiting nanoscale long‐range order and atomic scale short‐range disorder via a lattice compensation strategy to mitigate the entropy reduction tendency. The (PtIr)(FeMoBi) catalyst exhibited remarkable activity and selectivity of glycollic acid (GA) production via electrocatalytic waste polymer‐derived ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR). With a mass activity of 5.2 A mgPt−1 and a Faradaic efficiency (FE) for GA of 95 %, it outperformed most previously reported electrocatalysts for selective GA production. The lattice‐compensation effect promotes the homogeneity of Pt and Fe actives sites, facilitating co‐adsorption of EG and OH and reducing the energy barriers for dehydrogenation and OH‐combination processes. This approach effectively avoids the formation of low‐active sites commonly encountered in HEA solid solutions, offering a promising avenue for exploring the complex interplay between catalytic activity and HEI structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most cancer‐related deaths result from the progressive growth of metastases. Patients with peritoneal metastatic (PM) colorectal cancer have reduced overall survival. Currently, it is still unclear why colorectal cancer (CRC) cells home to and proliferate inside the peritoneal cavity, and there is no effective consolidation therapy for improved survival. Using a proteomic approach, we found that key enzymes of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) were decreased in patients with PM colorectal cancer. Furthermore, we confirmed that carnitine palmitoyltransferase IA (CPT1A), a rate‐limiting enzyme of FAO, was expressed at significantly low levels in patients with PM colorectal cancer, as determined by RT‐qPCR, IHC, and GEO dataset analysis. However, lipidomics revealed no difference in FFA levels between PM and non‐PM primary tumors. Here, we showed that cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells via upregulating CPT1A to actively oxidize FAs and conduct minimal glycolysis. In addition, coculture‐induced glycolysis increased in cancer cells while fatty acid catabolism decreased with lower adiponectin levels. Importantly, inhibition of glycolysis significantly reduced the survival of CRC cells after incubation with conditioned medium from CAFsCPT1A‐OEin vitro and impaired the survival and growth of organoids derived from CRC‐PM. Finally, we found that directly blocking FAO in CAFsCPT1A‐OE with etomoxir inhibits migration and invasion in vitro and decreases tumor growth and intraperitoneal dissemination in vivo, revealing a role for CAF CPT1A in promoting tumor growth and invasion. In conclusion, our results suggest the possibility of testing FAO inhibition as a novel approach and clinical strategy against CAF‐induced colorectal cancer with peritoneal dissemination/metastases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The numerical investigation focused on the shear behavior of prestressed concrete (PC) beams with small rectangular openings, using the software ABAQUS. Three variables, including the prestressing force, the height of the opening and its length, were considered. The numerical results exhibited a good agreement with the previous experimental outcomes, and the parametric analysis was conducted to study the local internal force distribution of two chords during the loading process. The results indicate that for RC beams with openings, the shear proportion variation of the top chord is stable as the opening size changes, while it decreases almost linearly with the increase of prestressing force for PC beams with openings. The position of contraflexure point is found to be proportional to the root of the reinforcement ratio of the chord, and it moves towards the support with the increase of the prestressing force. Furthermore, the empirical equations to determine the shear proportions and the position of contraflexure point between chords are established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought is a limiting factor for wheat production. Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are key signalling molecules produced in response to drought stress. Drought priming is a promising strategy for enhancing drought tolerance. Here, the roles of NO and H2O2 in drought priming were investigated. The results showed that the scavengers of NO or H2O2 reduced the effects of priming‐induced tolerance to drought stress during seedling and grain filling stages. Drought priming induced the production of H2O2 and NO, suggesting that H2O2 and NO were involved in priming‐induced drought tolerance and that the synthesis of H2O2 could be related to respiratory burst oxidase homologues (RBOH). Further, nitrate reductase (NR) activity was not the unique source for NO production. The elevated production of NO in the primed plants was blocked by scavengers of both H2O2 and NO, whereas the H2O2 concentration was not affected by a scavenger of NO. Osmolyte accumulation induced by drought priming was partly inhibited by the removal of NO, but was higher than in non‐primed plants. NO worked downstream of H2O2‐mediated the accumulation of proline and glycine‐betaine in primed plants under drought stress during grain filling. The results increase our understanding of the roles of H2O2 and NO in priming‐induced drought tolerance in wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While