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Background Aim Study Design Results Conclusions Relevance to Clinical Practice Spiritual care interventions can be an important source of emotional support for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, there is wide variation in the literature and no quantitative assessment to synthesize the results of these studies.To examine the effectiveness of spiritual care interventions on disease‐related physiological parameter and treatment outcomes and psychosocial well‐being outcomes among patients in the ICU.A comprehensive search was conducted across 11 databases from inception to 27 May 2024. Studies involving the implementation of spiritual care interventions for patients in the ICU were included. Cochrane's bias risk tool and JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist were used to examine the methodological quality of included studies. Review Manager 5.3 was used to conduct meta‐analyses.A total of 18 studies were included. Meta‐analysis showed that spiritual care interventions could significantly reduce mean arterial pressure (MAP) (MD: −12.12, 95% CI: [−23.68, −0.56], p = .04), length of stay in the ICU (MD: −5.49, 95% CI: [−8.99, −2.00], p = .002), and improved consciousness (MD: 3.91, 95% CI: [1.42, 6.39], p = .002), anxiety (SMD: −1.78, 95% CI: [−3.06, −0.50], p = .006), spiritual well‐being (SMD: 1.57, 95% CI: [0.05, 3.08], p = .04) and comfort (MD: 15.53, 95% CI: [10.81, 20.25], p < .01) among patients in the ICU, but had no significant effects on heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), pulse rate (PR), blood pressure (BP), oxygen saturation (SpO2), duration of ventilator use and pain.Spiritual care interventions could reduce MAP and length of stay in the ICU; improve consciousness, anxiety, spiritual well‐being and comfort among patients in the ICU; and are still inconclusive for HR, RR, PR, BP, SpO2, duration of ventilator use and pain. Urgent efforts are needed to better integrate spiritual care interventions into clinical care to enhance patient well‐being.Spiritual care interventions could improve well‐being of patients in the ICU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have demonstrated that complexes [(edt)2Mo2O2(μ‐S)2Ag2(dppm)2]·4CH3OH·DMF (2, edt = 1,2‐ethanedithiolate dianion, dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane, DMF = N,N‐dimethylformamide) and [(μ‐Cl)2Ag4(μ3‐Cl)2(dppm)2]·4DMF (3), were generated by combining a dinuclear molybdenum precursor [Et4N]2[(edt)2Mo2S2(μ‐S)2] (1a) with two equimolar AgCl and dppm in a CH3OH‐DMF mixed solution. Treatment of complex 1a with one equimolar AgCl and DPEPhos in CH3OH and DMF mixed solutions, producing complex [Et4N][(edt)2Mo2S2(μ‐S)2Ag(DPEPhos)]·CH3OH (4, DPEPhos = bis(2‐diphenylphosphinophenyl)ether). Treatment of complex [nPr4N]2[(edt)2Mo2S2(μ‐S)2] (1b) with AgBr in acetonitrile followed by addition of (NH4)2S produced a dodecanuclear Mo–Ag–S cage cluster [nPr4N]2[{Mo2Ag2S2O2(edt)2}3(μ6‐S)]·1.5CH3CN (5). Complexes 2−5 have been characterized by infrared(IR), 1H NMR, UV‐vis, and fluorescence spectroscopies. Moreover, molecular structures of complexes 2−5 have been established by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have demonstrated that complexes [(edt)2Mo2O2(μ‐S)2Ag2(dppm)2]·4CH3OH·DMF (2, edt = 1,2‐ethanedithiolate dianion, dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane, DMF = N,N‐dimethylformamide) and [(μ‐Cl)2Ag4(μ3‐Cl)2(dppm)2]·4DMF (3), were generated by combining a dinuclear molybdenum precursor [Et4N]2[(edt)2Mo2S2(μ‐S)2] (1a) with two equimolar AgCl and dppm in a CH3OH‐DMF mixed solution. Treatment of complex 1a with one equimolar AgCl and DPEPhos in CH3OH and DMF mixed solutions, producing complex [Et4N][(edt)2Mo2S2(μ‐S)2Ag(DPEPhos)]·CH3OH (4, DPEPhos = bis(2‐diphenylphosphinophenyl)ether). Treatment of complex [nPr4N]2[(edt)2Mo2S2(μ‐S)2] (1b) with AgBr in acetonitrile followed by addition of (NH4)2S produced a dodecanuclear Mo–Ag–S cage cluster [nPr4N]2[{Mo2Ag2S2O2(edt)2}3(μ6‐S)]·1.5CH3CN (5). Complexes 2−5 have been characterized by infrared(IR), 1H NMR, UV‐vis, and fluorescence spectroscopies. Moreover, molecular structures of complexes 2−5 have been established by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Plants synthesize hundreds of small secretory peptides, which are perceived by the receptor‐like kinase (RLK) family at the cell surface. Various signaling peptide‐RLK pairs ensure plant adaptation to distinct environmental conditions. Here, we report that SERINE RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDE (SCOOP) immune peptides modulate root growth and development by regulating PIN‐FORMED (PIN)‐regulated polar auxin transport in Arabidopsis. The SCOOP4 and SCOOP12 treatments impaired root gravitropic growth, auxin redistribution in response to gravistimulation, and PIN abundance in the PM. Furthermore, genetic and cell biological analyses revealed that these physiological and cellular effects of SCOOP4 and SCOOP12 peptides are mediated by the receptor MALE DISCOVERER1‐INTERACTING RECEPTOR LIKE KINASE2 (MIK2) and the downstream mitogen‐activated kinase MPK6. Biochemical evidence indicates that MPK6 directly phosphorylates the cytosolic loop of PIN proteins. Our work established a link between the immune signaling peptide SCOOPs and root growth pathways, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant root adaptive growth in the defense response. Significance Statement: Multiple phytocytokines are involved in the plant immune response. Here, we report that the SCOOP‐MIK2‐MPK6 pathway modulates Arabidopsis root growth and development by regulating PIN abundance at the PM and subsequent auxin transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaboration between cancer treatment and inflammation management has emerged as an integral facet of comprehensive cancer care. Nevertheless, the development of interventions concurrently targeting both inflammation and cancer has encountered significant challenges stemming from various external factors. Herein, a bioactive agent synthesized by genetically engineering melanin‐producing Bacillus thuringiensis (B. thuringiensis) bacteria, simultaneously achieves eco‐friendly photothermal agent and efficient reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) scavenger benefits, perfectly tackling present toughies from inflammation to cancer therapies. The biologically derived melanin exhibits exceptional photothermal‐conversion performance, facilitating potent photonic hyperthermia that effectively eradicates tumor cells and tissues, thereby impeding tumor growth. Additionally, the RONS‐scavenging properties of melanin produced by B. thuringiensis bacteria contribute to inflammation reduction, augmenting the efficacy of photothermal tumor repression. This study presents a representative paradigm of genetic engineering in B. thuringiensis bacteria to produce functional agents tailored for diverse biomedical applications, encompassing inflammation and cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facile fabrication, low material complexity and closed‐loop recycling are essential for polymer plastics to alter their linear product economy towards a cradle‐to‐cradle one. Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) are one way to achieve that, which intrinsically exhibit decent mechanical properties like the thermosets but could also be easily recycled like the thermoplastics. In this work, we introduce rigid ester structural motifs into dynamic poly(disulfide)s to form a series of dual polymer networks. Owning to the coherence of soft/rigid segments and the reversible sacrificial crosslinking, they exhibit tailorable mechanical properties and good resistance towards different chemicals. Their closed‐loop recycling is achieved via mild solvolysis, maintaining materials' mechanical integrities. It offers a solution as a sustainable replacement for engineering plastics which are massively under production but hard to be recycled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary Four polycyclic ten‐membered lactones possessing unprecedented 10/6/5 tricyclic ring skeleton, named eutypetides A—D (1—4), and an intriguing polyketide containing a hexahydroisobenzofuran‐1(3H)‐one motif, named eutypetide E (5) were isolated from the marine‐derived fungus Eutypella sp. F0219, together with three new related biosynthetic polyketides eutypetides F—H (6—8). The absolute configurations of 1—5 were unequivocally determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses (Cu Kα), modified Mosher's method and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Eutypetides G (7) showed remarkable anti‐inflammatory activity and could reduce the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and iNOS induced by LPS. Most notably, compounds 1—4 were formed biogenetically from 6—7 via the key intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition, while compound 5 could be constructed biogenetically from 8 through the intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition. All the above eight polyketides are proposed to originate from a C10 and a C6 fatty acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidermal electronics has garnered significant research attention due to its promising applications in wearable human‐machine interfaces and intelligent healthcare sensing. However, their widespread use faces challenges due to complex manufacturing processes, high material costs, inadaptability to different skin surfaces, and inadequate reusability. Herein, inspired by the biological reshapability and environmental adaptability of amoeba, an ultra‐deformable (≈2600% strain), bioadhesive (adhesive strength ≈3 kPa), strong self‐healing (fastest recovery time ≈1s, maximum wound distance ≈5 mm), and electromechanical‐durable wearable electronic slime (E‐slime) is proposed, which can instantaneously form on‐skin electronics in situ to detect body motion and physiological signals. E‐slime demonstrates desired sensing performance with high sensitivity (gauge factor 2.95), wide sensing range (up to 400% strain), and low detection limit (≈1% strain), which can seamlessly adhere to the skin and can be easily reused multiple times (≈100 cycles usage). E‐slime also enables on‐the‐fly deployment of motion monitoring tasks at various body locations, showcasing its versatility and reliability for body motion recognition and personal health monitoring. This study holds potential for next‐generation green electronics, motion sensing devices, and wearable human‐machine interfaces, ultimately helping to ensure healthy lives and promote well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D superstructures (3DSs) have attracted increasing interest because of the collective synergistic effects of individual building units, but their customization relies on tedious multistep strategy or high‐end nanofabrication technology. Herein, for the first time, a facile block copolymer micelle‐mediated anisotropic growth approach is reported to fabricate gold 3DSs consisting of tunable and intersecting lamellae with sawtooth‐like edges. The preparation of the 3DSs depends on the mediation of reduction kinetics of gold precursors and adsorption of block copolymer micelles on gold crystal surfaces using disulfiram as ligands. The thickness of lamellae in the 3DSs is controllable from ≈21 to 102 nm by adjusting the weight fraction of the micellar hydrophobicity blocks and the composed lamellar number is regulated from ≈3 to ≈30. Additional morphologies, such as a dendritic mesoporous structure and meatball‐like shapes, are obtained through controlling the extent of micelle swelling. Finite‐difference time‐domain simulations demonstrate that the unique 3DSs of gold lamellae with sawtooth‐like edges form abundant hotspots giving rise to surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The 3DSs exhibit strong electromagnetic field enhancement and excellent performance as SERS substrates for detecting 4‐mercaptobenzoic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's dynamic business environment, business model innovation (BMI) has become a strategic lever that businesses can harness to unlock new revenue opportunities and fortify their long‐term competitive edge. BMI often hinges on the exchange relationships between chief executive officers (CEOs) and their top management team (TMT) members. However, in practice, CEOs and TMT members often have incongruent perceptions of these relationships, which may impede them from making joint efforts to achieve BMI. When such incongruence arises, relying solely on either the CEO's or the TMT members' perceptions of exchange quality might provide an incomplete understanding of the effect of CEO–TMT exchange quality on BMI. In this study, we investigate how CEO–TMT exchange quality incongruence influences BMI under various levels of environmental dynamism. Using archival industry data and matched survey data from 618 CEOs and 1854 TMT members in China, the polynomial regression and response surface analyses indicate that CEO–TMT exchange quality incongruence negatively affects BMI. This finding suggests that while high perceptions of exchange quality by both CEOs and TMTs independently contribute to BMI, an incongruent perception of exchange quality between CEOs and TMT members can undermine the success of BMI. Moreover, high levels of environmental dynamism aggravate the negative effect of CEO–TMT exchange quality incongruence on BMI. These findings enable us to offer new theoretical insights regarding the influence of the CEO–TMT exchange quality on BMI, thus complementing existing studies on antecedents of BMI and enriching literature on the outcomes of the CEO–TMT interface. Additionally, this study offers practical guidance for enhancing BMI through effective management of incongruent perceptions of CEO–TMT exchanges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the fact that dynamic stall models in the wind energy industry such as ONERA model, Beddoes–Leishman model, and Snel model are mostly semi‐empirical models, and the determination of empirical time constants has a great influence on the model accuracy. To optimize the time constant in dynamic stall model and improve the prediction accuracy of unsteady aerodynamics, the influence of boundary layer and pressure lag on the unsteady performance of the S809 airfoil under 2D flow conditions is explored using a simple semi‐empirical dynamic stall engineering model. The proposed model consists of four first‐order differential equations accounting for attached flow and dynamic separation flow of trailing edge based on the Theodorsen theory. A validation is carried out by the wind tunnel experiment in the Key Laboratory of Wind and Solar Energy Utilization Technology of the Ministry of Education at Inner Mongolia University of Technology. The main conclusions are as follows. The time constants for lag in pressure and boundary layer both have a great influence on the unsteady lift coefficient. When the mean angle of attack is relatively small and the airflow is between the attached flow and the separated flow, appropriately reducing the time constant can make the prediction results closer to the experimental values. When the mean angle of attack is relatively large and the airflow is in condition of fully separated flow, the time constant value can be appropriately increased. The influence of pressure lag and boundary layer lag on the unsteady drag coefficient is not significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: The relationship between chronic daily headache (CDH), depression symptoms, and brain volume remains unclear. Methods: To investigate the effects of CDH on brain volume and the impact of depressive