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An external disruptor to a manufacturing process (e.g., a supply chain failure, or a cyber‐attack) can affect more than a factory's output; it can have wider societal concerns, raising the issue of industrial resilience at different levels. In this work, manufacturing resilience is revisited, reviewing the applicability of the resilience concept to the industrial domain, particularly the smart factories enabled by newer digital technologies. The meaning of resilience within manufacturing is shown to be composed of several factors that operate at three levels (macro, meso, and micro). The factors have been united from a variety of sources to unify the traits within manufacturing resilience. Furthermore, a summary of the advanced digital technologies that can aid (or detract) from resilience is discussed, along with some of their challenges around digital complexity, legacy equipment support, high‐performance wireless communications, and cybersecurity. Although it is seen that digital manufacturing systems can aid resilience within the industrial sector and contribute to wider societal goals, the biggest impact is likely to be at the lowest (micro) level. Opportunities exist to quantify resilience factors and their use within manufacturing systems support software, and how to influence the resilience requirements of the wider stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Comparative Psychotherapy Process Scale (CPPS) is an instrument designed to measure therapist interventions in a psychotherapy session. The scale includes 20 items divided into two subscales: the PI (psychodynamic‐interpersonal) scale, which describes psychodynamic‐interpersonal techniques; and the CB (cognitive‐behavioural) scale, which includes cognitive‐behavioural interventions. The aim of the study was to examine the psychometric properties of the CPPS, comparing the PI and CB subscales with the psychodynamic, cognitive and STTP prototypes, as described by the Psychotherapy Process Q‐set(PQS). The sample comprised 94 sessions (N = 94) of psychodynamic and cognitive‐behavioural orientation. Two groups of independent raters with excellent interrater reliability (ICC =.78) evaluated the sessions. The results suggest that the CPPS is a valid and reliable instrument that provides a clinically sensitive and psychometrically robust evaluation of a therapist's techniques. The clinical and research implications of the results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study seeks to explore the relationship between patient‐reported interpersonal problems and therapist interventions in early psychodynamic psychotherapy for 71 outpatients. Pretreatment ratings on the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex Scales (IIP‐C) total and subscale scores were examined in relation to early treatment process. Independent clinicians reliably rated therapist use of psychodynamic–interpersonal (PI) and cognitive–behavioural (CB) interventions using the Comparative Psychotherapy Process Scale (CPPS) over two early treatment sessions (third and ninth). Intraclass correlation (ICC) values were in the excellent range for CPPS‐PI and CPPS‐CB scale scores (CPPS‐PI = 0.86; CPPS‐CB = 0.78). A significant positive correlation was found between interpersonal problems and global PI therapist technique. A significant positive correlation was also found between interpersonal problems and specific PI interventions, most significantly experience and expression of feelings in session. In specific interpersonal problem subscales, most significant was that Cold/Distant and Socially Inhibited octants positively related to global PI and to specific PI techniques, including exploration of uncomfortable feelings. Multiple regression analyses revealed most significantly that CPPS Intervention 7 (discussion of patient‐therapist relationship; positive) and CPPS Intervention 11 (therapist explanation of rationale behind treatment; negative) explained 15.6% of variance in interpersonal problem score. These findings demonstrate that the use of psychodynamic techniques tend to occur alongside patient‐reported interpersonal problems early in psychotherapy treatment. Clinical implications are discussed for this area of research, and future directions are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our research group has developed a cell‐penetrating peptide‐based delivery system that includes the Asn194Lys mutation in the rabies virus glycoprotein‐9R peptide (mRVG‐9R). This system has the capacity to deliver DNA in astrocytes and SH‐SY5Y cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the mRVG‐9R peptide to deliver DNA molecules to murine brain cells. The mRVG‐9R peptide, a karyophilic peptide (KP) and a plasmid encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) were bound by electrostatic charges to form the mRVG‐9R complex. mRVG‐9R complex was injected into the cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice by stereotactic surgery. After 2, 4, and 20 days, the animals were sacrificed and their brains were prepared for quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and histological analysis. We detected the GFP expression in neurons and glial cells in the cerebral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus of the murine brain. The results suggest that the mRVG‐9R peptide has the ability to deliver DNA molecules to murine brain cells. Also, the expression of the reporter gene is maintained at least up to 20 days after injection in neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia cells. Thus, the in vivo transfection ability of the mRVG‐9R peptide, makes it a promising candidate as a therapeutic gene delivery vector to the central nervous system cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the relationship between psychodynamic techniques early in treatment with reliable change in depressive symptomatology. Forty‐six patients admitted for individual psychodynamic psychotherapy who received a diagnosis representative of a depressive spectrum disorder were assessed pretreatment and posttreatment through self‐report of depressive symptoms. Videotapes from two early treatment sessions (3rd and 9th) were independently rated on the Comparative Psychotherapy Process Scale for use of psychodynamic‐interpersonal and cognitive–behavioural techniques, with excellent interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient > .75). We found a significant relationship between overall use of psychodynamic technique across early treatment (r = .31, p = .036), as well as specific psychodynamic techniques delivered across early treatment, with change in patient‐reported depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that focusing on affective experiencing and expression, as well as providing interpretations are particularly helpful early in psychodynamic treatment for depression. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study addresses the effects of structured training on the development of coding skills used in psychotherapy process research. Method: Participants included graduate trainees enrolled in an APA approved Clinical PhD programme. A course outline for training is reviewed and examined in relation to ratings of therapist techniques used during psychotherapy sessions. Results: The effects of this structured training protocol for raters resulted in good to excellent levels of interrater reliability. Different groups of raters were compared along multiple factors such as level of graduate training, training received on a particular measure, and psychotherapy experience. Discussion: The implications of these findings for rater training in psychotherapy process research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delivering biomolecules, such as antibodies, proteins, and peptides, to the cytosol is an important and challenging aspect of drug development and chemical biology. Polyarginine—a well‐known cell‐penetrating peptide (CPP)—is capable of exploiting its positive charge and guanidium groups to carry a fused cargo into the cytosol. However, the precise mechanism by which this occurs remains ambiguous. In the present study, we established a new method of quantitatively assessing cell penetration. The method involves inducing cell death by using a polyarginine (R8) to deliver a peptide—ie, mitochondrial targeting domain (MTD)—to the cytosol. We found that 4,4′‐diisothiocyanatostilbene‐2,2′‐di‐sulfonate (DIDS)—an anion channel blocker—inhibited the ability of octa‐arginine (R8)–fused MTD to penetrate cells. Other anion channel blockers did not inhibit the penetration of peptides fused with R8. Comparison of DIDS with other structurally similar chemicals revealed that the isothiocyanate group of DIDS may be primarily responsible for the inhibitory effect than its stilbene di‐sulfonate backbone. These results imply that the inhibitory effect of DIDS may not be derived from the interaction between stilbene di‐sulfonate and the anion channels, but from the interaction between the isothiocyanate groups and the cell membrane. Our new MTD method enables the quantitative assessment of cell penetration. Moreover, further studies on the inhibition of CPPs by DIDS may help clarify the mechanism by which penetration occurs and facilitate the design of new penetrative biomolecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]