schwannoma is one of the most common types of benign peripheral nerve tumors in adults, a very unique and specific variant of schwannoma, the intravascular variant, is exceedingly rare. There have only been three previously published cases of intravascular schwannomas. Here we describe a fourth case of an intravascular schwannoma in a 47‐year‐old man with an enlarging subcutaneous nodule on his posterior calf. This is the second case of an intravascular schwannoma contained within a vein. Also included is an overview of intravascular schwannomas, including a description and discussion of the histopathological diagnosis, differential diagnoses, and schwannoma variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Chinese medicine, Qiaoshao formula combined with dapoxetine was used for the treatment of premature ejaculation in a real‐life setting. Nine hundred and five males diagnosed with premature ejaculation were reviewed in this retrospective cohort study. We divided the patients into two groups: dapoxetine alone and Qiaoshao formula combined with dapoxetine according to actual interventions provided to patients in clinics. The perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time and the premature ejaculation profile measures markedly improved in both groups. However, in men with severe premature ejaculation (baseline perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time <1 min) and those with baseline age ≤30 years, the perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time was slightly but significantly longer with combined therapy than with dapoxetine alone (p <.05). Therefore, combined therapy involving the Qiaoshao formula and dapoxetine proved to safe as well as effective for treating premature ejaculation while prolonging the perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time, which significantly improved the overall satisfaction of the patient and likely that of the couple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There lacks an ideal model for accurately predicting clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). This study aimed at developing a nomogram with high accuracy in predicting CR-POPF after PD. Methods: A total of 1182 patients undergoing PD in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (FAHSYSU, n = 762) and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC, n = 420) between January 2010 and May 2018 were enrolled. The patients from FAHSYSU were assigned as testing cohort, and those from FUSCC were used as external validation cohort. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the predictive factors for CR-POPF. Nomogram was developed on the basis of significant predictors. The performance of nomogram was evaluated by area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. Results: In testing cohort, 87 out of 762 patients developed CR-POPF. Three predictors were significantly associated with CR-POPF, including body mass index ≥24.0 kg/m2, pancreatic duct diameter <3 mm, and drainage fluid amylase on postoperative day 1 ≥2484 units/L (all p ≤ 0.001). Prediction of nomogram was accurate with AUC of 0.934 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.914–0.950) in testing cohort and 0.744 (95% CI: 0.699–0.785) in external validation cohort. The predictive accuracy of nomogram was better than that of previously proposed fistula risk scores both in testing and external validation cohort (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: The novel nomogram based on three easily available parameters could accurately predict CR-POPF after PD. It would have high clinical value due to its accuracy and convenience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: AUF1 is one of the AU‐rich binding proteins, which promotes rapid ARE‐mRNA degradation. Recently, it has been reported that AUF1 is involved in regulating the antioxidant system because of its capacity to bind specifically to RNA containing oxidized bases and degrade oxidized RNA. Many antioxidant proteins have been reported to be overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), however, the role of AUF1 in the progression of CRC has not been explored. Methods: The expression level of AUF1 protein in human CRC cell lines and CRC tissues was detected by western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC. The effects of AUF1 knockdown on CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and changes in the signaling pathways were evaluated using a cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), Transwell assays and western blotting. Subcutaneous xenograft tumor model was employed to further substantiate the role of AUF1 in CRC. Results: AUF1 protein was upregulated in CRC tissues and CRC cells, and high expression of AUF1 was significantly associated with advanced AJCC stage (P =.001), lymph node metastasis (P =.007), distant metastasis (P =.038) and differentiation (P =.009) of CRC specimens. CRC patients with the high expression of AUF1 had an extremely poor prognosis. The knockdown of AUF1 suppressed CRC cell line proliferation, migration and invasion, inhibited CRC cells tumorigenesis and growth in nude mice, and reduced phosphorylated‐ERK1/2 and phosphorylated AKT in CRC cells. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that AUF1 is probably involved in the progression of CRC via the activation of the ERK1/2 and AKT pathways. AU‐rich RNA‐binding factor 1 could be used as a novel prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the contribution of protein composition and gluten structure to dough property and biscuit baking is crucial to improve soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain quality. Thus, the relationships of protein composition, gluten structure, and dough rheological properties with short biscuits quality was investigated using 10 Chinese soft wheat varieties. Content of grain protein, flour protein, gliadin, glutenin, and high and low molecular weight glutenin subunits were significantly positively correlated with hardness of biscuit, but negatively correlated with spread factor and sensory score. Gluten of wheat varieties with lower dough strength and better biscuit quality showed thinner walls of apertures and more regular apertures in its microstructure. The gluten with higher strength had more apertures and antiparallel β‐sheets and fewer α‐helices. Moreover, dough with a higher softening degree was easier to stretch and tended to produce biscuits with larger diameter and crispier taste during baking. In conclusion, main wheat quality characteristics that can be used to select grain samples suitable for making tasty biscuits were recommended as follows: flour protein content, wet gluten content and microstructure, Zeleny sedimentation value, and dough softening degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To compare feasibility and safety after gastrointestinal checkup by standing‐type magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (SMCE) and conventional gastroscopy. Methods: This was a prospective multicenter, blinded study that compared SMCE with gastroscopy in patients from April 2018 to July 2018. All patients first underwent SMCE and then subsequently had gastroscopy with i.v. anesthesia. We calculated the compliance rates of gastric lesion detection by SMCE using gastroscopy as the standard. Capsule retention rate, incidence of adverse events, and patient satisfaction were documented throughout the study. Results: One hundred and sixty‐one patients who completed SMCE and gastroscopy were included in the analysis. Positive compliance rate among SMCE and gastroscopy was 92.0% (95% CI: 80.77%–97.78%). Negative compliance rate was 95.5% (89.80%, 98.52%). Moreover, overall compliance rate was 94.41% (89.65%, 97.41%). Sixty‐four pathological outcomes were identified. Of these 64 outcomes, 50 were detected by both procedures. The gastroscopy method neglected seven findings (such as five erosions, one polyp, and one ulcer). Furthermore, SMCE also overlooked seven lesions (i.e. one erosion, two polyps, one atrophy, and three submucosal tumors). Capsule retention or related adverse events were not reported. Conclusion: Standing‐type magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy provides equivalent agreement with gastroscopy and may be useful for screening of gastric illnesses without any anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Regorafenib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is mainly metabolized by CYP3A4. The genetic polymorphism of CYP3A4 would contribute to differences in metabolism of regorafenib. Previously, we had discovered several novel CYP3A4 variants. However, the catalytic characteristics of these 27 CYP3A4 variants on oxidizing regorafenib have not being determined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the catalytic characteristics of 27 CYP3A4 protein variants on the oxidative metabolism of regorafenib in vitro. Method: Wild‐type CYP3A4.1 or other variants was incubated with 0.5‐20 μmol/L regorafenib for 30 minutes. After sample processing, regorafenib‐N‐oxide, a primary metabolite, was detected by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry system. Result: CYP3A4.20 had no detectable enzyme activity compared with wild‐type CYP3A4.1; five variants (CYP3A4.5,.16,.19,.24,.29) exhibited similar clearance value with CYP3A4.1; four variants (CYP3A4.14,.15,.28,.31) displayed increased enzymatic activities, while remaining variants showed markedly decreased intrinsic clearance values. Conclusion: This study is the first to investigate the function of 27 CYP3A4 protein variants on the metabolism of regorafenib in vitro, and it may provide some valuable information for further research in clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and the fourth leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Our previous study showed that EYA4 functioned by suppressing growth of HCC tumor cells, but its molecular mechanism is still not elucidated. Based on the results of gene microassay, EYA4 was inversely correlated with MYCBP and was verified in human HCC tissues by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Overexpressed and KO EYA4 in human HCC cell lines confirmed the negative correlation between EYA4 and MYCBP by qRT‐PCR and western blot. Transfected siRNA of MYCBP in EYA4 overexpressed cells and overexpressed MYCBP in EYA4 KO cells could efficiently rescue the proliferation and G2/M arrest effects of EYA4 on HCC cells. Mechanistically, armed with serine/threonine‐specific protein phosphatase activity, EYA4 reduced nuclear translocation of β‐catenin by dephosphorylating β‐catenin at