symptoms (DSs) as well as the effects of demography and medication overuse, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched using appropriate keyword strings to retrieve observational studies from inception to May 2023. Results: Two distinct comparisons were made in CDH patients: (1) those with DSs versus their pain‐free counterparts and (2) those without DSs versus pain‐free controls. The first comprised nine studies enrolling 225 CDH patients with DSs and 234 controls. Beck depression inventory, Hamilton depression scale, and Hospital anxiety/depression scale were used to assess DSs, revealing significantly more DSs in CDH patients with DSs compared to their controls (all p < 0.05). Besides, the second analysed four studies involving 117 CDH patients without DSs and 155 comparators. Compared to CDH patients without DSs, those with DSs had a smaller brain volume than controls (p = 0.03). Furthermore, CDH patients with DSs who did not overuse medications showed a smaller right cerebral cortical volume than overusers (p = 0.003). A significant inverse correlation between female prevalence and brain volume (p = 0.02) was revealed using regression analysis. Conclusions: Pain‐induced persistent depressive symptoms not only incur structural alterations but also encompass affective‐motivational changes, involving medication use and gender‐specific health concerns. Significance: This study highlighted the importance of an integrated CDH treatment, emphasizing psychological interventions for the affective‐motivational component alongside pain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI), considered one of the most severe and commonly overlooked complications of diabetes, has shown inconsistent findings regarding the metabolic profiles in DCI patients. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to identify dysregulated metabolites as potential biomarkers for early DCI, providing valuable insights into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of four databases, namely PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane, was conducted up to March 2024. Subsequently, a qualitative review of clinical studies was performed followed by a meta‐analysis of metabolite markers. Finally, the sources of heterogeneity were explored through subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Results: A total of 774 unique publications involving 4357 participants and the identification of multiple metabolites were retrieved. Of these, 13 clinical studies reported metabolite differences between the DCI and control groups. Meta‐analysis was conducted for six brain metabolites and two metabolite ratios. The results revealed a significant increase in myo‐inositol (MI) concentration and decreases in glutamate (Glu), Glx (glutamate and glutamine) and N‐acetylaspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr) ratios in DCI, which have been identified as the most sensitive metabolic biomarkers for evaluating DCI progression. Notably, brain metabolic changes associated with cognitive impairment are more pronounced in type 2 diabetes mellitus than in type 1 diabetes mellitus, and the hippocampus emerged as the most sensitive brain region regarding metabolic changes associated with DCI. Conclusions: Our results suggest that MI, Glu, and Glx concentrations and NAA/Cr ratios within the hippocampus may serve as metabolic biomarkers for patients with early‐stage DCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a 3‐D crustal S‐wave velocity (Vs) model for eastern and northeastern Tibet utilizing ambient noise tomography. Our model reveals that crustal flow channels are absent in northeastern Tibet. In this region, the Kunlun Fault (KLF) significantly impacts mid‐lower crust low‐Vs anomalies. In addition, isolated low‐Vs anomalies beneath the Qilian orogeny are unrelated to the low‐Vs materials of the Tibetan Plateau. In the mid‐lower crust of the Songpan‐Ganzi terrane, its northeastern corner exhibits continuous low‐Vs anomalies, limited to areas south of the West Qinglin and west of 104° E. This suggests that a small‐scale northward viscous flow of crustal materials exists in the eastern KLF. However, two significant crustal flow channels (Vs ≤ 3.3 km/s) are observed in eastern Tibet. The east–west tectonic movements and the obstruction of the Sichuan Basin together facilitate the dispersion of crustal materials southward from eastern Tibet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CRISPR‐based genomic‐imaging systems have been utilized for spatiotemporal imaging of the repetitive genomic loci in living cells, but they are still challenged by limited signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) at a non‐repetitive genomic locus. Here, an efficient genomic‐imaging system is proposed, termed CRISPR/Pepper‐tDeg, by engineering the CRISPR sgRNA scaffolds with the degron‐binding Pepper aptamers for binding fluorogenic proteins fused with Tat peptide derived degron domain (tDeg). The target‐dependent stability switches of both sgRNA and fluorogenic protein allow this system to image repetitive telomeres sensitively with a 5‐fold higher SNR than conventional CRISPR/MS2‐MCP system using "always‐on" fluorescent protein tag. Subsequently, CRISPR/Pepper‐tDeg is applied to simultaneously label and track two different genomic loci, telomeres and centromeres, in living cells by combining two systems. Given a further improved SNR by the split fluorescent protein design, CRISPR/Pepper‐tDeg system is extended to non‐repetitive sequence imaging using only one sgRNA with two aptamer insertions. Neither complex sgRNA design nor difficult plasmid construction is required, greatly reducing the technical barriers to define spatiotemporal organization and dynamics of both repetitive and non‐repetitive genomic loci in living cells, and thus demonstrating the large application potential of this genomic‐imaging system in biological research, clinical diagnosis and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacteria‐initiated cancer therapy has been demonstrated high therapeutic efficacy against cancer. However, the undesired therapeutic efficacy and induced systematic inflammation storm compromise the therapeutic effect and outcome. Herein, a thermally‐activated living nanomedicine composed of reactive biohybrid (designated as Sa@FeS) is rationally designed and engineered for enhancing hydrogen sulfide (H2S)‐combined chemodynamic oncotherapy by biomineralizing ferrous sulfide nanoparticles (FeS NPs) onto the surface of a Salmonella typhimurium strain (Sa) without reducing bacterial activity. Ascribed to the deep penetration capability of Sa, FeS NPs facilitate photothermally‐enhanced catalytic Fenton reaction of decomposing endogenous H2O2 into cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals deep in tumor tissues upon near infrared irradiation. Meanwhile, Sa bacteria maintain sustained H2S release within tumor for achieving H2S‐induced intracellular acidosis that favors the generation of reactive oxygen species synergistically. Of note, the thermally‐triggered all‐in‐one strategy effectively inhibits bacterial viability, thus reducing the risk of systematic inflammation storm and ensuring biosafety. Therefore, the engineered nano‐bacteria living system exerts the thermally‐enhanced nanocatalytic and gas therapies to effectively eradicate tumors, providing a distinct paradigm for the combination of synthetic biology and nanomedicine in tumor therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An innovative strategy is presented that incorporates deep auto‐encoder networks into a least‐squares fitting framework to address the potential inversion problem in small‐angle scattering. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, a detailed case study focusing on charged colloidal suspensions was carried out. The results clearly indicate that a deep learning solution offers a reliable and quantitative method for studying molecular interactions. The approach surpasses existing deterministic approaches with respect to both numerical accuracy and computational efficiency. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of deep learning techniques in tackling complex problems in soft‐matter structures and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actively tunable petal‐shaped pattern emissions have been successfully demonstrated by the cascade of two innovative rotational vortex metasurface arrays (RVMAs). To ensure accurate cascade, each RVMA comprises a central unit with the capability to converge light, surrounded by six units designed for emitting converging vortex beams (VBs) and converging perfect vortex beams (PVBs) with topological numbers (TCs) of 3, 6, and 9, respectively. Notably, although the number of spiral branches and the diameters of the VB and PVB are determined in accordance with specific design TCs, the diameters and the number of petals for the petal‐shaped beam emissions are actively adjusted through the rotation of the RVMAs. Interestingly, the superimposition of these VBs, PVBs, or both, consistently generates petal‐shaped beams with various petal numbers and diameters, highlighting the remarkable versatility of the approach. To demonstrate the proposed concept across wavelengths, indicating its broadband operation capability, RVMA performance in the visible spectrum is thoroughly investigated, ranging from 450 to 600 nm. The tunability of the cascade of RVMAs for petal‐shaped emissions featuring diverse diameters and petal numbers has been validated at visible wavelengths, affirming the broad capabilities of the concept presented in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to disclose the molecular mechanism of snail1 in liver fibrosis. Methods: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was used to induce a liver fibrosis model in mice whereby serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were evaluated, and liver pathological alternations were assessed. Rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC‐T6) were irritated with transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, followed by assessment of cell viability and migration. The levels of snail1, ALKBH5, and lysine specific demethylase 4C (KDM4C) were quantified by immunohistochemistry, western blot, or reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction, in addition to α‐smooth muscle actin (SMA), anti‐collagen type I α1 (COL1A1), vimentin, and E‐cadherin. Photoactivatable ribonucleoside‐enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation and RNA stability were evaluated to determine the relationship between ALKBH5 and snail1. Changes in KDM4C‐bound ALKBH5 promoter and enrichment of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) at the ALKBH5 promoter were determined using chromatin immunoprecipitation. Results: In fibrosis mice, snail1 was upregulated while ALKBH5 and KDM4C were downregulated. KDM4C overexpression reduced serum ALT and AST levels, liver injury, and α‐SMA, COL1A1 and VIMENTIN expressions but increased E‐cadherin expression. However, the aforementioned trends were reversed by concurrent overexpression of snail1. In HSC‐T6 cells exposed to TGF‐β1, ALKBH5 overexpression weakened cell viability and migration, downregulated α‐SMA, COL1A1 and VIMENTIN, upregulated E‐CADHERIN, and decreased m6A modification of snail1 and its mRNA stability. KDM4C increased ALKBH5 expression by lowering H3K9me3 level, but inhibited HSC‐T6 cell activation by regulating the ALKBH5/snail1 axis. Conclusion: KDM4C decreases H3K9me3 methylation to upregulate ALKBH5 and subsequently inhibits snail1, ultimately impeding liver fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A visible light‐mediated strategy for the preparation of aromatic stannanes from aryl halides (mostly aryl bromides) is presented herein. The reaction proceeds under metal‐ and additive‐free conditions and exhibits a broad substrate scope. The products obtained have been employed in the C−C bond formation via Stille cross‐coupling reactions. Mechanistic investigation evidenced the key role of both aryl radical and trimethylstannyl radical in Ar−Sn bond formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motion recognition (MR)‐based somatosensory interaction technology, which interprets user movements as input instructions, presents a natural approach for promoting human‐computer interaction, a critical element for advancing metaverse applications. Herein, this work introduces a non‐intrusive muscle‐sensing wearable device, that in conjunction with machine learning, enables motion‐control‐based somatosensory interaction with metaverse avatars. To facilitate MR, the proposed device simultaneously detects muscle mechanical activities, including dynamic muscle shape changes and vibrational mechanomyogram signals, utilizing a flexible 16‐channel pressure sensor array (weighing ≈0.38 g). Leveraging the rich information from multiple channels, a recognition accuracy of ≈96.06% is achieved by classifying ten lower‐limb motions executed by ten human subjects. In addition, this work demonstrates the practical application of muscle‐sensing‐based somatosensory interaction, using the proposed wearable device, for enabling the real‐time control of avatars in a virtual space. This study provides an alternative approach to traditional rigid inertial measurement units and electromyography‐based methods for achieving accurate human motion capture, which can further broaden the applications of motion‐interactive wearable devices for the coming metaverse age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition phenomenon involving copper replacing the transition metal elements within transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) is a recent and unique observation in the context of sodium ion batteries (SIBs) where TMCs serve as anodes. Fundamental understanding of the driving forces and kinetics governing this transition is crucial for elucidating the sodium storage mechanism in TMCs anodes. Herein, cobalt disulfide (CoS2) has been chosen as a representative anode. It is revealed that the transition behavior of copper replacing cobalt during the cycling originates from chemical/electrochemical dual‐driving forces. The chemical driving force emanates from the interaction between Cu+ dissolved in the electrolyte and the resulting sodium polysulfide products. The reaction extent is intricately linked to the surface roughness of the copper collector. The electrochemistrical driving force is effectively elucidated through the application of the Hard‐Soft‐Acid‐Base theory. Multiple charaterization techniques, such as Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) have been employed to confirm that cobalt exists as cation instead of metal after transition. This research offers a novel perspective understanding the transition behavior exhibited by CoS2, with potential wider implications for understanding analogous behaviors in other metal sulfide anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing mixed‐species plantations has become the most promising planting method to provide various goods and improve multiple environmental services. Although mixed planting has the potential to increase tree biomass, the divergent findings make it challenging to understand the mixing effects on whole forest (trees, shrubs, herbs, and litter) biomass. Therefore, we conducted a meta‐analysis compiling 156 studies published from 1982 to 2021 across 128 sites in China. We aimed to quantify the mixing effects on forest biomass between mixed plantations and monocultures and disentangle the driving factors. Our results showed that mixed planting significantly increased the total biomass, biomass of tree, and shrub layer by 14.07%, 22.49%, and 34.84%, respectively, when