Ser552, thereby suppressing the transcription of MYCBP which was induced by β‐catenin/LEF1 binding to the promoter of MYCBP. Clinically, HCC patients with highly expressed EYA4 and poorly expressed MYCBP had significantly longer disease‐free survival and overall survival than HCC patients with poorly expressed EYA4 and highly expressed MYCBP. In conclusion, EYA4 suppressed HCC tumor cell growth by repressing MYCBP by dephosphorylating β‐catenin S552. EYA4 combined with MYCBP could be potential prognostic biomarkers in HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) plays an important role in endothelial functions and is regulated by MEF2C. However, how AQP1 level is stabilized to maintain endothelial water homeostasis is still not clear. Here, we show that AQP1 expression is significantly upregulated by MEF2C transcriptionally and inhibited by miR‐133a‐3p.1 post‐transcriptionally. Meanwhile, MEF2C activates the expression of miR‐133a1. Simultaneous overexpression of MEF2C and miR‐133a‐3p.1 suppresses the aptitude of changes in AQP1 expression caused by either MEF2C or miR‐133a‐3p.1. Accordingly, the changes in migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) caused by MEF2C or miR133a‐3p.1 are blunted by coexpression of both of them. These data demonstrate that the homeostasis and physiological function of AQP1 in endothelial health are maintained by the MEF2C and miR‐133a‐3p.1 regulatory circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is used as a first‐line treatment for colorectal liver metastases that recur after first liver resection in our institution. We aim to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy compared to repeated surgical resection. Methods: A retrospective review was performed in 104 patients treated with curative intent for resectable recurrent colorectal liver metastases. Results: Sixty‐one patients underwent RFA and 43 patients underwent surgery. The overall recurrence rates were 82% in the RFA group and 65.1% in the resection group (P = 0.05). The local recurrence rate on a lesion‐basis was markedly higher after RFA than that after resection (16.7% versus 7.3%, P = 0.04). The difference remained significant in patients with a maximum lesion diameter >3 cm (24.5% versus 7.6%, P = 0.01). RFA treatment was independently associated with recurrence on multivariate analyses (P = 0.01). 69.7% of RFA patients and 42.6% of surgery patients with intrahepatic recurrence were amenable to repeated local treatment (P = 0.05), leading to the equivalent actuarial 3‐year progression free survival rates (RFA: 29.1% versus Resection: 33.1%, P = 0.48) and 5‐year overall survival rates in the two treatment groups (RFA: 33% versus Resection: 28.4%, P = 0.36). Conclusions: Surgery remains the treatment of choice for resectable recurrence. RFA may offer similar benefit in selected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient exploitation and utilization of low‐cost and biomass‐derived carbon materials will play an active role in developing sustainable energy storage systems. However, the difficult morphology control and incomplete activation limits their pervasive application in electrochemical energy storage. Inspired by the famous Chinese folk handicraft of sugar‐figure blowing, biomass‐derived carbon aerogels (GCA) with 2 D graphene‐like thin nanosheets were fabricated by a simple chemical blowing strategy from a viscous agaric solution obtained through hydrothermal treatment of agaric. A chemical blowing agent (NH4Cl) was used to effectively exfoliate the bulk biomass‐derived carbon flake into 2 D graphene‐like nanosheets, which resulted in a highly porous structure and high specific area (2200 m2 g−1) after the activation process. As a result, a high specific capacitance of 340 F g−1 at 3 A g−1 and a high specific energy of 25.5 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 2 kW kg−1 was obtained for the GCA electrode, which can be attributed to the abundant electrochemically active surfaces, short ion transport paths, and effective electrolyte infiltration.. This work demonstrates an effective and low‐cost strategy to prepare hierarchical and well‐organized porous biomass carbon materials with graphene‐like nanosheets for high‐performance supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Mucosal traction as a "second hand" in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is very helpful for ESD operators. The efficacy of using a snare combined with endoclips to assist in ESD (SC‐ESD) was evaluated whether it could achieve peroral external traction (PET) and peroral internal traction (PIT) and real‐time adjustment of mucosal traction position. This study aimed to preliminarily evaluate its feasibility. Methods: A snare was fixed using endoclips to the incised mucosal flap that was intended for dissection. Subsequently, the snare was adjusted to achieve mucosal traction. This study included 54 gastroesophageal neoplasias in 54 consecutive patients who underwent SC‐ESD. The operative and clinical data were retrospectively collected. Results: Peroral external tractions were performed for 22 esophageal neoplasias, and PETs and PITs were performed for 32 gastric neoplasias. The median (interquartile range) sizes of lesions were 4.3 (2.5) and 4.2 (2.1) cm, operation times were 73.4 (43.8) and 60.0 (45.2) min, and submucosal dissection