compared with monocultures. The effects of mixed planting on biomass were more pronounced in plantations with both nitrogen‐fixing trees and non‐nitrogen‐fixing trees, plantations with both coniferous and broad‐leaved trees, as well as uneven‐aged plantations containing young‐ and middle‐aged species. Furthermore, our results demonstrated the effects of mixed planting were predominantly governed by climatic conditions and woodland characteristics. The effect size of total biomass exhibited a significant positive correlation with mean annual temperature and precipitation, while the shrub and herb layers showed a significant negative relationship with these climatic variables. Our findings highlighted the importance of complementarity effects in mixed plantations, especially establishing uneven‐aged plantations with different leaf morphology types and N acquisition strategies. Overall, our meta‐analysis could provide strategies for future sustainable ecosystem management and improving the terrestrial carbon sink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A group of new iridium(III) complexes were rationally designed and synthesized with 2‐phenylbenzo[d]oxazole (bo), 2‐phenylbenzo[d]thiazole (bt), 2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[d]thiazole (thbt), and 2‐(selenophen‐2‐yl)benzo[d]thiazole (sebt) as C^N ligands and bis(diphenylthiophosphoryl)amide (S‐tpip) as ancillary ligand. They are phosphorescent in a wide region of green to red with short lifetimes around 0.31–0.98 μs and quantum yields up to 64.7%. The detailed photophysical properties were investigated by experiment and further supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculation. These research results show that the spectroscopic properties are tuned by the replacement between oxygen, sulfur, and selenium or the change in aromatic ring. It has been demonstrated that the lowest energy‐level absorption and emission are dominated apparently by C^N ligands, and are ascribed to metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and intra‐ligand charge transfer (ILCT) characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) carboxamides are prepared from the direct addition of [1.1.1]propellane with semicarbazides in the presence of iron(II) phthalocyanine {Fe(Pc)} and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) in moderate to good yields. BCP ketones are also obtained under similar conditions in moderate yields. This protocol provides a straightforward one‐step access to BCP carboxamides, synthesis of which requires multiple chemical steps in previous reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 protein (MCL1) inhibitors including S64315 have undergone clinical testing for leukemia. Because of the toxicities after MCL1 inhibition, including hematopoietic, hepatic, and cardiac toxicities, there is substantial interest in finding agents that can sensitize leukemia cells to these MCL1 inhibitors. Melatonin is a chronobiotic that promotes chemo‐induced cancer cell death while protecting normal cells from cytotoxic effects. In this study, we found melatonin sensitizes over 10 leukemia cell lines to the MCL1 inhibitors S63845 (S64315 analog) and A‐1210477. Further studies demonstrate that melatonin sensitizes Jurkat cells to S63845 and A‐1210477 independent of melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2, but through multiple mechanisms, including upregulating the death receptor pathway, increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling, and causing cell cycle arrest. First, death receptor pathway inhibition only slightly diminishes the melatonin sensitization of S63845, while inhibiting mitochondrial ROS partially reduces the S63845/melatonin combination‐induced apoptosis and depletion of the mitochondrial pathway totally abolishes it, indicating that both death receptor and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways are involved. Second, transcriptome sequencing analysis found that NF‐κB signaling is downregulated by melatonin that inhibition of NF‐κB signaling by parthenolide also dramatically sensitizes Jurkat cells to S63845. Third, melatonin induces G1 cell cycle arrest and upregulates NOXA while NOXA knockdown diminishes the sensitization to S63845 by melatonin. In addition, a xenograft model suggests that melatonin in combination with S63845 causes shrinkage of leukemic deposit while S63845 or melatonin monotherapy only has limited effects. Thus, our results demonstrate that melatonin efficiently sensitizes various leukemia to the MCL1 inhibitors, potentially allowing the usage of lower doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gait is a typical habitual human behavior and manifestation of personality. The unique properties of individual gaits may offer important clues in the assessment of personality. However, assessing personality accurately through quantitative gait analysis remains a daunting challenge. Herein, targeting young individuals, standardized gait data are obtained from 114 subjects with a wearable gait sensor, and the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTl) personality scale is used to assess their corresponding personality types. Artificial intelligence algorithms are used to systematically mine the relationship between gaits and 16 personality types. The work shows that gait parameters can indicate the personality of a subject from the four MBTI dimensions of E‐l, S‐N, T‐F, and J‐P with a concordance rate as high as 95%, 96%, 91%, and 91%, respectively. The overall measurement accuracy for the 16 personality types is 88.16%. Moreover, a personality tracking experiment on all the subjects after one year to assess the stability of their personality is also conducted. This research, which is based on a smart wearable Internet of Things gait sensor, not only establishes a new connection between behavioral analysis and personality assessment but also provides a set of accurate research tools for the quantitative assessment of personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Obstetric care is a highly active area in the development and application of prognostic prediction models. The development and validation of these models often require the utilization of advanced statistical techniques. However, failure to adhere to rigorous methodological standards could greatly undermine the reliability and trustworthiness of the resultant models. Consequently, the aim of our study was to examine the current statistical practices employed in obstetric care and offer recommendations to enhance the utilization of statistical methods in the development of prognostic prediction models. Material and methods: We conducted a cross‐sectional survey using a sample of studies developing or validating prognostic prediction models for obstetric care published in a 10‐year span (2011–2020). A structured questionnaire was developed to investigate the statistical issues in five domains, including model derivation (predictor selection and algorithm development), model validation (internal and external), model performance, model presentation, and risk threshold setting. On the ground of survey results and existing guidelines, a list of recommendations for statistical methods in prognostic models was developed. Results: A total of 112 eligible studies were included, with 107 reporting model development and five exclusively reporting external validation. During model development, 58.9% of the studies did not include any form of validation. Of these, 46.4% used stepwise regression in a crude manner for predictor selection, while two‐thirds made decisions on retaining or dropping candidate predictors solely based on p‐values. Additionally, 26.2% transformed continuous predictors into categorical variables, and 80.4% did not consider nonlinear relationships between predictors and outcomes. Surprisingly, 94.4% of the studies did not examine the correlation between predictors. Moreover, 47.1% of the studies did not compare population characteristics between the development and external validation datasets, and only one‐fifth evaluated both discrimination and calibration. Furthermore, 53.6% of the studies did not clearly present the model, and less than half established a risk threshold to define risk categories. In light of these findings, 10 recommendations were formulated to promote the appropriate use of statistical methods. Conclusions: The use of statistical methods is not yet optimal. Ten recommendations were offered to assist the statistical methods of prognostic prediction models in obstetric care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of new pbt‐based Ir(III) complexes containing N−H derivatives ancillary ligands (piz/pbiz) were designed and synthesized rationally, naming [(CH3Opbt)2Ir(piz)][PF6] (Ir1), [(CF3pbt)2Ir(piz)][PF6] (Ir2), [(Fpbt)2Ir(piz)][PF6] (Ir3), [(CH3Opbt)2Ir(pbiz)][PF6] (Ir4), [(CF3pbt)2Ir(pbiz)][PF6] (Ir5) and [(Fpbt)2Ir(pbiz)][PF6] (Ir6) (where pbt=2‐phenylbenzothiazole, piz=2‐(1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)pyridine, and pbiz=2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐benzoimidazole). Combined with photophysical properties and theoretical calculations, their structure‐property relationships were systematically researched. These iridium(III) complexes are phosphorescent in the green and yellow‐green region with quantum yields of 14.1–28.7 % and lifetimes of 0.35–0.88 μs. Considering the relatively high quantum yield and imidazole group on ancillary ligands, [(CF3pbt)2Ir(pbiz)][PF6] (Ir5) was preliminary explored as the phosphorescent sensor toward F− ions. The results showed that the addition of fluoride ions to complex Ir5 in dichloromethane solution induced a red shift of the emission color, along with an enhancement in the luminescent intensity. Theoretical calculations were carried out to understand the mechanism, and the results reveal that the hydrogen bonding interaction of N−H bond with F− influence the electron transfer processes of the lowest energy absorption and emission, leading to a significant change in the photophysical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the impact of the political hierarchies of cities in China from different perspectives. First, we examine the economic disparities between prefectural cities and municipalities. Furthermore, this paper draws upon a quasi‐ experiment to analyze the impact of upgrading Chongqing to a municipality in 1997 using the synthetic control method. The city‐upgrading policy significantly increased Chongqing's gross domestic product (GDP) in the following 4 years. Finally, we find that the policy increased GDP in treated cities within 1200 km of Chongqing by about 10%–13% relative to the control cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let n⩾2$n\geqslant 2$ be any integer. We study the optimal lower bound of the canonical volume and the optimal upper bound of the canonical stability index for minimal projective n$n$‐folds of general type, which are canonically fibered by i$i$‐folds (i=0,1$i=0,1$). The results for i=0$i = 0$ are known to experts. In this article, we compute sharp bounds for i=1$i = 1$ and give some characterization of optimal examples. The machinery introduced is applicable to all canonical dimensions n−i$n-i$. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kinase inhibitors (KIs) are important cancer drugs but often feature polypharmacology that is molecularly not understood. This disconnect is particularly apparent in cancer entities such as sarcomas for which the oncogenic drivers are often not clear. To investigate more systematically how the cellular proteotypes of sarcoma cells shape their response to molecularly targeted drugs, we profiled the proteomes and phosphoproteomes of 17 sarcoma cell lines and screened the same against 150 cancer drugs. The resulting 2550 phenotypic profiles revealed distinct drug responses and the cellular activity landscapes derived from deep (phospho) proteomes (9--10,000 proteins and 10--27,000 phosphorylation sites per cell line) enabled several lines of analysis. For instance, connecting the (phospho)proteomic data with drug responses revealed known and novel mechanisms of action (MoAs) of KIs and identified markers of drug sensitivity or resistance. All data is publicly accessible via an interactive web application that enables exploration of this rich molecular resource for a better understanding of active signalling pathways in sarcoma cells, identifying treatment response predictors and revealing novel MoA of clinical KIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Family members often undertake caregiving responsibilities over long periods of time, which could lead to caregiving burden. A theory‐based and culturally sensitive learned resourcefulness program may help family caregivers mitigate stress by learning and using self‐help strategies. Objectives: This study's aim is to use rigorous methods to investigate the effects of a learned resourcefulness program called SOURCE (Chen et al., Geriatric Nursing, 2021, 45, 1129) to reduce caregiver burden and improve quality of life (QOL) for family caregivers. SOURCE is an acronym for the six self‐help behaviors at the core of this theory‐based learned resourcefulness program, developed by the Principal Investigator (PI) in collaboration with other researchers (Chen et al., Geriatric Nursing, 2021, 45, 1129). These behaviors are: seeking problem‐solving strategies, organizing daily actions, using self‐regulation, reframing positive situations, changing negative self‐thinking, and exploring new thinking and skills. Methods: We used a quasi‐experimental design with repeated measures for this study. The potential subjects were family caregivers whose family member was receiving home care. PI recruited 94 family caregivers (60 years old or older) who were caring for disabled and/or ill family members who also were 60 years old or older and living at home at the time of the study. The PI recruited these caregivers through the home care services department of a hospital and two community healthcare centers in Taiwan. The experimental group (n = 46) received the four‐week in‐person SOURCE while their family member continued to receive home care services, whereas the control group (n = 48) did not receive the SOURCE program while their family member received home care services. We collected data from the participants using the Caregiver Burden Scale, EuroQol‐5 Dimension, and Rosenbaum's Self‐Control Scale at baseline (T0, Week 1), after the intervention (T1, Week 5), and at follow‐up (T2, Week 9). We analyzed the data using paired‐sample t‐tests and used the generalized estimating equation method to compare paired data between the baseline and follow‐up. Results: Of the 94 recruited family caregivers, 90.4% (n = 85) completed the study. We found no significant differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of demographic, caregiver burden, and QOL variables at baseline. Compared to the control group, the experimental group had significantly improved caregiver burden scores (indicating a reduction in caregiver burden) at the end of the intervention and at follow‐up. The experimental group had significantly improved QOL scores at follow‐up only. The experimental group also showed high levels of adherence to and satisfaction with the intervention. The paired‐sample t‐test results show significantly improved learned resourcefulness between T0 and T1 and between T0 and T2 (t = −5.84, p < 0.001; t = −6.77, p < 0.001) for the experimental group. Conclusion: The SOURCE program helped family caregivers develop and use self‐help behaviors during their daily caregiving tasks. The family caregivers reported satisfaction with the program as well as reduced caregiver