times were 27.0 (32.0) and 31.0 (34.5) min in the esophagus and stomach, respectively. Mucosal traction position could be effectively adjusted by fixing the snare to the incised mucosal flap intended for dissection during SC‐ESD. All lesions in the esophagus and stomach were completely resected, with R0 resection rates of 100%. Besides postoperative bleeding in a patient with gastric neoplasia, no intraoperative and postoperative perforations occurred. Conclusions: SC‐ESD seems to be feasible for resecting gastroesophageal neoplasia, and two types of mucosal tractions (PET and PIT) could be effectively achieved during SC‐ESD. Further prospective comparative study with a large sample is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass‐derived carbon composites (e.g. metal oxide/biocarbon) have been used as promising electrode materials for energy storage devices owing to their natural abundance and simple preparation process. However, low loading content/inhomogeneous distribution of metal oxides and inefficient cracking of biocarbon (BC) are intractable obstacles that impede the efficient utilization of biomass. In this work, hierarchical porous MnO/BC composites were prepared by a facile molten‐salt‐assisted strategy based on the superior salt‐water absorption ability of agaric. The addition of NaCl induces a liquid reaction medium by formation of a molten salt mixture at high temperature to effectively realize the activation and cracking of the bulk carbon, and it also acts as a recyclable sacrificial template to form mesopores and macropores in the as‐prepared hierarchical porous MnO/BC composites. The highly porous and uniform BC framework effectively enhances ion diffusion and electron‐transfer ability, serves as a protective layer to prevent fracturing and agglomeration of MnO, and thus enables superior rate performance and cycling stability of the MnO/BC composite for both supercapacitor electrodes (94 % capacity retention at 20 mA cm−2 after 5000 cycles) and lithium‐ion battery anodes (783 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles). Notably, considering the simple and low‐cost preparation process, this work opens a promising avenue for the large‐scale production of advanced metal oxide/BC hybrid electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage. Fungus‐amungous! A facile molten‐salt‐assisted strategy exploiting the superior salt‐water absorption ability of dried agaric is developed to synthesize hierarchical porous MnO@biocarbon (BC) composites, which are used as electrode materials for supercapacitors and lithium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Herein, a single‐crystal SnO2 microwire photodetector (PD) is demonstrated with a fast response speed owing to a low concentration of point defects. However, the presence of surface defects (e.g., oxygen vacancies) still limits its optoelectronic performance. To further improve the photoresponse of such device, a core–shell p–n junction is constructed by simply coating a new p‐type transparent conductive (CuS)0.35:(ZnS)0.65 nanocomposite film (CuZnS) on n‐type SnO2 microwire. As a result, not only the surface of SnO2 is modified, but also a space charge depletion region is formed at the interface, leading to an enhanced on‐off ratio of ≈1.3 × 103 and a faster speed of 45 µs/1.17 ms (rise time/decay time) in comparison with the plain SnO2 microwire PD (on‐off ratio of 30, response speed of ≈100 µs/1.5 ms). Besides, the n‐SnO2/p‐CuZnS core–shell microwire could steadily work as a self‐powered UV PD, with a maximum responsivity of 1.6 mA W−1 (at 0 V) and detectivity of 5.41 × 1011 Jones (at 0.05 V) toward 315 nm, which suggests its great potentials as a high‐performance self‐powered UV photodetector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Aspergillosis in falcons may be associated with high mortality and difficulties in clinical and laboratory diagnosis. We previously cloned an immunogenic protein, Afmp1p, in Aspergillus fumigatus and showed that anti‐Afmp1p antibodies were present in human patients with A. fumigatus infections. In this study, we hypothesise that a similar Afmp1p‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) could be applied to serodiagnose falcon aspergillosis. A specific polyclonal antibody was first generated to detect falcon serum IgY. Horseradish peroxidase‐conjugate of this antibody was then used to measure anti‐Afmp1p antibodies in sera collected from falcons experimentally infected with A. fumigatus, and the performance of the Afmp1p‐based ELISA was evaluated using sera from healthy falcons and falcons with documented A. fumigatus infections. All four experimentally infected falcons developed culture‐ and histology‐proven invasive aspergillosis. Anti‐Afmp1p antibodies were detected in their sera. For the Afmp1p‐based ELISA, the mean ± SD OD450 nm using sera from 129 healthy falcons was 0.186 ± 0.073. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed an absorbance cut‐off value of 0.407. One negative serum gave an absorbance outside the normal range, giving a specificity of 99.2%. For the 12 sera from falcons with confirmed aspergillosis, nine gave absorbance values ≥ cut‐off, giving a sensitivity of 75%. The Afmp1p‐based ELISA is useful for serodiagnosis of falcons with aspergillosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]