burden and improved QOL after the program ended. Implications for practice: The SOURCE program can be implemented to improve family caregivers' caregiver burden and QOL. Community health nurses can improve self‐help abilities of family caregivers by helping them to acquire abilities and skills that allow them to effectively handle stress and reduce their caregiver burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit of device miniaturization and the generation of complex output responses has driven the development of optically tunable metasurfaces. Among these advancements, metasurface‐based vortex beams (VBs) have emerged as promising optically tunable knob technology due to their infinite output states through various orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. In this study, the metasurface‐based VBs are successfully fabricated with exceptionally high OAM modes of 32 and 16, carefully examined using the Mach‐Zehnder interferometer. Throughout this study, these devices are referred to as infinite‐OAM meta‐knobs (IOMKs). The optical tunability of IOMKs is demonstrated by illuminating them with incident light possessing diverse degrees of freedom, including different polarizations and wavelengths. Furthermore, the interference nature of the IOMKs is experimentally explored by incorporating them into interference eraser measurements, providing an additional degree of freedom to the optical knob. In the interference eraser experiment, the broadband capability and the high reproducibility of the IOMKs with the OAM modes of 32 and 16 at three distinct wavelengths of 450, 530, and 610 nm is demonstrated. These findings represent a significant step toward understanding the potential applications of IOMKs in quantum optics and their promising role in the generation of complex output states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontal bone regeneration using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) transplantation is a promising method; however, the method for osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs needs to be improved. In this research, we sought to identify the roles of let‐7a in the osteogenesis of BMMSCs and to provide a potential method for periodontal bone regeneration. Our previous study revealed that Fas/FasL is a target of let‐7a. In this study, we demonstrated that let‐7a overexpression significantly enhanced BMMSC‐CAs osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, upregulation of Fas/FasL using the rfas/rfaslg plasmid obstructed the osteogenesis of BMMSCs by inhibiting autophagy. Furthermore, we confirmed that overexpression of let‐7a activated autophagy and alleviated the inhibited osteogenesis by the autophagy inhibitor 3‐MA and the rfas/rfaslg plasmid of BMMSCs. In general, our findings showed that let‐7a promoted the osteogenesis of BMMSCs through the Fas/FasL‐autophagy pathway, suggesting that the application of let‐7a in BMMSC‐CAs based periodontal bone regeneration could be a promising strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional approaches to improving basketball players' shooting skills rely on coaches' experience in adjusting players' biomechanical motions. However, such an approach cannot provide specific instructions or facilitate immediate feedback for improvement of the shooting motion. In this article, a method is presented to quantitatively evaluate four key action indicators of shooting basketballs using a machine‐learning model based on Bayesian optimization of a light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM). Important motion data for the model are collected by micro‐inertial measurement units embedded in a wrist motion sensor and an internet of things (IoT) smart basketball. Basketball shooting motion data are collected from 16 subjects and used for model training and data testing, and four important action indicators that influence the shot quality are selected for quantitative assessment. The LightGBM model is then developed for the regression prediction of the four action indicators of shooting. In the results, it is indicated that for an individual player, the highest correlation scores of the four indexes range from 97.6% to 99.3%. The proposed approach for quantitatively assessing shooting indexes can provide objective and data‐based guidance to improve players' shooting performance. Foreseeably, the prediction model can be embedded into a chip of a wearable device to evaluate the real‐time shot quality quantitatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an experiment exploring message strategies to reduce the stigma of gynecological diseases and promote women's sexual and reproductive health. Drawing on the cognitive‐affective‐behavioral model of stigma, we propose that social norms and message framing as two message strategies, respectively, address the cognitive and affective components of the stigma of gynecological diseases, which lead to desired changes in the help‐seeking intention as the behavioral component. We conducted a 3 (no norm vs. descriptive norm vs. descriptive plus injunctive norms) by 2 (gain‐framed vs. loss‐framed) between‐subject experiment (N = 202). The results reveal that messages with the combination of descriptive and injunctive norms reduce the greatest cognitive components of stigma. Gain‐framed messages induced fewer affective components than loss‐framed ones. The results suggest that changes in the cognitive and affective components of stigma may sequentially lead to favorable changes in the behavioral component. This study contributes to public understanding of the stigma of gynecological diseases by disentangling the various components and identifying the specific message strategies for stigma reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In‐stent restenosis and thrombosis remain to be long‐term challenges in coronary stenting procedures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro biological responses of trimethylsilane (TMS) plasma nanocoatings modified with NH3/O2 (2:1 molar ratio) plasma post‐treatment (TMS + NH3/O2 nanocoatings) on cobalt chromium (CoCr) alloy L605 coupons, L605 stents, and 316L stainless steel (SS) stents. Surface properties of the plasma nanocoatings with up to 2‐year aging time were characterized by wettability assessment and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that TMS + NH3/O2 nanocoatings had a surface composition of 41.21 ± 1.06 at% oxygen, 31.90 ± 1.08 at% silicon, and 24.12 ± 1.7 at% carbon, and very small but essential amount of 2.77 ± 0.18 at% nitrogen. Surface chemical stability of the plasma coatings was noted with persistent O/Si atomic ratio of 1.292–1.413 and N/Si atomic ratio of ~0.087 through 2 years. The in vitro biological responses of plasma nanocoatings were studied by evaluating the cell proliferation and migration of porcine coronary artery endothelial cells (PCAECs) and smooth muscle cells (PCASMCs). 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay results revealed that, after 7‐day incubation, TMS + NH3/O2 nanocoatings maintained a similar level of PCAEC proliferation while showing a decrease in the viability of PCASMCs by 73 ± 19% as compared with uncoated L605 surfaces. Cell co‐culture of PCAECs and PCASMCs results showed that, the cell ratio of PCAEC/PCASMC on TMS + NH3/O2 nanocoating surfaces was 1.5‐fold higher than that on uncoated L605 surfaces, indicating enhanced selectivity for promoting PCAEC growth. Migration test showed comparable PCAEC migration distance for uncoated L605 and TMS + NH3/O2 nanocoatings. In contrast, PCASMC migration distance was reduced nearly 8.5‐fold on TMS + NH3/O2 nanocoating surfaces as compared to the uncoated L605 surfaces. Platelet adhesion test using porcine whole blood showed lower adhered platelets distribution (by 70 ± 16%), reduced clotting attachment (by 54 ± 12%), and less platelet activation on TMS + NH3/O2 nanocoating surfaces as compared with the uncoated L605 controls. It was further found that, under shear stress conditions of simulated blood flow, TMS + NH3/O2 nanocoating significantly inhibited platelet adhesion compared to the uncoated 316L SS stents and TMS nanocoated 316L SS stents. These results indicate that TMS + NH3/O2 nanocoatings are very promising in preventing both restenosis and thrombosis for coronary stent applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human activity recognition (HAR) has gained popularity in the field of computer vision such as video surveillance, security, and virtual reality. However, traditional methods are limited in terms of computations and holistic learning of human skeletal sequences. In this article, a new time‐series skeleton joint data imaging method is infused into an improved convolutional neural network to handle these problems. First, the raw time‐series data of 33 body nodes are transformed to red–green–blue images by encoding the 3D positional information to one pixel. Second, the LeNet‐5 network is enhanced by expanding the receptive field, introducing coordinate attention and the smooth maximum unit to improve smoothness and feature extraction. Third, the ability of coded images to express human activities is studied in various environments. It is shown in the experimental results that the method achieves an impressive accuracy of 98.02% in recognizing 25 daily human activities, such as running, writing, and walking. In addition, it is shown that the number of floating point operations, parameters, and inference time of the method are 0.08%, 0.47%, and 3.05%, respectively, of the average values for six other networks (including AlexNet, GoogLeNet, and MobileNet). The proposed method is thus a novel, lightweight, and high‐precision solution for HAR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combination therapy was an effective strategy to overcome the limitations of many monotherapies. Here, hollow mesoporous titanium dioxide nanomaterials (TiO2) were synthesized by silica‐protected calcination‐alkali etching for loading adriamycin (DOX) with polydopamine (PDA) coating and then hyaluronic acid (HA) modification. The nanomaterials allowed for drug‐targeted delivery and the combination of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy. The hollow mesoporous titanium dioxide provided a high drug loading capacity, and the photothermal agent PDA layer exhibited good photothermal conversion capabilities. Moreover, the ability to target through hyaluronic acid‐mediated target allowed the nanomaterials targeted to human breast cancer cells (MCF‐7). Cytotoxicity and apoptosis tests showed that the prepared DOX@TiO2@PDA@HA showed potential as a drug delivery system for combined chemotherapy and photothermal therapy to improve anti‐tumor efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebral ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. However, the mechanisms underlying ischemic stroke injury remain poorly understood. Here, it is found that deficiency of the ubiquitin‐specific protease USP25 significantly aggravate ischemic stroke injury in mice. USP25 has no impact on neuronal death under hypoxic conditions, but reduced ischemic stroke‐induced neuronal loss and neurological deficits by inhibiting microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation. Mechanistically, USP25 restricts the activation of NF‐κB and MAPK signaling by regulating TAB2. As a deubiquitinating enzyme, USP25 removeds K63‐specific polyubiquitin chains from TAB2. AAV9‐mediated TAB2 knockdown ameliorates ischemic stroke injury and abolishes the effect of USP25 deletion. In both mouse and human brains, USP25 is markedly upregulated in microglia in the ischemic penumbra, implying a clinical relevance of USP25 in ischemic stroke. Collectively, USP25 is identified as a critical inhibitor of ischemic stroke injury and this data suggest USP25 may serve as a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As post‐lithium ion batteries, both sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium ion batteries (PIBs) possess great potential for large scale energy storage. However, the application of both SIBs and PIBs are hindered by the lack of suitable electrode materials. Here, we synthesized the sulfur decorated Ti3C2Tx (S−T3C2Tx) MXene as electrode material for SIBs and PIBs. Thanks to the sulfur functional group and the formation of Ti−S bond, which facilitates the sodium in‐/desertion and strengthens the potassium ion adsorption ability, as well as enhances ion reaction kinetics and improved structure stability, the S−T3C2Tx exhibit excellent sodium/potassium storage performance, high reversible capacities of 151 and 101 mAh g−1 at 0.1 mA g−1 were achieved for SIBs and PIBs, respectively. Moreover, the S−T3C2Tx exhibits remarkable long‐term capacity stability at a high density of 500 mA g−1, providing an impressive storage of 88 mAh g−1 for SIBs and 41 mAh g−1 for PIBs even after 2000 cycles. This work could give a deep comprehension of the heteroatom modification influence on the MXene‐based framework and promote the application of MXene electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interlude of dark exposure for about 1 week is known to shift excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance of the mammalian visual cortex, promoting plasticity and accelerating visual recovery in animals that have experienced cortical lesions during development. However, the translational impact of our understanding of dark exposure from animal studies to humans remains elusive. Here, we used magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a probe for E/I balance in the primary visual cortex (V1) to determine the effect of 60 min of dark exposure, and measured binocular combination as a behavioural assay to assess visual plasticity in 14 normally sighted human adults. To induce neuroplastic changes in the observers, we introduced 60 min of monocular deprivation, which is known to temporarily shift sensory eye balance in favour of the previously deprived eye. We report that prior dark exposure for 60 min strengthens local excitability in V1 and boosts visual plasticity in normal adults. However, we show that it does not promote plasticity in amblyopic adults. Nevertheless, our findings are surprising, given the fact that the interlude is very brief. Interestingly, we find that the increased concentration of the excitatory neurotransmitter is not strongly correlated with the enhanced functional plasticity. Instead, the absolute degree of change in its concentration is related to the boost, suggesting that the dichotomy of cortical excitation and inhibition might not explain the physiological basis of plasticity in humans. We present the first evidence that an environmental manipulation that shifts cortical E/I balance can also act as a metaplastic facilitator for visual plasticity in humans. Key points: A brief interlude (60 min) of dark exposure increased the local concentration of glutamine/glutamate but not that of GABA in the visual cortex of adult humans.After dark exposure, the degree of the shift in sensory eye dominance in favour of the previously deprived eye from short‐term monocular deprivation was larger than that from only monocular deprivation.The neurochemical and behavioural measures were associated: the magnitude of the shift in the concentration of glutamine/glutamate was correlated with the boost in perceptual plasticity after dark exposure.Surprisingly, the increase in the concentration of glutamine/glutamate was not correlated with the perceptual boost after dark exposure, suggesting that the physiological mechanism of how E/I balance regulates plasticity is not deterministic. In other words, an increased excitation did not unilaterally promote plasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]